Title: The Tasks Ahead
Series: Working Paper No. 08/262
Date: November 1, 2008
Subject(s): Group of Twenty | Economic summits | Economic policy | Demand management | Liquidity management | Low-income developing countries | Risk management | Crisis prevention

Title: High and Volatile Treasury Yields in Tanzania:The Role of Strategic Bidding and Auction Microstructure
Author/Editor: Abbas, S. M. Ali ; Sobolev, Yuri Vladimirovich
Series: Working Paper No. 08/81
Date: March 1, 2008
Subject(s): Bonds | Tanzania | Bond issues | Debt burden | Bank credit
Author's keyword(s): Treasury bill yields | government securities auctions | oligopolistic bidding | collusion | auction microstructure

Title: Fiscal Sustainability in Remittance-Dependent Economies
Author/Editor: Abdih, Yasser ; Chami, Ralph ; Gapen, Michael T. ; Mati, Amine
Series: Working Paper No. 09/190
Date: September 1, 2009
Subject(s): Capital inflows | Debt burden | Debt sustainability | Demand for money | Developing countries | Economic models | Fiscal management | Fiscal sustainability | Gross domestic product | Lebanon | Private savings | Public debt | Workers remittances
Author's keyword(s): Remittances | fiscal sustainability | remittance-dependent economies

Title: Relating the Knowledge Production Function to Total Factor productivity: An Endogenous Growth Puzzle
Author/Editor: Abdih, Yasser ; Joutz, Frederick L.
Series: Working Paper No. 05/74
Date: April 1, 2005
Subject(s): Production | Productivity | Economic growth | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Endogenous growth | knowledge spillovers | patents | cointegration

Title: FEER for the CFA Franc
Author/Editor: Abdih, Yasser ; Tsangarides, Charalambos G.
Series: Working Paper No. 06/236
Date: October 1, 2006
Subject(s): Exchange rates | Africa | Monetary unions | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Equilibrium real exchange rate | FEER | cointegration | WAEMU | CEMAC

Title: Corruption, Structural Reforms, and Economic Performance in the Transition Economies
Author/Editor: Abed, George T. ; Davoodi, Hamid Reza
Series: Working Paper No. 00/132
Date: July 1, 2000
Subject(s): Corruption | Transition economies | Structural adjustment

Title: Early Warning Systems: A Survey and a Regime-Switching Approach
Author/Editor: Abiad, Abdul
Series: Working Paper No. 03/32
Date: February 1, 2003
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Currencies | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Currency crisis | early warning system | regime switching | Markov switching

Title: What’s the Damage? Medium-term Output Dynamics After Banking Crises
Author/Editor: Abiad, Abdul ; Balakrishnan, Ravi ; Koeva Brooks, Petya ; Leigh, Daniel ; Tytell, Irina
Series: Working Paper No. 09/245
Date: November 1, 2009
Subject(s): Asset management | China, People's Republic of | Governance | Investment policy | Pension funds | Pension supervision | Savings promotion
Author's keyword(s): Financial crises | output growth | macroeconomic policy

Title: Evaluating Historical CGER Assessments:How Well Have They Predicted Subsequent Exchange Rate Movements?
Author/Editor: Abiad, Abdul ; Kannan, Prakash ; Lee, Jungjin
Series: Working Paper No. 09/32
Date: February 1, 2009
Subject(s): Exchange rate assessments | Developed countries | Emerging markets | Exchange rate policy surveillance | Real effective exchange rates | Current account balances | Economic models | Cross country analysis
Author's keyword(s): Exchange rates | forecasting | misalignment

Title: Financial Reform: What Shakes It? What Shapes It?
Author/Editor: Abiad, Abdul ; Mody, Ashoka
Series: Working Paper No. 03/70
Date: April 1, 2003
Subject(s): Economic reform | Financial sector
Author's keyword(s): Financial reform | political economy | status quo bias

Title: Issues in the Unification of Financial Sector Supervision
Author/Editor: Abrams, Richard K. ; Taylor, Michael
Series: Working Paper No. 00/213
Date: December 1, 2000
Subject(s): Financial sector | Bank supervision

Title: Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From CEFTA and BFTA?
Author/Editor: Adam, Antonis ; Kosma, Theodora ; McHugh, James
Series: Working Paper No. 03/239
Date: December 1, 2003
Subject(s): Trade liberalization | Europe | Baltics | International trade | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Trade liberalization | gravity models | stability pact | CEFTA | BFTA

Title: The Size and Sustainability of the Nigerian Current Account Deficits
Author/Editor: Adedeji, Olumuyiwa
Series: Working Paper No. 01/87
Date: June 1, 2001
Subject(s): Current account deficits | Nigeria
Author's keyword(s): Excessive current account deficits | external sustainability | Nigeria

Title: Fiscal Reaction Functions in the CFA Zone: An Analytical Perspective
Author/Editor: Adedeji, Olumuyiwa ; Williams, Oral
Series: Working Paper No. 07/232
Date: October 1, 2007
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Central African Economic and Monetary Community | West African Economic and Monetary Union | Debt sustainability analysis | Economic growth | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): CFA Zone | Debt Sustainability | Convergence | Fiscal Policy | Economic Model

Title: The Derivatives Market in South Africa: Lessons for sub-Saharan African Countries
Author/Editor: Adelegan, Olatundun Janet
Series: Working Paper No. 09/196
Date: September 1, 2009
Subject(s): Bond markets | Capital flows | Capital markets | Financial instruments | Financial risk | Investment | Liquidity management | Risk management | Securities markets | Securities regulations | South Africa | Stock markets | Sub-Saharan Africa
Author's keyword(s): derivatives | South Africa | options | futures

Title: What Determines Bond Market Development in sub-Saharan Africa?
Author/Editor: Adelegan, Olatundun Janet ; Radzewicz-Bak, Bozena
Series: Working Paper No. 09/213
Date: September 1, 2009
Subject(s): Access to capital markets | Banking sector | Bond markets | Bonds | Capital markets | Cross country analysis | External debt | Financial institutions | Financial systems | Investment | Nonbank financial sector | Public debt | Savings | Sub-Saharan Africa
Author's keyword(s): Bond market development | government bonds; corporate bonds | macroeconomic factors; sub-Saharan Africa.

Title: Modernizing Bank Regulation in Support of Financial Deepening: The Case of Uruguay
Author/Editor: Adler, Gustavo ; Mansilla, Mario ; Wezel, Torsten
Series: Working Paper No. 09/199
Date: September 1, 2009
Subject(s): Bank reforms | Bank regulations | Bank supervision | Banking sector | Basel Core Principles | Business cycles | Credit expansion | Credit risk | Financial crisis | Financial soundness indicators | Liquidity management | Loans | Risk management | Uruguay
Author's keyword(s): Credit growth | credit risk | loan classification | loan provisioning | bank liquidity | regulatory reform

Title: Trade Liberalization, Exchange Rate Changes, and Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Agbeyegbe, Terence D. ; Stotsky, Janet Gale ; WoldeMariam, Asegedech
Series: Working Paper No. 04/178
Date: September 1, 2004
Subject(s): Trade liberalization | Sub-Saharan Africa | Exchange rates | Tax revenues
Author's keyword(s): Trade liberalization | exchange rates | tax revenue | Sub-Saharan Africa

Title: Borrowing Risk and the Tequila Effect
Author/Editor: Agénor, Pierre-Richard
Series: Working Paper No. 97/86
Date: July 11, 1997
Subject(s): Borrowing | Mexico | Argentina | Economic models

Title: Money, Wages and Inflation in Middle-Income Developing Countries
Author/Editor: Agénor, Pierre-Richard ; Hoffmaister, Alexander W.
Series: Working Paper No. 97/174
Date: December 1, 1997
Subject(s): Money | Chile | Korea, Republic of | Mexico | Turkey | Wages | Inflation | Economic models

Title: Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Developing Countries - Some Stylized Facts
Author/Editor: Agénor, Pierre-Richard ; McDermott, C. John ; Prasad, Eswar
Series: Working Paper No. 99/35
Date: March 1, 1999
Subject(s): Business cycles | Developing countries

Title: Discriminating Contagion - An Alternative Explanation of Contagious Currency Crises in Emerging Markets
Author/Editor: Ahluwalia, Pavan
Series: Working Paper No. 00/14
Date: December 1, 1999
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Emerging markets | Exchange rates | Balance of payments | Economic models

Title: Iraq: Considerations on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations for the Constituent Assembly
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Boadway, Robin W. ; Brosio, Giorgio ; Ebel, Robert D. ; Searle, Bob
Series: Working Paper No. 05/69
Date: April 1, 2005
Subject(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations | Iraq | Fiscal reforms | Government expenditures | Revenues | Budgets
Author's keyword(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations

Title: Uganda: Managing More Effective Decentralization
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Brosio, Giorgio ; Gonzalez, Maria
Series: Working Paper No. 06/279
Date: December 1, 2006
Subject(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations | Uganda | Fiscal policy
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal policy | intergovernmental fiscal relations

Title: Fiscal Decentralization and Public Subnational Financial Management in Peru
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Garcia-Escribano, Mercedes
Series: Working Paper No. 06/120
Date: May 1, 2006
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Peru | Intergovernmental fiscal relations | Public finance | Fiscal transparency
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal policy | intergovernmental fiscal relations

Title: Recentralization in China?
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Keping, Li ; Richardson, Thomas J. ; Singh, Raju
Series: Working Paper No. 02/168
Date: October 1, 2002
Subject(s): Centrally planned economies | China | Economic reform | China, People's Republic of
Author's keyword(s): Intergovernmental Relations

Title: Intergovernmental Grants Systems and Management: Applications of a General Framework to Indonesia
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Ma, Jun ; Searle, Bob ; Piperno, Stefano
Series: Working Paper No. 02/128
Date: August 1, 2002
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Indonesia | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Indonesia | Fiscal Decentralization | Equalization Grants

Title: On the Design and Effectiveness of Targeted Expenditure Programs
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Martinez, Leonardo
Series: Working Paper No. 04/220
Date: November 1, 2004
Subject(s): Transfer of real resources | Government expenditures | Fiscal management | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal federalism | special purpose transfers

Title: On the Implementation of Transfers to Subnational Governments
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Searle, Bob
Series: Working Paper No. 05/130
Date: June 1, 2005
Subject(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations | Loans
Author's keyword(s): Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations | Grants

Title: Toward More Effective Redistribution: Reform Options for Intergovernmental Transfers in China
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Singh, Raju ; Fortuna, Mario
Series: Working Paper No. 04/98
Date: June 1, 2004
Subject(s): Fiscal reforms | China | Income distribution | Fiscal policy

Title: On National or Supranational Objectives: Improving the Effectiveness of Targeted Expenditure Programs
Author/Editor: Ahmad, Ehtisham ; Tandberg, E. ; Zhang, Ping
Series: Working Paper No. 02/209
Date: December 1, 2002
Subject(s): Government expenditures
Author's keyword(s): Public expenditures | incentive schemes | intergovernmental finance

Title: Money-Based Versus Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilization: Is There Space for Political Opportunism?
Author/Editor: Aisen, Ari
Series: Working Paper No. 04/94
Date: June 1, 2004
Subject(s): Stabilization measures | Anti-inflation policy | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Inflation Stabilization | Norminal Anchors | Political Opportunism | Elections

Title: Political Instability and Inflation Volatility
Author/Editor: Aisen, Ari ; Veiga, Francisco José
Series: Working Paper No. 06/212
Date: September 1, 2006
Subject(s): Inflation | Economic conditions | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Inflation | volatility | political instability | institutions

Title: The Political Economy of Seigniorage
Author/Editor: Aisen, Ari ; Veiga, Francisco José ; International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Financial Systems Dept.
Series: Working Paper No. 05/175
Date: September 1, 2005
Subject(s): Political economy | Currency issuance | Money supply | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Seigniorage | political instability | institutions

Title: Where Did All the Aid Go? An Empirical Analysis of Absorption and Spending
Author/Editor: Aiyar, Shekhar ; Ruthbah, Ummul
Series: Working Paper No. 08/34
Date: February 1, 2008
Subject(s): Working Paper
Author's keyword(s): Aid | Spending | Absorption | Growth.

Title: International Reserves: Precautionary vs. Mercantilist Views, Theory, and Evidence
Author/Editor: Aizenman, Joshua ; Lee, Jaewoo
Series: Working Paper No. 05/198
Date: October 1, 2005
Subject(s): Foreign exchange reserves | Financial crisis | Demand | Capital account | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): International reserves | precautionary demand | mercantilist | financial crises

Title: An Analysis of External Debt and Capital Flight in the Severely Indebted Low Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Ajayi, Simeon Inidayo
Series: Working Paper No. 97/68
Date: June 1, 1997
Subject(s): External debt | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income developing countries | Capital outflows

Title: Sources of Growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cointegration Approach
Author/Editor: Akitoby, Bernardin ; Cinyabuguma, Matthias
Series: Working Paper No. 04/114
Date: July 1, 2004
Subject(s): Economic growth | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Industrial production
Author's keyword(s): Congo | Growth accounting | TFP | production function

Title: Sources of Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Akitoby, Bernardin ; Ghura, Dhaneshwar ; Tahari, Amor ; Aka, Emmanuel Brou
Series: Working Paper No. 04/176
Date: September 1, 2004
Subject(s): Economic growth | Sub-Saharan Africa
Author's keyword(s): Sub-Saharan Africa | growth accounting | growth prospects

Title: The Value of Institutions for Financial Markets: Evidence from Emerging Markets
Author/Editor: Akitoby, Bernardin ; Stratmann, Thomas
Series: Working Paper No. 09/27
Date: February 1, 2009
Subject(s): Capital markets | Financial sector | Political economy | Governance | Social policy | Emerging markets | Cross country analysis | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): sovereign risk | spreads | institutions | financial markets | emerging markets

Title: Intra-Arab Trade - Is It Too Little?
Author/Editor: Al-Atrash, Hassan ; Yousef, Tarik
Series: Working Paper No. 00/10
Date: January 1, 2000
Subject(s): Trade | Middle East | Economic models

Title: IPO Behavior in GCC Countries: Goody-Two Shoes or Bad-to-the-Bone?
Author/Editor: Al-Hassan, Abdullah ; Omran, Mohammed ; Delgado-Fernández, Fernando-Luciano
Series: Working Paper No. 07/149
Date: July 1, 2007
Subject(s): Stock prices | Stock markets | Middle East
Author's keyword(s): IPO | Underpricing | Stock performance | GCC

Title: The Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Egypt
Author/Editor: Al-Mashat, Rania A. ; Billmeier, Andreas
Series: Working Paper No. 07/285
Date: December 1, 2007
Subject(s): Monetary policy | Egypt, Arab Republic of | Inflation targeting | Exchange rates | Egypt
Author's keyword(s): Egypt | monetary transmission mechanism | monetary policy | inflation targeting

Title: Global Equilibrium Exchange Rates - Euro, Dollar, "Ins," "Outs," and Other Major Currencies in a Panel Cointegration Framework
Author/Editor: Alberola Ila, Enrique ; Garcia Cervero, Susana ; Lopez, J. Humberto ; Ubide, Angel J.
Series: Working Paper No. 99/175
Date: December 1, 1999
Subject(s): Exchange rates

Title: Regionalism or Multilateralism? A Political Economy Choice
Author/Editor: Albertin, Giorgia
Series: Working Paper No. 08/65
Date: March 1, 2008
Subject(s): International trade agreements | Multilateral trade negotiations | Trade liberalization
Author's keyword(s): Regional Trade Agreement; Multilateral Trade Agreement; Lobbying.

Title: Redistribution Through Public Employment - The Case of Italy
Author/Editor: Alesina, Alberto ; Danninger, Stephan ; Rostagno, Massimo V.
Series: Working Paper No. 99/177
Date: December 1, 1999
Subject(s): Public sector | Italy | Employment

Title: FDI Spillovers, Financial Markets and Economic Development
Author/Editor: Alfaro, Laura ; Chanda, Areendam ; Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem ; Sayek, Selin
Series: Working Paper No. 03/186
Date: September 1, 2003
Subject(s): Economic growth | Capital markets | Foreign investment
Author's keyword(s): Economic growth | financial markets | foreign direct investment

Title: An Alternative Explanation for the Resource Curse: The Income Effect Channel
Author/Editor: Alichi, Ali ; Arezki, Rabah
Series: Working Paper No. 09/112
Date: May 1, 2009
Subject(s): Capital accumulation | Capital flows | Cross country analysis | Domestic investment | Economic growth | Economic models | Fiscal policy | Government expenditures | Income | Natural resources | Private sector | Revenue sources
Author's keyword(s): resource curse | fiscal policy | investment and growth

Title: Nonrenewable Resources - A Case for Persistent Fiscal Surpluses
Author/Editor: Alier, M. ; Kaufman, Martin David
Series: Working Paper No. 99/44
Date: April 1, 1999
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Chile

Title: Fiscal Transparency in EU Accession Countries: Progress and Future Challenges
Author/Editor: Allan, William ; Parry, Taryn
Series: Working Paper No. 03/163
Date: August 1, 2003
Subject(s): Fiscal transparency | European Union
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal Transparency | EU Accession

Title: Competitiveness in Central-Europe: What Has Happened Since EU Accession?
Author/Editor: Allard, Céline
Series: Working Paper No. 09/121
Date: June 1, 2009
Subject(s): Central and Eastern Europe | Cross country analysis | Economic models | European Union | Exchange rate appreciation | Exports | Foreign direct investment | Global competitiveness | Imports | Trade
Author's keyword(s): Competitiveness | exchange rate | trade | transition economies | EU accession

Title: Challenges to Monetary Policy in the Czech Republic—An Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Analysis
Author/Editor: Allard, Céline ; Muñoz, Sònia
Series: Working Paper No. 08/72
Date: March 1, 2008
Subject(s): Monetary policy | Czech Republic | Inflation targeting | Fiscal policy
Author's keyword(s): Inflation targeting | Macroeconomic model | Fiscal Policy | Policy coordination

Title: The Challenge of Reforming Budgetary Institutions in Developing Countries
Author/Editor: Allen, Richard
Series: Working Paper No. 09/96
Date: May 1, 2009
Subject(s): Budgetary reforms | Developing countries | Budgets | Public finance | Financial management | World Bank
Author's keyword(s): PEFA | public financial management | budget | institutions | platform approach | reform | developing countries | World Bank | donors | Paris Declaration | Accra Agenda for Action

Title: Asset Securitization and Structured Financing: Future Prospects and Challenges for Countries in Emerging Markets
Author/Editor: Alles, Lakshman
Series: Working Paper No. 01/147
Date: September 1, 2001
Subject(s): Capital markets | Emerging markets | Bonds | Stock markets | Bank supervision | Taxation
Author's keyword(s): Asset securitization | structured financing | emerging markets

Title: Globalization and Growth Prospect in Arab Countries
Author/Editor: Alonso-Gamo, Patricia
Series: Working Paper No. 97/125
Date: September 1, 1997
Subject(s): Globalization | Economic growth

Title: Adjusting to New Realities: MENA, The Uruguay Round, and the EU-Mediterranean Initiative
Author/Editor: Alonso-Gamo, Patricia ; Fennell, Susan ; Sakr, Khaled
Series: Working Paper No. 97/5
Date: January 1, 1997
Subject(s): Trade | Middle East | Africa | Trade liberalization | Multilateral trade negotiations | European Economic and Monetary Union | World Trade Organization

Title: Are Uniform Tariffs Optimal?
Author/Editor: Amiti, Mary
Series: Working Paper No. 04/72
Date: April 1, 2004
Subject(s): Tariffs | Tariff structures | Trade liberalization | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Agglomeration | downstream firms | tariffs | trade liberalisation | upstream firms | vertical links

Title: Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia
Author/Editor: Amiti, Mary ; Konings, Jozef
Series: Working Paper No. 05/146
Date: July 1, 2005
Subject(s): Tariffs | Indonesia | Trade liberalization | Productivity | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Tariffs | inputs | productivity

Title: Will the Doha Round Lead to Preference Erosion?
Author/Editor: Amiti, Mary ; Romalis, John
Series: Working Paper No. 06/10
Date: January 1, 2006
Subject(s): Access to foreign markets | Developing countries | Trade | Tariffs | Multilateral trade negotiations
Author's keyword(s): Preference erosion | market access | tariffs | trade preferences

Title: Fear of Service Outsourcing: Is it Justified?
Author/Editor: Amiti, Mary ; Wei, Shang-Jin
Series: Working Paper No. 04/186
Date: October 1, 2004
Subject(s): Employment | United States | United Kingdom
Author's keyword(s): Outsourcing | services | employment

Title: Institutional Factors and Financial Sector Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Anayiotos, George C. ; Toroyan, Hovhannes
Series: Working Paper No. 09/258
Date: November 1, 2009
Subject(s): Access to capital markets | Cross country analysis | Data analysis | Data quality assessment framework | Development | Economic models | Financial institutions | Financial sector | Governance | Political economy | Sub-Saharan Africa
Author's keyword(s): Institutions | Financial sector development | data envelopment analysis | Sub-Saharan Africa

Title: What Happens After Supervisory Intervention? Considering Bank Closure Options
Author/Editor: Andrews, Michael ; Josefsson, Mats
Series: Working Paper No. 03/17
Date: January 1, 2003
Subject(s): Bank supervision | Bank restructuring | Deposit insurance
Author's keyword(s): Bank supervision | weak banks | bank restructuring | systemic crisis | deposit insurance

Title: The Impact of Macroeconomic Announcements on Emerging Market Bonds
Author/Editor: Andritzky, Jochen R. ; Bannister, Geoffrey J. ; Tamirisa, Natalia T.
Series: Working Paper No. 05/83
Date: April 1, 2005
Subject(s): Announcements | Emerging markets | Bonds | Financial crisis
Author's keyword(s): Announcement | emerging market bonds | news | crisis

Title: Adding Indonesia to the Global Projection Model
Author/Editor: Andrle, Michal ; Freedman, Charles ; Garcia-Saltos, Roberto ; Hermawan, Danny ; Laxton, Douglas ; Munandar, Haris
Series: Working Paper No. 09/253
Date: November 1, 2009
Subject(s): Economic growth | Economic models | Emerging markets | External shocks | Indonesia | Inflation targeting | Monetary policy
Author's keyword(s): Macroeconomic Modeling; Bayesian Estimation | Monetary Policy

Title: Enforcement and the Stability and Growth Pact: How Fiscal Policy Did and Did Not Change Under Europe's Fiscal Framework
Author/Editor: Annett, Anthony
Series: Working Paper No. 06/116
Date: May 1, 2006
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Europe | European Union | Political economy | Budget deficits
Author's keyword(s): fiscal policy | enforcement | political economy

Title: Social Fractionalization, Political Instability, and the Size of Government
Author/Editor: Annett, Anthony
Series: Working Paper No. 00/82
Date: April 1, 2000
Subject(s): Public sector | Social policy | Government expenditures | Economic models

Title: Inflation Targeting and Output Growth: Empirical Evidence for the European Union
Author/Editor: Apergis, Nicholas ; Miller, Stephen M. ; Panethimitakis, Alexandros ; Vamvakidis, Athanasios
Series: Working Paper No. 05/89
Date: May 1, 2005
Subject(s): Inflation targeting | European Union | Economic growth
Author's keyword(s): Inflation targeting | European Union

Title: The Dynamic Implications of Foreign Aid and Its Variability
Author/Editor: Arellano, Cristina ; Bulir, Ales ; Lane, Timothy D. ; Lipschitz, Leslie
Series: Working Paper No. 05/119
Date: June 1, 2005
Subject(s): Business cycles | Development assistance | Economic models | Transfer of real resources
Author's keyword(s): Real business cycle | general equilibrium | aid transfer problem

Title: The Composition of Capital Flows: Is South Africa Different?
Author/Editor: Arezki, Rabah ; Ahmed, Faisal ; Funke, Norbert
Series: Working Paper No. 05/40
Date: March 1, 2005
Subject(s): Capital flows | South Africa | Exchange rates | Foreign investment
Author's keyword(s): Composition of capital flows | exchange rate volatility | financial development

Title: Global Imbalances and Petrodollars
Author/Editor: Arezki, Rabah ; Hasanov, Fuad
Series: Working Paper No. 09/89
Date: April 1, 2009
Subject(s): Payments imbalances | Oil exporting countries | Oil prices | Oil revenues | Current account | Current account surpluses | Fiscal policy
Author's keyword(s): Oil exporters | global imbalances | current account | fiscal policy.

Title: Endogenous Monetary Policy Credibility in a Small Macro Model of Israel
Author/Editor: Argov, Eyal ; Epstein, Natan P. ; Karam, Philippe D ; Laxton, Douglas ; Rose, David
Series: Working Paper No. 07/207
Date: August 1, 2007
Subject(s): Monetary policy | Israel | Inflation targeting | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Monetary policy credibility | non-linearity | inflation targeting

Title: Monetary Policy, Monetary Areas, and Financial Development with Electronic Money
Author/Editor: Arnone, Marco ; Bandiera, Luca
Series: Working Paper No. 04/122
Date: July 1, 2004
Subject(s): Money | Monetary policy | Monetary unions | Monetary operations
Author's keyword(s): Electronic money | monetary policy | monetary unions

Title: Primary Dealers in Government Securities: Policy Issues and Selected Countries Experience
Author/Editor: Arnone, Marco ; Iden, George
Series: Working Paper No. 03/45
Date: March 1, 2003
Subject(s): Public debt | Debt management | Government expenditures
Author's keyword(s): Primary dealers | public debt management

Title: Measures of Central Bank Autonomy: Empirical Evidence for OECD, Developing, and Emerging Market Economies
Author/Editor: Arnone, Marco ; Laurens, Bernard ; Segalotto, Jean-François
Series: Working Paper No. 06/228
Date: October 1, 2006
Subject(s): Central banks | Governance | Monetary policy | Developed countries | Developing countries | Emerging markets
Author's keyword(s): Central bank autonomy | political autonomy | economic autonomy

Title: Monetary Policy Transparency and Financial Market Forecasts in South Africa
Author/Editor: Arora, Vivek B.
Series: Working Paper No. 07/123
Date: May 1, 2007
Subject(s): Economic forecasting | South Africa | Transparency | Monetary policy | Capital markets
Author's keyword(s): Monetary policy | transparency | financial markets | South Africa

Title: How Does U.S. Monetary Policy Influence Economic Conditions in Emerging Markets?
Author/Editor: Arora, Vivek B. ; Cerisola, Martin D.
Series: Working Paper No. 00/148
Date: August 1, 2000
Subject(s): Monetary policy | United States | Emerging markets | Bonds

Title: How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?
Author/Editor: Arora, Vivek B. ; Vamvakidis, Athanasios
Series: Working Paper No. 04/26
Date: February 1, 2004
Subject(s): International trade | Economic growth
Author's keyword(s): International trade | economic growth

Title: Capital Account Liberalization, Capital Flow Patterns, and Policy Responses in the EU's New Member States
Author/Editor: Árvai, Zsófia
Series: Working Paper No. 05/213
Date: November 1, 2005
Subject(s): Capital flows | European Union | Capital account liberalization
Author's keyword(s): EU accession | capital flows | capital account liberalization

Title: A Framework for Developing Secondary Markets for Government Securities
Author/Editor: Árvai, Zsófia ; Heenan, Geoffrey
Series: Working Paper No. 08/174
Date: July 1, 2008
Subject(s): Securities markets | Government finance statistics | Capital markets | Public debt | Monetary policy | Fiscal policy
Author's keyword(s): Capital markets | government securities | market development

Title: Inflation Hedging for Long-Term Investors
Author/Editor: Attie, Alexander P. ; Roache, Shaun K.
Series: Working Paper No. 09/90
Date: April 1, 2009
Subject(s): Inflation | Capital markets | Private investment | Financial instruments | Hedge funds | Commodities | Asset prices | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Inflation | Hedging | Investments | Portfolio Allocation | Diversification.

Title: Bad Dreams Under Alternative Anchors - Are the Consequences Different?
Author/Editor: Auernheimer, Leonardo ; George, Susan Mary
Series: Working Paper No. 00/20
Date: January 1, 2000
Subject(s): Monetary policy | Exchange rates | Devaluation | Economic models

Title: Bidder Participation and Information in Currency Auctions
Author/Editor: Ausubel, Lawrence ; Romeu, Rafael
Series: Working Paper No. 05/157
Date: August 1, 2005
Subject(s): Currencies | Foreign exchange auctions | Venezuela, Republica Bolivariana de
Author's keyword(s): Auctions | currency auctions | pay-as-bid auctions | asymmetric information

Title: A New Risk Indicator and Stress Testing Tool: A Multifactor Nth-to-Default CDS Basket
Author/Editor: Avesani, Renzo G. ; Garcia Pascual, Antonio ; Li, Jing
Series: Working Paper No. 06/105
Date: April 1, 2006
Subject(s): Risk management | Economic indicators | Debt | Credit risk | Financial institutions | Investment policy | Commodity pricing policy | International capital markets | Banks | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Risk management | market indicators | stress testing | credit default swap (CDS) | collateralized debt obligation (CDO) | credit risk | large complex financial institutions (LCFIs)

Title: Review and Implementation of Credit Risk Models of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP)
Author/Editor: Avesani, Renzo G. ; Liu, Kexue ; Mirestean, Alin ; Salvati, Jean
Series: Working Paper No. 06/134
Date: May 1, 2006
Subject(s): Credit risk | Financial sector | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Portfolio credit risk | default probabilities | Poisson distribution | Bernoulli distribution

Title: An Econometric Analysis of Countries' Repayment Performance to the International Monetary Fund
Author/Editor: Aylward, Lynn ; Thorne, Rupert
Series: Working Paper No. 98/32
Notes: Also published in Staff Papers, Vol. 45, No. 4, December 1998.
Date: March 1, 1998
Subject(s): Overdue obligations | Fund | Payments arrears | Economic models

Title: Poverty Dynamics in Rural India
Author/Editor: Aziz, Jahangir
Series: Working Paper No. 02/172
Date: October 1, 2002
Subject(s): Poverty | India

Title: Currency Crises - In Search of Common Elements
Author/Editor: Aziz, Jahangir ; Caramazza, Francesco ; Salgado, Ranil
Series: Working Paper No. 00/67
Date: March 1, 2000
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Currencies

Title: Growth-Financial Intermediation Nexus in China
Author/Editor: Aziz, Jahangir ; Duenwald, Christoph
Series: Working Paper No. 02/194
Date: November 1, 2002
Subject(s): Economic growth | China | Financial systems | China, People's Republic of
Author's keyword(s): Growth | financial intermediation | provincial differences

Title: Cyclical Effects of the Composition of Government Purchases
Author/Editor: Aziz, Jahangir ; Leruth, Luc
Series: Working Paper No. 97/19
Date: February 1, 1997
Subject(s): Government expenditures | Economic models

Title: Policy Complementarities and the Washington Consensus
Author/Editor: Aziz, Jahangir ; Westcott, Robert F.
Series: Working Paper No. 97/118
Date: September 1, 1997
Subject(s): Economic growth | Development policy

Title: Is Brazil Different? Risk, Dollarization, and Interest Rates in Emerging Markets
Author/Editor: Bacha, Edmar L. ; Holland, Márcio ; Gonçalves, Fernando M.
Series: Working Paper No. 07/294
Date: December 1, 2007
Subject(s): Dollarization | Brazil | Interest rates | Emerging markets

Title: Payment Arrears in the Gas and Electric Power Sectors of the Russian Federation and Ukraine
Author/Editor: Bagratian, Hrant ; Gürgen, Emine
Series: Working Paper No. 97/162
Date: December 1, 1997
Subject(s): Payments arrears | Natural gas | Electric power | Russian Federation | Ukraine

Title: Characterizing Exchange Rate Regimes in Post-Crisis East Asia
Author/Editor: Baig, Taimur
Series: Working Paper No. 01/152
Date: October 1, 2001
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Indonesia | Korea, Republic of | Malaysia | Philippines | Thailand | Exchange rate regimes | Exchange rate instability | Republic of Korea
Author's keyword(s): Exchange Rate Regime | Volatility | Asian Crisis

Title: The Russian Default and the Contagion to Brazil
Author/Editor: Baig, Taimur ; Goldfajn, Ilan
Series: Working Paper No. 00/160
Date: October 1, 2000
Subject(s): Debt | Brazil | Russian Federation | Exchange rates | Offshore financial centers

Title: Fiscal and Monetary Nexus in Emerging Market Economies: How Does Debt Matter?
Author/Editor: Baig, Taimur ; Kumar, Manmohan S. ; Vasishtha, Garima ; Zoli, Edda
Series: Working Paper No. 06/184
Date: August 1, 2006
Subject(s): Emerging markets | Public debt | Fiscal policy | Monetary policy
Author's keyword(s): Public debt | fiscal policy | monetary policy

Title: Assessing Competitiveness After Conflict: The Case of the Central African Republic
Author/Editor: Bakhache, Said ; Lewis, Mark ; Kalonji, Kadima D. ; Nachega, Jean-Claude
Series: Working Paper No. 06/303
Date: December 1, 2006
Subject(s): Competition | Central African Republic | Foreign exchange | Trade | Transport | Governance
Author's keyword(s): Competitiveness

Title: Global Liquidity and Asset Prices: Measurement, Implications, and Spillovers
Author/Editor: Baks, Klaas ; Kramer, Charles Frederick
Series: Working Paper No. 99/168
Date: December 1, 1999
Subject(s): Liquidity | Asset prices | Capital markets | Inflation | Exchange rates | Economic models

Title: Globalization, Gluts, Innovation or Irrationality: What Explains the Easy Financing of the U.S. Current Account Deficit?
Author/Editor: Balakrishnan, Ravi ; Bayoumi, Tamim ; Tulin, Volodymyr
Series: Working Paper No. 07/160
Date: July 1, 2007
Subject(s): Current account | United States | External debt | Deficit financing | Financial instruments | Globalization | Savings | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): U.S current account | financing | home bias | global savings glut | portfolio balance | ICAPM

Title: U.S. Inflation Dynamics: What Drives Them Over Different Frequencies?
Author/Editor: Balakrishnan, Ravi ; Ouliaris, Sam
Series: Working Paper No. 06/159
Date: June 1, 2006
Subject(s): Inflation | United States | Monetary policy | Demand | Globalization | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): U.S. Inflation | monetary policy credibility

Title: Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the MDGs
Author/Editor: Baldacci, Emanuele ; Clements, Benedict J. ; Gupta, Sanjeev ; Cui, Qiang
Series: Working Paper No. 04/217
Date: November 1, 2004
Subject(s): Social policy | Human capital | Developing countries | Government expenditures | Economic growth | Millennium Development Goals
Author's keyword(s): Economic Growth | Human Capital | Social Spending | MDGs

Title: Financial Crises, Poverty, and Income Distribution
Author/Editor: Baldacci, Emanuele ; de Mello, Luiz ; Inchauste, Gabriela
Series: Working Paper No. 02/4
Date: January 1, 2002
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Poverty | Income distribution | Mexico | Economic models
Author's keyword(s): Financial crisis | poverty | income distribution | Mexico

Title: Is it (Still) Mostly Fiscal? Determinants of Sovereign Spreads in Emerging Markets
Author/Editor: Baldacci, Emanuele ; Gupta, Sanjeev ; Mati, Amine
Series: Working Paper No. 08/259
Date: November 1, 2008
Subject(s): Emerging markets | Sovereign debt | Credit risk | Fiscal consolidation | Political economy | Fiscal policy | Public investment
Author's keyword(s): Sovereign spreads | political risk | emerging markets | fiscal consolidation

Title: Growth, Governance, and Fiscal Policy Transmission Channels in Low-Income Countries
Author/Editor: Baldacci, Emanuele ; Hillman, Arye L. ; Kojo, Naoko C.
Series: Working Paper No. 03/237
Date: December 1, 2003
Subject(s): Economic growth | Low income developing countries | Fiscal policy | Governance
Author's keyword(s): Growth | governance | fiscal policy | low-income countries

Title: Fiscal and Monetary Anchors for Price Stability: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Baldini, Alfredo ; Ribeiro, Marcos Poplawski
Series: Working Paper No. 08/121
Date: May 1, 2008
Subject(s): Sub-Saharan Africa | Inflation | Public debt | Monetary policy | Fiscal policy
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal Dominance | non-Ricardian regimes | and Fiscal Theory of Price Level

Title: The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997 - A Strategy of Financial Sector Reform
Author/Editor: Baliño, Tomás J. T. ; Ubide, Angel J.
Series: Working Paper No. 99/28
Date: March 1, 1999
Subject(s): Financial crisis | Korea, Republic of | Bank supervision | Financial sector | Bank reforms

Title: Anatomy of Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic
Author/Editor: Banerjee, Biswajit ; Jarmuzek, Mariusz
Series: Working Paper No. 09/145
Date: July 1, 2009
Subject(s): Cross country analysis | Economic growth | Economic models | European Union | Labor market policy | Labor productivity | Slovak Republic
Author's keyword(s): Regional disparities; -convergence;
1-convergence; growth accounting

Title: International Trade and Poverty Alleviation
Author/Editor: Bannister, Geoffrey J.
Series: Working Paper No. 01/54
Date: May 1, 2001
Subject(s): International trade | Poverty | Trade liberalization
Author's keyword(s): Trade reform | poverty alleviation

Title: Districting and Government Overspending
Author/Editor: Baqir, Reza
Series: Working Paper No. 01/96
Date: August 1, 2001
Subject(s): Government expenditures | Public sector
Author's keyword(s): government spending | fiscal institutions | electoral systems | comparative politics

Title: Banks During the Argentine Crisis: Were They All Hurt Equally? Did They All Behave Equally?
Author/Editor: Barajas, Adolfo ; Basco, Emiliano ; Juan-Ramon, V. Hugo ; Quarracino, Carlos
Series: Working Paper No. 06/42
Date: February 1, 2006
Subject(s): Banks | Argentina | Banking | Financial crisis | Bank regulations | Risk premium | Dollarization
Author's keyword(s): Argentina | banking | crisis | market discipline

Title: Do Workers' Remittances Promote Economic Growth?
Author/Editor: Barajas, Adolfo ; Chami, Ralph ; Fullenkamp, Connel ; Gapen, Michael T. ; Montiel, Peter
Series: Working Paper No. 09/153
Date: July 1, 2009
Subject(s): Capital accumulation | Capital flows | Developing countries | Economic growth | Foreign labor | Labor markets | Migration | Poverty reduction | Private capital flows | Transfers of foreigners income | Welfare | Workers remittances
Author's keyword(s): Remittances | economic growth | private flows | poverty | welfare

Title: Credit Stagnation in Latin America
Author/Editor: Barajas, Adolfo ; Steiner, Roberto
Series: Working Paper No. 02/53
Date: March 1, 2002
Subject(s): Credit | Latin America | Banking systems
Author's keyword(s): credit | banking system | Latin America

Title: Interest Spreads in Banking - Costs, Financial Taxation, Market Power, and Loan Quality in the Colombian Case 1974-96
Author/Editor: Barajas, Adolfo ; Steiner, Roberto ; Salazar, Natalia
Series: Working Paper No. 98/110
Date: August 1, 1998
Subject(s): Banking systems | Colombia | Interest rates | Loans | Taxation | Economic models

Title: Barriers to Capital Accumulation and the Incidence of Child Labor
Author/Editor: Barnett, Richard C. ; Espinosa-Vega, Marco
Series: Working Paper No. 05/220
Date: November 1, 2005
Subject(s): Capital accumulation | Poverty | Labor | Gross domestic product
Author's keyword(s): Barriers to capital accumulation | child labor

Title: What's Driving Investment in China?
Author/Editor: Barnett, Steven ; Brooks, Ray
Series: Working Paper No. 06/265
Date: November 1, 2006
Subject(s): Investment | China | Absorptive capacity | Resource allocation | China, People's Republic of
Author's keyword(s): China | investment | capacity

Title: Assessing Fiscal Sustainability Under Uncertainity
Author/Editor: Barnhill, Theodore M. ; Kopits, George
Series: Working Paper No. 03/79
Date: April 1, 2003
Subject(s): Fiscal policy | Risk premium | Financial crisis | Emerging markets
Author's keyword(s): Fiscal policy | value-at-risk analysis | vulnerability to crises

Title: Stochastic Volatilities and Correlations, Extreme Values and Modeling the Macroeconomic Environment, Under Which Brazilian Banks Operate
Author/Editor: Barnhill, Theodore M. ; Souto, Marcos
Series: Working Paper No. 07/290
Date: December 1, 2007
Subject(s): Emerging markets | Brazil | Banks | Interest rates | Credit risk
Author's keyword(s): Forecasting | multivariate stochastic volatility | fat-tail distributions | Monte Carlo estimation

Title: Sources of Inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Author/Editor: Barnichon, Régis ; Peiris, Shanaka J.
Series: Working Paper No. 07/32
Date: February 1, 2007
Subject(s): Inflation | Sub-Saharan Africa | Demand for money | Production |