## D4D-II Program Document — Annex III (Phase II) ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [D4D-II Program Document — Annex III (Phase II)](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document.pdf.json) --- ### Foreword and strategic framing - IMF Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda (GPA) (April 2024) centers on rebuild, revive, renew—rebuilding buffers, reviving sustainable and inclusive medium-term growth, and renewing IMF policies, lending toolkit and governance (IMF’s Statistics Department — D4D-II Program Document). - IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) provides demand-driven, tailored technical assistance (TA) and training as part of capacity development (CD) to modernize statistical programs and strengthen staff capacity. - The Data for Decisions (D4D) Fund became a key pillar of STA’s CD delivery since 2018: - One third of STA’s statistics CD activities initiated from IMF Headquarters over the last six years were financed by the D4D Fund. - Over 60 course offerings since 2019 provide flexible pathways to building global statistical expertise through online learning. ### Rationale, role, and scope of D4D-II - Persistent demand drivers: - Uneven medium-term growth prospects and risks of divergence across countries. - Need for fit‑for‑purpose, timely data on climate change, economic inclusion, food security, and geopolitical fragmentation. - D4D-II aims to provide timely and agile responses to TA requests across macroeconomic statistics workstreams, complementing multi-year field-based CD delivered by Regional Capacity Development Centers (RCDCs). - Core scope retained and expanded: - Macroeconomic and financial statistics, data standards, and macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. - Modular design with five integrated modules to increase impact and coordination. - Continued focus on LLMICs and FCS; eligibility criteria broadly same as D4D-I with case-by-case expansion possible. - New emphases: - Support progression on IMF Data Standards Initiatives and use of innovative technologies. - Address environmental and climate change statistics gaps linked to G-20 DGI-3 and IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust support. - Integrate Big Data and alternative data sources. ### D4D-I results to end‑FY 2024 (highlights) - Scale and delivery: - More than 450 CD activities completed (about 350 TA missions and 100 multi-country trainings). - Sub-Saharan Africa is the largest beneficiary; LLMICs in all other regions also received D4D-funded TA. - Online learning: - Online curriculum reached over 13,000 participants through over 60 online course offerings in English, French and Spanish. - Data availability and quality improvements: - More reliable national accounts and BOP and IIP statistics; development of HFIs and residential property price indices (RPPIs) in LLMICs; improvements in GFS and public debt statistics; expanded FAS coverage with more gender-disaggregated data and new datasets. - Illustrative country outcomes: - National Bank of Cambodia launched a new RPPI in June 2022 after D4D CD on real estate sector data. - National Bank of Angola disseminated more comprehensive reserve assets data following CD on reserves compilation. - Zambia addressed previously large unidentified outflows (~30 percent of GDP over 2020-21) through intensive CD; IMF Extended Credit Facility Arrangement adopted in August 2022. ### Governance, financing request, and resource context - Governance: - D4D Fund Steering Committee (SC) remains overarching governing body; approves beneficiary countries and rolling 18-month work plans. - SC meetings semi-annually in June (hybrid) and January (virtual); partner representative chairs SC with annual rotation. - Financing request: - Partner funding required: US$45 million over a five-year period (FY 2026-30). - D4D-I budget was around US$33 million; increase reflects folding of two bilateral projects (Japan and Switzerland pilots) into the multi‑partner vehicle. - Administrative arrangements: - Contributions made into multi-partner D4D Subaccount under IMF’s Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities; IMF charges a trust fund management fee of seven percent. - Annual audits and partner reporting on Subaccount expenditures and commitments. ### Strategic and operational framework; change management - Strategic log frame adopts IMF’s results-based management (RBM) catalogue (launched 2021); individual project log frames drawn from RBM catalogue and updated semi-annually. - Shift toward a change management approach to foster country ownership, sustainability, and impact; assessments of operational capacity and absorption capacity undertaken before and during TA implementation. - External evaluation: - Mid-term external evaluation of D4D-I concluded the program is "highly relevant, effective, coherent, and efficient." - Seven main adjustment areas identified; IMF responses integrated into D4D-II design (Annex I). ### CD delivery modalities under D4D-II - TA mission: targeted hands-on missions; may complement 24 STA long-term experts (LTXs). - Multi-country training: workshops; non-D4D eligible participants limited to not exceed ten percent for in-person events. - Single-country training: exceptional circumstances for FCS and LLMICs with acute needs. - Continuous engagement: permanent feature to maintain engagement between missions; supports change management approach. - Online learning and blended learning: update D4D-I curriculum; develop short targeted courses (e.g., SDMX, international trade, informal economy, environmental and climate change); produce short policy-relevance videos; require online completion as precondition for some in-person training. - Long-term experts (LTXs): station where sustained field presence aids statistical development results. ### New modular structure — five modules (overview) - Module 1: Address data needs to empower policymaking in fiscal, external, and real sector (national accounts, HFIs, and prices). - Module 2: Sustain and expand the Financial Access Survey (FAS) database (geographic coverage, data disaggregation, thematic scope). - Module 3: Build on the 12-course curriculum developed in D4D-I and expand online learning offerings. - Module 4: Support IMF’s Data Standards Initiatives and expand SDMX adoption for dissemination and use. - Module 5: Support countries in producing policy-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. ### Module 1 — Fiscal, External, and Real Sector: key enhancements and RBM outcomes - Module 1 remains largest component; key enhancements: - Recast ESS submodule along statistical product lines and expand coverage to new datasets. - Expand RPPI workstream and include other relevant price measures for macro-financial analysis. - Cover CD tailored to addressing source data gaps, including use of Big Data, and support adoption of updated methodological standards. - Selected RBM outcomes (preserved as presented): - Fiscal & Public Debt Statistics: GFS | PSDS - External Sector Statistics: BOP/IIP | EDS | Other - Real Sector Statistics: HFI | NIP | Prices - Staff capacity increased: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - Source data adequate: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) - Methodological standards/guidelines adopted: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) √ (EDS) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) - Data periodicity, timeliness, and consistency improved: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - Data and metadata accessibility improved: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - New dataset compiled and disseminated: √ (BOP/IIP) √ (EDS) √ (Other) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) ### Module 1 — Selected submodule specifics - Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS): - Finding: Debt accumulation in LLMICs has outpaced economic growth over the last decade (World Bank, 2023). - Problem: "72 percent of LLMICs do not disseminate public debt statistics; and 54 percent do not report quarterly external debt statistics." - Program activity: Two-year Japan-funded project launched May 2024 to conduct qualitative PSDS assessments in selected African countries. - CD targets (Annex II): e.g., At least eight countries improve sources and granularity of public debt data; at least 15 countries compile and disseminate PSDS following PSDSG 2011 framework. - External Sector Statistics (ESS): - BPM7 expected in 2025; at least ten countries to implement or have plans to implement BPM7 (Annex II). - As of April 2024, 21 countries compile monthly international reserve and foreign currency liquidity template; target is at least ten additional countries. - As of April 2024, 39 countries compile and report quarterly EDS; target is at least 15 countries begin reporting external debt statistics. - Real Sector Statistics: - HFIs: At least six countries to develop and release HFIs; at least 12 countries to improve coverage/timeliness and methodologies for HFIs. - National accounts and rebasing: International good practice recommends benchmark revisions/rebasing every five years; only ten percent of LLMICs have a base year ≤ five years old. Targets include new rebased national accounts series in at least ten countries. - Price statistics: For at least 12 countries, new vintage price indices (CPI, PPI, XMPI, RPPI, CPPI) developed and disseminated; specific coverage and metadata targets for subsets of these countries. ### Module 2 — Financial Access Survey (FAS): objectives and targets - Objectives: - Improve quality, coverage (including fintech and gender-disaggregated data), and usage of FAS for policymaking and research. - Reporting coverage targets (Annex II): - Participation reporting on small and medium enterprises increased from 113 to up to 130. - Participation reporting gender breakdown increased from 83 to up to 95. - At least 20 percent of participating LLMICs provide additional gender-disaggregated data series (from 15 to at least 20 gender-disaggregated series). - At least one third of participating LLMICs provide additional fintech-enabled data series (from 9 to up to 20). - FAS data featured in IMF country reports and policy documents increased from an average of eight to up to 15 reports per year. ### Module 3 — Online learning updates and targets - Update BOP/IIP and external debt courses to reflect BPM7 and revised external debt content. - Develop at least four new courses and update at least four D4D-I courses to reflect newly adopted international standards. - Launch at least two short user-oriented courses and translate all courses into at least two additional languages beyond English. - Reach at least 500 participants on average for each online course in the curriculum. - Establish certification from online training as an entry requirement for certain in-person training. ### Module 4 — Data dissemination, SDMX, and data use - Data Standards submodule: - Eligibility figures preserved: 24 countries eligible for launching an NSDP under e-GDDS; 44 e-GDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS; 17 SDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus. - Overall participation: 112 IMF member countries participate in e-GDDS (73 have NSDPs), 47 in SDDS, and 31 in SDDS Plus. - Expected outputs: support NSDP publishing, assist e-GDDS countries advance to SDDS, and help SDDS subscribers advance to SDDS Plus. - SDMX submodule: - Current status: 73 e-GDDS countries (42 are LLMICs) post data in SDMX; many agencies have limited IT infrastructure; PDF dissemination remains widespread. - Targets (Annex II): Implement ODP 2.0 in at least five AFR countries; move from PDF to modern techniques in at least three non-AFR countries; at least eight countries use automated NSDP update processes. - Data use submodule: - Dedicate funding to assessing/measuring use of data in decision making and integrate user outreach into CD operations. - Objective: Authorities and/or IMF staff used D4D-improved data for policymaking and/or surveillance in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 1; demonstrated policy use of climate indicators in at least half of Module 5 beneficiary countries. ### Module 5 — Environmental and climate change statistics - Aims: - Support development of macro-relevant environmental and climate indicators consistent with economic and financial statistical frameworks. - Mainstream environmental and climate data into regular statistical production for reporting, policymaking, and accountability. - Use G-20 DGI-3 and SEEA, SNA, GFSM, MFS standards to guide methodology and templates. - Big Data and innovation: - Use Big Data and open geospatial datasets and climate models to estimate macro-critical indicators and physical risk indicators combining hazards, exposures, and vulnerability. - Targets (Annex II): - New vintage of Air Emissions and/or Energy and/or Other Environmental Accounts developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least ten countries with a clear data governance policy. - New vintage of physical and/or transition risk indicators developed and disseminated for at least ten countries. - New vintage of climate expenditures, subsidies and/or finance developed and disseminated for at least ten countries. - Institutional challenges and mitigation: - Main challenges include lack of interagency coordination, differing definitions/classifications, and limited data-sharing policies. - STA to partner with countries with advanced expertise to build institutional frameworks and data governance. ### Country eligibility, selection principles, and transition arrangements - Eligibility framework: Same as D4D-I focusing on LLMICs and FCS; selection aims to maximize CD outcomes per strategic log frame. - Selection guided by: - Country ownership (demand-driven requests and commitment). - Absorption capacity (sufficient human resources). - Relevance to authorities’ reform agenda, IMF surveillance/lending, and D4D strategic log frame. - Complementarities with World Bank and other CD providers. - Proposed eligibility expansions: - Maintain engagement with countries that exit LLMIC grouping if projects are incomplete. - Permanent expansion eligibility for non-LLMICs within a ten percent range from the LLMIC ceiling. - Case-by-case expansion for non-LLMICs, preferably at program level, notably for Module 4 and Module 5. ### Integration with IMF surveillance, coordination, and partnerships - CD integrated with IMF surveillance and lending; CD activities considered in Article IV consultations and IMF lending program design. - Close coordination with RCDCs, IMF Area Departments, World Bank, AfDB, regional bodies, and specialized agencies to avoid duplication and leverage complementarities. - Example: Collaboration with AfDB to implement ODP 2.0 for NSDP dissemination in Africa. ### Results framework, monitoring, evaluation, and external evaluation timing - Strategic log frame with SMART indicators aggregated at module and project levels; project log frames updated annually. - D4D-II external evaluation expected not later than 40 months after commencement (expected IMF FY 2028, subject to execution rate). - Project-level monitoring through CDMAP and annual project assessments; outcomes assessed using verifiable indicators from baseline to target via milestones. ### Program budget highlights and numeric figures (preserved exactly) - Program coverage: five years (May 2025-April 2030) with an estimated program budget of US$45 million. - Budget table entries (as presented): - Total (row entry as presented): 4 2,103,099 - 7% TFM Fees (annual): 626,675; 557,361; 575,975; 593,886; 593,321; total 2,947,217 - Total (including 7% TFM) (annual): 9,579,170; 8,519,654; 8,804,187; 9,077,966; 9,069,339; total 45,050,316 - Module and component totals (as presented): - Module 1 total: 20,681,444 - Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics: 8,272,578 - External Sector Statistics: 5,170,361 - Real Sector Statistics: 7,238,505 - Module 2 (FAS) total: 3,519,284 - Module 3 (Online Learning) total: 5,377,364 - Module 4 (Data Dissemination and Use) total: 5,152,513 - Data Standards total: 3,606,759 - SDMX total: 1,288,128 - Data Use total: 257,626 - Module 5 (Environmental and Climate Change Statistics) total: 5,817,362 - Program Management total: 1,272,932 - Governance & Evaluation total: 282,200 - Contingency: Program execution contingent on demand materializing, IMF execution capacity, and partner funding availability. ### Key risks and mitigation (selected from Annex V) - Risk: Delay in demand for CD due to lags by national agencies. - Mitigation: Discuss work plans with authorities at design stage; flexibility in work programs. - Risk: External climate and conditions. - Mitigation: Coordinate with IMF country teams and partners to analyze risks and propose measures. - Risk: Management and technical capacity gaps. - Mitigation: Invest in institutional training, integration of TA and training, and documentation to address staff rotation. - Risk: Political support shortfalls. - Mitigation: Leverage IMF convening power; invest in high-level awareness and monitor milestones regularly. - Risk: Resource adequacy. - Mitigation: Use IMF diagnostic tools (DAA, STA assessments) to design prioritized work programs and work with development partners. ### Annex I recommendations and IMF responses (seven-point summary) - Priority reforms from external evaluation integrated into D4D-II design, including: 1. Move from CD delivery to change management approach; strengthen country ownership and absorption assessments. 2. Require clear needs assessment for data use during project planning. 3. Systematic assessment of ownership and absorption capacity via diagnostic missions and stakeholder engagement. 4. Improve impact monitoring at the level of data users and integrate data use work program into Module 4. 5. Enhance coordination with World Bank and regional partners; report complementarity in D4D Fund Annual Reports. 6. Tailor RBM framework to D4D Fund and integrate CDMAP reporting. 7. Institutionalize blended delivery; use online course completion as precondition for some in-person training. *Source: IMF’s Statistics Department — D4D-II Program Document (Annex III — Phase II).* ### Foreword _______________________________________________________________________ 5 ### Foreword — D4D-II Program Document ### Foreword: strategic framing - The IMF Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda (GPA) (April 2024) centers on rebuild, revive, renew—rebuilding buffers, reviving sustainable and inclusive medium-term growth, and renewing IMF policies, lending toolkit and governance. - IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) provides demand-driven, tailored technical assistance (TA) and training as part of capacity development (CD) to modernize statistical programs and strengthen staff capacity. - The Data for Decisions (D4D) Fund has become a key pillar of STA’s CD delivery since 2018: - One third of STA’s statistics CD activities initiated from IMF Headquarters over the last six years were financed by the D4D Fund. - Over 60 course offerings since 2019 provide flexible pathways to building global statistical expertise through online learning. ### Overview: rationale and role of D4D-II - Persistent demand for more and better statistics driven by: - Uneven medium-term growth prospects and risks of divergence across countries. - Need for fit‑for‑purpose, timely data to address climate change, economic inclusion, food security, and geopolitical fragmentation. - D4D-II aims to provide timely and more agile responses to TA requests across macroeconomic statistics workstreams, complementing IMF multi-year field-based CD delivered by Regional Capacity Development Centers (RCDCs). - D4D-II will continue to fill gaps not covered by RCDCs (for example, through an expanded price statistics program) and integrate new STA CD initiatives. - Adaptation to updated statistical methodologies and new data collection methods (including Big Data) will trigger CD demand—particularly for climate indicators linked to the G-20 Data Gaps Initiative (DGI-3) and for IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust support. ### Context and background on D4D-I - Launch and purpose: - D4D launched June 2018 as the IMF’s flagship multi-partner funding vehicle for CD on statistics to support evidence-based macroeconomic policymaking and the 2030 Agenda for SDGs. - Operational span: - D4D-I was initially planned for FY 2019-23 but was extended budget‑neutrally to a total of seven years (FY 2019-25) due to COVID-19 impacts. - Role in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS): - Around one fifth of IMF members are classified as FCS; many are also LLMICs. - D4D-funded CD activities have supported pragmatic, flexible, innovative, and long-term engagements in FCS, with frequent recalibration of project scope, pace, and volume. - RCDCs and long‑term experts: - RCDCs deliver almost two-thirds of IMF statistics CD volume. As of end-FY 2024, there were 24 LTXs in 12 RCDCs: 11 cover national accounts statistics, ten cover government finance and public debt statistics, and three deliver CD on external sector statistics. ### D4D-I achievements (results to end‑FY 2024) - Scale and delivery: - More than 450 CD activities completed (about 350 TA missions and 100 multi-country trainings) by end-FY 2024. - Sub-Saharan Africa is the largest beneficiary; LLMICs in all other regions also received D4D-funded TA. - Data availability and quality improvements: - More reliable national accounts and BOP and IIP statistics. - Development of compilation programs for high-frequency indicators (HFIs) and residential property price indices (RPPIs) in LLMICs. - Improvements in government finance statistics (GFS), particularly public debt statistics, contributing to debt transparency. - Expanded Financial Access Survey (FAS) coverage with more gender-disaggregated data and new datasets (mobile and internet banking). - Launch of a FAS Advisory Group in April 2024. - Illustrative country outcomes: - National Bank of Cambodia launched a new RPPI in June 2022 after D4D CD on real estate sector data. - National Bank of Angola disseminated more comprehensive reserve assets data following CD on reserves compilation. - Zambia’s balance of payments improvements: previously large unidentified outflows (~30 percent of GDP over 2020-21) were addressed through intensive CD leading to remedial measures; the IMF Extended Credit Facility Arrangement was adopted in August 2022. ### D4D-II proposal: design, scope, and priorities - Core elements retained and expanded: - CD within the IMF mandate: macroeconomic and financial statistics, data standards, and macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. - Modular design with closely coordinated and integrated modules for greater impact. - Continued focus on LLMICs and FCS; eligibility criteria broadly same as D4D-I, with case-by-case country eligibility expansion possible. - New emphases: - Assist countries in progressing on IMF Data Standards Initiatives by enabling use of innovative technologies to modernize and widen data access. - Address data gaps on environmental and climate change statistics to support evidence-based fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. - Integrate innovative data sources (including Big Data) into national statistical programs. ### Governance, financing, and resource needs - Governance: - The D4D Fund Steering Committee (SC) remains the overarching governing body, providing strategic guidance, approving beneficiary countries and rolling 18-month work plans. - Financing request: - Partner funding required: US$45 million over a five-year period (FY 2026-30). - Comparison to Phase I: D4D-I budget was around US$33 million; increase reflects folding of two existing bilateral projects into the multi‑partner vehicle. - Japan-funded project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (to end in June 2025). - Switzerland-funded pilot project on environmental and climate change statistics (to end in December 2024). *IMF’s Statistics Department — D4D-II Program Document (Foreword and Overview sections)* ### 8. The online learning curriculum developed under D4D-I has allowed an unparalleled IMF ### D4D-II Program Document — Annex III (Phase II) — Key Content ### Online learning and past results - The online learning curriculum developed under D4D-I has reached over 13,000 participants through over 60 online course offerings in English, French and Spanish. - The online curriculum proved effective and efficient for training new data compilers, particularly given high staff turnover in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). - The online curriculum enabled continued IMF engagement with national authorities during the pandemic and provided tools for adopting blended learning approaches to training workshops and courses. ### Evaluation and strategic adjustments - The mid-term external evaluation of D4D-I concluded that the program is "highly relevant, effective, coherent, and efficient." - The external evaluation (covering June 2018 to April 2021) identified seven main areas for adjustments to improve relevance, effectiveness, impact, sustainability, coherence, and efficiency; the IMF’s response will inform execution of D4D-II. - Following a review of its capacity development (CD) strategy, the IMF will move toward a change management approach to CD delivery, fostering better country ownership for sustainability and impact, particularly in low-capacity environments. ### Expected outcomes and persistent challenges - By the end of D4D-I, most outcomes of the D4D Fund strategic log frame are expected to be fully or largely achieved. - LLMICs have shown encouraging progress across workstreams, resulting in improved coverage, timeliness, and quality of: real sector statistics (RSS), external sector statistics (ESS), financial account statistics (FAS), government finance statistics (GFS), and public sector debt statistics (PSDS). - Persistent challenges include: - lack of strong political drive for statistics; - weak institutional and legal frameworks governing national statistical systems; - high staff turnover leading to depletion of institutional knowledge and capacity; - lack of source data; - slow or inadequate data management reforms. ### Strategic and operational framework for D4D-II - D4D-II will integrate lessons learned from D4D-I and adapt CD delivery to evolving demands, modalities, and technologies. - The strategic log frame for D4D-II has adopted the IMF’s results-based management (RBM) catalogue launched in 2021 to allow easier monitoring and evaluation of CD delivery outcomes and results. - Each individual CD project will have its own project-level log frame, with objectives, outcomes, and verifiable indicators drawn from the IMF’s RBM catalog; IMF staff will actively monitor country progress and update individual project log frames semi-annually. ### Objectives and scope of D4D-II - D4D-II will continue to support eligible countries in strengthening national statistical systems to address existing and new demands and to promote transparency and accountability. - D4D-II will remain the main thematic fund financing non-RCDC statistics CD activities, with the ultimate objective of better informing policies and supporting monitoring of the SDGs. - The D4D Fund scope will continue to finance statistics CD in core macroeconomic and financial statistics and will be expanded to include: - data standards; - environmental and climate change statistics; - promoting the use of data for decision making. ### Statistical gaps and demand drivers (LLMICs) - While debt vulnerabilities are a policy issue, "72 percent of LLMICs do not disseminate public debt statistics; and 54 percent do not report quarterly external debt statistics." - Many countries have delayed GDP rebasing and are not yet compiling quarterly GDP. - Key constraint: access to primary/source data for producing macroeconomic statistics. - Increasing availability of digitized administrative data from government agencies and primary data from private firms (at cost or free) offers opportunities to enhance macroeconomic accounts. - Big Data sources are characterized by the "3Vs": high volume, high velocity, and high variety; they require specific technologies and skills to transform into usable primary data for macroeconomic statistics and policy-relevant climate indicators. - Supporting the use of Big Data in the IMF is one of six priorities of the IMF’s Overarching Strategy on Data and Statistics (adopted in 2018). ### Data transparency, dissemination, and SDMX - D4D-II envisages a broad data dissemination workstream to assist countries in setting up more timely and efficient dissemination of key macroeconomic and financial data, including dissemination on National Summary Data Pages (NSDPs). - Workstream focus includes data modeling in Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) to create machine-to-machine readable datasets and leveraging free SDMX community software tools with bespoke solutions calibrated to country IT capacity. - The workstream will include SDMX refresher training for e-GDDS participants and support for SDDS subscribers to adopt SDMX as recommended in the IMF’s Tenth Review of the Data Standards. ### Environmental and climate change statistics - D4D-II will cover a CD program to assist countries in developing environmental and climate change statistics targeted to specific climate challenges and national priorities. - The program will build on STA’s current work with pilot countries under the "Swiss Economic Cooperation Organization Transformative Statistics Agenda – Environment and Climate Change Statistics Capacity Development Program" and will be integrated with support under the IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). ### Modalities of CD delivery under D4D-II - D4D-II will leverage a mix of CD modalities adapted to country circumstances and absorption capacities: - TA mission: targeted, topic-specific hands-on missions; may complement 24 STA long-term experts (LTXs). Follow-up missions may be in-person or virtual. - Multi-country training: structured workshops targeted to groups of countries; participants from non-D4D eligible countries may participate provided they do not exceed ten percent of total participants (applicable only for in-person training). - Single country training: considered in exceptional circumstances for FCS and LLMICs where CD needs are acute and absorption capacity is lower. - Continuous engagement: permanent feature to maintain engagement between missions and reinforce agreement on targeted results before project commencement; supports shift toward change management approach. - Online learning: further development of the D4D-I curriculum, updating courses to reflect statistical standards, and development of additional shorter targeted courses (e.g., SDMX, international trade in goods and services, informal economy, environmental and climate change); production of short videos to highlight policy relevance of specific indicators. - Blended learning: use of multilingual online material from Module 3 to supplement synchronous training with asynchronous components to counter high staff turnover and create homogeneity in participants’ knowledge. - Long-term experts (LTXs): stationing LTXs where sustained field presence helps countries reach expected statistical development results; approach relevant for regions with many FCS. ### New modular structure (five modules) - D4D-II will retain D4D-I’s modular structure with stronger integration across modules. CD activities will be delivered through five modules: - Module 1: address data needs to empower policymaking in fiscal, external, and real sector (national accounts, HFIs, and prices). - Module 2: sustain and expand the FAS database (geographic coverage, data disaggregation, thematic scope). - Module 3: build on the 12-course curriculum developed and made available in English, French, and Spanish during D4D-I. - Module 4: support IMF’s Data Standards Initiatives for data transparency and expand support for SDMX adoption for data standards, dissemination, and use. - Module 5: support countries in producing policy-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. ### Module 1 — Key enhancements and RBM outcomes - Module 1 remains the largest program component with key enhancements: - Recasting the ESS submodule along statistical product lines and expanding coverage to include new datasets. - Expanding the RPPI workstream under real sector statistics to include other relevant price measures important for macro-financial and macroeconomic analysis. - Module 1 will cover CD tailored to addressing source data gaps, including the use of Big Data, and support adoption of updates to international methodological standards. - Table 1. Results-Based Management Outcomes for Module 1 (as presented in the program document): - Fiscal & Public Debt Statistics: GFS | PSDS - External Sector Statistics: BOP/IIP | EDS | Other - Real Sector Statistics: HFI | NIP | Prices - RBM Outcomes (checkmarks indicate expected outcome per sub-area): - Staff capacity increased: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - Source data adequate: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) - Methodological standards/guidelines adopted: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) √ (EDS) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) - Data periodicity, timeliness, and consistency improved: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - Data and metadata accessibility improved: √ (GFS) √ (PSDS) √ (BOP/IIP) - New dataset compiled and disseminated: √ (BOP/IIP) √ (EDS) √ (Other) √ (HFI) √ (NIP) √ (Prices) *Source: D4D-II Proposal and Annex III program document (IMF).* ### 25. Demand for timely fiscal and public debt data has increased globally amid rising public ### Demand for timely fiscal and public debt data has increased globally amid rising public debt vulnerabilities ### Public debt transparency and PSDS (Public Sector Debt Statistics) - Finding: Debt accumulation in LLMICs has outpaced economic growth over the last decade (World Bank, 2023), raising concerns about these countries’ capacity to service their debt and fears of future debt crises. - Finding: Accumulation of debt by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and associated contingent liabilities, together with tightening global financial conditions, natural disasters, political instability/conflict, and fragility, heighten the risk of debt distress in LLMICs. - Problem: Data gaps hinder accurate assessments of public debt risks and vulnerabilities. - Rationale: Availability of high-frequency, accurate and comprehensive GFS and PSDS reduces information asymmetry and enables closer monitoring of risks, analysis of vulnerabilities, and associated spillovers. - Initiative: The Data Adequacy Assessment for Surveillance (DAA) is a key element of the framework for Data Provision to the IMF for Surveillance Purposes to ensure high-quality data for economic analysis and policy advice. - Constraints: Increasing debt transparency requires closing significant country data gaps and addressing adverse incentives; a global compact is needed. - Program activity: A two-year project, funded by the Government of Japan and launched in May 2024, will conduct qualitative assessments of PSDS in selected African countries to support authorities in prioritizing actions to improve public debt transparency. - CD (capacity development) delivery: Continue to support countries in developing institutional and staff capacities to collect, compile, and disseminate GFS and PSDS fit for purpose; CD will be coordinated closely with RCDCs and target outcomes identified in Table 1 (Annex II strategic log frame). *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### External Sector Statistics (ESS) submodule - Context: Rising uncertainties, geo-political tensions, and more complex trade and investment relations heighten demand for timely data to monitor global finance and trade. - Role of ESS: Essential for analyzing external sector developments and exposures, including size and composition of trade in goods and services, financial transactions with the rest of the world, international asset and liability positions, external liquidity, and debt. - Challenge: Compilation issues evolve with structural shifts and financial innovation; Big Data and alternative data sources offer new monitoring avenues but introduce new methodological demands. - Standard update: BPM7 (Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, seventh edition) is expected to be released in 2025 and will create new challenges for compilers, addressing measurement issues related to globalization and digitalization. - Capacity constraint: There are only three ESS advisors who currently cover less than a quarter of D4D-eligible countries. - Submodule objectives and outputs: - Increase number of countries compiling and disseminating IIP, external debt statistics, and the international reserve and foreign currency liquidity template. - Increase participation in the IMF’s coordinated direct investment survey (CDIS) and coordinated portfolio investment survey (CPIS). - Help authorities compile and disseminate an integrated IIP statement to be introduced under BPM7. - Submodule support actions: - Address staff capacity to compile ESS. - Ensure data sources and statistical techniques are adequate and sound. - Support adoption of methodological standards (including BPM7), guidelines, and good practices. - Improve periodicity, timeliness, and consistency of datasets (including internal consistency and coherence with other macroeconomic datasets). - Strengthen data and metadata accessibility. - CD modalities: Single-country TA missions and multi-country training, complemented by blended learning, continuous engagement, and, subject to D4D-II resources, long-term resident advisors where sustained support is needed. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### Real Sector Statistics submodule — Workstream: High-Frequency Indicators (HFIs) - Rationale: HFIs provide timelier snapshots of economic activity than quarterly/annual data, aiding short-term decision-making, identifying cycles, and serving as early warning systems. - Scope of support: - Assist countries to develop or enhance HFIs, ranging from using new data sources (including Big Data) to disseminating headline indicators of economic growth. - Help identify and utilize source data and implement internationally accepted standards and good practices for compiling HFIs. - Build procedures to ingest, organize, validate, clean, impute data, and maintain databases as key initial steps. - Align aggregate measures of activity with international standards. - Enhancements: Rebasing, expanding scope/coverage, improving source data, improving compilation and analytical methods, and improving timeliness. - Nontraditional data: Explore opportunities to process Big Data sources to produce HFIs, recognizing differences in acquisition, management, processing, and compilation relative to traditional official statistics. - CD delivery: Country missions and regional trainings; multi-year projects expected to build required capacity in many LLMICs. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### Real Sector Statistics submodule — Workstream: Source Data and National Accounts - Importance: GDP data are critical inputs for monetary and fiscal policy and as references for many policy-relevant benchmarks. - Objective: Improve national accounts by enhancing content, collection, and processing of source data and integrating these into the national accounting framework. - Expected improvements: Better coverage and accuracy of GDP, gross national income, household incomes, national savings, and other macroeconomic indicators; improved quality and comparability of SDG indicators, debt indicators, and other macro-critical indicators used in IMF surveillance/lending and policy decisions. - Key activities: - Better use of and increased access to administrative data and Big Data. - Redesigned household and business surveys. - Development and update of business registers. - Improved measurement of the informal economy and recording of the digital economy. - Note: The D4D Fund does not finance country-based source data collection programs; STA will coordinate with other development partners supporting national statistical systems. - Benchmarking and rebasing: - International good practice recommends benchmark revisions and rebasing every five years. - Only ten percent of LLMICs have a national accounts base year consistent with international best practice of less than or equal to five years old. - Delays in rebasing have led to large GDP revisions: in 2014, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia completed rebasing exercises leading to significant revaluations—Nigeria’s then-latest (2013) GDP nearly doubled; Tanzania’s grew by a third; Kenya’s and Zambia’s increased by a quarter; Uganda’s rose by 13 percent. - Current deficits: - Forty-one percent of LLMICs do not yet produce quarterly national accounts. - Eleven percent do not compile GDP by expenditure. - A significant share of LLMICs do not produce regular supply and use tables. - Near-term focus: - Improve source data and methods underpinning national accounts to support benchmark revisions/rebasing and sustained improvements in economic statistics. - Integrate use of administrative and Big Data, business register updates, survey redesigns, informal economy measurement, and digital economy recording into benchmark revisions/rebasing consistent with international standards. - Strengthen statistical work programs to help countries implement SNA 2008 and the future SNA 2025 (covering digitalization, well-being and sustainability, globalization, communications, financial issues, and informal economy). - Phasing: CD for advanced sectoral accounts will be phased in as more countries meet near-term milestones; sectoral accounts add granularity for analyzing flows between sectors and balance sheet-based vulnerabilities. - CD modalities: Bilateral country missions and regional training courses; blended learning where appropriate; coordination with RCDCs. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### Real Sector Statistics submodule — Workstream: Price Statistics - Role: Price statistics underpin policymaking for inflation, financial stability, and economic growth; headline inflation, spillover analysis, and volume measures rely on broad quality price statistics beyond CPI. - CPI support: - Update item baskets and outlet samples to reflect changing expenditure patterns. - Expand geographic and population coverage. - Incorporate new alternative sources of price data where requested. - PPI and XMPI support: - Assist development of new Producer Price Indices (PPIs) and Export-Import Price Indices (XMPIs) where absent. - Update weights and samples of existing indices. - Expand coverage, with particular attention to monitoring prices in the services sector. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### 53. RPPIs, Commercial Property Price Indices (CPPIs), and other indicators of real estate ### d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document - 53. RPPIs, Commercial Property Price Indices (CPPIs), and other indicators of real estate ### Real estate price indices and capacity development - Rapid increases in property prices may indicate asset bubbles that increase vulnerabilities in the financial system; rapid decreases in property prices could signal an impending recession as households and businesses cut consumption and investment. - RPPIs, CPPIs, and other real estate market indicators are critical inputs for macroprudential policy design and for evaluating monetary policy transmission. - D4D-II will support countries to: - develop new RPPIs and CPPIs where these are not currently compiled; and - improve coverage and incorporate new and updated data sources for currently compiled series. - Countries require a basic understanding of standards and methodologies and capacity to undertake a demanding multi-year project; the strategic log frame (Annex II) includes quantifiable indicators measuring progress toward the objective. - Delivery modalities: - combination of bilateral country missions and regional training courses; - blended learning incorporating online CPI, PPI, XMPI courses and the forthcoming RPPI course; - in-person training retained for engagement, sharing experiences, and identifying bilateral TA demand. ### Module 2 – Financial Access Survey (FAS): objectives and priorities - Module 2 will remain broadly unchanged but the FAS questionnaire will be expanded to extend coverage of fintech and gender-disaggregated data based on an ongoing pilot data collection. - The module will include targeted TA in addition to regional training workshops, shaped by country requests and recommendations of the FAS Advisory Group. - Core objectives for the FAS under D4D-II: - Improve the quality of data reported to the FAS, addressing issues such as double counting in depositors and borrowers and proper reporting of gender-disaggregated data, with emphasis on D4D-eligible countries. - Expand coverage of the FAS database in content and reporting, including better coverage of fintech and gender-disaggregated data and increasing the number of data reporters and reported data series. - Increase usage of FAS for policymaking and policy-relevant research by policymakers, analysts, researchers, and international financial institutions; strengthen user-focused outreach. - Planned activities to achieve objectives: - Enhanced data production process: - strengthen technical validations and introduce qualitative validations using other data sources (e.g., Findex); - enhance metadata reporting; - explore alternative data sources to complement supply-side data, including information on financial inclusion policies. - Workshops and webinars: - continue regional FAS workshops and webinars with increased emphasis on data usage and methodology clarification for new topics (e.g., fintech); - consider thematic webinars (e.g., gender) and asynchronous learning elements. - Country-specific TA: - provide virtual and in-person TA for low-capacity countries to clarify methodological issues and support smooth reporting; - pilot a small number of virtual TA missions and potentially mainstream FAS TA after pilots; - use continuous engagement modality for remote technical assistance. - Improved outreach and engagement: - make the FAS platform more user-friendly, generate more indicators for financial inclusion policymaking, and highlight policy-oriented research using FAS data; - systematically engage users and strengthen monitoring of FAS usage (internally within the IMF and externally), including applying text analysis/machine learning to IMF publications; - continue the annual publication FAS Developments and Trends and prepare additional policy-relevant analytical pieces; - organize roadshows for internal (IMF) and external audiences to increase FAS visibility. - Coordination and partnerships: - increase collaboration with the World Bank’s Findex team (including benchmarking supply- and demand-side data) and explore collaboration with CGAP, the Alliance for Financial Inclusion, and the Women’s Finance Forum. ### Module 3 – Online learning updates - Online foundational courses developed in D4D-I will be aligned to the upcoming SNA and BPM revisions in 2025: - BOP/IIP online course will be updated to reflect changes introduced in BPM7. - External debt statistics course will be updated and include modules supporting user impact analysis. - Develop additional short courses on policy-relevant concepts (examples given: international trade in goods and services, international reserves and integrated IIP, SDMX and NSDPs), produce user-oriented short videos, and translate the curriculum into additional languages (examples given: Russian, Arabic) to increase reach, particularly to FCS and to facilitate blended learning. - New online courses will support blended learning by providing basic conceptual understanding during asynchronous phases. ### Module 4 – Data dissemination and use: structure and aims - Module 4 focuses on data dissemination and use and comprises three submodules: - Submodule 1: continue engagement on the DSI to enhance data transparency as a global public good (builds on current Japan-funded project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries to end in June 2025). - Submodule 2: assist countries’ migration to SDMX as a dissemination tool under the DSI and implement enhanced SDMX usage processes. - Submodule 3: focus on data use to strengthen capacity development impact monitoring (in response to the D4D-I external evaluation). ### Data Standards submodule: objectives, scope, and expected benefits - Objective: enhance data transparency in a selection of the 85 target countries to better inform global policymaking, reduce crisis risks, and enhance public accountability; focus on D4D-eligible countries. - Eligibility and participation figures (preserved exactly as stated): - As of now, 24 countries are eligible for launching a NSDP under e-GDDS, while 44 e-GDDS countries are eligible to advance to the SDDS, and 17 SDDS countries are eligible to advance to SDDS Plus (Annex III). - Overall, 112 IMF member countries are participants in the e-GDDS (of which 73 have NSDPs), 47 in the SDDS, and 31 in SDDS Plus. - The DSI tiers and roles: - e-GDDS (first tier, also a development tool), SDDS (second tier), SDDS Plus (third tier) with ascending requirements on data coverage, periodicity, and timeliness. - Participants publish key economic data through an NSDP—a centralized, machine-readable “data portal”—with IMF monitoring. - Expected CD outputs and benefits: - support countries to implement e-GDDS by publishing data on NSDPs, help e-GDDS countries advance to SDDS, and assist SDDS subscribers to advance to SDDS Plus; - improve governance of data production and dissemination, reduce reporting burden, strengthen interagency coordination, and foster greater accountability of economic policies; - linkages with other modules (e.g., Module 1 reserves template needed for SDDS subscription). - Delivery methods: - e-GDDS/SDDS missions (two-person IMF teams focusing on data standards/policy and technology for dissemination), peer-learning workshops demonstrating country experiences and action-plan development, and remote assistance including virtual training and performance monitoring. - Synergies with IMF surveillance: - alignment between the 15 encouraged data categories in the e-GDDS and the Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance used in Article IV consultations; advancing through tiers builds on these 15 data categories. - Intended broader impacts: - reliable public access to comprehensive macroeconomic and financial statistics in machine-readable formats improves usability by market participants, researchers, and policymakers and supports financial market functioning and policy accountability. ### SDMX submodule: modernization, automation, and outreach - Objective: foster more timely dissemination of key macroeconomic and financial data, including through automated NSDP updates, and address technical barriers to efficient data transmission. - Rationale: - development of statistics alone is insufficient; statistical authorities need modern dissemination practices and tools so data are discovered, understood, and used by policymakers, researchers, and citizens. - modern dissemination reduces reporting burden through automated machine-to-machine processes and improves timeliness, accessibility, and usability. - Current status and challenges: - 73 e-GDDS countries (of which 42 are LLMICs) post data in machine-readable SDMX format on their NSDPs; many national agencies have limited IT infrastructures that do not well support data dissemination. - Outdated practices such as dissemination via PDF remain widespread and limit accessibility and usability of data. - Activities and partnerships: - expand assistance for SDMX implementation beyond NSDP creation to promote modern dissemination practices, processing system modernization, common tool use, multi-language support, and fully automated recurring processes including validation, dissemination, and exchange; - leverage regional collaborations (example given: AfDB hosting NSDPs on its Open Data Platform in Africa) to provide dissemination functionalities for agencies with limited IT infrastructures. - Expected outcomes: - more efficient data collection and exchange, reduced technical barriers to data transmission to the IMF and other international organizations, and broader use of official data supporting IMF surveillance and lending databases. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### 71. The overarching objective of CD for data dissemination is to assist countries in employing ### d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document - 71. The overarching objective of CD for data dissemination is to assist countries in employing ### Data dissemination submodule (SDMX and modern dissemination) - Overarching objective: assist countries in employing modern dissemination practices and tools so data are discovered, understood, and used by policymakers, researchers, and citizens. - Expected outcomes: - Reduce use of suboptimal dissemination channels. - Promote more timely, efficient, and less burdensome dissemination. - Increase data accessibility and usability. - Emphasis and capacity building: - Increase capacity for data modeling as the enabling skillset for compilers to prepare SDMX-compliant data. - Enable compilers and disseminators to design, operationalize, and update presentation in human and machine-readable formats. - Provide advice on selection and implementation of tools based on assessment of existing IT infrastructures. - SDMX support tiers: - (i) Provide SDMX refresher training courses for e-GDDS participants. - (ii) Support SDDS subscribers to adopt SDMX. - (iii) Assist countries to integrate innovative dissemination processes by offering an ecosystem of free software tools developed by the SDMX community, calibrated to existing IT infrastructures and capacity. - Training and delivery modalities: - Regional workshops for hands-on SDMX implementation to identify demand and readiness. - Peer-learning and STA plans to work with selected countries across several regions to achieve early successes. - Bilateral TA to consolidate learning on data modeling and operationalizing dissemination techniques. - A bilateral engagement could involve two to three missions, of which at least one would be delivered remotely. - Foundational SDMX training provided via online training curriculum (Module 3). - Regional partnerships: - Africa: workshops and bilateral missions in collaboration with the AfDB using its ODP 2.0 platform (includes NSDP updating capabilities and flexible roles for national authorities or AfDB). - STA will seek partnerships with other international and regional agencies supporting enhanced SDMX implementation or data dissemination more generally. ### Data use submodule (impact measurement) - Purpose: Strengthen CD impact monitoring by assessing and measuring the use of data in decision making. - Implementation approach: - Dedicate some funding to assessing/measuring use of data in decision making (as recommended in the external evaluation of D4D-I). - Integrate user outreach initiatives into CD delivery operations under Modules 1, 2 and 5. - Undertake CD impact-measuring activities through a variety of modalities to gauge use of data in policymaking. - Application: - Less relevant for core macroeconomic statistics; more suitable for new statistical products (e.g., RPPI, HFIs) and enhancements yielding more granular/timely statistics. ### Module 5 – Environmental and climate change statistics (scope and objectives) - Rationale: Timely and quality data are key for informed decision-making on climate action. - Program aims: - Support countries in developing macro-relevant environmental and climate indicators that are consistent, internationally comparable, harmonized with economic and financial statistical frameworks, and adaptable to country needs. - Mainstream production of macro-relevant environmental and climate data into regular statistical production processes for reliable, coherent, and accessible data for reporting, policymaking, and public accountability. - Improve links between data producers and users to ensure policy relevance and address micro and macro data gaps. - Methodology and standards work: - Draw on DGI-3 to support LLMICs in developing macro-relevant climate indicators. - Use IMF convening power to foster inter-agency collaboration, ownership, and use of environmental and climate change statistics at country level. - STA is working with countries and international organizations under the G-20 DGI-3 to develop methodology and templates; inputs will feed updates to statistical standards including GFSM, MFS, SEEA Central Framework, and COFOG. - Implementable statistics with existing standards: - Energy and Air Emissions Accounts (based on SEEA) link energy and air emission supply and use to economic activities and economic instruments (e.g., taxes, expenditures, subsidies); applicable for tracking progress toward Net Zero Goals and assessing impact of climate-relevant fiscal measures. - Implementation aligned with STA CD in national accounts, BOP and GFS. ### Big Data and innovation for climate statistics - Role of Big Data: - Use Big Data techniques to help data-poor countries leverage open geospatial datasets and climate models to estimate macro-critical indicators. - Example use: physical risk indicators combining hazards, exposures, and vulnerability to inform policymakers on risks to populations, the economy, buildings and structures, and financial markets. - Combine spatially explicit global datasets with national/regional data on vulnerabilities to support adaptation policy and resilient infrastructure investment. ### Module 5 components and deliverables - Module 5 will: - (i) Guide eligible countries to strengthen statistical systems for macro-relevant environmental and climate statistics. - (ii) Help LLMICs to use Big Data, leveraging open geospatial datasets and climate models to obtain estimates of macro-critical indicators. - (iii) Support integration of environment and climate-related statistics into existing macroeconomic frameworks. - (iv) Address data gaps for energy, air emissions, government revenues, expenditures, and financing. - (v) Equip country authorities with climate finance and climate risk-related statistics identifying challenges to financial stability. - (vi) Facilitate building institutional frameworks to establish data governance for environmental and climate change data in select countries. - Integration with updated economic frameworks: - Contribute to implementation of updated SNA and BPM measures extending economic measurement to sustainability and natural capital, including physical flow accounts (energy and air emission accounts, material flow accounts, water accounts) and fiscal measures. - Support is timely given upcoming updates to GFSM, MFS, and SEEA Central Framework. ### Climate-fiscal statistics and climate finance data - Rationale: Rising debt and competing development needs necessitate data to evaluate fiscal measures and financing for climate policy. - Targeted CD support: - Address data gaps on government revenues, expenditure measures, and financing related to carbon pricing and tax incentives, green public investment and subsidies, targeted transfers, and green financing needs (public debt and multilateral support). - Support climate-fiscal statistics to evaluate risks and design cost-efficient, fiscally sustainable climate policies. - Climate finance and climate risk statistics: - Aim to boost expertise in climate finance data, enabling countries to understand methodologies, access reliable data sources, develop indicators, and produce/disseminate key climate finance statistics (e.g., green debt securities and loans) on a regular basis. - Address methodology on climate risk analysis with special focus on transition risks to the financial sector and financial stability. - Strengthen analytical capabilities to assess and mitigate climate-related risks and safeguard financial stability and resilience. ### Institutional and governance challenges; capacity building - Main challenges: - Lack of institutional framework for coordination and data sharing among multiple agencies using differing definitions, classifications, and not following quality standards. - Insufficient technical capacity in some institutions to mainstream climate in macroeconomic statistics and inadequate data/information sharing policies in many LLMICs. - STA approach: - Partner with countries with advanced expertise in building institutional frameworks to assist LLMICs in improving coordination and establishing data governance for environmental and climate change statistical programs. - Delivery modalities: - Training and workshops delivered in-person, virtual, and blended formats. - Stand-alone strategic log frame to monitor Module 5 progress; CD activities mapped to Module 1 and Module 4 and to financial sector statistics on climate change and climate risk. ### Country eligibility and selection - Eligibility framework: - D4D-II eligibility criteria will be the same as D4D-I, focusing on LLMICs and FCS. - Selection for D4D-funded projects aims to maximize CD outcomes per the strategic log frame. - A country will receive assistance if approved by the SC and remain eligible for follow-up assistance. - Selection and project design guided by: - Country ownership: demand-driven CD based on authorities’ requests and commitment to implement reforms; track record in implementing past IMF TA advice considered. - Absorption capacity: availability of sufficient human resources to implement TA recommendations. - Relevance: priority to countries/projects linked to authorities’ reform agenda, supporting IMF surveillance and/or lending, and the D4D Fund strategic log frame. - Complementarities: coordination with World Bank and other CD agencies to design work plans and sequence CD support. - Proposed eligibility expansions and transition arrangements: - Maintain engagement with countries initially in the LLMIC group if they leave the grouping during the phase. - Make permanent expansion eligibility for non-LLMICs that are within a ten percent range from the LLMIC ceiling. - Expand D4D eligibility to non-LLMIC countries on a case-by-case basis, preferably at program level, but at least for Module 4 (data dissemination) and Module 5 (environmental and climate change statistics). - If any LLMIC has an incomplete project at the end of D4D-I, the project would transition to D4D-II even if the country classification is no longer an LLMIC. ### Integration and coordination with IMF surveillance and programs - Integration principles: - CD under D4D-II will continue to be fully integrated with IMF surveillance and lending activities. - CD activities will be considered in policy advice during Article IV consultations and in design of structural benchmarks and reform measures in IMF lending programs in D4D-recipient countries. - CD activities will inform Country Engagement Strategies in FCS. - Operational coordination: - IMF surveillance and lending will guide and update CD priorities and encourage implementation of CD advice. - TA work plans will be designed in close consultation with IMF Area Departments and take account of the DAA. - The relationship between CD and surveillance/lending will be reflected in project proposals and annual reports submitted to the SC. - Greater flexibility will be considered regarding CD prioritization, design, and delivery to respond to country needs and circumstances. *Source: IMF D4D-II program document.* ### 91. CD prioritization and delivery would be consistent with the existing IMF strategies and ### D4D-II Program Document — Capacity Development Prioritization, Integration, Governance, Work Plan, and Budget ### CD Prioritization and Delivery - CD prioritization and delivery would be consistent with the existing IMF strategies and guidelines, principles as well as reviews recommendations. - CD will be tailored to respond to local circumstances and absorptive capacity of individual countries; their eligibility for IMF lending and surveillance programs; and the extent to which the priority aligns with the overarching D4D Fund objectives. ### Integration with Other IMF CD Work - D4D-funded activities will be designed to complement other IMF CD delivered by RCDCs or under other TA initiatives. - Project managers will maintain close contacts with the RCDCs and IMF area department teams to ensure coordination of all IMF CD efforts. - Collaboration examples: - Government finance and public debt workstreams may entail integrated work plans with the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department. - Improving gender data disaggregation for financial inclusion may require collaboration with the IMF’s Monetary and the Capital Markets Department. - STA’s development of climate indicators is already benefitting from collaboration with the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs and Monetary and Capital Markets Departments. ### Coordination with Other CD Providers - CD delivery under D4D-II of the D4D Fund will be closely coordinated with other development partners, whenever possible. - Coordination with the World Bank will occur within current IMF-World Bank coordination mechanisms, including periodic meetings and STA peer reviewing of new World Bank statistics projects. - Project managers will maintain contacts with other statistics CD providers active in each beneficiary country (UN, regional development banks, bilateral government institutions, sub-regional organizations such as SADC, MEFMI, WAIFEM, WAEMU, and specialized agencies such as PARIS21 or AFRISTAT) to avoid duplication, optimize cross-fertilization, and leverage relative strengths. - Coordination with the AfDB: - The AfDB offers the ODP to all African countries, providing high-level data security, a dashboard to visualize NSDP data, and download capabilities via several applications and visualization tools. - The ODP is part of the “Africa Information Highway” initiative providing free IT infrastructure for NSDP dissemination and access. - AfDB staff, with AfDB funding, join all e-GDDS missions for African countries to provide ODP training and attend all workshops on data dissemination for AfDB members to support the IMF team. ### Governance Structure - Governance arrangements largely mirror D4D-I: The Steering Committee (SC) is the overarching governing body of the D4D Fund. - SC composition and operations: - SC will be composed of partner representatives and IMF staff. - A partner representative will chair the SC, with chairpersonship rotating among partners on an annual basis. - IMF staff will serve as the Secretariat to the SC. - SC meetings will be held semi-annually in June (hybrid) and January (virtual only). - The World Bank will be invited as an observer; potential new partners may be invited as observers on a no-objection basis from SC members. - IMF staff will ensure a regular flow of information between SC meetings and consult with the SC as necessary. - The SC will provide strategic guidance and endorse rolling 18-month work plans. - The IMF staff will prepare an annual report for discussion at the SC meeting in June. - The IMF will continue a demand-driven approach to work plan design. ### Results Framework, Monitoring, and Evaluation - Objectives of D4D-II will be presented in a strategic log frame to measure and monitor results at module, submodule, and workstream levels. - The log frame will build on the RBM catalogue developed following the IMF’s CDMAP, use SMART indicators, and reflect recommendations from the external evaluation of D4D-I. - Reporting: - Project log frames will be updated annually and report results at project and aggregated strategic levels. - The program will be monitored through a strategic results framework (Annex II) with program objectives, outcomes, and indicators to monitor progress across the project portfolio. - Modular-level indicators will aggregate project results within respective modules. - Individual projects will have comprehensive logical frameworks aligned with the D4D-II strategic results framework, module outcomes, and CDMAP. - Outcomes will be assessed using verifiable indicators measured from a baseline state to a target state, through intermediate milestones. - External evaluation: - D4D-II will undergo an external evaluation, preferably no later than 40 months after commencement of activities and subject to discussion with D4D Fund partners. - The evaluation will assess effectiveness and sustainability, offer lessons learned and recommendations, and inform CD design and delivery for the remainder of the five-year phase. - The evaluation is expected to take place in IMF FY 2028, subject to a satisfactory rate of execution of CD activities. ### Program Management and Change Management - The D4D Fund will be managed by a dedicated STA staff team comprising a Program Manager and several project managers. - The Program Manager, based in STA’s Resource Management Division, will oversee project managers’ activities, integrate CD activity, budgeting, and strategic log frame aspects, prepare and update the work plan, facilitate coordination (internal and external), provide guidance on D4D Fund policies and procedures, liaise with SC members, and ensure high-quality reporting to the SC. - Each project manager, based in STA topical divisions, will develop, manage, and report on work plans at workstream level in consultation with stakeholders. - Change management: - D4D-II will adopt a more robust change management approach as recommended by the external evaluation of D4D-I. - Assessments will include operational capacity of authorities (staffing, organization, roles, responsibilities) before TA implementation and adapting projects to changes in absorptive capacity. - Continual assessment of risk factors and mitigation measures will be pursued (see Annex V). - Project managers will report progress in individual project log frames; the Program Manager will monitor progress against strategic log frame objectives. ### Work Plan and Project Selection - Projects will be initiated in the context of a rolling 18-month work plan requiring SC approval during its annual meeting. - Project selection and TA delivery will be demand-driven based on identified needs and country requests. - IMF area departments will play a vital role in identifying where eligible member countries would benefit most. - TA prioritization criteria: country needs, authorities’ commitment to implement recommendations, distribution across regions and modules, and coordination with other development partners. - At each SC meeting, the IMF will report on progress and submit a new work plan for endorsement. ### Communication and Dissemination Policies - Communication objectives: enhance public profile and partner visibility. - Communication channels include (but are not limited to): the IMF’s main webpage; a dedicated D4D Fund website; the IMF’s X and LinkedIn accounts dedicated to CD and Data; STA’s CD Reports and other targeted publications; outreach events including CD Talks during IMF-World Bank Annual and Spring meetings; and IMF press releases. - Partners will be systematically recognized in outreach activities with explicit acknowledgement online and in publications. - Dissemination policies: - Country-specific TA documents guided by the IMF’s transparency policies. - TA reports not published may be shared with SC members with consent of the TA recipient; consent deemed given if the TA recipient does not object within 30 days from the TA report’s transmittal letter. - Sharing TA reports with non-SC development partners determined case-by-case based on need to know and with consent of the TA recipient. - The IMF will continue to encourage D4D-recipient countries to publish TA reports and High-Level Summaries (HLS). ### Financing: Budget Overview and Key Figures - Program coverage: five years (May 2025-April 2030) with an estimated program budget of US$45 million. - The increase from US$33.1 million in D4D-I largely reflects broadening of the scope of work. - Budgetary assumptions and design notes: - Modules 1-2 will remain broadly within the same budget envelope range as for D4D-I in nominal terms. - Stationing of one resident advisor for the duration of D4D-II is factored into Module 1 budget. - Level of TA missions will remain similar to D4D-I; broader country eligibility will not result in higher costs as only a selection of countries will receive TA in each work plan cycle. - Widening blended learning will reduce travel-related costs. - Online learning curriculum under Module 3 will be a slightly smaller program compared to D4D-I. - Module 4 (Data Dissemination and Use) focuses on fostering data use and transparency through global data dissemination standards and builds on progress from the Japan-funded Project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (commenced 2021); includes user impact analysis integration into CD operations. - Module 5 (Environmental and Climate Change Statistics) builds on lessons from a Switzerland-funded pilot project (commenced 2023) targeting ten countries. - Support for tapping new data sources through Big Data to augment scope and timeliness of statistical programs and/or support new programs (for example in environmental and climate change statistics). - Fundraising: additional fundraising will be pursued to bring new contributors to D4D-II given increased scope and resource needs. ### Budget Table Highlights (as presented) - Program-level estimate (in US$) by fiscal year and totals (extracted exactly as presented): - Total (row entry as presented): 4 2,103,099 - 7% TFM Fees (annual): 626,675; 557,361; 575,975; 593,886; 593,321; total 2,947,217 - Total (including 7% TFM) (annual): 9,579,170; 8,519,654; 8,804,187; 9,077,966; 9,069,339; total 45,050,316 - Module and program component totals (as presented): - Module 1 - Addressing Data Needs to Empower Policymaking total: 20,681,444 - Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics total: 8,272,578 - External Sector Statistics total: 5,170,361 - Real Sector Statistics total: 7,238,505 - Module 2 - Financial Access Survey total: 3,519,284 - Module 3 - Online Learning total: 5,377,364 - Module 4 - Data Dissemination and Use total: 5,152,513 - Data Standards total: 3,606,759 - SDMX total: 1,288,128 - Data Use total: 257,626 - Module 5 - Environmental and Climate Change Statistics total: 5,817,362 - Program Management total: 1,272,932 - Governance & Evaluation total: 282,200 - Contingency note: contingent on demand for CD services materializing, the IMF’s capacity to execute the work program, and available funding from partners. ### Administrative Arrangements and Financial Management - All partner contributions will be made into the multi-partner D4D Subaccount under the IMF’s Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities. - An operating unit will be established under the Subaccount to receive contributions and finance D4D Fund activities; all funds will be commingled. - Financial arrangements between partners and the IMF will be based on a Letter of Understanding and subject to Subaccount terms and the Selected Fund Activities instrument. - The IMF will administer and account for all partner contributions in accordance with its financial regulations and applicable IMF practices and procedures. - Recruitment of outside consultants and experts will follow IMF normal procedures. - For procurement of goods and services beyond a threshold amount (currently US$50,000), IMF regulations require a competitive bidding process with at least three competitive bids. - The IMF will charge all project-related costs of TA provided under the thematic fund based on actual cost, including IMF staff time to oversee and deliver operations under the instrument. - The IMF charges a trust fund management fee of seven percent. *Source: D4D-II program document — IMF (Annex III content provided).* ### 109. The IMF will provide partners with reports on the Subaccount’s expenditures and ### Annex I. Key Actions Arising from the D4D Fund External Evaluation ### Transparency and accountability for the Subaccount - The IMF will provide partners with reports on the Subaccount’s expenditures and commitments. - The operations and transactions conducted through the Subaccount will be subjected to annual audits. - Separate reporting on the execution of the D4D Fund budget will be provided at each SC meeting and is available on an ongoing basis via the IMF’s partner portal at https://www.imfconnect.org/. ### Governance framework and standards - All IMF subaccounts are governed by Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities adopted in 2009. - Compliance with IMF data standards is now included in D4D-II and would aid project impact and sustainability analysis. - The DAA would support project impact and sustainability analysis. - Stronger push to disseminate high-level summaries and more technical assistance reports on the IMF website. ### Expert roster and procurement - The IMF maintains a roster of international experts whose certification is based on globally established expertise, strong performance records, and proven familiarity with international best practices. - For more on IMF procurement methodologies, see http://www.imf.org/external/np/procure/eng. ### Seven-point recommendations of the D4D Fund external evaluation and IMF Response - The recommendations are listed according to the priority as set out in the external evaluation report. - The IMF Response is adapted and updated from the response presented to the D4D Fund SC Meeting in Oslo Norway in June 2023. 1. Impact and sustainability — Take steps to move from a “CD delivery” to a “change management” approach - IMF CD planning has adopted rolling three-year medium-term work plans that are periodically reviewed and updated. - STA country management practices enhanced to ensure more regular dialogue on medium-term work plans progress and on data usage. - Country ownership of medium-term work plans will be strengthened by engagement with country authorities at an earlier stage. - Absorption capacities will be assessed more frequently, and modalities deployed to help embed and sustain statistical reforms (e.g., more integrated training and TA). - Compilation processes would be documented to mitigate the risks of frequent staff rotation. Resources such as online learning and STA How-to Notes will also be promoted. - New CD delivery modalities will be leveraged to ensure training activities are more oriented to data compilation. - New user-oriented courses will be introduced under D4D-II to complement existing online learning curriculum which includes modules on use of data for policy purposes. - The DAA would support project impact and sustainability analysis. Compliance with IMF data standards (now included in D4D-II) would also aid analysis. 2. Relevance, internal coherence, effectiveness, impact, sustainability — During intervention planning and design, include an explicit requirement to provide a clear needs assessment for data use - Pre-project engagements with the authorities on how potential CD interventions would address data gaps as well as country readiness to embark on a new project to be mainstreamed. - Countries would be encouraged to conduct national user consultations on key statistics projects (e.g., GDP rebasing). - Impact would also be gauged through other IMF channels (such as DAA and Regional Strategy Notes). - A FAS User Advisory Group is to advise on improving the quality, coverage, and outreach of the FAS. 3. Relevance, effectiveness, impact, sustainability — Require a more systematic assessment of ownership and absorption capacity - Diagnostic missions will include use case analysis where feasible; and address more directly, countries’ resource availability and absorptive capacity through engagements with key stakeholders, including both compiling and source data-providing agencies. 4. Impact — Improve impact monitoring and evaluation at the level of data users - Information on the use of data for policy analysis and decisions to draw on user surveys and readily available information in government policy publications. - Specific actions on Module 2 (FAS) are outlined in paragraphs 55-58 of the document. - Data use work program included in Module 4 of D4D-II. 5. External coherence — Enhance coordination and strengthen synergies with other development partners - Coordination with the World Bank on statistical activities exists (e.g., on financial inclusion, PSDS, national accounts, prices, climate); and will be enhanced. - Collaboration with regional partners to be increased, particularly for the new modules in D4D-II. - D4D Fund Annual Reports will feature more systematic reporting on how D4D Fund-supported CD is complementary to those of other development partners. 6. Efficiency and effectiveness — Further tailor the RBM framework to the D4D Fund - To better fit country context, the number of objectives available in the RBM Catalog has expanded; and environmental and climate statistics were added. - Inputs for monitoring and reporting of the strategic log frame of the D4D Fund will be directly drawn from CDMAP, ensuring ratings of outcomes and milestones are properly and timely recorded in CDMAP. - Annual project assessments are a part of the CDMAP deliverables. 7. Efficiency and effectiveness — Continue developing and institutionalizing the blended (online and in-person) CD delivery mode - Blended learning is now an established training delivery modality and will increase as more online training courses are offered in other languages. - Leveraging the online learning curriculum, the blended modality would also be used in TA. - The completion of online (foundational) courses as a precondition for attending in-person workshops and trainings to be phased in. - Hybrid CD delivery to be leveraged to efficiently draw on the expertise of other international/regional organizations to sharpen the focus of training programs. *Source: Annex I, D4D Fund External Evaluation and IMF Response (D4D-II Program Document, IMF).* ### Annex II. D4D-II—Strategic Log Frame ### Annex II. D4D-II—Strategic Log Frame ### D4D Fund’s Strategic Objective - Strengthening national statistical systems to cope with a challenging national and international policy environment, and fostering data transparency and accountability. - All indicators are targeted for completion by the end of the D4D-II five-year period. ### Module 1 — Access to better and more data to empower decision making and enhance public transparency and accountability Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics — Objective 1 (GFS) - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi-country training courses. - Source data and coverage: - At least 15 countries have improved sources and granularity of fiscal data to enable better classifications, consolidation, and compilation of GFS for general government (public sector) and its subsectors. - Methodology and adoption of GFSM 2014: - At least five countries compile and disseminate GFS data following the GFSM 2014 framework, concepts, classifications, and definitions. - At least five countries compile and disseminate functional expenditure transactions data (COFOG) according to the GFSM 2014 guidelines. - At least five countries report increased coverage and scope of institutional sector from Budgetary Central Government (BCG) to General Government (GG) (or public sector including significant SOEs). - At least five countries have developed and/or are implementing a migration plan and timetable to gradually adopt the GFSM 2014 guidelines. - Periodicity, timeliness, and consistency: - At least 15 countries are compiling and disseminating GFS data for BCG/GG sector on quarterly or monthly basis. [GFS data disseminated meet the requirements of e-GDDS/ SDDS]. - At least 15 countries improve the timeliness of data dissemination to the public (shorter delays). - At least 15 countries’ annual and sub-annual GFS data have an acceptable statistical discrepancy between net lending/borrowing versus financial assets and liabilities: [Above and below the line statistical discrepancy is reduced to less than 1 percent of GDP]. - At least 15 countries’ flows data on financial assets and liabilities are reconcilable with changes in stocks: [Stocks-flows statistical discrepancy is reduced to less than 1 percent of GDP]. - Data and metadata accessibility: - At least 15 countries have a comprehensive sources and methods document that is updated regularly (at least twice during the project period). - At least 15 countries’ metadata are publicly available and are regularly updated. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics — Objective 2 (PSDS) - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi-country training courses. - Source data and coverage: - At least eight countries have improved sources and granularity of public debt data to enable better classifications, consolidation, and compilation of PSDS for BCG (or public sector) and its subsectors. - Methodology and standards: - At least 15 countries compile and disseminate PSDS following the PSDSG 2011 framework, concepts, and definitions. - At least five countries report increased debt instruments coverage (including other financial liabilities such as arrears,) and/or contingent liabilities to SOE. - At least five countries report increased institutional sector coverage from BCG to GG sector (or public sector including significant SOEs) in PSDS data. - Periodicity, timeliness, and consistency: - At least ten countries are compiling and disseminating PSDS data for BCG monthly or quarterly. - At least ten countries’ PSDS data published meet the required periodicity and timeliness as per the e-GDDS/ SDDS, or SDDS Plus, and are consistent over time. - At least five countries’ PSDS data are compiled and reported via the Joint IMF-World Bank Quarterly Public Sector Debt (QPSD) database. - Data and metadata accessibility: - At least ten countries have a comprehensive sources and methods document that is updated regularly (at least twice during the project period). - At least ten countries’ metadata are publicly available and are regularly updated. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; IMF CDMAP annual assessment and TA reports; dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases; IMF/World Bank QPSDS database; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports, including Debt Sustainability Analyses. External Sector Statistics — Objective 1 (BOP/IIP) - Source data and coverage: - At least 15 countries develop and utilize new surveys and other source data to improve coverage of direct investment, other sectors coverage, remittances, and informal trade data. - Methodology: - At least ten countries implement or have plans in place to implement BPM7 to compile BOP and IIP. - Periodicity and timeliness: - At least 15 countries are compiling quarterly IIP with timeliness as per the e-GDDS or SDDS, as appropriate. - New datasets: - At least 15 countries are compiling and disseminating integrated IIP statement. - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi-country training courses. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. External Sector Statistics — Objective 2 (Reserve data template) - New dataset: - At least ten additional countries compile and disseminate a monthly international reserve and foreign currency liquidity template. - (As of April 2024, 21 countries compile and report monthly international reserve and foreign currency liquidity). - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. External Sector Statistics — Objective 3 (External debt statistics) - New dataset: - At least 15 countries begin reporting external debt statistics. - (As of April 2024, 39 countries compile and report quarterly EDS). - Methodology improvements: - At least ten countries have improved their statistical methodology as measured by an assessment of classification, valuation, basis for recording, sectorization, overall concepts and definitions, and scope, conducted by STA missions. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, WB Database, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports including Debt Sustainability Analyses. External Sector Statistics — Objectives 4 and 5 (CDIS and CPIS) - CDIS: - At least five eligible countries are added to the IMF’s CDIS. - CPIS: - At least five eligible countries are added to the IMF’s CPIS. Real Sector Statistics — Objective 1 (High-Frequency Indicators, HFIs) - New datasets and indicators: - At least six countries have developed and released one of the following indicators internally or to the public: - Monthly indicator of economic growth, composite indicators, and sentiment indicators. - Monthly indicator for relevant economic activities such as industrial production, services production, retail sales, tourism, and international trade. - Source data improvements: - At least 12 countries (with HFIs at the start of D4D-II) have improved the coverage and timeliness of the source data, including by using non-traditional source data (VAT or Big Data) to compile monthly economic activity indicators. - Methodology: - At least 12 countries (with HFIs at the start of D4D-II) have improved the methodologies used to compile HFIs of economic activity. - Data sources for assessments: - Assessments through IMF CD activities (e.g., bilateral TA missions); DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. Real Sector Statistics — Objective 2 (National Accounts rebasing and updates) - New datasets and revisions: - New rebased national accounts series in at least ten countries. - New or revised quarterly measures of economic activity in at least two countries. - New or revised estimates of the non-observed economy, particularly the informal economy or the digital economy in at least five countries. - Sectoral account decomposition and cross-sectoral linkages in at least two countries. - Methodological improvements: - Methodological improvements according to the 2008 SNA or the 2025 SNA in at least two countries. - Source data: - Expanded source data by using non-traditional source data (VAT or Big Data) for national accounts purposes in at least eight countries. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities (e.g., bilateral TA missions); dissemination internally, on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. Real Sector Statistics — Objective 3 (Price statistics) - New datasets: - For at least 12 countries, a first time or new vintage price index is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public (CPI, PPI, XMPI, RPPI, CPPI). - For at least five of these 12 countries, data and metadata sufficient to support data analysis have been developed and are available to users. - Coverage and methodology: - For at least five countries, the coverage of the price index is expanded in terms of geography, activity, type of property, etc. - For at least five countries, a new source data that aligns with the concept being estimated is identified and used to compile the price measure. - Data sources for assessments: - Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities (e.g., bilateral TA missions); dissemination internally, on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. ### Module 2 — Support global financial inclusion policymaking (FAS) FAS — Objective 1 (FAS database quality, coverage, and usage) - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi-country training courses. - Sustained production and quality improvements: - Data are collected using enhanced statistical techniques, including processing source data and/or assessing and validating intermediate data and statistical outputs on a continuous basis, with an enhanced validation tool in line with the revised FAS guidelines. - Metadata sufficient to support data analysis have been developed and are available to users, including clear identification of data reporting characteristics for at least one third of the participating LLMICs. - The concepts and definitions are revised by the FAS team in broad conformity with the most recent developments in the financial inclusion landscape. - Reporting coverage targets: - Participation of countries/jurisdictions providing information on small and medium enterprises is increased compared to the 2023 benchmark, from 113 to up to 130. - Participation of countries/jurisdictions providing information on the gender breakdown is increased compared to the 2023 benchmark, from 83 to up to 95. - Additional data series: - At least 20 percent of the participating LLMICs provide additional gender-disaggregated data series on traditional and non-traditional financial services to be included in the questionnaire (from 15 to at least 20 gender-disaggregated data series). - At least one third of the participating LLMICs provide additional data series reflecting recent innovations in the financial sector to be included in the questionnaire (from 9 to up to 20 fintech-enabled financial inclusion data series - mobile money and mobile and internet banking). - Improved usage: - FAS data are featured in IMF country reports and policy documents, from an average of eight to up to 15 IMF country reports per year, on average. - Relevant information from FAS is published or used in central bank’s websites and/or reports for about 20 percent of countries that participate in the FAS webinars/workshops. - Baseline average of eight sourced from Internal STA’s Data Product Evaluation 2023 (statistical product as source). - Data sources: - FAS Database and Metadata; monitored by ad hoc surveys on usage of the FAS data (e.g., by the second and fifth year of the D4D-II period). ### Module 3 — Expand global reach of statistics training (online curriculum) - Curriculum development and delivery targets: - At least four courses from D4D-I curriculum are updated to reflect newly adopted international standards (e.g., SNA, BPM). - At least four new courses are developed. - At least two short user-oriented courses are launched. - Certification from online training established as entry requirement to improve efficiency of face-to-face intermediate and advanced training, including the blended learning CD modality. - All courses of the curriculum are translated in at least two additional languages beyond English. - Reaching at least 500 participants on average for each online course in the curriculum. - Data sources for monitoring: - IMF tracking system for online learning, including course participation and completion rate, pre-survey on online course information and post-survey. ### Module 4 — Strengthen data transparency through IMF Data Standards Initiatives Data Dissemination — Objective 1 (Implement the e-GDDS) - NSDP dissemination: - A NSDP is disseminated for at least 25 percent of the countries that do not have NSDPs at the beginning of the D4D-II work program (see Annex III). - At least half of the e-GDDS countries with NSDPs at the beginning of the program achieve a timeliness rate of at least 50 percent. - Timeliness rate is measured as the number of categories disseminated on time over total number of categories that the authorities are committed to timely dissemination. - Data sources: - Data on the NSDP are from the authorities’ data sources, mainly from national statistical institutes, central banks, and ministries of finance. Data Dissemination — Objective 2 (Subscribe to SDDS) - Subscription and standards adoption: - At least 20 percent of the countries eligible to advance to SDDS at the beginning of the D4D-II work program will subscribe to the SDDS. - At least 20 percent of the SDDS countries at the beginning of the program will adopt SDMX. - Data sources: - SDDS subscription, evidenced through Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board. Data Dissemination — Objective 3 (Adhere to SDDS Plus) - Advancement to SDDS Plus: - At least 20 percent of the countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus at the beginning of the program will meet SDDS Plus requirements. - Data sources: - Adherence to the SDDS Plus, evidenced through Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board. SDMX and Data Use — Objective 1 (Modern dissemination practices) - Machine-to-machine dissemination and automation: - Implement ODP 2.0 in at least five AFR countries in collaboration with AfDB. - Move from suboptimal data dissemination channels (e.g., PDF) to modern techniques in at least three non-AFR countries. - At least eight countries use automated processes for updating their NSDPs. - Policy use and decision-making: - Authorities and/or IMF staff used D4D-improved data for policymaking and/or surveillance in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 1. - Demonstrated policy use of climate indicators in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 5. - Data sources: - NSDPs (including ODP in AFR region); national websites; ad hoc user surveys/consultations; usage of data in the Fund’s IMF Article IV and program staff reports. ### Module 5 — Strengthen compilation and dissemination of select macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics - New datasets and governance: - A new vintage of Air Emissions and/or Energy and/or Other Environmental Accounts is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least ten countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - A new vintage of physical and/or transition risk indicators is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least ten countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - A new vintage of climate expenditures, subsidies and/or finance is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least ten countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - Data sources for dissemination: - Dissemination internally, global databases, and/or country websites. *D4D-II Strategic Log Frame (Annex II).* ### Annex III. List of Countries Eligible for Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination ### Annex III. List of Countries Eligible for Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination Standards Initiatives ### Pool of potential beneficiary countries under Module 4 of D4D-II - The pool is grouped as follows: - 1) countries that are yet to launch an NSDP (24 countries, Annex Table 3.1); - 2) countries that participate in e-GDDS with an NSDP and can progress to SDDS (44 countries, Annex Table 3.2); - 3) countries that participate in SDDS and can progress to SDDS Plus (17 countries, Annex Table 3.3). - Introduced in 2015, the SDDS Plus targeted systematically important countries following the 2008 global financial crisis by expanding the SDDS requirements to include economic and financial data that tracks financial network linkages to help assess financial stability. - Most of the countries cited in Annex Table 3.3 are tapping international capital markets and advancing to the dissemination of broader macroeconomic and financial data can help deepen financial stability analysis. - Note: Countries in bold are outside the IMF DSI while the other countries participate in e-GDDS by posting metadata but have not yet launched NSDPs. ### Annex Table 3.1. Countries eligible for launching an NSDP under e-GDDS - AFR: Central African Republic; Comoros; Congo, Dem. Rep.; Congo, Rep.; Eritrea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Mali; Niger; South Sudan - APD: Kiribati; Solomon Islands; Iran (Islamic Republic of); Lebanon; Papua New Guinea - MCD: Algeria; Djibouti - WHD: Belize; Bolivia; Haiti; Nicaragua; Sudan; Syrian Arab Republic; Yemen ### Annex Table 3.2. e-GDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS - AFR / AFR / APD / MCD / WHD grouping as shown: - Angola; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Cameroon; Chad; Côte d'Ivoire; eSwatini; Ethiopia; Gambia, The; Ghana; Guinea; Kenya; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mozambique; Nigeria; Rwanda; Sierra Leone; Somalia; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; Lao PDR; Micronesia, Federated States of; Nepal; Samoa; São Tomé and Príncipe; Timor-Leste; Vanuatu; Vietnam; Mauritania; Pakistan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Honduras; Suriname - (The table presents these countries under regional columns AFR, AFR, APD, MCD, WHD.) ### Annex Table 3.3. SDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus - AFR / APD / EUR / MCD / WHD grouping as shown: - Namibia; Senegal; India; Indonesia; Korea, Rep. of*; Mongolia; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Ukraine; Armenia; Kyrgyz Republic; Morocco; Tunisia; West Bank and Gaza; El Salvador; Egypt; Jordan - * Not D4D-eligible ### Annex IV - Title: Periodicity and Timeliness Requirements/Expectations under Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination Standards Initiatives - (Annex IV heading is included; detailed requirements/expectations are indicated in Annex IV.) ### Annex V. Strategic Results Framework Risk and Mitigation Matrix — All Modules and Indicators (selected risks and mitigation measures) - Potential delay in demand for CD due to lags by national statistics-producing agencies in adopting and implementing statistical reforms. - Mitigation: Work plans would be discussed with authorities at design stage, with the prerequisites for implementation clearly identified. The D4D Fund work programs are also designed with flexibility to accommodate the CD demands of countries moving at varying paces in implementing reforms. - External climate and conditions. - Mitigation: Work with the IMF country teams and other development partners to analyze risks to data compilation and dissemination and propose potential measures to minimize such risks. - Management and technical. - Mitigation: Invest in institutional-type training and awareness at higher levels, particularly in the new D4D-II modules (data standards and environmental and climate change statistics). Further integration of TA and training to build technical expertise in CD beneficiary agencies. - Political support. - Mitigation: Leverage the IMF’s convening power with national authorities to promote statistical reforms and data governance, particularly in the areas of data standards and environmental and climate change statistics. Invest in institutional-type training and awareness at higher levels, especially in the new D4D II modules (data standards and environmental and climate change statistics). Monitor milestone implementation at the country project level regularly and carefully and discuss the status implementation with the authorities. - Resource adequacy. - Mitigation: Use IMF diagnostic and assessment tools (including the DAA and STA diagnostic assessments) to design prioritized work programs taking account of resource constraints. Promote documentation of business process to address staff rotation. Work with other development partners to assess capacity issues and propose ways to address them. --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/d4d-annex-iii-phase-ii-program-document.pdf_