## D4D Phase II Program Document ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [D4D Phase II Program Document](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/june-2024/d4d-phase-ii-program-document.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/june-2024/d4d-phase-ii-program-document.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/june-2024/d4d-phase-ii-program-document.pdf.json) --- ### Foreword — strategic framing and mission - The IMF Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda (GPA) (April 2024) centers on rebuild, revive, renew—rebuilding buffers depleted by global shocks; reviving sustainable and inclusive medium-term growth; and renewing the IMF’s commitment to fit-for-purpose policies, lending toolkit and governance (IMF). - The IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) provides demand-driven, tailored technical assistance and training as part of a comprehensive capacity development (CD) agenda; development partners play a pivotal role through the Data for Decisions (D4D) Fund. - Since 2018, the D4D initiative has become a key pillar of STA’s CD delivery; one third of IMF Headquarters-initiated statistics CD activities over the last six years were financed by the D4D Fund. - STA delivered over 60 course offerings since 2019 to expand access to online learning and build global statistical expertise. - D4D-II is positioned to continue the D4D journey begun in 2018 and to integrate lessons from the recent external evaluation of the D4D Fund. ### Rationale, priorities, and context - Demand for more and better statistics is expected to persist this decade to support evidence-based policymaking amid uneven medium-term growth prospects. - Strengthening national statistical systems—particularly in low- and lower middle-income countries (LLMICs) and fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS)—is critical for IMF analysis, surveillance, and lending operations, and for progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). - The 2022 OECD/PARIS21 Partner Report on Support to Statistics highlights shortfalls in funding for data and statistics, risking progress towards the SDGs. - Methodological updates and new data collection methods are expected to trigger CD demand on climate accounting, digitalization, financial inclusion and the informal economy. - Interest in Big Data is expanding as key to more timely indicators, especially for LLMICs and FCS; methodological work on G-20 DGI-3 climate recommendations will increase CD demand to compile climate indicators and support the IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust. ### D4D-I achievements and lessons learned - D4D-I delivery by end-FY 2024 included more than 450 CD activities (about 350 TA missions and 100 multi-country trainings). - Sub-Saharan Africa was the largest beneficiary region; almost all eligible countries benefitted from D4D-I. - The online learning curriculum reached over 13,000 participants through over 60 online course offerings in English, French and Spanish. - D4D-I beneficiary countries recorded progress across RSS, ESS, FAS, GFS, and PSDS including: - More reliable national accounts and balance of payments (BOP) and international investment position (IIP) statistics. - Development of compilation programs for high-frequency indicators (HFIs) and residential property price indices (RPPI) among LLMICs. - Improvements in government finance statistics (GFS), and in particular public debt statistics, contributing to greater debt transparency. - Expanded Financial Access Survey (FAS) coverage, including more gender-disaggregated data and new datasets on mobile and internet banking. - Persistent challenges identified: - Lack of strong political drive for statistics. - Weak institutional and legal frameworks for national statistical systems. - High staff turnover depleting institutional knowledge and capacity. - Lack of source data. - Slow or inadequate data management reforms. - The mid-term external evaluation (June 2018–April 2021) by SEO-Amsterdam Economics applying OECD-DAC criteria concluded the program is highly relevant, effective, coherent, and efficient, and identified seven main areas for adjustments. ### D4D-II proposal: scope, modular design, and focus - D4D-II will: - Provide CD within the IMF mandate: macroeconomic and financial statistics, data standards, and macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. - Maintain a modular design with closely coordinated and integrated module activities. - Continue focusing on LLMICs and FCS, using eligibility criteria broadly the same as D4D-I; expansion of country eligibility will be considered case-by-case. - D4D-II will assist countries in integrating innovative data sources (including Big Data) into statistical programs and expands into: - Assisting countries to progress on IMF Data Standards Initiatives by modernizing and widening data access. - Addressing data gaps on environmental and climate change statistics to accelerate climate transition through evidence-based fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. - Governance arrangements: D4D Fund Steering Committee (SC) remains the overarching governing body and will approve beneficiary countries and rolling 18-month work plans. ### Financing request - D4D-II will require partner funding of US$45 million covering a five-year period. - The proposed US$45 million budget is higher than the D4D-I budget of around US$33 million; the increase mainly reflects folding two existing bilateral projects into the multi-partner vehicle: - the Japan-funded project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (to end in June 2025), and - the Switzerland-funded pilot project on environmental and climate change statistics (to end in December 2024). --- ### Persistent data gaps and demand drivers (selected statistics) - 72 percent of LLMICs do not disseminate public debt statistics. - 54 percent of LLMICs do not report quarterly external debt statistics. - Many countries have delayed GDP rebasing and are not yet compiling quarterly GDP. - Big Data characteristics: high volume, high velocity, and high variety (the “3Vs”). - Only 10 percent of LLMICs have a national accounts base year consistent with international best practice (≤ five years old). - Forty-one percent of LLMICs do not yet produce quarterly national accounts. - 11 percent of LLMICs do not compile GDP by expenditure. - Example outcomes from past rebasing: - Nigeria’s then-latest (2013) GDP nearly doubled. - Tanzania’s grew by a third. - Kenya’s and Zambia’s increased by a quarter. - Uganda’s rose by 13 percent. ### Key operational modalities and delivery mechanisms - CD modalities include: - TA mission (in-person or virtual follow-ups). - Multi-country training (participants from non-D4D eligible countries may participate up to 10 percent for in-person trainings). - Single country training (exceptional circumstances, for FCS and LLMICs). - Continuous engagement (permanent feature to reinforce change management approach). - Online learning, blended learning, and short targeted courses/videos. - Long-term experts (LTXs) stationing where sustained field presence is needed. --- ### Modular structure and selected module objectives ### Module 1 — Fiscal, External, and Real Sector Statistics (aggregate) - Module 1 remains the largest component and addresses national accounts, HFIs, prices, GFS, PSDS, BOP/IIP, EDS, IRFCL, CDIS/CPIS, and other datasets. - Enhancements include: - Widening PSDS CD to include country baseline assessments. - Recasting ESS submodule along statistical product lines and expanding coverage to new datasets. - Expanding RPPI workstream to include CPI, PPI, XMPI, and CPPI. - Tailored CD to address source data gaps and use of Big Data. - Support for adoption of updated international methodological standards (e.g., SNA 2008 and SNA 2025; BPM7 expected release in 2025). - Selected Module 1 RBM expected outcomes (examples preserved from results framework): - Staff capacity increased: √ for GFS, PSDS, BOP/IIP, EDS, Other, HFI, NIP, Prices. - Source data adequate: √ across multiple submodules. - Methodological standards/guidelines adopted: √ across multiple submodules. - Data periodicity, timeliness, and consistency improved: √ across multiple submodules. - Data and metadata accessibility improved: √ across multiple submodules. - New dataset compiled and disseminated: √ across several submodules. ### Module 1 — Public Sector Debt Statistics and public debt transparency - Context: debt accumulation in LLMICs has outpaced growth in the last decade; SOE debt and contingent liabilities increase risk of debt distress. - Programmatic actions include a two-year Japan-funded project (launched May 2024) conducting qualitative PSDS assessments in selected African countries. - Delivery modalities coordinated with RCDCs and IMF area teams. ### Module 1 — External Sector Statistics (ESS) - Objectives include increasing countries compiling and disseminating IIP, external debt statistics, IRFCL, and participation in CDIS/CPIS. - Capacity constraints noted: only three ESS advisors covering less than a quarter of D4D-eligible countries. - Delivery: single-country TA missions, multi-country training, blended learning, continuous engagement, and potential long-term resident advisors. ### Module 1 — Real Sector Statistics: HFIs, National Accounts, Price Statistics - HFIs: - Assist countries to develop timelier HFIs using source and Big Data. - At least six countries expected to develop and release HFI types (monthly growth indicators, composite indicators, monthly indicators for activities such as industrial production, retail sales, tourism, trade). - National accounts: - Support benchmark revisions/rebasing and source data improvements. - Targets include new rebased national accounts series in at least 10 countries and new or revised quarterly measures in at least two countries. - Expanded source data via VAT or Big Data in at least eight countries. - Price statistics: - Support CPI, PPI, XMPI, RPPI, CPPI development and improvements. - Target: at least 12 countries develop a first time or new vintage price index; at least five of those develop sufficient data and metadata for analysis. ### Module 2 — Financial Access Survey (FAS) - Module 2 will sustain and expand the FAS database (coverage, disaggregation, thematic scope including fintech and gender). - Targets and indicators: - Improve reporting coverage: increase SME reporting from 113 to up to 130; increase gender-disaggregated reporting from 83 to up to 95 (compared to the 2023 benchmark). - Increase additional gender-disaggregated data series from 15 to at least 20. - Increase fintech-related series from 9 to up to 20 fintech-enabled financial inclusion data series. - Increase FAS usage in IMF country reports from an average of 8 to up to 15 per year. - Planned activities: enhanced validations, metadata reporting, workshops/webinars, country-specific TA (including virtual pilots), continuous engagement, improved outreach and user engagement, and coordination with World Bank Findex and other partners. ### Module 3 — Online learning - Module 3 will align foundational courses to SNA/BPM revisions (2025), update BOP/IIP and external debt courses, develop short policy-relevant courses, produce user-oriented short videos, and translate curriculum into additional languages (e.g., Russian, Arabic). - Targets: - At least four courses updated; at least four new courses developed; at least two short user-oriented courses launched. - Certification from online training established as entry requirement for face-to-face intermediate and advanced training. - All courses translated in at least two additional languages beyond English. - Reaching at least 500 participants on average for each online course. ### Module 4 — Data dissemination and use (DSI, SDMX, Data Use) - Module 4 comprises three submodules: DSI engagement (e-GDDS/SDDS/SDDS Plus), SDMX adoption and modernization of dissemination, and data use/CD impact monitoring. - Data Standards (DSI) context and participation (as of source): - 25 countries eligible for launching an NSDP under e-GDDS. - 45 e-GDDS countries eligible to advance to the SDDS. - 17 SDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus. - Overall participation: 112 IMF member countries in e-GDDS (73 have NSDPs), 47 in SDDS, 31 in SDDS Plus. - SDMX submodule objectives: - Support SDMX implementation through refresher courses, hands-on regional workshops, bilateral TA, and online foundational training. - Address technical barriers to efficient data transmission and promote automated NSDP updates. - In Africa, implement ODP 2.0 in collaboration with AfDB. - Data Use submodule: - Fund activities to assess and measure use of data in policymaking and strengthen CD impact monitoring. - Integrate user outreach into Modules 1, 2 and 5. - Module 4 targets (selected): - Implement ODP 2.0 in at least five AFR countries. - Move from PDF to modern dissemination in at least three non-AFR countries. - At least eight countries use automated NSDP update processes. - Authorities/IMF staff use D4D-improved data for policymaking/surveillance in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 1. - Demonstrated policy use of climate indicators in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 5. ### Module 5 — Environmental and climate change statistics - Rationale: support countries in compiling macro-relevant environmental and climate indicators consistent with economic and financial statistical frameworks. - Module 5 objectives and activities: - Guide countries to strengthen statistical systems for macro-relevant environmental and climate statistics. - Help LLMICs use Big Data, open geospatial datasets and climate models to estimate macro-critical indicators. - Support integration of environment/climate statistics into macro frameworks and address data gaps on energy, air emissions, government revenues/expenditures and financing. - Equip authorities with climate finance and climate risk statistics (e.g., green debt securities and loans) and methodological support for climate risk analysis (transition risks). - Facilitate building institutional frameworks and data governance for environmental and climate change data. - Targets: - New vintage of Air Emissions and/or Energy and/or Other Environmental Accounts for at least 10 countries with data governance policy established. - New vintage of physical and/or transition risk indicators for at least 10 countries with data governance policy established. - New vintage of climate expenditures, subsidies and/or finance for at least 10 countries with data governance policy established. - Delivery modalities: in-person, virtual, blended formats; mapping to Modules 1 and 4 and financial sector statistics work. --- ### Integration, governance, and program management ### Integration with IMF surveillance and lending - D4D-II CD will be fully integrated with IMF surveillance and lending; CD activities will inform Article IV consultations, structural benchmarks in IMF lending programs, and Country Engagement Strategies in FCS. - TA work plans designed in close consultation with Area Departments and taking account of the Data Adequacy Assessment (DAA). ### Governance and operational arrangements - The D4D Fund SC is composed of partner representatives and IMF staff; a partner representative will chair the SC with annual rotation. - IMF staff serve as Secretariat to the SC; SC meetings held semi-annually in June (hybrid) and January (virtual only). - The World Bank participates as observer in SC meetings; potential new partners may be invited as observers with SC non-objection. - IMF staff will prepare annual reports and ensure regular information flow between SC meetings. ### Program management, change management, and risk mitigation - The D4D Fund will be managed by a dedicated STA staff team: a Program Manager (based in STA’s Resource Management Division) and project managers based in topical divisions. - D4D-II adopts a more robust change management approach including: - assessment of authorities’ operational capacity before TA implementation; - adapting projects to changes in absorption capacity; - continual assessment of risk factors and mitigation measures (see Annex V). - Project-level log frames will be updated semi-annually and aggregated into a program-level strategic log frame aligned with the IMF RBM catalogue. --- ### Financing, duration, and detailed budget figures (preserved exactly) - Program duration: FY 2026 through FY 2030 (May 2025-April 2030). - Estimated program budget: US$45 million (five-year period). - The increase from US$33.1 million in D4D-I largely reflects broadening scope of work. D4D-II Estimated Budget (FY 2026-30) — aggregate totals by module (Total column as shown): - Module 1 - Addressing Data Needs to Empower Policymaking: 20,681,444 - Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics: 8,272,578 - External Sector Statistics: 5,170,361 - Real Sector Statistics: 7,238,505 - Module 2 - Financial Access Survey: 3,519,284 - Module 3 - Online Learning: 5,377,364 - Module 4 - Data Dissemination and Use: 5,152,513 - Data Standards: 3,606,759 - SDMX: 1,288,128 - Data Use: 257,626 - Module 5 - Environmental and Climate Change Statistics: 5,817,362 - Program Management: 1,272,932 - Governance & Evaluation: 282,200 Annual totals (Total row shown): - FY 2026: 8,967,495 - FY 2027: 7,977,294 - FY 2028: 8,213,212 - FY 2029: 8,454,081 - FY 2030: 8,491,018 - Total (sum of annual totals): 42,103,099 7% TFM Fees (annual and total shown): - FY 2026: 627,725 - FY 2027: 558,4111 - FY 2028: 574,925 - FY 2029: 591,786 - FY 2030: 594,371 - Total 7% TFM Fees: 2,947,217 Total (including 7% TFM): - FY 2026: 9,595,220 - FY 2027: 8,535,704 - FY 2028: 8,788,137 - FY 2029: 9,045,866 - FY 2030: 9,085,389 - Total (including 7% TFM): 45,050,316 - Note: Budget contingent on demand for CD services materializing, IMF capacity to execute the work program, and available funding from partners. ### Financial arrangements and administration - All partner contributions will be made into the multi-partner D4D Subaccount under the IMF’s Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities; an operating unit will be established under the Subaccount to receive contributions and finance activities. - All funds will be commingled; legal basis via Letter of Understanding and Selected Fund Activities instrument. - Procurement: for any procurement beyond the threshold amount (currently US$50,000), IMF regulations require a competitive bidding process with at least three competitive bids. - The IMF charges a trust fund management fee of 7 percent. - Reporting: partners receive Subaccount expenditure and commitment reports; annual audits of operations/transactions; separate execution reporting to the SC and via the IMF’s partner portal. --- ### Annex I — External evaluation seven-point recommendations (selected responses) - Key strategic shifts adopted in response to the external evaluation: 1. Move from “CD delivery” to a “change management” approach; strengthen country ownership and document compilation processes. 2. Include explicit needs assessment for data use during intervention planning; encourage national user consultations. 3. Systematically assess ownership and absorption capacity via diagnostic missions and use case analysis. 4. Improve impact monitoring at the level of data users; integrate data use work program in Module 4. 5. Enhance coordination with World Bank and regional partners; feature systematic reporting on complementarities in annual reports. 6. Tailor the RBM framework to D4D and link monitoring to CDMAP inputs. 7. Institutionalize blended (online and in-person) CD delivery; completion of online foundational courses to be phased in as preconditions for in-person workshops. ### Annex II — Strategic Log Frame (high-level indicators, selected) - D4D strategic objective: strengthen national statistical systems and foster data transparency and accountability; all indicators targeted for completion by end of D4D-II five-year period. - Module 1 (GFS and PSDS) sample targets: - At least 15 percentage points increase in average post-test vs pre-test scores for multi-country training. - At least 15 countries improve sources and granularity of fiscal data. - At least five countries compile/disseminate GFS following GFSM 2014. - For PSDS: at least 15 countries compile/disseminate PSDS following PSDSG 2011; at least 10 countries compile/disseminate PSDS monthly or quarterly. - Module 1 (BOP/IIP/EDS) sample targets: - At least 15 countries develop/use new surveys to improve coverage. - At least ten countries implement or have plans to implement BPM7. - At least ten additional countries compile and disseminate monthly IRFCL template (note: as of April 2024, 21 countries compile and report monthly IRFCL). - At least 15 countries begin reporting external debt statistics (note: as of April 2024, 39 countries compile and report quarterly EDS). - Module 2 FAS targets (repeated exact figures): - Increase SME participation reporting from 113 to up to 130. - Increase gender-disaggregated reporting from 83 to up to 95. - Increase gender-disaggregated data series from 15 to at least 20. - Increase fintech-enabled series from 9 to up to 20. - FAS data featured in IMF country reports from average 8 to up to 15 per year. - Module 3 targets include translation of all courses into at least two additional languages beyond English and reaching at least 500 participants on average per online course. - Module 4 targets include implementing ODP 2.0 in at least five AFR countries, moving from PDF to modern dissemination in at least three non-AFR countries, and at least eight countries using automated NSDP update processes. - Module 5 targets include delivering new vintages of environmental/climate accounts, physical/transition risk indicators, and climate finance data for at least 10 countries each. ### Annex III — Data Dissemination eligibility groupings (counts and lists) - 24 countries yet to launch an NSDP (Annex Table 3.1). - 45 e-GDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS (Annex Table 3.2). - 17 SDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus (Annex Table 3.3). - Annex tables list individual country names by grouping (AFR/APD/MCD/WHD regions), including 24 NSDP-eligible countries and named e-GDDS/SDDS candidates and SDDS Plus candidates; one SDDS Plus entry (Korea, Rep. of) marked "* Not D4D-eligible". ### Annex V — Risk and mitigation (selected) - Risks and mitigation measures include: - Potential delay in demand: work plans designed with implementation prerequisites and program flexibility. - External climate/conditions: coordinate with IMF country teams and partners to analyze risks and mitigation options. - Management/technical capacity: invest in institutional training and further integration of TA and training. - Political support: leverage IMF convening power and invest in high-level awareness. - Resource adequacy: use DAA and STA diagnostic assessments to prioritize programs and promote documentation of business processes. *Source: IMF’s Statistics Department (STA), Data for Decisions (D4D) Phase II Program Document.* ### Foreword _______________________________________________________________________ 5 ### d4d-phase-ii-program-document - Foreword ### Foreword: strategic framing and mission - The IMF Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda (GPA) presented in April 2024 centers on rebuild, revive, renew—rebuilding buffers depleted by global shocks; reviving sustainable and inclusive medium-term growth; and renewing the IMF’s commitment to fit-for-purpose policies, lending toolkit and governance. - The IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) provides demand-driven, tailored technical assistance and training as part of a comprehensive capacity development (CD) agenda, with development partners playing a pivotal role through the Data for Decisions (D4D) Fund. - Since 2018, the D4D initiative has become a key pillar of STA’s CD delivery; one third of IMF Headquarters-initiated statistics CD activities over the last six years were financed by the D4D Fund. - STA has delivered over 60 course offerings since 2019 to expand access to online learning and build global statistical expertise. - D4D-II is positioned to continue the D4D journey begun in 2018 and to integrate lessons from the recent external evaluation of the D4D Fund. ### Overview: rationale and priorities - Demand for more and better statistics is expected to persist in this decade to support evidence-based policymaking amid uneven medium-term growth prospects. - Strengthening national statistical systems—particularly in low- and lower middle-income countries (LLMICs) and fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS)—is critical for IMF analysis, surveillance, and lending operations, and for progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). - The 2022 OECD/PARIS21 Partner Report on Support to Statistics highlights shortfalls in funding for data and statistics, putting at risk progress towards the SDGs. - D4D-II aims to provide timely and agile responses to technical assistance (TA) requests across macroeconomic statistics workstreams and to complement IMF field-based multi-year CD delivered by Regional Capacity Development Centers (RCDCs). - D4D-II will continue to fill gaps not covered by RCDCs (for example, through an expanded price statistics program) and integrate new STA CD initiatives. ### Context: methodological change, digitalization, and climate data - Updates to core statistical manuals and new data collection methods will trigger CD demand for issues such as climate accounting, digitalization, financial inclusion and the informal economy. - Interest in the use of Big Data is expanding and is seen as key to more timely indicators, especially for LLMICs and FCS. - As methodological work on the seven climate recommendations of the G-20 Data Gaps Initiative (DGI-3) advances, Big Data sources will be harnessed to compile climate indicators, including to support the IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust, implying greater CD demand. - The IMF will work closely with other stakeholders to support development of policy-relevant climate indicators. ### Background on D4D-I: origins and scope - The D4D Fund was launched in June 2018 as the IMF’s flagship multi-partner funding vehicle for CD on statistics to support evidence-based macroeconomic policymaking. - D4D-I supported CD on real and external sector and government finance statistics (GFS), expanded the Financial Access Survey (FAS) database, developed a comprehensive multilingual online learning curriculum, and provided ad hoc data management support. - D4D-I was originally planned for five years (FY 2019-23) but was extended by two years to seven years (FY 2019-25) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, via a budget-neutral extension agreed by the Fund Steering Committee (SC). ### D4D-I achievements: scale and outcomes - By end-FY 2024, D4D-funded delivery included more than 450 CD activities (about 350 TA missions and 100 multi-country trainings). - Sub-Saharan Africa is the largest beneficiary region, with LLMICs in other regions also receiving D4D-funded TA; almost all eligible countries have benefitted from D4D-I. - Through the online learning curriculum, STA expanded flexible and widely accessible pathways for building statistical expertise globally. - D4D-I beneficiary countries recorded progress in availability and quality of policy-relevant economic and financial data across statistical areas: - More reliable national accounts and balance of payments (BOP) and international investment position (IIP) statistics. - Development of compilation programs for high-frequency indicators (HFIs) and residential property price indices (RPPI) among LLMICs. - Improvements in government finance statistics (GFS), and in particular public debt statistics, contributing to greater debt transparency and better-informed policy formulation. - Expanded FAS coverage, including more gender-disaggregated data and new datasets on mobile and internet banking to inform financial inclusion policymaking. - The IMF launched a FAS Advisory Group in October 2023, which held its first in-person meeting in April 2024. ### D4D-II proposal: scope, modular design, and focus - D4D-II will: - Provide CD in areas within the IMF mandate, including macroeconomic and financial statistics, data standards, and macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. - Maintain a modular design with closely coordinated and integrated module activities for greater impact. - Continue focusing on LLMICs and FCS, using eligibility criteria broadly the same as D4D-I, aiming to maximize value added from CD activities; expansion of country eligibility will be considered case-by-case. - D4D-II will assist beneficiary countries in integrating innovative data sources (including Big Data) into statistical programs. - D4D-II expands into two new areas: - Assisting countries to progress on the IMF’s Data Standards Initiatives by harnessing innovative technologies to modernize and widen data access, to enhance transparency and public accountability. - Addressing data gaps on environmental and climate change statistics to accelerate climate transition through evidence-based fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. ### Governance and operational arrangements - Governance arrangements are expected to remain broadly the same as in D4D-I. - The D4D Fund Steering Committee (SC) will continue as the overarching governing body providing strategic guidance. - The SC will approve beneficiary countries and the rolling 18-month work plans. ### Financing and budget request - To achieve D4D-II objectives, the D4D Fund will require partner funding of US$45 million covering a five-year period. - The proposed US$45 million budget is higher than the D4D-I budget of around US$33 million; the increase mainly reflects folding two existing bilateral projects into the multi-partner vehicle: - the Japan-funded project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (to end in June 2025), and - the Switzerland-funded pilot project on environmental and climate change statistics (to end in December 2024). *IMF’s Statistics Department (STA), Data for Decisions (D4D) Phase II Program Document — Foreword and Overview* ### 2022. CD on reserves assets compilation to the National Bank of Angola has resulted in the ### d4d-phase-ii-program-document - 2022 ### D4D-I outcomes and lessons - CD on reserves assets compilation to the National Bank of Angola resulted in the dissemination of more comprehensive reserve data, enhancing transparency on a key variable in assessing external sustainability. - Zambia’s balance of payments data showed large unidentified outflows, amounting to about 30 percent of GDP over 2020-21; the unidentified nature and size of these flows had been described as “the Achilles’ heel” of Zambia’s IMF supported program. Through an intensive CD program, the authorities took remedial measures to improve the recording of cross-border flows (the IMF Extended Credit Facility Arrangement was adopted in August 2022). - The online learning curriculum developed under D4D-I has reached over 13,000 participants from around the world through over 60 online course offerings in English, French and Spanish. - By the end of D4D-I, most outcomes of the D4D Fund strategic log frame are expected to be fully or largely achieved, with improved coverage, timeliness, and quality of RSS, ESS, FAS, GFS, and PSDS, but progress remains uneven across countries. - Persistent challenges identified: - Lack of strong political drive for statistics. - Weak institutional and legal frameworks governing national statistical systems. - High staff turnover leading to depletion of institutional knowledge and capacity. - Lack of source data. - Slow or inadequate data management reforms. - The mid-term external evaluation of D4D-I (covering June 2018 to April 2021) concluded the program is highly relevant, effective, coherent, and efficient, and identified seven main areas for adjustments to improve relevance, effectiveness, impact, sustainability, coherence, and efficiency. The evaluation was conducted by SEO-Amsterdam Economics applying OECD-DAC criteria. ### Strategic adjustments and integration for D4D-II - The IMF will fortify efforts to ensure CD remains a highly effective and integrated pillar of IMF support, moving to a change management approach to foster better country ownership for sustainability and impact, particularly in low-capacity environments. - D4D-II adds CD programs on data standards and environmental and climate statistics, and will leverage nontraditional data sources to compile core macroeconomic indicators to promote resource efficiency in LLMICs. - D4D-II adopts the IMF’s results-based management (RBM) catalogue launched in 2021 for easier monitoring and evaluation of CD delivery outcomes and results. ### Objectives of D4D-II - Continue to support eligible countries in strengthening national statistical systems to address existing and new demands, promote transparency and accountability, and better inform policies and monitoring of the SDGs. - Remain the main thematic fund financing non-RCDC statistics CD activities. - Individual project objectives will depend on country circumstances. ### Persistent data gaps and demand drivers - Statistical gaps motivating D4D-II: - 72 percent of LLMICs do not disseminate public debt statistics. - 54 percent of LLMICs do not report quarterly external debt statistics. - Many countries have delayed GDP rebasing and are not yet compiling quarterly GDP. - Demand for CD to strengthen primary/source data in LLMICs is expected to grow as more countries digitize government services and as private firms make primary data available. - Big Data characteristics and opportunity: high volume, high velocity, and high variety (the “3Vs”); require specific technologies and skills to transform into primary data usable for macroeconomic and climate statistics. - Supporting the use of Big Data is one of six priorities of the IMF’s Overarching Strategy on Data and Statistics adopted in 2018. - IMF member countries are increasingly seeking TA from STA to process and transform new data sources into primary data for macroeconomic accounts and environmental/climate indicators. - D4D-II will include a data dissemination workstream to help countries set up more timely and efficient dissemination, including support for National Summary Data Pages (NSDPs) and SDMX-based machine-to-machine datasets. ### Integration with climate and resilience efforts - D4D-II will cover a CD program to assist countries in developing environmental and climate change statistics, building on STA’s pilot work under the “Swiss Economic Cooperation Organization Transformative Statistics Agenda –Environment and Climate Change Statistics Capacity Development Program”. - This climate statistics program will be integrated with support under the IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). The RSF was established in 2022 to provide affordable long-term financing for reforms reducing risks to prospective balance of payments stability, including those related to climate change and pandemic preparedness. ### Results measurement and project design - Objectives of D4D-II are embodied in a strategic log frame reporting results at the programmatic level; each CD project will have its own project-level log frame with verifiable indicators and intermediate milestones drawn from the IMF’s RBM catalog. - IMF staff will actively monitor country progress and update individual project log frames semi-annually. ### Scope and delivery modalities - Core statistics financed: (i) fiscal and public debt statistics; (ii) real and external sector statistics; and (iii) financial inclusion; scope expanded to include data standards, environmental and climate statistics, and promoting use of data for decision making. - CD delivery modalities to be deployed, adapted to country circumstances: - TA mission (in-person or virtual follow-ups). - Multi-country training (participants from non-D4D eligible countries may participate up to 10 percent for in-person trainings). - Single country training (exceptional circumstances, for FCS and LLMICs). - Continuous engagement (permanent feature to reinforce change management approach). - Online learning (update existing courses and develop shorter targeted courses and short videos to highlight policy relevance). - Blended learning (asynchronous self-paced materials to supplement synchronous interactions). - Long-term experts (LTXs) stationing where sustained field presence is needed, building on a pilot in Central Africa. ### New modular structure under D4D-II - Five modules with stronger integration: - Module 1: address data needs to empower policymaking in fiscal, external, and real sector statistics (national accounts, HFIs, and prices). - Module 2: sustain and expand the FAS database (geographic coverage, disaggregation, thematic scope). - Module 3: build on the 12-course curriculum developed during D4D-I (English, French, Spanish). - Module 4: support IMF Data Standards Initiatives (DSI) for data transparency and expand SDMX adoption for data standards, dissemination, and use. - Module 5: support production of policy-relevant environmental and climate change statistics. ### Module 1 enhancements and targeted outcomes - Module 1 remains the largest component with key enhancements: - Widen scope of CD on PSDS to include country baseline assessments. - Recast ESS submodule along statistical product lines and expand coverage to include new datasets. - Expand the RPPI workstream to include other relevant price measures such as CPI, PPI, XMPI, and CPPI. - Cover CD tailored to addressing source data gaps, including the use of Big Data. - Support countries in adopting updates to international methodological standards. - Expected RBM outcomes for Module 1 (selected by submodule): - Staff capacity increased: GFS, PSDS, BOP/IIP, EDS, Other, HFI, NIP, Prices — indicated as √ for applicable submodules in the results framework. - Source data adequate: √ across multiple submodules. - Methodological standards/guidelines adopted: √ across multiple submodules. - Data periodicity, timeliness, and consistency improved: √ across multiple submodules. - Data and metadata accessibility improved: √ across multiple submodules. - New dataset compiled and disseminated: √ across several submodules. - Acronyms preserved as in the document: - GFS: government finance statistics - PSDS: public sector debt statistics - BOP/IIP: balance of payments/international investment position - EDS: external debt statistics - Other: international reserves and foreign currency liquidity (IRFCL) template and the IMF coordinated direct and portfolio investment surveys - HFI: high-frequency indicators - NIP: national income and production *Source: D4D-II program document (IMF), 2022.* ### 25. Demand for timely fiscal and public debt data has increased globally amid rising public ### D4D-II program document — Capacity Development priorities for fiscal, external, and real sector statistics ### Public debt transparency and Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS) - The World Bank reports that, in the last decade, debt accumulation in LLMICs has outpaced economic growth, raising concerns about these countries’ capacity to service their debt and fears of future debt crises. - Debt accumulation by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and associated contingent liabilities, combined with tightening global financial conditions, natural disasters, political instability/conflict, and fragility, heighten the risk of debt distress particularly in LLMICs; data gaps hinder accurate assessments of these risks. - The 2007/8 global financial crisis revealed a lack of transparency in most official statistics, including GFS and PSDS; high-frequency, accurate and comprehensive GFS and PSDS data can reduce information asymmetry and improve monitoring of risks, analysis of vulnerabilities, and associated spillovers. - The Data Adequacy Assessment for Surveillance (DAA) is a key element of the framework for Data Provision to the IMF for Surveillance Purposes, aimed at ensuring high-quality data for economic analysis and policy advice. - Increasing debt transparency requires closing significant country data gaps and addressing adverse incentives; achieving this remains an ongoing imperative that the document frames as requiring a global compact (including the Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable established in February 2023). - Programmatic actions: - A two-year project funded by the Government of Japan, launched in May 2024, will conduct qualitative assessments of PSDS in selected African countries to support authorities in prioritizing actions to improve public debt transparency. - CD delivery under this submodule will support countries to develop institutional and staff capacities to collect, compile, and disseminate GFS and PSDS fit for purpose, complementary to CD by RCDCs and coordinated with their work programs. ### External Sector Statistics (ESS) - Rising uncertainties, geo-political tensions, and more complex trade and investment relations have increased demand for timely data to monitor global finance and trade. - ESS are essential to analyze a country’s external trade in goods and services, financial transactions with the rest of the world, international asset and liability positions, external liquidity, and external debt. - Challenges in ESS compilation are evolving due to structural shifts and financial innovation; Big Data Analytics and alternative data sources offer new avenues to monitor trade and cross-border flows. - BPM7 (Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, seventh edition) is expected to be released in 2025 and will create new challenges for ESS compilers, addressing measurement challenges related to globalization and digitalization. - Capacity constraints: - There are only three ESS advisors covering less than a quarter of D4D-eligible countries; the submodule aims to respond to an expected increase in CD demand as countries seek to implement updated standards. - Submodule objectives and outputs: - Increase the number of countries compiling and disseminating IIP, external debt statistics, and the international reserve and foreign currency liquidity template. - Increase participation in the IMF’s coordinated direct investment survey (CDIS) and coordinated portfolio investment survey (CPIS). - Support compilation and dissemination of an integrated IIP statement to be introduced under BPM7. - Address staff capacity, ensure adequate data sources and techniques, support adoption of methodological standards (including BPM7), improve periodicity/timeliness/consistency, and strengthen data and metadata accessibility. - Delivery modalities: - Single-country TA missions and multi-country training, complemented by blended learning, continuous engagement, and, if resources permit, long-term resident advisors in regions requiring sustained tailored CD. ### Real Sector Statistics — Workstream: High-Frequency Indicators (HFIs) - HFIs provide timelier snapshots of economic activity than quarterly or annual data, aiding short-term policymaking, cycle identification, and early warning for economic turns or turbulences. - The workstream will support countries to develop or enhance HFIs; country outcomes may range from utilizing new data sources (including Big Data) to disseminating headline indicators of economic growth. - Core activities: - Assist countries in identifying and utilizing source data and implementing internationally accepted standards and good practices for HFIs. - Implement procedures to ingest, organize, validate, clean, impute data, and maintain databases as key initial steps. - Align aggregate measures of activity with international standards. - Enhancements may include rebasing, scope expansion, improved source data and compilation/analytical methods, and improved timeliness. - The workstream will explore supporting countries in processing Big Data sources to produce HFIs. - Delivery: country missions and regional trainings to build compilation capacity; the approach recognizes a multi-year project for countries to develop HFIs. ### Real Sector Statistics — Workstream: Source Data and National Accounts - GDP is a critical input for monetary and fiscal policy; accurate, relevant, and timely national accounts statistics are needed for policy decision-making and for deriving many policy-relevant benchmarks. - The workstream targets improved national accounts quality via better content, collection, and processing of source data and integration into national accounting frameworks. - Key activities to improve source data and methods: - Make better use of and increase access to administrative data and Big Data, update business registers, redesign household and business surveys, improve measurement of the informal economy, and record the digital economy. - Integrate work into benchmark revisions/rebasing consistent with international standards. - Strengthen statistical work programs to help countries implement updated methodological standards such as SNA 2008 and the future SNA 2025 (covering digitalization, well-being and sustainability, globalization, communications, financial issues, and informal economy). - International good practice recommends national account benchmark revisions and rebasing every five years; many LLMICs fall outside this recommended approach, suffering deterioration in the quality of national accounts. - Current statistics and risks: - Only 10 percent of LLMICs have a national accounts base year consistent with international best practice of less than or equal to five years old. - Delaying benchmark revisions/rebasing creates large margins of error, weakening decision-making and international comparability; the 2014 rebasing exercises in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia produced significant GDP revaluations (Nigeria’s then-latest (2013) GDP nearly doubled, Tanzania’s grew by a third, Kenya’s and Zambia’s increased by a quarter, and Uganda’s rose by 13 percent). - Phased support: - CD will focus in the near term on improving source data and methods to support benchmark revisions/rebasing and sustained improvements in economic statistics. - Sectoral accounts CD will be phased in as countries advance on milestones; sectoral accounts provide flows between sectors and balance sheet data useful for financial sector risk analysis. - Gaps in short-term indicators: - Forty-one percent of LLMICs do not yet produce quarterly national accounts and 11 percent do not compile GDP by expenditure; a significant share do not produce regular supply and use tables. - Delivery modalities: bilateral country missions and regional training courses, with in-person training emphasized for engagement; CD will be coordinated with RCDCs. ### Real Sector Statistics — Workstream: Price Statistics - Price statistics (including CPI and broader price measures) are central to policymaking on inflation, financial stability, and economic growth. - CPIs are the primary macroeconomic indicator of inflation and are critical inputs for governments and central banks. - The workstream will support: - Updating item baskets and outlet samples to reflect changing expenditure patterns. - Expanding geographic and population coverage. - Incorporating new alternative sources of price data where requested. *Source: D4D-II program document, IMF* ### 52. Policymakers use Producer Price Indices (PPIs) and Export-Import Price Indices (XMPIs) ### d4d-phase-ii-program-document - 52. Policymakers use Producer Price Indices (PPIs) and Export-Import Price Indices (XMPIs) ### Price indices: PPIs, XMPIs, and CPI supplementation - Policymakers use Producer Price Indices (PPIs) and Export-Import Price Indices (XMPIs) to supplement the CPI in analyzing sources of inflation by industry, stage of production, and trade partner. - These indicators are important inputs to measures used to monitor real economic growth, including real GDP, the index of industrial production, and productivity. - D4D-II workstream objectives: - Support countries in developing new PPIs and XMPIs where they are not currently compiled. - Update the weights and samples of existing indices. - Expand coverage with particular attention to monitoring prices in the services sector. ### Real estate price indicators: RPPIs and CPPIs - Real Price Property Indices (RPPIs), Commercial Property Price Indices (CPPIs), and other real estate market indicators are critical for assessing real estate market conditions and potential macroeconomic and financial stability impacts. - Rapid increases in property prices may indicate asset bubbles that increase financial system vulnerabilities; rapid decreases could signal impending recession through cuts in consumption and investment. - Uses of these indexes: - Input into macroprudential policy design. - Evaluate effectiveness of monetary policy transmission. - D4D-II workstream objectives: - Support countries in developing new RPPIs and CPPIs where not currently compiled. - Improve coverage and incorporate new and updated data sources for currently compiled series. - Build country capacity to understand standards and methodologies and to undertake multi-year projects. - Strategic monitoring: - Approach reflected in the strategic log frame (Annex II) and includes quantifiable indicators measuring progress towards the objective. ### Delivery modalities: blended learning, in-person training, and missions - CD (capacity development) delivery modes: - Combination of bilateral country missions and regional training courses. - Regional sessions to incorporate new online CPI, PPI, and XMPI courses, and forthcoming RPPI course, in a blended learning format. - In-person training retained due to its role in building engagement, sharing country experiences, and identifying demand for bilateral TA. ### Module 2 — Financial Access Survey (FAS): scope and enhancements - Module 2 remains broadly unchanged, but the FAS questionnaire will be expanded based on pilot data collection to extend coverage of fintech and gender-disaggregated data. - Module 2 will include targeted TA in addition to regional training workshops, shaped by country requests/needs and recommendations of the FAS Advisory Group. - Objectives for global financial inclusion policymaking: - Sustain and improve the FAS database, focusing on coverage, quality, and usage. - Specific aims: - Improve quality of reported data to the FAS; address quality issues such as double counting in depositors and borrowers and correct reporting of gender-disaggregated data. - Expand coverage of the FAS database in content and reporting, including fintech and gender-disaggregated data. - Increase usage of FAS for policymaking and policy-relevant research; strengthen user-focused outreach and CD for D4D-eligible countries. - Planned activities to achieve objectives: - Enhanced data production process: - Strengthen data validations and introduce qualitative validations, possibly using other data sources such as Findex. - Enhance metadata reporting and explore alternative data sources to complement supply-side data on the FAS website, including financial inclusion policies and outcomes. - Workshops and webinars: - Continue regional workshops/webinars with greater emphasis on data usage, clarifying FAS methodology, improving coverage (including gender-disaggregated data and digital financial services), and sharing examples of FAS data usage for policy design and monitoring. - Organize thematic webinars (e.g., gender) and consider asynchronous learning elements. - Country-specific TA: - Provide targeted TA for low-capacity countries struggling to compile and report quality FAS data. - Pilot small number of virtual TA missions, with potential mainstreaming; TA may be in-person or virtual. - Use continuous engagement modality for remote technical assistance without full TA engagements. - Improved outreach and engagement with users: - Make the FAS platform more user-friendly, generate more indicators for financial inclusion policymaking, and highlight policy-oriented research using FAS data. - Make user engagement more systematic; the FAS Advisory Group will play a key role. - Strengthen monitoring of FAS usage internally and externally, including applying text analysis/machine learning to IMF publications. - Continue the annual publication FAS Developments and Trends and prepare analytical pieces combining FAS with other sources. - Organize roadshows to present the FAS database to internal and external audiences. - Collaboration: - Increased coordination with similar initiatives to maximize synergy and complementarity. - Coordination with the World Bank’s Findex team is underway in the context of the FAS pilot data collection and the G-20 DGI-3 Recommendation 12: Fintech-enabled financial inclusion. - Potential collaboration with the World Bank’s Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, the Alliance for Financial Inclusion, and the Women’s Finance Forum. ### Module 3 — Online learning: updates for standards revisions and new content - With the upcoming revision of the SNA and BPM in 2025, foundational online courses developed in D4D-I under Module 3 will be aligned to the new standards. - Course updates and additions: - Update BOP/IIP online course to reflect changes introduced in BPM7. - Update external debt statistics online course and add modules supporting user impact analysis. - Develop additional short courses targeting policy-relevant concepts (e.g., international trade in goods and services, international reserves and integrated IIP, SDMX and NSDPs). - Produce user-oriented short videos and translate existing curriculum into additional languages (e.g., Russian, Arabic). - Role in blended learning: - New online courses support asynchronous learning phases in blended learning modalities. ### Module 4 — Data dissemination and use: structure and objectives - Module 4 focus: data dissemination and use; comprises three submodules: - First submodule: continue engagement on the DSI aimed at enhancing data transparency as a global public good; build on current Japan-funded project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (to end in June 2025). - Second submodule: continue D4D-I supported work assisting countries in migration to SDMX and implementing enhanced SDMX processes for dissemination. - Third submodule: focus on data use to strengthen CD impact monitoring in response to the D4D-I external evaluation. #### Data standards submodule: DSI engagement and targets - Objective: enhance data transparency in a selection of the 87 target countries to better inform global policymaking, reduce crisis risks, and enhance public accountability. - Current eligibility (as of source): - 25 countries are eligible for launching a NSDP under e-GDDS. - 45 e-GDDS countries are eligible to advance to the SDDS. - 17 SDDS countries are eligible to advance to SDDS Plus. - Participation and tiers: - The DSI consists of three ascending tiers: the e-GDDS, the SDDS, and the SDDS Plus, with more stringent requirements at higher tiers for data coverage, periodicity, and timeliness. - Overall participation: 112 IMF member countries are participants in the e-GDDS (of which 73 have NSDPs), 47 in the SDDS, and 31 in SDDS Plus. - Expected outcomes from CD: - Improve governance of data production and dissemination. - Reduce reporting burden. - Strengthen interagency coordination. - Foster greater accountability of economic policies vis-à-vis domestic and international stakeholders. - Support modalities: - e-GDDS/SDDS missions, peer-learning workshops, and remote assistance. - Data standards missions typically staffed by two IMF staff—one on data standards and policy issues, one on technology application for data dissemination. - Peer-learning workshops to showcase country experiences, facilitate sharing, and help develop action plans. - Remote assistance for on-time support, virtual training during staff changes, and performance monitoring. - Linkages with IMF operations: - STA works with IMF Area Departments to identify data for NSDPs; the 15 encouraged data categories in the e-GDDS align with the Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance used in Article IV consultations. - Advancing through tiers leverages those 15 data categories. - IMF surveillance and lending activities can encourage progress in data transparency. #### SDMX submodule: modernizing dissemination and automation - Objective: foster more timely dissemination of key macroeconomic and financial data, including automated NSDP updates, by expanding D4D-I support for SDMX usage and enhanced dissemination processes. - Rationale: - Development of statistics alone is insufficient without modern dissemination practices and tools to ensure data are discovered, understood, and used by policymakers, researchers, and citizens. - Efficient data transmission is critical for IMF decision-making, surveillance, lending operations, and analytical work. - Current status and challenges: - 73 e-GDDS countries (of which 42 are LLMICs) post data in machine-readable SDMX format on their NSDP. - Many national agencies have limited IT infrastructure that does not well support data dissemination. - In Africa, collaboration with the African Development Bank (AfDB) allows hosting NSDPs on the AfDB Open Data Platform (ODP), which provides dissemination functionalities not yet implemented by many countries. - Planned assistance: - Address technical barriers to efficient data transmission by providing tools and knowledge to support data collections by the IMF and other international organizations. - Promote more efficient data collection and exchange to improve timeliness and automation of dissemination. - Note on approach: - Setting up an NSDP alone is not sufficient to improve dissemination capacity; compilers need modern dissemination practices and governance to ensure data discoverability, usability, and reduced dissemination/reporting burden. *Source: D4D Phase II Program Document (IMF).* ### 70. In parallel, the SDMX community has introduced a suite of training materials and tools to ### d4d-phase-ii-program-document - 70. In parallel, the SDMX community has introduced a suite of training materials and tools to ### SDMX, modernization of dissemination, and submodule design - SDMX community introduced a suite of training materials and tools to underpin the implementation of SDMX in a more fundamental way. - Modernization of processing systems is supported by a common set of tools, processes, and language support (for dissemination in more than one language). - Benefits of modernization: - Reduces dissemination and reporting burden through automated machine to machine processes. - Fully automated recurring processes for validation, dissemination and exchange, and usage improve timeliness, accessibility, and usability of data. - Implementation status: - Modern dissemination practices are becoming commonplace among higher income countries; implementation remains slower among lower-income countries. - Outdated and inefficient practices, including use of suboptimal dissemination channels such as PDF-formatted documents, remain widespread and severely limit data accessibility and usability. - Overarching objective for capacity development (CD) for data dissemination: - Assist statistical authorities to employ modern dissemination practices and tools to ensure data are discovered, understood, and used by policymakers, researchers, and citizens. - Reduce use of suboptimal dissemination channels, enable more timely and less burdensome dissemination, and increase data accessibility and usability. - Emphasis on increasing capacity for data modeling as the enabling skillset to prepare data in an SDMX-compliant format and to design, operationalize, and update presentation in both human and machine-readable formats. - Provide advice on selection and implementation of tools based on assessment of existing IT infrastructures. - Submodule delivery tiers and components: - The submodule will support the use of SDMX through three tiers: - (i) provide SDMX refresher training courses for e-GDDS participants; - (ii) support SDDS subscribers to adopt SDMX; and - (iii) assist countries to integrate innovative processes for dissemination into their existing statistical processes by offering an ecosystem of free software tools developed by the SDMX community with solutions calibrated according to existing IT infrastructures and capacity. - Training modalities: - Hands-on training to compilers to create data models and operationalize modern dissemination techniques for key macro-financial datasets. - Initial phase: regional workshops to provide hands-on training for fundamental SDMX implementation and identify demand and readiness for further assistance. - Peer-learning and STA plans to work with selected countries across several regions to achieve early successes. - Bilateral TA to consolidate learning on data modeling and operationalizing new dissemination techniques; a bilateral engagement could involve two to three missions, of which at least one would be delivered remotely. - Foundational-type training on SDMX provided through the online training curriculum (Module 3). - Regional and partner collaboration: - In the Africa region, workshops and bilateral missions will continue in collaboration with the AfDB and will benefit from their new ODP 2.0 platform which includes processes for operationalizing modern dissemination practices (including NSDP updating) and flexibility for stages to be conducted by national authorities or AfDB depending on capacity. - STA will seek opportunities to partner with other international and regional agencies supporting enhanced implementation of SDMX24 or data dissemination more generally.25 ### Data use submodule (CD impact monitoring) - Funding dedicated to assessing and measuring the use of data in evidence-based decision- and policymaking as recommended in the external evaluation of D4D-I. - Focus: - Data use to strengthen CD impact monitoring. - User outreach initiatives integrated into CD delivery operations under Modules 1, 2 and 5. - CD impact-measuring activities undertaken through various modalities aimed at gauging data use in policymaking. - Applicability: - Less relevant for core macroeconomic statistics; user-impact analysis may be more suitably applied to new statistical products (e.g., RPPI, HFIs) and enhancements producing more granular and timely statistics. ### Module 5 — Environmental and climate change statistics: objectives and components - Rationale: - Timely and quality data are key for informed decision-making on climate action. - IMF environmental and climate change statistics program aims to support countries in developing macro-relevant environmental and climate indicators that are consistent, internationally comparable and harmonized with economic and financial statistical frameworks, while adaptable to country needs. - Countries need to mainstream production of macro-relevant environmental and climate data into regular production processes to obtain reliable, coherent, and accessible data for reporting, policymaking, and informing the public. - Scope of data needs: - Wide-ranging data describing links between emissions and economic activities, transition to low carbon economy, mitigation and adaptation actions, and their effects on the economy and society are required for designing and monitoring policy responses. - Need to better link data producers and users to ensure data produced are policy-relevant and to address micro and macro data gaps. - Methodology and standards: - Methods and technical guidance for some statistics remain in experimental stages, but high demand exists for data; countries should produce indicators using best fit-for-purpose data sources. - STA working with countries and international organizations under the G-20 DGI-3 to develop methodology and templates to compile relevant information for some statistics.26 - Work will serve as input in updates of statistical standards including the Government Finance Statistics Manual, the Monetary Finance Statistics Manual, the System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework, and COFOG. - Implementable statistics with existing standards: - Energy and Air Emissions Accounts, based on SEEA, link energy and air emission supply and use directly to economic activities and economic instruments (e.g., taxes, expenditures, and subsidies). - These accounts can be used to track progress towards Net Zero Goals and assess impacts of climate-relevant fiscal measures like carbon taxes or fossil fuel subsidies. - Implementation of these accounts is aligned to CD work programs STA undertakes in national accounts, BOP and GFS. - Use of Big Data: - Big Data techniques to overcome difficulties in producing climate-related data where availability is uneven and capacity limited. - Big Data and open geospatial datasets and climate models can provide estimates of relevant macro-critical indicators for data-poor countries. - Example: physical risk indicators combining hazards, exposures, and vulnerability to inform policymakers about risks to populations, the economy, buildings and structures, and financial markets. - Global spatially-explicit datasets can be combined with national and regional data to support adaptation policy and investment in resilient infrastructure. - Module 5 objectives and activities: - Module 5 will support countries in compiling and disseminating macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics and will: - (i) guide eligible countries to strengthen statistical systems to compile relevant information for macro-relevant environmental and climate statistics; - (ii) help LLMICs to use Big Data including leveraging open geospatial datasets and climate models to obtain estimates of relevant macro critical indicators; - (iii) support countries in integrating environment and climate-related statistics in existing macroeconomic frameworks; - (iv) address data gaps with respect to energy, air emissions, government revenues, expenditures, and financing; - (v) equip country authorities with climate finance and climate risk related statistics which pose challenges to financial stability; - (vi) facilitate building institutional frameworks to establish data governance for environmental and climate change data in select countries. - Integration with macro frameworks: - Updates of the SNA and BPM extend the economic measurement framework to sustainability measurement, including natural capital, depletion of natural resources, and elaboration of climate finance instruments. - Module 5 will contribute to implementation of these accounts as well as physical flow accounts linked to production, consumption, and accumulation (e.g., energy and air emission accounts, material flow accounts, water accounts) and fiscal measures. - Upcoming updates to GFSM, MFS Manual, and SEEA Central Framework will result in guidelines for compiling macro-relevant environmental and climate indicators. - Fiscal and climate finance focus: - Many countries face rising debt levels and competing development challenges alongside climate adaptation needs. - Targeted CD support to address data gaps on government revenues, expenditure measures, and financing related to: - (i) carbon pricing and tax incentives; - (ii) green public investment, green subsidies, and targeted transfers; - (iii) green financing needs (public debt and multilateral support). - Climate-fiscal statistics and data are essential for evaluating risks and creating policies to reach climate goals cost-efficiently and sustainably. - Climate finance and climate risk related statistics component: - Boost expertise in climate finance data to enable countries to understand methodologies, access reliable data sources, develop indicators, and produce and disseminate key climate finance statistics (e.g., green debt securities and loans) on a regular basis. - Address methodology on climate risk analysis, with special focus on transition risks related to the financial sector and financial stability. - Strengthen institutions’ analytical capabilities for assessing and mitigating climate-related risks to safeguard financial stability and resilience. - Institutional and governance challenges: - A major challenge is lack of institutional framework to facilitate coordination and data sharing among different institutions. - Environment and climate data are often collected by many agencies using different definitions and classifications and may not follow quality standards. - Absence of governance mechanisms, insufficient technical capacity to mainstream climate into macroeconomic statistics, and inadequate data sharing policies are typical in many LLMICs. - STA plans to partner with countries that have advanced expertise in building supportive institutional frameworks to assist LLMICs in improving coordination and establishing data governance for environmental and climate change statistical programs. - Delivery modalities: - STA envisages supporting countries through training and workshops delivered in-person, virtual, and blended formats. - This workstream has a separate module with a stand-alone strategic log frame to monitor progress toward objectives. - CD activities will also be mapped to other workstreams under Module 1 (real and external sector, government finance statistics) and Module 4 (data dissemination and use), as well as financial sector statistics focusing on climate change and other climate risk related statistics. ### Country eligibility, selection criteria, and expansion proposals - Eligibility criteria for D4D-II: - Will be the same as used in D4D-I. - Focus will remain on LLMICs and FCS. - Selection of individual countries for D4D-funded projects will aim at maximizing outcomes from CD activities as per strategic log frame. - A country will receive assistance from the D4D Fund if approved by the SC and will remain eligible for follow-up assistance. - Selection guidance: - Country ownership: CD delivery will be demand-driven, based on authority requests and commitment to implement reforms; a good track record in implementing past IMF TA advice will be considered. - Absorption capacity: Availability of sufficient human resources to support effective implementation of TA recommendations is an important consideration. - Relevance: Priority to countries and projects linked to authorities’ broad reform agenda, support IMF surveillance and/or lending, and the D4D Fund strategic log frame. - Complementarities: Coordination with ongoing and planned activities of the World Bank and other CD providing agencies will be key in designing work plans and sequencing CD support. - Proposed eligibility expansion: - Desirable to expand eligibility beyond the LLMIC group recognizing the LLMIC group is a moving group with countries entering and exiting over time and acknowledging dire statistics CD needs for some non-LLMICs (e.g., FCS or small developing states). - Proposal to maintain engagement with countries initially in LLMIC group if they leave the grouping during the phase, and to make permanent expansion eligibility for non-LLMICs that are within a ten percent range from the LLMIC ceiling.29 - Proposed expansion of D4D-eligibility to non-LLMIC countries on a case-by-case basis, preferably at program level, but at least for Module 4 (data dissemination) and Module 5 (environmental and climate change statistics). - If any LLMIC has an incomplete project at the end of D4D-I, the project would transition to D4D-II even if the country classification is no longer an LLMIC. *Source: IMF — D4D Phase II Program Document* ### 90. CD delivered under D4D-II will continue to be fully integrated with the surveillance and ### D4D-II Program Document (excerpt) ### Integration with IMF surveillance and lending; CD design and delivery - CD delivered under D4D-II will continue to be fully integrated with the surveillance and lending activities of the IMF. - CD activities under D4D-II will be taken into account in the policy advice provided by IMF country teams during Article IV consultations and in the design of structural benchmarks and reform measures in IMF lending programs in D4D-recipient countries. - CD activities will inform Country Engagement Strategies in FCS. - IMF surveillance and lending work will guide and update CD priorities and encourage implementation of CD advice. - TA work plans will be designed in close consultation with Area Departments and take account of the DAA. - The mutually beneficial relationship between CD and surveillance/lending will be reflected in project proposals and annual reports submitted to the SC. - Greater flexibility would be considered regarding CD prioritization, design, and delivery, to respond to country needs and circumstances. ### CD prioritization and alignment with IMF strategies - CD prioritization and delivery will be consistent with existing IMF strategies, guidelines, principles, and review recommendations. - Factors to tailor CD include: - local circumstances and absorptive capacity of individual countries; - eligibility for IMF lending and surveillance programs; - extent to which the priority aligns with the overarching D4D Fund objectives. ### Integration with other IMF CD work - D4D-funded activities will be designed to complement other IMF CD delivered by regional capacity development centers (RCDC) or under other TA initiatives. - Project managers will maintain close contacts with RCDCs and IMF area department teams to coordinate IMF CD efforts. - Coordination will similarly occur with other funding vehicles such as the Financial Sector Stability Fund and Japan-funded projects, and with functional departments across the IMF. - Examples of integrated work include: - government finance and public debt workstreams with the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department; - improving gender data disaggregation for financial inclusion with the IMF’s Monetary and the Capital Markets Department; - STA’s development of climate indicators collaborating with the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs and Monetary and Capital Markets Departments. ### Coordination with other CD providers and international partners - D4D-II CD delivery will be closely coordinated with other development partners whenever possible, pursuing close program- and project-level coordination with the World Bank within current IMF-World Bank coordination mechanisms on CD, methodology and data. - Coordination mechanisms include periodic meetings, STA peer review of new World Bank statistics projects, and TA project manager engagement with World Bank counterparts. The World Bank participates as an observer in D4D Fund SC meetings. - Other CD providers active in beneficiary countries include the United Nations, regional development banks, bilateral government institutions, sub-regional organizations (SADC, MEFMI, WAIFEM, WAEMU), and specialized agencies such as PARIS21 and AFRISTAT; project managers will maintain close contacts to avoid duplication, optimize cross-fertilization, and leverage comparative strengths. - Coordination with the AfDB includes leveraging the ODP (Open Data Platform) and the “Africa Information Highway” initiative; AfDB staff join all e-GDDS missions for African countries to provide training on ODP and attend workshops on data dissemination. ### Governance structure and operational arrangements - The SC is the overarching governing body of the D4D Fund and will be composed of partner representatives and IMF staff. - A partner representative will chair the SC, with chairpersonship rotating among partners annually. - IMF staff will serve as the Secretariat to the SC. - SC meetings will be held semi-annually in June (hybrid) and January (virtual only). - The World Bank will be invited to participate in SC meetings as an observer; potential new partners may be invited as observers on a non-objection basis from SC members. - IMF staff will ensure a regular flow of information between SC meetings and consult formally or informally with the SC as needed. - The SC will provide strategic guidance, endorse rolling 18-month work plans, and review progress under approved work plans. IMF staff will prepare an annual report for discussion at the June SC meeting. - The IMF will continue a demand-driven approach to design of work plans. ### Results measurement, RBM alignment, and log frames - D4D-II objectives will be presented in a strategic log frame to measure and monitor results at module, submodule, and workstream levels. - The log frame will build on the RBM catalogue developed following IMF CDMAP, use SMART indicators, and reflect recommendations from the external evaluation of D4D-I. - The program-level log frame will report results at a strategic level, complementing and aggregating log frames at individual project level. IMF staff will update project log frames annually. - CD planning, management, and resource use under D4D-II will be fully aligned with the IMF’s RBM framework to foster accountability, impact, and sustainability. - Reporting through project logical frameworks and the program-level results framework will be a major part of updates to the D4D SC. - The D4D-II program will be monitored through a strategic results framework (Annex II) with set program objectives, outcomes, and indicators. Modular-level indicators, aggregated from project results, will measure portfolio results. Each individual project will have a comprehensive log frame aligned with D4D-II strategic results and CDMAP, using verifiable indicators measured from a baseline state to a target state through intermediate milestones. ### Program management, change management, and risk assessment - The D4D Fund will be managed by a dedicated STA staff team consisting of a Program Manager and several project managers. - The Program Manager, based in STA’s Resource Management Division, will: - oversee project managers’ activities and ensure coherence and impact at the funding program level; - integrate CD activity, budgeting, and strategic log frame aspects; - prepare and update the D4D Fund work plan with project managers; - facilitate coordination internally and externally with the World Bank and other partners; - provide guidance to IMF staff on D4D Fund policies and procedures; - liaise with SC members and ensure high-quality reporting to the SC. - Project managers, based in topical divisions, will develop, manage, and report on work plans at workstream level in consultation with stakeholders. - D4D-II will adopt a more robust change management approach including: - assessment of operational capacity of authorities (staffing, organization, roles, responsibilities) before TA implementation; - adapting ongoing projects to changes in authorities’ absorption capacity; - continual assessment of risk factors and pursuit of mitigation measures (see Annex V). - Project managers will report progress in individual project log frames; the Program Manager will use these to monitor implementation of strategic log frame objectives. ### Work plan, project selection, and evaluation - Projects will be initiated in the context of a rolling 18-month work plan requiring SC approval during the annual meeting. - Project selection and TA delivery will be demand-driven based on identified needs and country requests; IMF area departments will play a vital role in identifying where eligible member countries would benefit most. - TA prioritization will be based on country needs, authorities’ commitment to implement recommendations, distribution across regions and modules, and coordination with other development partners. - At each SC meeting the IMF will report on progress and submit a new work plan for endorsement. - The D4D-II will undergo an external evaluation, preferably no later than 40 months after commencement of activities and subject to discussion with D4D Fund partners. - The evaluation will assess effectiveness and sustainability, offer lessons learned and recommendations, and inform CD design and delivery for the remainder of the five-year phase (and beyond if applicable). - The evaluation is expected to take place in IMF FY 2028, subject to a satisfactory rate of execution of CD activities. ### Communication and dissemination policies - Visibility of the D4D Fund will continue to be ensured to enhance public profile and partners’ visibility. - Communication channels include: - the IMF’s main webpage; - a dedicated D4D Fund website launched at the beginning of D4D-I; - the IMF’s X and LinkedIn accounts dedicated to CD and Data; - the IMF’s Annual Report, STA’s CD Annual Report, and other targeted publications; - outreach events, including CD Talks during the IMF-World Bank Annual and Spring meetings; - IMF press releases. - Partners will be systematically recognized in outreach activities, with explicit acknowledgement online and in publications. The D4D Fund external website will continue to be maintained and enhanced. - Dissemination policies of country-specific TA documents will be guided by IMF transparency policies. - TA reports may be shared with SC members with consent of the TA recipient; consent will be deemed given if a TA recipient does not object within 30 days from the TA report’s transmittal letter. - Sharing TA reports with non-SC development partners will be determined case-by-case with the consent of the TA recipient. The IMF will encourage D4D-recipient countries to publish TA reports. ### Financing, duration, and budget assumptions - D4D-II will cover five years (May 2025-April 2030) with an estimated program budget of US$45 million. - The increase from US$33.1 million in D4D-I largely reflects the broadening of the scope of work. - Budget assumptions include: - Modules 1-2 will remain broadly within the same nominal budget envelope as for D4D-I. - The stationing of one resident advisor for the duration of D4D-II is factored into the Module 1 budget. - The level of TA missions will remain similar to D4D-I; broader country eligibility will not result in higher costs as only a selection of countries will receive TA in each work plan cycle. - Widening blended learning will reduce travel-related costs for CD delivery. - The online learning curriculum under Module 3 will be slightly smaller than D4D-I, with four new courses planned to be developed and four courses planned for updates to adapt to new international methodological standards. - Module 4 (Data Dissemination and Use) will build on progress under the Japan-funded Project on Improving Data Dissemination for Globally Selected Countries (commenced in 2021) and integrates user impact analysis into CD operations. - Module 5 (Environmental and Climate Change Statistics) will build on lessons from the Switzerland-funded pilot project commencing in 2023 (targeting ten countries). - Assist countries in tapping Big Data sources to augment scope and timeliness of statistical programs and support new programs (for example in environmental and climate change statistics). - Given increased scope and resource needs, additional fundraising will be pursued to bring in new contributors to D4D-II. ### D4D-II Estimated Budget (FY 2026-30) — selected figures and totals - Program duration: FY 2026 through FY 2030 (May 2025-April 2030). - Aggregate totals by module (Total column as shown): - Module 1 - Addressing Data Needs to Empower Policymaking: 20,681,444 - Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics: 8,272,578 - External Sector Statistics: 5,170,361 - Real Sector Statistics: 7,238,505 - Module 2 - Financial Access Survey: 3,519,284 - Module 3 - Online Learning: 5,377,364 - Module 4 - Data Dissemination and Use: 5,152,513 - Data Standards: 3,606,759 - SDMX: 1,288,128 - Data Use: 257,626 - Module 5 - Environmental and Climate Change Statistics: 5,817,362 - Program Management: 1,272,932 - Governance & Evaluation: 282,200 - Annual totals (Total row shown): - FY 2026: 8,967,495 - FY 2027: 7,977,294 - FY 2028: 8,213,212 - FY 2029: 8,454,081 - FY 2030: 8,491,018 - Total (sum of annual totals): 42,103,099 - 7% TFM Fees (annual and total shown): - FY 2026: 627,725 - FY 2027: 558,4111 - FY 2028: 574,925 - FY 2029: 591,786 - FY 2030: 594,371 - Total 7% TFM Fees: 2,947,217 - Total (including 7% TFM): - FY 2026: 9,595,220 - FY 2027: 8,535,704 - FY 2028: 8,788,137 - FY 2029: 9,045,866 - FY 2030: 9,085,389 - Total (including 7% TFM): 45,050,316 - Note: Budget contingent on demand for CD services materializing, IMF’s capacity to execute the work program, and available funding from partners. *Source: D4D-II program document (IMF).* ### 108. All contributions from partners will be made into the multi-partner D4D Subaccount under ### D4D Fund — Financial Arrangements; Annex I: Key Actions Arising from the D4D Fund External Evaluation ### Financial arrangements and administration - All contributions from partners will be made into the multi-partner D4D Subaccount under the IMF’s Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities. - An operating unit will be established under the Subaccount to receive contributions and finance activities under the D4D Fund. - All funds will be commingled. - The basis for the financial arrangements between partners and the IMF will be a Letter of Understanding and subject to the terms and conditions of the Subaccount, as well as the Selected Fund Activities instrument. - The IMF will administer and account for all partner contributions in accordance with its financial regulations and other applicable IMF practices and procedures. - If the IMF recruits outside consultants and experts, it will do so in accordance with its normal procedures. - The IMF maintains a roster of international experts whose certification is based on globally established expertise, strong performance records, and proven familiarity with international best practices. ### Procurement, project costs, and fees - For any procurement of goods and services beyond a certain threshold amount (currently US$50,000), IMF regulations require a competitive bidding process with at least three competitive bids. - The IMF will charge all project-related costs of TA provided under the thematic fund based on actual cost, including for IMF staff time to oversee and deliver operations under the instrument. - The IMF charges a trust fund management fee of 7 percent. ### Reporting and audit - The IMF will provide partners with reports on the Subaccount’s expenditures and commitments. - The operations and transactions conducted through the Subaccount will be subjected to annual audits. - Separate reporting on the execution of the D4D Fund budget will be provided at each SC meeting and is available on an ongoing basis via the IMF’s partner portal at https://www.imfconnect.org/. ### Annex I — Seven-point recommendations of the D4D Fund external evaluation and IMF responses - Source: Recommendations are listed according to the priority as set out in the external evaluation report. IMF responses are adapted and updated from the response presented to the D4D Fund SC Meeting in Oslo Norway in June 2023. 1. Impact and sustainability — Take steps to move from a “CD delivery” to a “change management” approach - IMF CD planning has adopted rolling three-year medium-term work plans that are periodically reviewed and updated. - STA country management practices enhanced to ensure more regular dialogue on medium-term work plans progress and on data usage. - Country ownership of medium-term work plans will be strengthened by engagement with country authorities at an earlier stage. - Absorption capacities will be assessed more frequently, and modalities deployed to help embed and sustain statistical reforms (e.g., more integrated training and TA). - Compilation processes would be documented to mitigate the risks of frequent staff rotation. Resources such as online learning and STA How-to Notes will also be promoted. - New CD delivery modalities will be leveraged to ensure training activities are more oriented to data compilation. - New user-oriented courses will be introduced under D4D-II to complement existing online learning curriculum which includes modules on use of data for policy purposes. - The DAA would support project impact and sustainability analysis. Compliance with IMF data standards (now included in D4D-II) would also aid analysis. 2. Relevance, internal coherence, effectiveness, impact, sustainability — During intervention planning and design, include an explicit requirement to provide a clear needs assessment for data use - Pre-project engagements with the authorities on how potential CD interventions would address data gaps as well as country readiness to embark on a new project to be mainstreamed. - Countries would be encouraged to conduct national user consultations on key statistics projects (e.g., GDP rebasing). - Impact would also be gauged through other IMF channels (such as DAA and Regional Strategy Notes). A FAS User Advisory Group is to advise on improving the quality, coverage, and outreach of the FAS. 3. Relevance, effectiveness, impact, sustainability — Require a more systematic assessment of ownership and absorption capacity - Diagnostic missions will include use case analysis where feasible; and address more directly, countries’ resource availability and absorptive capacity through engagements with key stakeholders, including both compiling and source data-providing agencies. 4. Impact — Improve impact monitoring and evaluation at the level of data users - Information on the use of data for policy analysis and decisions to draw on user surveys and readily available information in government policy publications. - Specific actions on Module 2 (FAS) are outlined in paragraphs 55-58 of the document. - Data use work program included in Module 4 of D4D-II. 5. External coherence — Enhance coordination and strengthen synergies with other development partners - Coordination with the World Bank on statistical activities exists (e.g., on financial inclusion, PSDS, national accounts, prices, climate); and will be enhanced. - Collaboration with regional partners to be increased, particularly for the new modules in D4D-II. - D4D Fund Annual Reports will feature more systematic reporting on how D4D Fund-supported CD is complementary to those of other development partners. - Stronger push to disseminate high-level summaries and more technical assistance reports on the IMF website. 6. Efficiency and effectiveness — Further tailor the RBM framework to the D4D Fund - To better fit country context, the number of objectives available in the RBM Catalog has expanded; and environmental and climate statistics were added. - Inputs for monitoring and reporting of the strategic log frame of the D4D Fund will be directly drawn from CDMAP, ensuring ratings of outcomes and milestones are properly and timely recorded in CDMAP. Annual project assessments are a part of the CDMAP deliverables. 7. Efficiency and effectiveness — Continue developing and institutionalizing the blended (online and in-person) CD delivery mode - Blended learning is now an established training delivery modality and will increase as more online training courses are offered in other languages. - Leveraging the online learning curriculum, the blended modality would also be used in TA. - The completion of online (foundational) courses as a precondition for attending in-person workshops and trainings to be phased in. - Hybrid CD delivery to be leveraged to efficiently draw on the expertise of other international/regional organizations to sharpen the focus of training programs. *D4D Phase II Program Document — International Monetary Fund* ### Annex II. D4D-II—Strategic Log Frame ### Annex II. D4D-II—Strategic Log Frame ### D4D Fund’s Strategic Objective - Strengthening national statistical systems to cope with a challenging national and international policy environment, and fostering data transparency and accountability. - All indicators are targeted for completion by the end of the D4D-II five-year period. ### Module 1 — Access to better and more data to empower decision making and enhance public transparency and accountability: Fiscal and Public Debt Statistics (GFS) - Objective 1: Strengthened compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics (GFS). - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi-country training courses. - Data source: Workshop/seminar evaluation results (pre and post). - Source data adequacy and granularity: - At least 15 countries have improved sources and granularity of fiscal data to enable better classifications, consolidation, and compilation of GFS for general government (public sector) and its subsectors. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV staff reports. - Methodological adherence: - At least five countries compile and disseminate GFS data following the GFSM 2014 framework. - At least five countries compile and disseminate functional expenditure transactions data (COFOG) according to the GFSM 2014 guidelines. - At least five countries report increased coverage and scope of institutional sector from Budgetary Central Government (BCG) to General Government (GG) sector (or public sector including significant SOEs). - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CDMAP activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Migration to GFSM 2014: - At least five countries have developed and/or are implementing a migration plan and timetable to gradually adopt the GFSM 2014 guidelines for GFS data compilation and dissemination. - Periodicity, timeliness, consistency, and statistical discrepancies: - At least 15 countries are compiling and disseminating GFS data for BCG/GG sector on quarterly or monthly basis. [GFS data disseminated meet the requirements of e-GDDS/ SDDS]. - At least 15 countries improve the timeliness of data dissemination to the public (shorter delays). - At least 15 countries’ annual and sub-annual GFS data have an acceptable statistical discrepancy between net lending/borrowing versus financial assets and liabilities. [Above and below the line statistical discrepancy is reduced to less than 1% of GDP]. - At least 15 countries’ flows data on financial assets and liabilities are reconcilable with changes in stocks of financial assets and liabilities [Stocks-flows statistical discrepancy is reduced to less than 1% of GDP]. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs and IMF databases; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Data and metadata accessibility: - At least 15 countries have a comprehensive sources and methods document that is updated regularly (at least twice during the project period). - At least 15 countries’ metadata are publicly available and are regularly updated. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, and/or country websites; IMF databases. - Objective 2: Strengthened compilation and dissemination of public sector debt statistics (PSDS). - Staff capacity: - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi country training courses. - Data source: Workshop/seminar evaluation results (pre and post). - Source data adequacy: - At least eight countries have improved sources and granularity of public debt data to enable better classifications, consolidation, and compilation of PSDS for budgetary central government (BCG)/(or public sector) and its subsectors. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; IMF CDMAP annual assessment and TA reports; Dissemination on NSDPs IMF databases; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Methodological basis: - At least 15 countries compile and disseminate PSDS following the PSDSG 2011 framework, concepts, and definitions. - At least five countries report increased debt instruments coverage (including other financial liabilities such as arrears,) and/or contingent liabilities to SOE. - At least five countries report increased institutional sector coverage from BCG to GG sector (or public sector incl. significant SOEs) in PSDS data. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; IMF CDMAP annual assessment and TA reports; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; IMF/World Bank QPSDS database; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports, including Debt Sustainability Analyses. - Periodicity, timeliness, consistency: - At least 10 countries are compiling and disseminating PSDS data for Budgetary Central Government (BCG) monthly or quarterly. - At least 10 countries’ PSDS data published meet the required periodicity and timeliness as per the e-GDDS/ SDDS, or SDDS Plus, and are consistent overtime. - At least five countries’ PSDS data are compiled and reported via the Joint IMF-World Bank Quarterly Public Sector Debt (QPSD) database. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports; IMF databases, IMF-World Bank (QPSD) database. - Data and metadata accessibility: - At least 10 countries have a comprehensive sources and methods document that is updated regularly (at least twice during the project period). - At least ten countries’ metadata are publicly available and are regularly updated. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites. ### Module 1 — External Sector Statistics (BOP/IIP, Reserve Data, External Debt, CDIS/CPIS) - Objective 1: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of balance of payments and international investment position statistics (BOP/IIP). - Source data adequacy: - At least 15 countries develop and utilize new surveys and other source data to improve the coverage of direct investment, other sectors coverage, remittances, and informal trade data. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Methodological basis: - At least ten countries implement or have plans in place to implement BPM7 to compile BOP and IIP. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Periodicity, timeliness: - At least 15 countries are compiling quarterly IIP with a timeliness as per the e-GDDS or SDDS, as appropriate. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - New data sets and capacity: - At least 15 countries are compiling and disseminating integrated IIP statement. - At least 15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi country training courses. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Objective 2: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of reserve data template (IRFCL). - New data set: - At least ten additional countries compile and disseminate a monthly international reserve and foreign currency liquidity (IRFCL) template. - Note: (As of April 2024, 21 countries compile and report monthly IRFCL). - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Objective 3: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of external debt statistics. - New data set: - At least 15 countries begin reporting external debt statistics. - Note: (As of April 2024, 39 countries compile and report quarterly EDS). - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, WB Database, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports including Debt Sustainability Analyses. - Methodological improvements: - At least 10 countries have improved their statistical methodology as measured by an assessment conducted by STA missions. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, WB Database and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports including Debt Sustainability Analyses. - Objective 4: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of coordinated direct investment survey (CDIS). - New data set: - At least five eligible countries are added to the IMF’s CDIS. - Data source: CDIS Database. - Objective 5: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of coordinated portfolio investment survey (CPIS). - New data set: - At least five eligible countries are added to the IMF’s CPIS. - Data source: CPIS Database. ### Module 1 — Real Sector Statistics (High-Frequency Indicators, National Accounts, Price Statistics) - Objective 1: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of high-frequency indicators (HFIs). - New data sets: - At least six countries have developed and released one of the following indicators internally and/or to the public: - Monthly indicator of economic growth, composite indicators, and sentiment indicators. - Monthly indicator for relevant economic activities, such as industrial production, services production, retail sales, tourism, and international trade. - Data sources: Assessments through the IMF CD activities; Dissemination on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Source data adequacy: - At least 12 countries (with HFIs at the start of D4D-II) have improved the coverage and timeliness of the source data, including by using non-traditional source data (VAT or Big Data). - Data sources: Assessments through the IMF CD activities; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Methodological basis: - At least 12 countries (with HFIs at the start of D4D-II) have improved the methodologies used to compile HFIs of economic activity. - Data source: Follow-up assessments through the IMF CD activities. - Objective 2: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of National Production, Income and Expenditure (national accounts). - New data sets and revisions: - New rebased national accounts series in at least 10 countries. - New or revised quarterly measures of economic activity in at least two countries. - New or revised estimates of the non-observed economy, particularly the informal economy, or the digital economy in at least five countries. - Sectoral account decomposition and cross-sectoral linkages in at least two countries. - Data sources: Assessments through the IMF CD; Dissemination internally, on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Methodological improvements: - Methodological improvements according to the 2008 SNA or the 2025 SNA in at least two countries. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through the IMF CD activities. - Source data adequacy: - Expanded source data by using non-traditional source data (VAT or Big Data) for national accounts purposes in at least eight countries. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through the IMF CD activities. - Objective 3: Strengthen compilation and dissemination of Consumer Price Statistics, Producer and Trade Price Statistics, and Property Price Statistics. - New data sets: - For at least 12 countries, a first time or new vintage price index is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public (CPI, PPI, XMPI, RPPI, CPPI). - For at least five of these 12 countries, data and metadata sufficient to support data analysis have been developed and are available to users. - Data sources: Dissemination internally, on NSDPs, IMF databases, and/or country websites; DAA in IMF Article IV and program staff reports. - Methodological and source data improvements: - For at least five countries, the coverage of the price index is expanded in terms of geography, activity, type of property, etc. - For at least five countries, a new source data that aligns with the concept being estimated is identified and used to compile the price measure. - Data sources: Follow-up assessments through IMF CD activities e.g., bilateral TA missions. ### Module 2 — Financial Access Survey (FAS): Support global financial inclusion policymaking - Objective 1: Sustain and improve the FAS database in terms of quality, reporting, coverage, and usage. - Staff capacity: - At least15 percentage points increase in the average post-test score compared to the average pre-test score for multi country training courses. - Data source: Workshop/seminar evaluation results (pre and post). - Sustained annual production and quality: - Data are collected using enhanced statistical techniques, including processing source data, and/or assessing and validating intermediate data and statistical outputs on a continuous basis, with an enhanced validation tool in line with the revised FAS guidelines. - Metadata sufficient to support data analysis have been developed and are available to users, including clear identification of data reporting characteristics for at least one third of the participating LLMICs. - Data source: FAS Database and Metadata. - Improved reporting coverage: - Participation reporting information on small and medium enterprises increased from 113 to up to 130 for small and medium enterprises (compared to the 2023 benchmark). - Participation reporting information on the gender breakdown increased from 83 to up to 95 for gender-disaggregated data (compared to the 2023 benchmark). - Additional data series: - At least 20 percent of the participating LLMICs provide additional gender-disaggregated data series on traditional and non-traditional financial services to be included in the questionnaire (from 15 to at least 20 gender-disaggregated data series). - At least one third of the participating LLMICs provide additional data series reflecting recent innovations in the financial sector to be included in the questionnaire (from 9 to up to 20 fintech-enabled financial inclusion data series - mobile money and mobile and internet banking). - Improved usage: - FAS data are featured in IMF country reports and policy documents, from an average of 8 to up to 15 IMF country reports per year, on average. - Baseline average of 8 sourced from Internal STA’s Data Product Evaluation 2023 (statistical product as source). - Relevant information from FAS is published or used in Central Bank’s websites and/or reports for about 20 percent of countries that participate in the FAS webinars/workshops. - Data sources: Monitored via ad hoc surveys on usage of the FAS data, e.g., by the second and fifth year of the D4D-II period; usage to be incentivized during webinars and workshops. ### Module 3 — Expand global reach of statistics training: online learning curriculum - Outcomes and targets: - At least four courses from D4D-I curriculum are updated to reflect newly adopted international standards (e.g., SNA, BPM). - At least four new courses are developed. - At least two short user-oriented courses are launched. - Certification from online training established as entry requirement to improve efficiency of face-to-face intermediate and advanced training, including blended learning CD modality. - All courses of the curriculum are translated in at least two additional languages beyond English. - Reaching at least 500 participants on average for each online course in the curriculum. - Data source: IMF tracking system for online learning, including course participation and completion rate, pre-survey on online course information and post-survey. ### Module 4 — Strengthen data transparency through IMF Data Standards Initiatives; SDMX and data use - Data Dissemination Objective 1: Implement the e-GDDS. - NSDP dissemination: - A NSDP is disseminated for at least 25 percent of the countries that do not have NSDPs at the beginning of the D4D-II work program (see Annex III). - At least half of the e-GDDS countries with NSDPs at the beginning of the program achieve a timeliness rate of at least 50%. - Data sources: Data on the NSDP are from the authorities’ data sources (national statistical institutes, central banks, and ministries of finance). - Note: The timeliness rate is measured as the number of categories disseminated on time over total number of categories that the authorities are committed to timely dissemination. - Data Dissemination Objective 2: Subscribe to SDDS. - Targets: - At least 20 percent of the countries eligible to advance to SDDS at the beginning of the D4D-II work program will subscribe to the SDDS. - At least 20 percent of the SDDS countries at the beginning of the program will adopt SDMX. - Data source: SDDS subscription evidenced through Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB). - Data Dissemination Objective 3: Adhere to SDDS Plus. - Target: - At least 20 percent of the countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus at the beginning of the program will meet SDDS Plus requirements. - Data source: Adherence to the SDDS Plus evidenced through DSBB. - SDMX and Data Use Objective 1: Modern dissemination and machine-to-machine access. - Improved data accessibility: - Implement ODP 2.0 in at least five AFR countries in collaboration with AfDB. - Move from suboptimal data dissemination channels (e.g., PDF) to modern techniques in at least three non-AFR countries. - At least eight countries use automated processes for updating their NSDPs. - Data sources: NSDPs (including ODP in AFR region); National websites. - Improved policy use: - Authorities and/or IMF staff used D4D-improved data for policymaking and/or surveillance in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 1. - Demonstrated policy use of climate indicators in at least half of beneficiary countries for Module 5. - Data sources: Ad hoc user surveys/consultations; usage of data in the Fund’s IMF Article IV and program staff reports. ### Module 5 — Select macro-relevant environmental and climate change statistics - Outcomes and targets: - A new vintage of Air Emissions and/or Energy and/or Other Environmental Accounts is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least 10 countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - A new vintage of physical and/or transition risk indicators is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least 10 countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - A new vintage of climate expenditures, subsidies and/or finance is developed and disseminated internally and/or to the public for at least 10 countries, with a clear data governance policy established. - Data sources: Dissemination internally, global databases, and/or country websites. *Source: D4D-II program document Annex II. D4D-II—Strategic Log Frame.* ### Annex III. List of Countries Eligible for Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination ### Annex III. List of Countries Eligible for Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination Standards Initiatives ### Overview - The pool of potential beneficiary countries under Module 4 of D4D-II is grouped as follows: - countries that are yet to launch an NSDP: 24 countries (Annex Table 3.1) - countries that participate in e-GDDS with an NSDP and can progress to SDDS: 45 countries (Annex Table 3.2) - countries that participate in SDDS and can progress to SDDS Plus: 17 countries (Annex Table 3.3) - The SDDS Plus was introduced in 2015 and targets systematically important countries by expanding the SDDS requirements to include economic and financial data that tracks financial network linkages to help assess financial stability. - The document notes that SDDS Plus has attracted the interest of countries aiming to enhance their standing in international capital markets and that most countries in Annex Table 3.3 are tapping international capital markets; advancing dissemination of broader macroeconomic and financial data can help deepen financial stability analysis. ### Annex Table 3.1. Countries eligible for launching an NSDP under e-GDDS - AFR / APD / MCD / WHD - Central African Republic - Comoros - Congo, Dem. Rep. - Congo, Rep. - Eritrea - Guinea-Bissau - Liberia - Mali - Niger - Papua New Guinea - South Sudan - Kiribati - Solomon Islands - Iran (Islamic Republic of) - Lebanon - Sudan - Syrian Arab Republic - Yemen - Algeria - Djibouti - Bolivia - Haiti - Nicaragua - Belize - Note: Countries in bold are outside the IMF DSI while the other countries participate in e-GDDS by posting metadata but have not yet launched NSDPs. ### Annex Table 3.2. e-GDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS - AFR / AFR / APD / MCD / WHD - Angola - Benin - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cabo Verde - Cameroon - Chad - Côte d'Ivoire - eSwatini - Ethiopia - Gambia, The - Ghana - Guinea - Kenya - Lesotho - Madagascar - Malawi - Mozambique - Nigeria - Rwanda - Samoa - São Tomé and Príncipe - Sierra Leone - Tanzania - Togo - Uganda - Zambia - Zimbabwe - Bangladesh - Bhutan - Cambodia - Lao PDR - Micronesia, Federated States of - Myanmar - Nepal - Timor-Leste - Vanuatu - Vietnam - Pakistan - Somalia - Tajikistan - Uzbekistan ### Annex Table 3.3. SDDS countries eligible to advance to SDDS Plus - AFR / APD / EUR / MCD / WHD - Namibia - Senegal - India - Indonesia - Mongolia - Philippines - Sri Lanka - Korea, Rep. of* - Ukraine - Armenia - Egypt - Jordan - Kyrgyz Republic - Morocco - Tunisia - West Bank and Gaza - El Salvador - * Not D4D-eligible ### Annex IV and Annex V (summary of topics listed) - Annex IV: Periodicity and Timeliness Requirements/Expectations under Different Tiers of the IMF Data Dissemination Standards Initiatives. - Annex V: Strategic Results Framework Risk and Mitigation Matrix, including mitigation measures addressing: - Potential delay in demand for CD due to lags by national statistics-producing agencies in adopting and implementing statistical reforms: - Work plans discussed with authorities at design stage, with prerequisites for implementation clearly identified. - D4D Fund work programs designed with flexibility to accommodate CD demands of countries moving at varying paces in implementing reforms. - External climate and conditions: - Work with IMF country teams and other development partners to analyze risks to data compilation and dissemination and propose potential measures to minimize such risks. - Management and technical: - Invest in institutional-type training and awareness at higher levels, particularly in the new D4D-II modules (data standards and environmental and climate change statistics). - Further integration of TA and training to build technical expertise in CD beneficiary agencies. - Political support: - Leverage the IMF’s convening power with national authorities to promote statistical reforms and data governance, particularly in the areas of data standards and environmental and climate change statistics. - Invest in institutional-type training and awareness at higher levels, especially in the new D4D II modules (data standards and environmental and climate change statistics). - Monitor milestone implementation at the country project level regularly and carefully and discuss the status implementation with the authorities. - Resource adequacy: - Use IMF diagnostic and assessment tools (including the DAA and STA diagnostic assessments) to design prioritized work programs taking account of resource constraints. - Promote documentation of business process to address staff rotation. - Work with other development partners to assess capacity issues and propose ways to address them. --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/capacity-developement/d4d/june-2024/d4d-phase-ii-program-document.pdf_