## 1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1musea2025003-source-pdf.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1musea2025003-source-pdf.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1musea2025003-source-pdf.pdf.json) --- ### Overall assessment and context - This Data ROSC updates assessments from 2002 and 2008 and a multi sector mission in 2013, using the 2025 pilot version of the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF). - Coverage: national accounts, consumer and producer price indexes, government finance, public sector debt, monetary and financial, balance of payments, and international investment position statistics. - Institutional responsibilities: - Statistics Mauritius (SM): national accounts, prices, government finance statistics (the latter based on data provided by the Ministry of Finance (MOF)). - Bank of Mauritius (BOM): monetary and financial, balance of payments, and international investment position statistics. - MOF: public sector debt statistics. - Mauritius has subscribed to the SDDS since February 2012; generally meets SDDS requirements for coverage, periodicity, and timeliness. Performance largely meets SDDS Plus requirements with additional improvements needed on sectoral balance sheets, general government operations, and compilation of debt securities data. - Two top-priority recommendations: - Amend the Statistics Act to strengthen professional independence of the Director of Statistics Mauritius and modernize provisions for data sharing and access to administrative records across the National Statistical System. - Initiate steps toward full SDDS Plus adherence, including formulating a comprehensive transition plan to address outstanding gaps. ### Legal and institutional environment; assurances of integrity - Strengths: - Statistics Act mandates SM to compile official statistics (national accounts, CPI, PPI, government finance) with authority to collect necessary data and ensure confidentiality (Articles 3, 10, and 22). - PDMA 2008 requires timely quarterly public debt reporting and reporting by public entities to MOF within 15 days after each quarter’s end. - Staff appointments through the Public Service Commission and the Ministry’s Code of Ethics support professional independence and integrity for PSDS compilation. - Shortcomings and recommended reforms (selected): - Statistics Act: lacks explicit provisions for transparent, merit-based selection and appointment of the SM Director (eligibility criteria, fixed tenure, conditions for removal, vacancy period). - Act does not explicitly define official statistics and the national statistical system, nor modernize data-sharing provisions. - Recommendation: SM Director should not report directly to an individual ministry. - Recommendation: Statistics Mauritius discontinue production of economic projections to avoid conflicts with impartial data provision. - BOM Act: could more explicitly state BOM’s autonomy over statistical methods, data sources, content, timing of releases, and reinforce confidentiality for data sharing. - Clarify interrelationship between the Statistics Act and PDMA 2008 for PSDS; clarify MOF debt management unit roles and expand instrument coverage for public debt reporting. ### Institutional coordination and resourcing - Coordination: - Need formal coordination mechanisms among SM, BOM, and MOF (NSS members) to align revision cycles and minimize cross-dataset discrepancies. - Human resources and infrastructure: - MOF public debt management unit currently has 8 staff; low staffing presents continuity and development risks. - Recommendations: strengthen human resources, IT support; formalize consultations; improve data validation (notably for GBCs); streamline reporting to minimize respondent burden. ### Methodological soundness, accuracy, reliability, and serviceability (by domain) - National accounts - Follow the 2008 SNA with largely appropriate concepts and methods. - Areas needing improvement: treatment of non-observed economy (including illegal activities), global business corporations (GBCs), deflation methods, measurement of output of GBCs. - Supply and use tables compiled only every five years; institutional sector accounts and financial balance sheets published with significant delays. - Recommendations (selected): - Conduct annual updates to business registers using administrative data and automated systems. - Produce explicit independent estimates of the non-observed economy and integrate into accounts. - Expand double-deflation methods and strengthen deflators. - Collect GBC-level data from the Financial Services Commission (FSC). - Reduce statistical discrepancy (noted elsewhere as "currently 5 percent to 8 percent of GDP for 2021 to 2024"). - Prices (CPI and PPI) - CPI and PPI adhere to international concepts and methods; CPI requires improved treatment of Owner-Occupied Housing (OOH); PPI coverage limited to goods-producing sectors and domestic sales only. - Recommendations: include OOH expenditure weight based on rental equivalence; expand PPI coverage to exports and services; move from long-term to short-term price comparisons; adopt SDMX machine-readable dissemination. - External sector statistics (BOP/IIP) - Largely consistent with BPM6; plans to align with BPM7. - Gaps: reinvested earnings, merchanting (important for GBCs), coverage of reserve assets. - Recommendation: compile and disseminate reinvested earnings and merchanting for GBCs and develop integrated IIP as requested by BPM7. - Monetary and financial statistics (MFS) - Broadly follow the MFSMCG framework. - Improvements needed: classification of broad money, valuation of financial instruments, inclusion of financial intermediaries issuing electronic money and credit unions, valuation based on market/fair value. - MFS compiled from structured sources with broad coverage; recommendations include integrated stock-and-flow framework and improved reconciliation with other macro datasets. - Government finance statistics (GFS) - Conceptually aligned with GFSM 2014. - Would benefit from expanded balance sheet reporting, integrated flow-stock statements, and more frequent publication of general government operations (recommend quarterly general government operations). - Public sector debt statistics (PSDS) - Foundational legal and administrative framework exists; clarity and strengthening needed on institutional roles and instrument coverage. - Transparency and disclosure require more comprehensive metadata, revision analysis, and information on terms and conditions for compiling PSDS. - Recommendation: periodically consult users on relevance/usefulness of PSDS reports. - Cross-domain accuracy and validation - Systematic validation with mirror trade and financial assets/liabilities data, routine revision schedules, explanatory notes, and public revisions database that distinguishes routine updates, methodological improvements, and comprehensive revisions. ### Data dissemination, accessibility, and user engagement - Dissemination practices: - Core datasets (GDP, CPI, BOP/IIP, MFS, GFS) disseminated with adequate periodicity and timeliness; in some cases timeliness exceeds SDDS requirements. - Mauritius is well positioned to subscribe to SDDS Plus with additional improvements required. - Metadata and machine-readability: - Metadata accompanying releases is often limited or missing (methodologies, assumptions, revision policies). - Recommendation: publish SMDX-compliant machine-readable formats (CSV, JSON, XML) for all major datasets. - User engagement: - SM engages users through structured consultations and advisory committees. - Users expressed satisfaction with quality but emphasized need to strengthen independence and governance. - Users requested a one-stop-shop outlet for all official statistics in standardized formats, increased granularity and coverage (environmental statistics, tourism, wages and salaries, construction, direct investment (reinvested earnings), SMEs), reduced duplication through single reporting frameworks, and greater access to anonymized microdata. - Users requested improved communication on rationale behind significant data revisions. ### Summary of DQAF element ratings (selected extractions from Table 1) - Institutions: Statistics Mauritius; Bank of Mauritius; Ministry of Finance - Dimension 0. Legal and Institutional Environment — overall: LO LO LO - 0.1 Legal environment: LO LO LO - 0.2 Independence of the National Statistical System: LO LO n/a - 0.3 Coordinating the national statistical system: O LO O - 0.4 Assuring statistical confidentiality and data security: O LO O - 0.5 Response burden is minimized: O LNO O - 0.6 Adequacy of human resources: LNO LO LO - 0.7 Adequacy of information technology resources: LO LO LO - 0.8 Adequacy of physical infrastructure: LO O O - 0.9 Cost-effectiveness practices: LO LO O - 0.10 Relevance and quality management practices: LO LO LO - Dimension 1. Assurances of integrity: LO LO LO ### Structure of remainder of report and follow-up - Remainder: Section II summarizes assessment by agency and dataset (four-point rating scale); Section III presents staff priority recommendations; Appendix I compares practices to SDDS Plus requirements; Appendix II presents main users’ views. Volumes II and III contain the authorities’ response and the detailed DQAF assessment. --- ### 1.1 Institutional Integrity ### Overview and coded assessments - Element-level assessments use codes LO, O, LNO, and n/a across datasets (National Accounts, CPI, PPI, GFS, MFS, ESS, PSDS). - Sections 2–5 address: Alignment with international statistical standards; Accuracy and reliability; Serviceability; Accessibility. ### Top Priority Recommendations (detailed) - A. Amendments to the Statistics Act (selected sections and prescriptions) - §2: Define official statistics referencing the UN fundamental principles of official statistics. - §3: Clarify SM independence as an autonomous statutory authority and define the NSS, identifying SM as head and detailing BOM and other agencies' roles. - §4: Transparent, merit-based selection and appointment process for the Director; specify fixed, staggered terms; Director autonomy on methodological/operational decisions; vacancy to be filled within 6 months with a one-time extension up to six more months. - §5: Institutionalize structured user consultations; consider a National Statistics Council. - §10: Grant Director independent authority for mandatory data collection without prior board approval. - §13 and §13B: Require public agencies to inform SM of legislative/operational changes; establish legal framework for secure, confidential data sharing among NSS members. - §14: Authorize SM to access administrative data sources free of cost under MOUs and limited to statistical purposes. - §15: Modernize fines and penalties; differentiate penalties for individuals and corporate entities; introduce administrative sanctions. - §18: Distinguish dissemination of official statistics from disclosure of confidential information. - §22: Robust data governance: mandatory annual confidentiality training; increased penalties for breaches; disciplinary actions; responsibilities for external researchers and public-sector employees. - §23: Fixed, staggered terms for board members, criteria for appointment, transparent removal processes. - B. Initiate Steps Toward Full SDDS Plus Adherence - Develop a transition plan to address remaining gaps. - Goal: meet all SDDS Plus requirements within five years of adherence, as stipulated by the IMF SDDS Plus Guide. ### Other priority recommendations (selected by agency) - Statistics Mauritius (SM) - Strengthen legal framework and perception of statistical integrity. - Review and increase staff numbers; institutionalize knowledge transfer and succession planning. - Establish an internal IT unit, disaster recovery site, and IT risk assessment processes. - Discontinue economic forecasts; Director should not report to an individual ministry. - Implement formal ethics reporting framework, mandatory annual ethics training, confidential reporting channels, and mandatory conflict-of-interest attestations (example window: 10 business days). - Bank of Mauritius (BOM) - Update BOM Act 2004 to define official statistics, reinforce confidentiality, explicitly state BOM’s autonomy over statistical methods, and specify responsibilities in MOU with FSC. - Streamline reporting burden; register and deal with respondents’ complaints; increase IT/software resources; increase staff by an additional four (4) people (two for each unit). - Conduct periodic costing, exit interviews, staff surveys; hold external consultations; introduce microdata access protocols with confidentiality safeguards. - Ministry of Finance (MOF) - PDMA 2008 or related legislation should establish public sector debt statistics as “official statistics” subject to Statistics Act oversight and clarify public debt definition with international references. - Review staffing of public debt management unit; define data-sharing arrangements (MOU) with BOM and SM. - Transparently indicate compiling agency, contact details, and terms/conditions in published PSDS files. --- ### 26. The mission recommends that SM: (Selected technical recommendations) ### National accounts and GFCF - Expand GFCF coverage to include knowledge-based assets in line with the 2008 SNA asset boundary (current GFCF largely tangible; intangibles like R&D, databases, software limited). - Record processing fees for goods sent abroad for processing (textile industry) per 2008 SNA and BPM6. - Record only the margin from merchanting transactions by GBCs per 2008 SNA and BPM6. - Expand double-deflation methods. - Strengthen deflators and reduce reliance on CPI proxies for services; develop service producer price indices for high-priority industries. - Align sectoral balance sheets with 2008 SNA scope to support SDDS Plus adherence. ### Accuracy and Reliability (National accounts) - Formalize continuous business register maintenance (births, deaths, mergers). - Collect GBC-level data from the FSC. - Institute rigorous follow-up and reconciliation procedures to reduce large statistical discrepancy between production and expenditure measures. - Improve trade margin estimates using administrative data. - Develop independent estimates for net errors and omissions including illegal activities. - Update methodology for output of GBCs. - Improve owner-occupied dwellings estimation using user-cost approach with benchmarks. - Institutionalize systematic quality reviews and routine revision analyses. ### Serviceability and Accessibility (National accounts) - Reconcile national accounts with GFS, BOP, and MFS aggregates. - Establish a clear revision policy; disseminate release and revision calendars. - Publish detailed metadata and a Sources and Methods document. - Adopt SDMX-standard machine-readable formats. ### CPI and PPI (selected) - CPI: include OOH weight based on rental equivalence; price reference period should immediately precede updated index; move to short-term comparisons; expand online outlet collection; publish error and revisions policies; adopt SDMX. - PPI: expand coverage to exports and services; reduce lag between weight reference period and new weights; introduce lowest-level weighting; avoid disseminating indices recompiled for earlier periods using new weights; introduce interactive web dashboards; adopt SDMX. ### GFS, BOP/IIP, MFS, PSDS (selected) - GFS: publish balance sheet data and Statement on Sources and Uses of Cash; include depreciation; publish integrated stocks and flows; introduce quarterly general government operations; report revisions transparently; provide more metadata and graphical analysis. - BOP/IIP: compile reinvested earnings and merchanting for GBCs; improve reserve assets recording; conduct bilateral data reconciliation; publish sources-and-methods document; reduce IIP timeliness to within 90 days. - MFS: exclude restricted and long-term deposits from broad money Liabilities where appropriate; include electronic money issuers and credit unions; ensure market/fair valuation; compile integrated stock and flow data; publish sources-and-methods document. - PSDS: expand coverage to include other accounts payable (OAP), pension liabilities, public sector banks; report public debt using nominal valuation alongside national face value; publish stock-flow reconciliation tables; publish advance release calendar and improved metadata. --- ### Appendix I. Practices Compared to the SDDS Plus (select results) - Mauritius meets requirements for six out of nine additional SDDS Plus data categories; can adhere to SDDS Plus by adopting a transition plan to fulfill remaining three noncompliant categories within five years. - Mauritius participated in the GDDS since September 21, 2000, and subscribed to the SDDS on February 28, 2012. - Data categories needing improvement or inclusion in transition: - Sectoral Balance Sheets: Needs improvement; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 1Y+ - General Government Operations: Needs improvement; Quarterly; Annual; 12M; 1Y+ - Debt Securities: Not compile; Quarterly; ; 4M - General Government Total Gross Debt: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 4M - Other Financial Corporations Survey: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 4M - Financial Soundness Indicators: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 1Q; 1Q - Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey: Participate; Semi-Annual; Semi-Annual; 7M; 7M - Coordinated Direct Investment Survey: Participate; Annual; Annual; 9M; 9M - COFER: Participate; Quarterly; ; 1Q; - Adherents to SDDS Plus must disseminate data series in SDMX format; Mauritius needs to upgrade National Summary Data Page, prepare metadata and SDMX files for new data categories. --- ### Appendix II. Users’ Views (survey June–July 2025) - Survey response: 26 percent response rate. Distributed to 258 users; sixty-eight responses (26 percent response rate) received. - Respondent affiliations (total 68): - Commercial Banks and OFIs: 13 - Consulting Companies: 3 - Private Sector (Other): 9 - Academic Institutions: 6 - Government Agencies: 21 - International Organizations: 16 - Use of statistics: Strong interest in national accounts, prices, labor market, government finance, monetary and financial statistics, public sector debt, international reserves, BOP and IIP. - Coverage, frequency, and timeliness satisfaction (Table 2): - Coverage: Satisfied 88%; Not Satisfied 12% - Level of Detail: Satisfied 78%; Not Satisfied 22% - Frequency: Satisfied 87%; Not Satisfied 13% - Timeliness: Satisfied 87%; Not Satisfied 13% - Confidence in methodology and consistency (selected indicators): - Methods sound/appropriate: 94% Yes, 6% No - Statistics unbiased: 78% Yes, 22% No - Data consistent across domains: 78% Yes, 22% No - Quality “good” or “very good”: 85% Yes, 15% No - Primary access channels (reported): - Government or central bank websites: 82% - Official press releases and statistical bulletins: 65% - International organization publications: 62% - Private sector reports: 26% - Academic or research institutions: 24% - Media reports: 15% - Other: 10% - Users’ suggestions: - Strengthen professional independence and governance. - Improve communication on rationale behind significant data revisions. - Expand coverage/granularity (environmental statistics, tourism, wages and salaries, construction, FDI (reinvested earnings), SMEs). - Regularly assess data relevance; reduce overlapping reporting through single reporting frameworks. - Greater access to anonymized microdata and more detailed methodological notes. --- ### Tables and Indicator Summaries (selected numerical table extractions) - National Accounts: statistical discrepancy noted as "currently 5 percent to 8 percent of GDP for 2021 to 2024." - SM Table 1 summary for Institutional Integrity: Total #Recs. 90; #Recs. Assessed 90; #Recs. Not Relevant 0; Overall Assessment: LO. - MOF Assurances of Integrity (Table 6): Total # of recommendations 30; # of recommendations assessed 30; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Overall Assessment LO. Institutional Integrity element: Total # of recommendations 8; # assessed 8; ROSC Rating O. Transparency element: Total # of recommendations 10; # assessed 10; ROSC Rating LNO. Ethical Standards: Total # of recommendations 12; # assessed 12; ROSC Rating O. - CPI (Table 11–14) and PPI (Table 15–18) tables show multiple element counts and ROSC Ratings (O, LO, LNO) as detailed above. - GFS Serviceability (Table 21): Overall Assessment Total # of Recs. 37; # of Recs. assessed 34; Overall ROSC Rating LO. - PSDS/SDDS Plus: Mauritius meets 6 out of 9 additional SDDS Plus categories; transition plan recommended to meet remaining 3 within five years. --- ### 11. Authorities’ responses and implementation status (selected) - SM has implemented several recommendations relating to Global Business Services (GBCs); merchanting to be included in phased manner once validated; inclusion expected to reduce statistical discrepancies. - SM finalizing data collection for the Census of Economic Activities for benchmark Supply and Use Table (SUT) and rebasing of National Accounts by end 2026; elimination of statistical discrepancies for the benchmark year expected. - Technical Assistance missions planned (e.g., Services Producer Price Index (SPPI) in early 2026). - SM concurs with CPI and PPI assessments; requires Technical Assistance to improve OOH treatment. - SM concurs with GFS recommendations; will collaborate with MOF on phased IPSAS implementation to support quarterly general government operations and integrated stocks-and-flows. - BOM agreeable with external sector and MFS recommendations; will prioritize dissemination of sources-and-methods documents and revise Broad Money Liabilities series (revised dataset starting from October 2018). - MOF agreeable to PSDS recommendations; will amend legislation to establish PSDS as official statistics under Statistics Act oversight and expand coverage (OAP, deposits, insurance, pensions). Public Debt Management Act amended through the Finance Act 2025 to provide for reduction of the public sector debt to GDP ratio fiscal anchor: to 75 percent by June 2030 and 60 percent by June 2035. - MOF has published metadata explaining data sources, coverage and definitions; both initial and revised debt data for the previous quarter are now published; stock-flow reconciliation tables to be published with notes on major changes. *Source: 1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results (IMF Data ROSC), as provided in the supplied content.* ### 1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results _____________________________________ 10 ### 1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results ### Overall assessment and context - This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes—Data Module (Data ROSC) updates assessments from 2002 and 2008 and a multi sector mission conducted in 2013, based on the 2025 pilot version of the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF). - Coverage: national accounts, consumer and producer price indexes, government finance, public sector debt, monetary and financial, balance of payments, and international investment position statistics. - Institutional responsibilities: - Statistics Mauritius (SM): national accounts, prices, government finance statistics (the latter based on data provided by the Ministry of Finance (MOF)). - Bank of Mauritius (BOM): monetary and financial, balance of payments, and international investment position statistics. - MOF: public sector debt statistics. - Mauritius has been a subscriber of the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) since February 2012 and generally meets SDDS requirements for coverage, periodicity, and timeliness; performance largely meets SDDS Plus requirements with additional improvements needed on sectoral balance sheets, general government operations, and compilation of debt securities data. - Two top-priority recommendations identified by the mission: - Amend the Statistics Act to further strengthen the professional independence of the Director of Statistics Mauritius and to modernize provisions governing data sharing and access to administrative records across the National Statistical System. - Initiate steps toward full SDDS Plus adherence, including the formulation of a comprehensive transition plan to address outstanding gaps. ### Legal and institutional environment; assurances of integrity - Strengths: - The Statistics Act provides a strong legal foundation mandating SM to compile official statistics (national accounts, CPI, PPI, government finance) with authority to collect necessary data and ensure confidentiality (Articles 3, 10, and 22). - MOF’s Public Debt Management Act 2008 (PDMA 2008) establishes MOF responsibility for timely quarterly public debt reporting and requires public entities to report debt data to MOF within 15 days after each quarter’s end. - Staff appointments through the Public Service Commission and the Ministry’s Code of Ethics support professional independence and integrity for PSDS compilation. - Shortcomings and recommended legal/institutional reforms: - Statistics Act lacks explicit provisions for a transparent, merit-based selection and appointment process for the SM Director, including clear eligibility criteria, fixed tenure, explicit conditions for removal, and specification of maximum vacancy period for the Director position. - Act does not explicitly define official statistics and the national statistical system, nor does it modernize provisions for data sharing and administrative data access. - Mission recommends SM Director should not report (professionally or operationally) directly to an individual ministry. - Recommendation that Statistics Mauritius discontinue the production of economic projections to avoid potential conflicts with impartial data provision. - BOM Act could more explicitly state BOM’s autonomy over statistical methods, data sources, content, and timing of releases, and reinforce confidentiality clauses regarding data sharing with other agencies. - Clarify interrelationship between the Statistics Act and the PDMA 2008 with respect to PSDS; clarify roles and responsibilities within MOF’s debt management unit and expand instrument coverage for public debt reporting. ### Institutional coordination and resourcing - Coordination: - Formal coordination mechanisms are needed to reinforce collaboration between SM, BOM, and MOF as members of the National Statistical System (NSS), particularly to align revision cycles and minimize cross-dataset discrepancies. - Human resources and infrastructure: - MOF public debt management unit currently has 8 staff; low staffing presents continuity and development risks. - Recommendations include strengthening human resources, IT support, formalizing consultations, improving data validation (notably for GBCs), and streamlining reporting to minimize respondent burden. ### Methodological soundness, accuracy, reliability, and serviceability (by domain) - National accounts: - Follow the 2008 SNA with largely appropriate concepts, methods, measurement, and classification systems. - Areas needing improvement: treatment of non-observed economy (including illegal activities), global business corporations (GBCs), deflation methods, measurement of output of GBCs. - Supply and use tables compiled only every five years; institutional sector accounts and financial balance sheets published with significant delays. - Recommendation: conduct annual updates to business registers using administrative data and automated systems; produce explicit independent estimates of the non-observed economy and integrate into accounts. - Prices (CPI and PPI): - CPI and PPI adhere to international concepts, methods, and classifications. - CPI: timely weight updates and sound compilation methods; treatment of Owner-Occupied Housing (OOH) requires improvement. - PPI: coverage limited to goods-producing sectors and sales to the domestic market only; weights should be more up to date. - Recommend improved procedures for introducing updated series when new weights are implemented. - External sector statistics (BOP/IIP): - Largely consistent with BPM6; plans to align with BPM7. - Gaps persist in treatment of reinvested earnings and merchanting (important for GBCs), and coverage of reserve assets. - Recommendation: compile and disseminate reinvested earnings and merchanting for GBCs and develop integrated IIP as requested by BPM7. - Monetary and financial statistics (MFS): - Broadly follow the MFSMCG framework. - Improvements needed in classification of broad money and valuation of financial instruments. - MFS compiled from structured, timely sources with broad institutional coverage. - Government finance statistics (GFS): - Conceptually well aligned with GFSM 2014, including proper sector classification and treatment of nonmonetary transactions. - Would benefit from expanded balance sheet reporting and integrated flow-stock statements, and more frequent publication of general government operations. - Public sector debt statistics (PSDS): - Foundational legal and administrative framework exists, but clarity and strengthening needed on institutional roles and instrument coverage. - Transparency and disclosure require improvement via more comprehensive metadata, revision analysis, and information on terms and conditions for compiling PSDS. - Recommendation: periodically consult users on relevance and usefulness of PSDS reports. - Cross-domain accuracy and validation: - Validation with mirror trade and financial assets and liabilities data, revision analysis, and cross-domain reconciliation should be applied systematically. - Implement routine publication of revision schedules, explanatory notes, and metadata updates for all major datasets; establish a public revisions database distinguishing routine updates, methodological improvements, and comprehensive revisions. - Coverage gaps flagged for priority action: - Reinvested earnings and merchanting related to GBCs. - Crypto assets. - Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM). - Measurement of the output of GBCs. ### Data dissemination, accessibility, and user engagement - Dissemination practices: - Core datasets (GDP, CPI, BOP/IIP, MFS, GFS) are disseminated with adequate periodicity and timeliness; in some cases timeliness exceeds SDDS requirements. - Data publication practices are good; Mauritius is well positioned to subscribe to SDDS Plus with additional improvements required. - Metadata and machine-readability: - Metadata accompanying releases is often limited or missing (methodologies, assumptions, revision policies). - Recommendation: publish SMDX-compliant machine-readable formats (CSV, JSON, XML) for all major datasets. - User engagement: - SM engages users through structured consultations and advisory committees; users expressed overall satisfaction with quality but emphasized need to strengthen independence and governance. - Users raised issues of multiple versions of the same economic variable published by different institutions or within the same institution. - Users urged a one-stop-shop outlet for accessing all official statistics in standardized formats, increased granularity and coverage (environmental statistics, tourism, wages and salaries, construction, direct investment (reinvested earnings), SMEs), reduced duplication through single reporting frameworks, and greater access to anonymized microdata for research. - Users requested improved communication on rationale behind significant data revisions. ### Summary of DQAF element ratings (Table 1 highlights) - Assessments use a four-point rating scale; results reported at DQAF element level by institution. Selected element ratings extracted directly from Table 1: - Institutions: Statistics Mauritius; Bank of Mauritius; Ministry of Finance - Dimension 0. Legal and Institutional Environment — overall: LO LO LO - 0.1 Legal environment: LO LO LO - 0.2 Independence of the National Statistical System: LO LO n/a - 0.3 Coordinating the national statistical system: O LO O - 0.4 Assuring statistical confidentiality and data security: O LO O - 0.5 Response burden is minimized: O LNO O - 0.6 Adequacy of human resources: LNO LO LO - 0.7 Adequacy of information technology resources: LO LO LO - 0.8 Adequacy of physical infrastructure: LO O O - 0.9 Cost-effectiveness practices: LO LO O - 0.10 Relevance and quality management practices: LO LO LO - Dimension 1. Assurances of integrity: LO LO LO ### Structure of remainder of report and follow-up - The remainder of the document: Section II provides a summary assessment by agency and dataset (four-point rating scale); Section III presents staff priority recommendations; Appendix I summarizes practices compared to SDDS Plus requirements; Appendix II presents main users’ views. Volumes II and III contain the authorities’ response to this report and the detailed DQAF assessment with additional recommendations. *Source: 1. Data Quality Assessment Framework—Summary Results (IMF Data ROSC), as provided in the supplied content.* ### 1.1 Institutional Integrity ### 1.1 Institutional Integrity ### Overview - Data Quality Assessment Framework summary indicates varying levels of adherence across datasets and dimensions, with coded assessments such as LO, O, NA, and LNO reported for National Accounts, Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index, Government Finance Statistics, Monetary and Financial Statistics, External Sector Statistics, and Public Sector Debt Statistics. - Sections 2–5 of the assessment address: Alignment with international statistical standards; Accuracy and reliability; Serviceability; and Accessibility, each with subelements assessed using the LO/O/LNO/NA codes. ### Top Priority Recommendations - A. Recommended Amendments to the Statistics Act - Section §2: - Provide a comprehensive definition of official statistics, incorporating the United Nations’ fundamental principles of official statistics. - Differentiate official statistics from administrative or other non-official statistics with international standards and methodologies. - Section §3: - Clarify the independence and legal autonomy of Statistics Mauritius (SM) as an autonomous statutory authority, free from governmental interference regarding statistical methodologies, standards, and publication schedules. - Emphasize SM's role in safeguarding statistical quality and comprehensiveness. - Define the NSS explicitly, identifying Statistics Mauritius as its head and detailing roles of other key agencies, such as the BOM and designated governmental institutions. - Section §4: - Specify a transparent, merit-based selection and appointment process for the director, including clear eligibility criteria, fixed tenure, and explicit conditions for removal. - Emphasize the Director's autonomy regarding methodological and operational decisions. - Specify that the position of director, when vacant, should be filled within 6 months, with a one-time extension of up to six more months if a merit-based selection is in progress. - Section §5: - Institutionalize structured user consultations to identify emerging statistical needs, assess data gaps, and gather user feedback. - Consider establishing a National Statistics Council composed of senior government officials, independent experts, and key data users. - Section §10: - Grant the Director independent authority for mandatory data collection, eliminating the requirement for prior board approval. - Section §13: - Mandate public agencies to proactively inform SM of proposed legislative or operational changes that may impact statistical activities. - Add new section (§13B) to establish a legal framework and assign responsibilities to facilitate secure, confidential, and lawful data sharing among NSS members. - Section §14: - Explicitly authorize SM to access administrative data sources (free of cost), governed by mutually agreed memoranda of understanding, and strictly limited to statistical purposes. - Section §15: - Modernize fines and penalties to reflect current economic conditions. - Differentiate penalties for individuals and corporate entities. - Introduce administrative sanctions as practical alternatives to criminal penalties. - Section §18: - Distinguish provisions related to the dissemination of official statistics from those governing the disclosure of confidential information. - Section §22: - Emphasize robust data governance practices, including mandatory annual confidentiality training; increased penalties for breaches; disciplinary actions; and responsibilities for external researchers and public-sector employees involved in data-sharing activities. - Section §23: - Specify fixed, staggered terms for board members, outlining criteria for appointment and transparent processes for removal. - B. Initiate Steps Toward Full SDDS Plus Adherence - Develop a transition plan to address remaining gaps and prepare for full SDDS Plus subscription. - Goal: meet all SDDS Plus requirements within five years of adherence, as stipulated by the IMF SDDS Plus Guide. ### Other Priority Recommendations - A. Legal and Institutional Environment — Statistics Mauritius (SM) - Legal Framework - Strengthen the legal framework despite an existing formal provision establishing autonomy; further reinforcement recommended in light of recent concerns regarding perception of statistical integrity. - Staff, Facilities, Computing, and Financing Resources - Review and increase staff numbers and enhance training to ensure continuity of current data dissemination and to meet SDDS Plus requirements. - Institutionalize knowledge transfer through structured online and in-person training programs and systematic succession planning. - Expand use of information technology in data collection, analysis, and compilation to supplement staff resources and increase efficiency. - Conduct exit interviews or surveys to assess institutional issues contributing to high staff turnover. - Evaluate salary levels of SM in respect to the public sector. - Information Technology (IT) infrastructure - Establish a dedicated internal IT unit responsible for developing and maintaining statistical data collection, processing, and hosting applications (including SM’s website), including disaster recovery and business continuity plans. - Acquire or develop digital tools to support national accounts data collection and compilation. - Undertake a comprehensive IT strategy and roadmap tailored to statistical operations and strengthen business continuity plans. - Set up a disaster recovery site to strengthen operational resilience. - Ensure that only those individuals that require access to confidential data are provided with access (i.e., active management of entitlements). - Undertake regular IT risk assessments aimed at enhancing infrastructure security measures. - A. Assurances of Integrity — Statistics Mauritius - Discontinue the production of economic forecasts to avoid potential conflicts with SM's core mandate of impartial data compilation and dissemination. - Director of SM should have reporting lines independent of individual ministries to safeguard institutional and professional independence. - Develop internal policies, guidelines, and procedures to address situations when political or external actors attempt to influence statistical compilation, output, or dissemination. - Implement formal systems for staff to report professional misconduct such as political or outside interference, with specific protection from retaliation. - B. Bank of Mauritius (BOM) - Legal and Institutional Framework - Update the BOM Act 2004 to strengthen legal and institutional environment for statistical compilation. - Strengthen the BOM legal framework by clearly defining official statistics and a mandate of the BOM for development, production, and dissemination of official statistics. - Explicitly outline the fundamental principles of Official Statistics. - Reinforce data confidentiality protection so special confidentiality or secrecy provisions in other legislation cannot be invoked; include explicit confidentiality clauses for data sharing with other agencies solely for statistical purposes. - Amend BOM Act to explicitly state BOM’s autonomy over statistical methods, data sources, content, and timing of releases without taking or seeking instructions from government bodies, other organizations or any other persons. - Specify responsibilities for MFS and BOP data collection, dissemination and sharing in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between BOM and Financial Services Commission (FSC). - Statistical Confidentiality and Data Security - Include confidentiality clauses regarding data sharing with third parties explicitly in BOM Act to reinforce data protection and enable secure inter-agency collaboration. - Minimize Reporting Burden - Streamline reporting by ensuring a consistent and integrated reporting system for collecting statistical, supervisory and other data requirements. - Secure cooperation by registering and dealing with respondents’ complaints, informing of measures to limit response burden, and raising awareness of the importance of good quality statistics. - Adequacy of Information Technology Resources - Ensure sufficient IT, computing, and software resources to compile and disseminate the statistical programs. - Ensure specialized software for enterprise surveys management and more sophisticated data analysis software. - Cost Effectiveness Practices - Conduct periodic costing procedures and compare across programs; use budgeting procedures to help management allocate resources among competing statistical priorities. - Ensure effective usage of information technology to increase efficiency: automation, online data collection, and integrated databases. - Increase the number of staff for data collection, data processing, and administrative tasks for MFS and BOP by an additional four (4) people (two for each unit). - Conduct formal exit interviews to assess reasons for staff departure. - Monitor and report indicators on resource usage (e.g., staff utilization, financial spending) to management. - Regularly conduct staff opinion/satisfaction surveys and act on feedback received. - Relevance and Quality Management Practices - Conduct as-needed consultations with external stakeholders to review relevance of statistical outputs and identify emerging data requirements. - Assurances of Integrity - Develop internal policies and procedures/guidelines to address situations when political or external actors attempt to influence statistical outputs or dissemination. - Include explicit provisions in the code of ethics for Statistics Units recognizing ethical responsibilities pertaining to statistical methods, processing, and dissemination. - C. Ministry of Finance (MOF) - Legal and Institutional Framework - PDMA 2008, or related secondary legislation, should: - Establish that public sector debt statistics are “official statistics” and therefore subject to PDMA 2008 and oversight and safeguards of the Statistics Act. - Clarify the definition of public debt with appropriate references to international statistical guidance, including debt instruments not currently reported by the MOF. - Institutional Environment - Review staffing levels of the public debt management unit to ensure sufficient resources to safeguard quality of PSDS and implement expansion and improvements to the PSDS. - Define institutional arrangements for sharing public debt data between BOM, SM, and the MOF within an MOU or similar instrument. - Assurances of Integrity - Transparently lay out in debt publications/tables the terms and conditions under which PSDS are compiled and disseminated, including specific references to the PDMA 2008 and Statistics Act. - Include information indicating the compiling agency and contact details, along with other supporting metadata, in published data files. ### Alignment and Quality Observations (select highlights) - Sections 2.1–2.5 indicate mixed alignment with international statistical standards, with element-level assessments recorded as LO, O, or NA across datasets. - Accuracy and reliability elements (3.1–3.5) show a mixture of LO, O, and LNO assessments across datasets, indicating areas for improvement in source data adequacy, assessment of source data accuracy, statistical techniques, quality assurance practices, and revisions analysis. - Serviceability (4.1–4.4) and Accessibility (5.1–5.3) elements also show mixed assessments, including LO, O, and LNO codes for periodicity, timeliness, data consistency, correction and revision policy and practice, data accessibility, metadata accessibility, and assistance to users. *Source: 1musea2025003-source-pdf - 1.1 Institutional Integrity* ### 26. The mission recommends that SM: ### 26. The mission recommends that SM: ### National accounts and GFCF - Expand the coverage of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) to include knowledge-based assets (as relevant) in line with the 2008 SNA asset boundary. GFCF is largely confined to traditional tangible assets such as construction and machinery and equipment. Intangible assets—such as R&D, databases, software remain limited. Software investment is proxied by import of packaged software, while expenditure on own-account software development and R&D is not systematically included. - Record the processing fee for goods sent abroad for processing (textile manufacturing industry), in line with 2008 SNA and BPM6 guidelines. - Record only the margin from merchanting transactions carried out by GBCs, in line with 2008 SNA and BPM6 guidelines. This avoids overstating imports and exports while ensuring the margin is correctly captured as domestic output. - Expand the use of double-deflation methods beyond the current limited set of industries. - Strengthen the range and quality of deflators in line with CPI and PPI recommendations, while minimizing the use of broad CPI proxies, particularly for services. - Reduce the reliance on CPI sub-indices by progressively developing service producer price indices, starting with high-priority industries such as wholesale and retail trade, and accommodation and food services. - Align sectoral balance sheets with 2008 SNA scope and coverage to support SDDS Plus adherence. ### Accuracy and Reliability (National accounts) - Formalize continuous business register maintenance, including systematic updates of enterprise births, deaths, mergers, legal reorganizations etc. - Collect GBC-level data from the Financial Services Commission (FSC) to improve estimates of exports, imports and output for the “GBC sector.” - Institute rigorous follow-up procedures to verify source data used in the national accounts. - Institute rigorous reconciliation procedures within SM to reduce large statistical discrepancy between production and expenditure measures of national accounts. - Improve estimates of trade margins using administrative data to improve estimates for the wholesale and retail trade industry. - Develop independent estimates for elements of the net errors and omissions—including illegal activities to improve GDP comprehensiveness. - Update the methodology used to estimate the output of GBCs operating in Mauritius to improve GDP accuracy and reduce the significant discrepancies. - Improved estimation of owner-occupied dwellings from the user-cost approach with periodic benchmarks from market-rental costs. - Institutionalize systematic quality reviews, including routine revision analyses with diagnostics on bias and volatility, to enhance the reliability of preliminary estimates and the transparency of updates. - Improve structured consultations with business community to improve source data and gather feedback. ### Serviceability (National accounts) - Strengthen internal consistency in the national accounts by reconciling relevant key aggregates with relevant, government finance statistics, balance of payments, and monetary and financial statistics aggregates. - Establish a clear revision policy that users can rely on for planning and analysis. - Disseminate release and revision calendars and explanatory notes differentiating between routine updates, methodological improvements, and comprehensive revisions. ### Accessibility (National accounts) - Publish detailed metadata along with the national accounts statistics. - Prepare and disseminate a detailed Sources and Methods document for users, providing transparent information on data sources, compilation methods, classifications, and assumptions applied in the national accounts—including for the sectoral balance sheets. - Adopt standardized, machine-readable dissemination formats (ideally following the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) standard) to facilitate automated data usage in research, modeling, and policy analysis. ### C. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Alignment with International Standards - Include an expenditure weight for OOH based on rental equivalence. - The price reference period should immediately precede the introduction of the updated index to avoid overlapping series. - Move from the use of long-term price comparisons to short-term price comparisons to facilitate the treatment of missing prices and introduction of new products. Accuracy and Reliability - Assess how the price change of OOH could be best estimated in the CPI. - Expand collection to include outlets that exist exclusively online. - Conduct studies of long-term price trends to identify potential systematic biases and assess other potential sources of bias in the CPI. Serviceability - Include explicit description of errors and revisions policies in methodology notes. Accessibility - Adopt standardized, machine-readable dissemination formats (ideally following the SDMX standard) to facilitate automated data usage in research, modeling, and policy analysis. ### D. Producer Price Index (PPI) Alignment with International Standards - Expand coverage to include exports, providing a measure of total output prices. - Expand the scope of the index beyond the goods-producing sectors. - Move from the use of long-term price comparisons to short-term price comparisons to facilitate the treatment of missing prices and the introduction of new products. Accuracy and Reliability - The price reference period should immediately precede the introduction of the updated index to avoid overlapping series. - Reduce the lag between the weight reference period and the introduction of the new weights. Use up-to-date National Accounts data to supplement the five-yearly Census of Economic Activities data to ensure that the index remains representative of the current structure of the economy. - Introduce weighting at the lowest level of aggregation using data collection from establishments during survey respondent initiation. - For treatment of strongly seasonal items in the PPI for Agriculture, consider introducing a method based on the imputation of prices under a fixed weight approach. Serviceability - Indices recompiled for earlier periods using new weights should not be disseminated. - Include explicit description of the error and revisions policy in methodology notes. Accessibility - Introduce an interactive, web-based dashboard enabling dynamic visualization, customization, and downloading of PPI data to enhance user engagement and accessibility. - Adopt standardized, machine-readable dissemination formats (ideally following the SDMX standard) to facilitate automated data usage in research, modeling, and policy analysis. ### E. Government Finance Statistics (GFS) Alignment with International Standards - Provide a more complete picture of GFS by developing and reporting Balance Sheet data and the Statement on Sources and Uses of Cash. - Include estimates of depreciation (consumption of fixed capital) in expenses and transactions in nonfinancial assets. Accuracy and Reliability - Expand data sources to develop publication of quarterly general government operations. - Compile and publish integrated statements of stocks and flow positions. - Conduct and publish revision studies using the analysis to inform quality assurance practices. Serviceability - Introduce quarterly general government operations data to provide more timely information for decision making and analysis. - Disclose the statistical discrepancy and consider enhancements to the source data and/or method to reduce the discrepancy. - Report revisions transparently within GFS publications, categorizing revisions by type, and explaining unusual revisions. Accessibility - Include textual analysis and graphical presentations within flagship publications to make them more accessible and easily understood by non-expert users. - Within metadata documentation provide more expansive coverage of data sources, methods, and compilation and quality assurance procedures. ### F. Balance of Payments Statistics (BOP) and International Investment Position (IIP) Alignment with International Statistical Standards - Compile and disseminate reinvested earnings for GBCs. - Compile and report goods sold under merchanting, particularly for GBCs. - Improve recording of central bank assets included in official reserve assets and ensure consistency between MFS and ESS. Accuracy and Reliability - Conduct bilateral data reconciliation for trade and financial items and investigate large discrepancies. - Conduct regular inter-agency reconciliation of BOP/IIP aggregates with other macroeconomic datasets to enhance data consistency and quality. Serviceability - Reconcile positions and flows of financial assets and liabilities and address data inconsistencies within the BOP and between the BOP and IIP. Accessibility - BOM to publish and update regularly a comprehensive sources-and-methods document. ### G. Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) Alignment with International Statistical Standards - Improve alignment with concepts and definitions by (i) ensuring broad money liabilities exclude restricted deposits and long-term deposits (ii) expanding the coverage of units by including financial intermediaries issuing electronic money, if any, and credit unions. - Use the disaggregated GBC-level data provided by the FSC to improve the classification of GBCs to appropriate institutional sectors. - Ensure valuation of financial instruments is based on market or fair value and classification of instruments indexed to a foreign currency in line with MFSMCG. - Improve alignment with accounting rules by ensuring simultaneous recording of transactions by both parties. - Start compiling MFS using an integrated framework of stock and flow data. Accuracy and Reliability - Improve consistency of central banks source data recording and valuation principles with MFSMCG and ensure necessary granularity of source data by counterpart sector and currency of denomination. - Ensure monetary statistics producers are consulted on changes in source data for the central bank, and periodic review and update of report forms for other depository corporations (ODCs) is conducted to reflect changes in data needs. - Continuously address concerns raised by data compilers regarding source data to improve future data quality and reliability. - Conduct regular revisions and reliability monitoring. Serviceability - Improve internal data consistency between Central bank, ODCs, and Other Financial Corporations (OFCs), and improve accuracy of GBCs’ intra-sector positions. - Improve data consistency with GFS by reconciling all positions with the MOF. - Ensure data consistency with national accounts (NAs): the balance sheets of the FCs should be reconciled between Institutional sector accounts and MFS. - Data revisions and updates should follow a regular and transparent schedule and reports/analyses of revisions made public. Accessibility - Publish comprehensive sources and methods document with information on MFS concepts, definitions, classifications, compilation methods, etc. ### H. Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS) - A diagnostic assessment of the PSDS quality was conducted as part of a project, funded by the Government of Japan, to strengthen the quality of public debt statistics in Africa. Key findings and recommendations are summarized; a separate report provides further detail. Alignment with International Standards - To provide a more comprehensive picture of public debt, expand PSDS coverage within select PSDS tables/reports to include other accounts payable (OAP) and public sector liabilities related to deposits, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes with initial focus on OAPs and pension liabilities. This more comprehensive PSDS reporting may be achieved, as in many other countries, through PSDS reports and associated metadata which are supplementary to the main debt tables reporting on the national definition of public debt (such as the “fiscal anchor”), as per the Public Debt Management Act. - To align with international statistical standards, report public debt using a nominal valuation, alongside the existing debt at face value used for national purposes. Accuracy and Reliability - Explore the establishment of additional data collections to source information on liabilities not currently covered in the PSDS, such as OAPs and pension liabilities. - Compile and publish stock flow reconciliation tables as both a quality assurance measure and provide transparency on the drivers of changes in public sector debt. Serviceability - Report revisions transparently within PSDS publications, categorizing revisions by type, and explaining unusual revisions. - Routinely assess the consistency of public debt data with related measures in other macroeconomic statistical outputs and transparently explain the reason for any differences. Accessibility - Publish graphical presentations of debt data, as well as commentaries and analysis, to make the PSDS more accessible to less expert users. - Provide more comprehensive and accessible metadata in a structured format within, or alongside, the PSDS reports to explain the data sources, coverage, compilation methods, concepts and definitions, highlighting any divergencies from the international statistical standards. ### Appendix I. Practices Compared to the SDDS Plus - Mauritius’ dissemination practices meet the requirements for six out of the nine data categories additionally required under the SDDS Plus. Therefore, Mauritius can adhere to the SDDS Plus by adopting a transition plan to fulfill the requirements for the remaining three noncompliant data categories within five years. - Mauritius has participated in the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) since September 21, 2000, and subscribed to the SDDS on February 28, 2012. - Performance under the SDDS has been strong, with the timeliness of some data categories exceeding the SDDS requirements (e.g., Central Government Debt, the External Debt statistics and the Consumer Price Index). At the same time, Mauritius makes use of flexibility options for the periodicity and timeliness of the Production Index and for the timeliness of the International Investment Position. - The data categories likely to be included in the transition are Sectoral Balance Sheets (Coverage and timeliness), General Government Operations (Coverage, periodicity and timeliness), and Debt Securities (compilation). - Adherents to SDDS Plus are required to disseminate data series in SDMX format. Mauritius needs to upgrade its National Summary Data Page to include links to SDDS Plus data series in SDMX format, prepare metadata for the new data categories and prepare the SDMX files to comply with presentation requirements. Key table excerpt (as presented) - Table 1. Mauritius: Mauritius’s Dissemination Practices of Additional Data Categories for SDDS Plus (September 11, 2025) — shows categories, coverage/perodicity/timeliness and status including entries such as: - Sectoral Balance Sheets: Needs improvement; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 1Y+ - General Government Operations: Needs improvement; Quarterly; Annual; 12M; 1Y+ - General Government Total Gross Debt: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 4M - Debt Securities: Not compile; Quarterly; ; 4M - Other Financial Corporations Survey: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 4M; 4M - Financial Soundness Indicators: Met; Quarterly; Quarterly; 1Q; 1Q - Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey: Participate; Semi-Annual; Semi-Annual; 7M; 7M - Coordinated Direct Investment Survey: Participate; Annual; Annual; 9M; 9M - COFER: Participate; Quarterly; ; 1Q; Legend: Requirement met / Needs improvement / Not Met ### Appendix II. Users’ Views - The Data ROSC mission conducted a survey of users of the macroeconomic statistics in Mauritius during June–July 2025 to assess users’ views on coverage, quality, accessibility, and relevance of official statistics. - The survey received a 26 percent response rate from a diverse group of institutional users. The survey was distributed to 258 users; sixty-eight responses (26 percent response rate) were received. - Respondent affiliations (Table 1): - Commercial Banks and OFIs: 13 - Consulting Companies: 3 - Private Sector (Other): 9 - Academic Institutions: 6 - Government Agencies: 21 - International Organizations: 16 - Total: 68 - Use of statistics: Users rely heavily on a broad range of official statistics for economic monitoring and decision-making. Respondents reported strong interest in national accounts, prices, labor market, government finance, monetary and financial statistics, and public sector debt. Many users also regularly consult statistics on international reserves, balance of payments and international investment position. - Coverage, Frequency, and Timeliness: Most users are satisfied with coverage and timeliness though some request more granularity and frequent updates. Table 2 responses: - Coverage: Satisfied 88%; Not Satisfied 12% - Level of Detail: Satisfied 78%; Not Satisfied 22% - Frequency: Satisfied 87%; Not Satisfied 13% - Timeliness: Satisfied 87%; Not Satisfied 13% *Source: 1musea2025003-source-pdf - 26. The mission recommends that SM: (chapter/section of the IMF PDF).* ### 5. Respondents generally trust the accuracy and objectivity of the data but seek more ### 5. Respondents generally trust the accuracy and objectivity of the data but seek more transparency in methods and revisions ### Confidence in data quality and methodology - Users generally expressed confidence in the methodological soundness and accuracy of official statistics; most respondents considered the statistics to be unbiased and reliable. - Many users noted that the quality of Mauritius’ official statistics compares favorably with those of other countries in the region. - Users requested greater transparency regarding revisions and methodological changes, and more detailed documentation on sources and methods. - Table: Methodology and Consistency (selected indicators) - Methods sound/appropriate: 94% Yes, 6% No - Statistics unbiased: 78% Yes, 22% No - Data consistent across domains: 78% Yes, 22% No - Quality “good” or “very good”: 85% Yes, 15% No ### Accessibility and supporting information - Primary access channels (reported by survey respondents) - Government or central bank websites: 82% - Official press releases and statistical bulletins: 65% - International organization publications (IMF, World Bank, etc.): 62% - Private sector reports or analyses: 26% - Academic or research institutions: 24% - Media reports: 15% - Other: 10% - Users view website dissemination and bulletins positively but identified needs: - Improvements in website navigation. - Increased availability of explanatory materials. - Supporting materials (explanatory notes, methodologies, classifications) are generally accessible but could be clearer and more detailed for non-specialist users. - Calls for increased user education and outreach, including explanatory materials and training sessions. ### Users’ suggestions for improvement (survey elicited) - Strengthening the professional independence and governance of the statistical system. - Improved communication, especially regarding the rationale behind significant data revisions. - Promoting greater engagement with users through consultations and feedback mechanisms. - Expanding the coverage and granularity of data, especially in: - Environmental statistics - Tourism - Wages and salaries - Construction - FDI (reinvested earnings) - SMEs - Establishing mechanisms to regularly assess the relevance of data requirements and reduce overlaps in reporting across institutions through single data reporting frameworks. - Greater access to anonymized microdata for research purposes. - Providing more detailed methodological notes and clear information about revision policies. - Improving the timeliness and frequency of certain datasets, such as GDP or FDI transactions. ### Overall user satisfaction and priorities - The survey indicates a high level of satisfaction with official statistics in Mauritius regarding coverage, quality, and accessibility. - Users value timely and relevant data from Statistics Mauritius and other agencies, while identifying areas for further improvement. - Sustained attention to professional independence and governance is essential. - Continued engagement with users and ongoing enhancements to data dissemination practices are recommended to keep statistics responsive to evolving needs. ### Legal, institutional environment, and assurances of integrity — key assessment results and recommendations - Statistics Mauritius (SM) - Table 1 summary: Elements assessed: Total #Recs. 90; #Recs. Assessed 90; #Recs. Not Relevant 0; Overall Assessment: LO - Table 2 (Assurances of Integrity): Total #Recs. 30; #Recs. Assessed 29; #Recs. Not Relevant 1; Overall Assessment: LO - Additional recommendations for SM: - Pre-release data be provided to authorities only after markets have closed. - Establish a formal ethics reporting framework including: - A confidential web form with clear non-retaliation guarantees. - Mandatory annual conflict-of-interest attestation (applicable to all staff and managers) plus event-driven updates within a defined window (for example, 10 business days). Terms should define covered “outside engagements/affiliations,” set pre-approval rules for paid external work, and require recusals where relevant. - Institute mandatory annual ethics (refresher) training for all staff levels, enforced through tracked completion and integrated into performance evaluations. - Bank of Mauritius (BOM) - Table 3 (Legal and Institutional Environment): Total #recs. 90; #recs. assessed 85; #recs. not applicable 6; Overall Assessment: LO - Table 4 (BOM Assurances of Integrity): Total #recs. 30; #recs. assessed 25; #recs. not applicable 5; Overall Assessment: LO - Additional recommendations for BOM: - Update the BOM Act 2004 in specified areas to strengthen the legal/institutional environment for statistical compilation. - Implement strict protocols for governing microdata access for research/statistical purposes, ensuring confidentiality safeguards (e.g., secure on-site facilities, anonymization protocols). - Automate data collection and validation processes (particularly for GBCs) to enhance data quality. - Hold regular (quarterly or bi-monthly) Inter-Agency Technical Working Group meetings (BOM, SM, FSC...) to validate and reconcile data. - Ministry of Finance (MOF) - Table 5 (MOF Legal and Institutional Framework): Total #recs. 90; #recs. assessed 69; #recs. not applicable 21; Overall Assessment: O - Additional recommendations for MOF: - Revise the legislative framework to define an appropriate structure and assignment of responsibilities for the management and reporting of public debt. - Establish a mechanism to monitor the extent to which existing PSDS reports are meeting user needs. *Prepared by Statistics Department; mission and report details as provided in the source.* ### 10. Table 6 shows MOF’s weighted scores of 30 indicators assessing the assurances of ### Tables 6–20: Assessments and Recommendations — MOF and Sectoral Statistics ### A. MOF Assurances of Integrity (Table 6) - Data Quality Indicators: Total # of recommendations 30; # of recommendations assessed 30; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 100%; Overall Assessment LO - Institutional Integrity: Total # of recommendations 8; # of recommendations assessed 8; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 60%; ROSC Rating O - Transparency: Total # of recommendations 10; # of recommendations assessed 10; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LNO - Ethical Standards: Total # of recommendations 12; # of recommendations assessed 12; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendation: - Establish an advance release calendar to inform users of upcoming data releases and provide advance notice on material changes in methodology or data sources. ### B. National Accounts (NA) Alignment with International Statistical Standards (Table 7) - Elements of Quality: Overall Assessment 159 total # of Recs.; 137 # of Recs. assessed; 22 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Concepts & Definitions: Total # of Recs. 42; # of Recs. assessed 40; # of Recs. Not relevant 2; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Accounting Rules: Total # of Recs. 24; # of Recs. assessed 22; # of Recs. Not relevant 2; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating O - Methods: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 2; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Classifications: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 15%; ROSC Rating O - Scope of Statistical Output: Total # of Recs. 77; # of Recs. assessed 61; # of Recs. Not relevant 16; Element Weights 25%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendations to strengthen National Accounts (alignment): - Disseminate quarterly GDP by Income estimates (already compiled in-house), to broaden the analytical use and transparency of the national accounts. - Reduce the size of the statistical discrepancy—currently 5 percent to 8 percent of GDP for 2021 to 2024—through regular supply and use tables compilation and balancing. - Improve scope and timeliness of institutional sector accounts. - Expand the sectoral balance sheets to include nonfinancial assets and improve the coverage of financial assets and liabilities. - Commence compilation of financial accounts and reconcile net lending /borrowing balances with those from the capital accounts. - Reconcile key aggregates from the institutional sector accounts and balance sheets with those from GFS, MFS, and ESS. - Adopt Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM)-consistent estimates of consumption of fixed capital. Accuracy and Reliability (Table 8) - Elements of Reliability & Accuracy: Overall Assessment 208 total # of Recs.; 195 # of Recs. assessed; 13 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Source Data are Adequate to Ensure Accuracy & Reliability: Total # of Recs. 120; # of Recs. assessed 114; # of Recs. Not relevant 6; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Accuracy of Source Data is Regularly Assessed: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Rigorous Statistics Techniques are Used: Total # of Recs. 56; # of Recs. assessed 51; # of Recs. Not relevant 5; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Rigorous Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of Recs. 17; # of Recs. assessed 16; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating LO - Revision Analysis and Reliability Monitoring: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendations to strengthen National Accounts (accuracy/reliability): - Improve estimation of work-in-progress (as it relates to construction and cultivated biological assets). - Use the disaggregated GBC-level data provided by the FSC to improve the classification of GBCs to appropriate institutional sectors and industrial classifications. - Revise the estimates of output for GBCs engaged in merchanting from the sum of cost approach currently used to the margin. - Revise the methodology used to derive estimates of output (and implicit exports) and imports of investment funds and holding companies. - Compile and reconcile primary income related to holding companies and investment funds. Serviceability (Table 9) - Elements of Serviceability: Overall Assessment 57 total # of Recs.; 57 # of Recs. Assessed; 3 # of Recs. Not Relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Periodicity: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. Assessed 8; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Timeliness: Total # of Recs. 13; # of Recs. Assessed 11; # of Recs. Not Relevant 2; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Data Consistency: Total # of Recs. 23; # of Recs. Assessed 22; # of Recs. Not Relevant 1; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Correction and Revision Policy and Practice: Total # of Recs. 13; # of Recs. Assessed 13; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendations to strengthen National Accounts (serviceability): - Shorten publication lags for institutional sector accounts and balance sheets to 90–120 days. - Extend quarterly reporting beyond GDP to institutional sector accounts and (from financial to) total balance sheets—moving to quarterly compilation and dissemination of institutional sector accounts once the annual estimates are fully developed. - Reconcile Institutional Sector Accounts (ISA) balance sheets with the IIP, MFS, and GFS, and reconciling GDP by production and expenditure after implementing the March 2025 GBCs recommendations. Accessibility (Table 10) - Elements of Accessibility: Overall Assessment 44 total # of Recs.; 44 # of Recs. assessed; 0 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Data Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 9; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LNO - Assistance to Users: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendation: - Publish long time series of national accounts in both current prices and volume estimates in one location, to facilitate user access and transparency. ### C. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Alignment with International Standards (Table 11) - Elements of Quality: Overall Assessment 39 total # of Recs.; 139 # of Recs. assessed; 38 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Concepts & Definitions: Total # of Recs. 15; # of Recs. assessed 15; # of Recs. Not relevant 13; Element Weights 40%; ROSC Rating O - Accounting Rules: Total # of Recs. 7; # of Recs. assessed 7; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 15%; ROSC Rating O - Classifications: Total # of Recs. 2; # of Recs. assessed 2; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 15%; ROSC Rating O - Scope of Statistical Output: Total # of Recs. 15; # of Recs. assessed 15; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendations to strengthen CPI statistics: - Include an expenditure weight for OOH based on rental equivalence. - The price reference period should immediately precede the introduction of the updated index to avoid overlapping series. - Move from the use of long-term comparisons to short-term comparisons to facilitate the treatment of missing prices and introduction of new products. Accuracy and Reliability (Table 12) - Elements of Reliability & Accuracy: Overall Assessment 55 total # of Recs.; 53 # of Recs. assessed; 2 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Source Data are Adequate to Ensure Accuracy & Reliability: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 50%; ROSC Rating O - Accuracy of Source Data is Regularly Assessed: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Rigorous Statistics Techniques are Used: Total # of Recs. 12; # of Recs. assessed 11; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating LO - Rigorous Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 5; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Revision Analysis and Reliability Monitoring: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 4; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendations to strengthen CPI (accuracy/reliability): - Assess how the price change of OOH could be best estimated in the CPI. - Expand collection to include outlets that exist exclusively online. - Conduct studies of long-term inflation trends to identify potential systematic biases and assess other potential sources of bias in the CPI. Serviceability (Table 13) - Elements of Serviceability: Overall Assessment 12 total # of Recs.; 11 # of Recs. Assessed; 5 # of Recs. Not Relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Periodicity: Total # of Recs. 1; # of Recs. Assessed 1; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Timeliness: Total # of Recs. 1; # of Recs. Assessed 1; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Data Consistency: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. Assessed 5; # of Recs. Not Relevant 1; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Correction and Revision Policy and Practice: Total # of Recs. 4; # of Recs. Assessed 4; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendation: - Include explicit description of error and revisions policy in methodology notes. Accessibility (Table 14) - Elements of Accessibility: Overall Assessment 44 total # of Recs.; 43 # of Recs. assessed; 1 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Data Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 96%; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 91%; ROSC Rating O - Assistance to Users: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendations to strengthen CPI accessibility and dissemination: - Introduce an interactive, web-based dashboard enabling dynamic visualization, customization, and downloading of CPI data to enhance user engagement and accessibility. - Adopt standardized, machine-readable dissemination formats (ideally following the SDMX standard) to facilitate automated data usage in research, modeling, and policy analysis. - Make the “HBS and Updates CPI Report” prominent on the main CPI page and supplement the report by adding detail on changes to the item basket. - Update the dedicated CPI methodology note. ### D. Producer Price Index (PPI) Alignment with International Standards (Table 15) - Elements of Quality: Overall Assessment 54 total # of Recs.; 53 # of Recs. assessed; 1 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Concepts & Definitions: Total # of Recs. 18; # of Recs. assessed 18; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 40%; ROSC Rating LO - Accounting Rules: Total # of Recs. 10; # of Recs. assessed 9; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Classifications: Total # of Recs. 3; # of Recs. assessed 3; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 15%; ROSC Rating O - Scope of Statistical Output: Total # of Recs. 23; # of Recs. assessed 23; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 35%; ROSC Rating LO Additional recommendations: - Expand coverage to include exports, providing a measure of total output prices. - Expand the scope of the index beyond the goods-producing sectors. Accuracy and Reliability (Table 16) - Elements of Reliability & Accuracy: Overall Assessment 45 total # of Recs.; 44 # of Recs. assessed; 1 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Source Data are Adequate to Ensure Accuracy & Reliability: Total # of Recs. 18; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 50%; ROSC Rating LO - Accuracy of Source Data is Regularly Assessed: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Rigorous Statistics Techniques are Used: Total # of Recs. 12; # of Recs. assessed 11; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating O - Rigorous Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 5; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Revision Analysis and Reliability Monitoring: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 5; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendations to strengthen PPI accuracy/reliability: - The price reference period should immediately precede the introduction of the updated index to avoid overlapping series. - Reduce the lag between the weight reference period and the introduction of the new weights. Use up-to-date National Accounts data to supplement the five-yearly Census of Economic Activities data to ensure that the index remains representative of the current structure of the economy. - Introduce weighting at the lowest level of aggregation using data collection from establishments during survey respondent initiation. - Move from the use of long-term comparisons to short-term comparisons to facilitate the treatment of missing prices and introduction of new products. - For treatment of strongly seasonal items in the PPI for Agriculture, consider introducing a method based on the imputation of prices under a fixed weight approach. Serviceability (Table 17) - Elements of Serviceability: Overall Assessment 12 total # of Recs.; 11 # of Recs. Assessed; 5 # of Recs. Not Relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Periodicity: Total # of Recs. 1; # of Recs. Assessed 1; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Timeliness: Total # of Recs. 1; # of Recs. Assessed 1; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Data Consistency: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. Assessed 5; # of Recs. Not Relevant 1; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Correction and Revision Policy and Practice: Total # of Recs. 4; # of Recs. Assessed 4; # of Recs. Not Relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendations: - Indices recompiled for earlier periods using new weights should not be disseminated. - Include explicit description of the error and revisions policy in methodology notes. Accessibility (Table 18) - Elements of Accessibility: Overall Assessment 44 total # of Recs.; 43 # of Recs. assessed; 1 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating O - Data Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating O - Assistance to Users: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O Additional recommendations to strengthen PPI accessibility and dissemination: - Introduce an interactive, web-based dashboard enabling dynamic visualization, customization, and downloading of PPI data to enhance user engagement and accessibility. - Adopt standardized, machine-readable dissemination formats (ideally following the SDMX standard) to facilitate automated data usage in research, modeling, and policy analysis. ### E. Government Finance Statistics (GFS) Alignment with International Statistical Standards (Table 19) - Elements of Quality: Overall Assessment 103 total # of Recs.; 96 # of Recs. assessed; 7 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Concepts & Definitions: Total # of Recs. 54; # of Recs. assessed 50; # of Recs. Not relevant 4; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Accounting Rules: Total # of Recs. 23; # of Recs. assessed 22; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating LO - Methods: Total # of Recs. 7; # of Recs. assessed 7; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Classifications: Total # of Recs. 4; # of Recs. assessed 4; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 15%; ROSC Rating O - Scope of Statistical Output: Total # of Recs. 15; # of Recs. assessed 13; # of Recs. Not relevant 2; Element Weights 25%; ROSC Rating LNO Additional recommendations to strengthen GFS: - Expand the compilation and dissemination coverage to the full public sector. - Provide more comprehensive metadata on the concepts and methods used in the compilation. Accuracy and Reliability (Table 20) - Elements of Quality: Overall Assessment 123 total # of Recs.; 108 # of Recs. assessed; 15 # of Recs. Not relevant; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Source Data are Adequate: Total # of Recs. 84; # of Recs. assessed 45; # of Recs. Not relevant 39; Element Weights 50%; ROSC Rating LO - Accuracy of Source Data is Assessed: Total # of Recs. 7; # of Recs. assessed 7; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Rigorous Statistics Methods: Total # of Recs. 10; # of Recs. assessed 10; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating LO - Rigorous Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of Recs. 15; # of Recs. assessed 13; # of Recs. Not relevant 2; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Revision Analysis: Total # of Recs. 7; # of Recs. assessed 7; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LNO Additional recommendations to strengthen GFS accuracy/reliability: - Expand data sources to provide full coverage of the public sector. - Publish more comprehensive metadata on the data sources and compilation procedures applied when compiling GFS stocks and flows. - Provide more information about the quality assurance process to GFS users, including information about data revisions and any regular analysis conducted as part of the data assurance process. *Source: IMF Staff Calculations from DQAF / DQAF 3.0 as presented in Tables 6–20* ### 26. Table 21 shows Mauritius’ weighted scores for 36 indicators that assess the ### 1musea2025003-source-pdf - 26. Table 21 shows Mauritius’ weighted scores for 36 indicators that assess the ### Government Finance Statistics (GFS) — Serviceability - Table 21: Mauritius: GFS Serviceability - Elements of Quality and scores: - Periodicity: Total # of Recs. 4; # of Recs. assessed 4; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Timeliness: Total # of Recs. 4; # of Recs. assessed 4; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Data Consistency: Total # of Recs. 17; # of Recs. assessed 14; # of Recs. Not relevant 3; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LNO - Correction and Revision Policy and Practice: Total # of Recs. 12; # of Recs. assessed 12; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LNO - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 37; # of Recs. assessed 34; # of Recs. Not relevant 3; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Key to Symbols: O=Observed (90-100% or 4.5-5), LO=Largely Observed (60-90% or 3.0-4.5), LNO=Largely Not Observed (30-60% or 1.5-3.0), and NO=Not Observed (0-30% or below 1.5) - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen GFS: - Publish information to explain to users about typical revision cycles (e.g., based on data availability, audits, coverage changes) and conduct and publish revision studies. ### Government Finance Statistics (GFS) — Accessibility - Table 22: Mauritius: GFS Accessibility - Elements of Quality and scores: - Data Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 26; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 9; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LO - Assistance to Users: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not relevant 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 44; # of Recs. assessed 43; # of Recs. Not relevant 1; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen GFS: - Provide prominent links from GFS data publications to detailed metadata document. - Provide the data in additional formats. ### Balance of Payments (BOP) and International Investment Position (IIP) — Alignment with International Statistical Standards - Table 23: Mauritius: BOP/IIP Alignment with International Statistical Standards - Data Quality Indicators and scores: - Concepts & definitions: Total # of recommendations 52; # of recommendations assessed 49; # of Recommendations not applicable 3; Element Weights 30%; Alignment ROSC Rating LO - Accounting rules: Total # of recommendations 21; # of recommendations assessed 19; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 20%; Alignment ROSC Rating O - Methods: Total # of recommendations 11; # of recommendations assessed 9; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 10%; Alignment ROSC Rating LO - Classifications: Total # of recommendations 4; # of recommendations assessed 4; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 15%; Alignment ROSC Rating O - Recommended scope of statistical output: Total # of recommendations 33; # of recommendations assessed 29; # of Recommendations not applicable 4; Element Weights 25%; Alignment ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of recommendations 121; # of recommendations assessed 110; # of Recommendations not applicable 11; Element Weights 100%; Alignment ROSC Rating LO - Key to Symbols: O=Observed (90–100% or 4.5–5), LO=Largely Observed (60–89% or 3–4.4), LNO=Largely Not Observed (30–59% or 1.5–2.9), and NO=Not Observed (0–29% or below 1.5) - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen BOP/IIP Statistics: - Make relevant adjustments and validation to goods exports and imports. - Include FISIM in the BOP. - Compute and analyze rates of return using investment income and IIP data for GBCs to enhance data quality. - Compile Integrated IIP. ### BOP/IIP — Accuracy and Reliability - Table 24: Mauritius: BOP/IIP Accuracy and Reliability - Elements of Quality and scores: - Adequacy of Source Data: Total # of recommendations 85; # of recommendations assessed 74; # of Recommendations not applicable 11; Element Weights 50%; ROSC Rating O - Accuracy of Source Data: Total # of recommendations 12; # of recommendations assessed 10; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating O - Statistical Techniques: Total # of recommendations 18; # of recommendations assessed 8; # of Recommendations not applicable 10; Element Weights 20%; ROSC Rating LO - Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of recommendations 18; # of recommendations assessed 16; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Revisions analysis and Reliability Monitoring: Total # of recommendations 7; # of recommendations assessed 7; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of recommendations 140; # of recommendations assessed 115; # of Recommendations not applicable 25; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Additional recommendations to strengthen BOP/IIP statistics: - Map source data with classification in BOP/IIP to readily align to the BOP/IIP classifications. - Hold periodic meetings with large stakeholders from the GBC community to enhance cooperation in data collection and data quality. - Conduct ad-hoc surveys when necessary to supplement regular surveys to enhance data accuracy. - Investigate sources of revisions, study long-term trends and adjust initial estimates. ### BOP/IIP — Serviceability - Table 25: Mauritius: BOP/IIP Serviceability - Elements of Quality and scores: - Periodicity: Total # of recommendations 7; # of recommendations assessed 7; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating O - Timeliness: Total # of recommendations 7; # of recommendations assessed 7; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Data Consistency: Total # of recommendations 17; # of recommendations assessed 15; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 30%; ROSC Rating LO - Correction and revisions policy and practice: Total # of recommendations 12; # of recommendations assessed 12; # of Recommendations not applicable 0; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of recommendations 43; # of recommendations assessed 41; # of Recommendations not applicable 2; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen BOP/IIP Statistics: - Analyze data revisions and publish revision studies (scale/direction of changes from preliminary to final). - Reduce the timeliness of compiling and disseminating IIP data to within 90 days after the reference period. ### BOP/IIP — Accessibility - Table 26: Mauritius: BOP/IIP Accessibility - Element of Quality and scores: - Data Accessibility: Total # of recommendations 26; # of recommendations assessed 25; # of Recommendations not applicable 1; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of recommendations 9; # of recommendations assessed 6; # of Recommendations not applicable 3; Element Weights 45%; ROSC Rating LNO - Assistance to users: Total # of recommendations 8; # of recommendations assessed 7; # of Recommendations not applicable 1; Element Weights 10%; ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of recommendations 43; # of recommendations assessed 38; # of Recommendations not applicable 5; Element Weights 100%; ROSC Rating LO - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen BOP/IIP Statistics: - Disseminate BOP/IIP statistics according to the SDMX standards. - Establish contact points for BOP/IIP statistics and post contact information on the website and in all statistical releases. - Actively monitor the usage of BOP/IIP statistics and report to head of BOP/IIP. - Make metadata readily accessible (e.g., websites, statistical publications) and cross-referenced in data releases. ### Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) — Alignment with MFSMCG - Table 27: Mauritius: MFS Alignment to the MFSMCG - Elements of Quality and scores: - Concepts & Definitions: Total # of Recs. 45; # of Recs. assessed 45; # of Recs. Not applicable 35; Element Weights LO - Accounting Rules: Total # of Recs. 27; # of Recs. assessed 27; # of Recs. Not applicable 25; Element Weights LO - Methods: Total # of Recs. 0; # of Recs. assessed 0; # of Recs. Not applicable 0; Element Weights NA - Classifications: Total # of Recs. 24; # of Recs. assessed 24; # of Recs. Not applicable 30; Element Weights O - Scope of Statistical Output: Total # of Recs. 5; # of Recs. assessed 5; # of Recs. Not applicable 10; Element Weights O - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 101; # of Recs. assessed 101; # of Recs. Not applicable 100; Element Weights O - Note: Elements are rated on a 5-point scale. - Legend: O=Observed (90–100% or 4.5–5), LO=Largely Observed (60–89% or 3.0–4.4), LNO=Largely Not Observed (30–59% or 1.5–2.9), and NO=Not Observed (0–29% or below 1.5) - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen MFS Statistics: - Improve source data granularity to ensure accrued interest is incorporated into the outstanding amount of the financial asset or liability. - Improve recording of central bank assets included in official reserve assets and ensure consistency between MFS and External Sector Statistics. ### Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) — Accuracy and Reliability - Table 28: Mauritius: MFS Accuracy and Reliability - Elements of Reliability & Accuracy and scores: - Source Data are Adequate: Total # of Recs. 60; # of Recs. assessed 60; # of Recs. Not relevant 50; Element Weights O - Accuracy of Source Data is Assessed: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 9; # of Recs. Not relevant 10; Element Weights LO - Rigorous Statistics Methods: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 20; Element Weights O - Rigorous Quality Assurance Practices: Total # of Recs. 12; # of Recs. assessed 12; # of Recs. Not relevant 10; Element Weights LO - Revision Analysis: Total # of Recs. 6; # of Recs. assessed 6; # of Recs. Not relevant 10; Element Weights LNO - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 93; # of Recs. assessed 93; # of Recs. Not relevant 100; Element Weights LO - Legend: O=Observed (90–100% or 4.5–5), LO=Largely Observed (60–89% or 3.0–4.4), LNO=Largely Not Observed (30–59% or 1.5–2.9), and NO=Not Observed (0–29% or below 1.5) - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen MFS Statistics: - Improve the coverage of registers of financial institutions in MFS to include all other financial intermediaries except insurance corporations and pension funds. - Ensure that MFS producers are consulted on changes in source data for the central bank and changes in source data for ODCs. - Ensure that OFC report forms are periodically reviewed to reflect new developments in MFS. - Introduce periodic meetings with the financial community to solicit cooperation in data collection and identify new developments for MFS. ### Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) — Serviceability - Table 29: Mauritius: MFS Serviceability - Elements of Serviceability and scores: - Periodicity: Total # of Recs. 3; # of Recs. assessed 3; # of Recs. Not relevant 30; ROSC Rating O - Timeliness: Total # of Recs. 3; # of Recs. assessed 3; # of Recs. Not relevant 30; ROSC Rating O - Data Consistency: Total # of Recs. 15; # of Recs. assessed 15; # of Recs. Not relevant 4; Element Weights 30; ROSC Rating LO - Correction and Revision Policy and Practice: Total # of Recs. 12; # of Recs. assessed 12; # of Recs. Not relevant 10; ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 33; # of Recs. assessed 33; # of Recs. Not relevant 100; ROSC Rating LO - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen MFS Statistics: - Establish a transparent revision policy to strengthen user confidence in the data's underlying methodology. ### Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) — Accessibility - Table 30: Mauritius: MFS Accessibility - Elements of Accessibility and scores: - Data Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 26; # of Recs. assessed 26; # of Recs. Not applicable 1; Element Weights 45; ROSC Rating LO - Metadata Accessibility: Total # of Recs. 9; # of Recs. assessed 9; # of Recs. Not applicable 3; Element Weights 45; ROSC Rating LNO - Assistance to Users: Total # of Recs. 8; # of Recs. assessed 8; # of Recs. Not applicable 1; Element Weights 10; ROSC Rating LO - Overall Assessment: Total # of Recs. 43; # of Recs. assessed 43; # of Recs. Not applicable 5; Element Weights 1; ROSC Rating LO - Additional Recommendations to Improve Accessibility of MFS statistics: - Disseminate MFS according to the SDMX standards. - BOM to start monitoring the usage of MFS and introduce dashboards and interactive tools to improve user interaction. - Add contact points on the website to improve assistance to users. ### Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS) - Diagnostic assessment conducted as part of a project funded by the Government of Japan; key findings and recommendations included in Module I of the data ROSC module and a separate PSDS report. - Additional Recommendations to Strengthen PSDS: - Alignment with International Standards: - Use the midpoint between the buying and selling rate when converting foreign currency debt stocks into Mauritian rupees. - Include information on explicit and implicit contingent liabilities as supplementary information. - Transparently show all intra-public sector debt which is subject to consolidation. - Expand coverage of public debt reports to include debts of public sector banks. - Accuracy and Reliability: - Improve the timeliness and quality of financial statements for public sector entities to provide a sound annual data source for expansion of the PSDS instrument coverage. - Introduce a policy for the correction of errors. - Undertake regular revision studies to refine preliminary data for subsequent periods and identify any persistent reporting biases. - Serviceability: - Publish information on typical revision cycles (e.g., based on data availability, audits, coverage changes) and the MOF’s revision policy. - Maintain access to historic/previous debt publications to allow users to directly compare the latest PSDS reports with those previously published. - Accessibility: - Publish an advance release calendar which clearly highlights the planned publication dates and time of release for all upcoming debt statistics alongside the data tables on the MOF website. - Promote and raise awareness on where users can address queries, receive assistance and request more information. *Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1musea2025003-source-pdf.pdf* ### 11. SM has already implemented several of the recommendations relating to Global ### 11. SM has already implemented several of the recommendations relating to Global ### Global Business Services, SUT rebasing, and statistical discrepancies - SM has already implemented several of the recommendations relating to Global Business Services (GBCs). - Additional items such as Merchanting will be included in a phased manner once they are available and duly validated. - Inclusion of these items will result in a reduction in statistical discrepancies. - Statistics Mauritius is finalising the data collection for the Census of Economic Activities that will be used to compile the benchmark Supply and Use Table (SUT) and the rebasing of National Accounts by end 2026. - This will allow the elimination of statistical discrepancies for the benchmark year and will provide insights on the sources of the discrepancies. - Other recommendations will be implemented as capacity (human resources and technical capability) becomes adequate. - Technical Assistance missions, such as the Services Producer Price Index (SPPI), are expected in early 2026 to support the implementation of the recommendations. - SPPI is also related to the improvement under Producer Price Index (PPI). ### Response to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) recommendations - Statistics Mauritius concurs with the assessment and recommendations of the ROSC mission on CPI. - CPI is already aligned to most of the international recommendations. - Statistics Mauritius will require Technical Assistance to improve the treatment of Owner-Occupied Housing (OOH). - The OOH component is also related to the improvement of National Accounts. ### Response to the Producer Price Index (PPI) recommendations - Statistics Mauritius is agreeable with the assessment and recommendations of the ROSC mission on PPI. - Statistics Mauritius undertakes to timely implement the recommendations. - A Technical Assistance mission is planned on the Compilation of Services Producer Price Index (SPPI) in early 2026. ### Response to the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) recommendations - Statistics Mauritius concurs with the assessment and recommendations of the ROSC mission on Government Finance Statistics. - Statistics Mauritius will collaborate with the Ministry of Finance, which is implementing the accrual International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) for the public sector in a phased manner. - IPSAS implementation will provide a major source for data to publish quarterly general government operations. - This will also allow the compilation and publication of integrated statements of stocks and flow positions. ### Response to the External Sector Statistics recommendations - The Bank is agreeable with the assessment and recommendations of the ROSC mission, which aligns with several recommendations received during recent IMF technical assistance missions. - Work on these recommendations, including incorporating the merchanting of goods estimates and FISIM in the BOP, has already started and has been progressing well, with completion expected in due course. - The Bank will prioritize dissemination of a sources and methods document on its website to better inform the public of the methodology used in computing BOP and IIP statistics and to improve interaction with users. ### Response to the Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) recommendations - The Bank is agreeable with the assessment and recommendations of the ROSC mission to better align monetary and financial statistics to international statistical standards and improve accuracy and reliability. - The Bank will review Broad Money Liabilities to exclude restricted deposits and long-term deposits and publish in due course a revised dataset starting from October 2018. - The Bank will work on the integrated framework of stock and flow data and improve data consistency across sectors and other official statistics. - A sources and methods document will be published on the Bank’s website to better inform the public about the methodology used in computing MFS and improve interaction with users. ### Response to the Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS) recommendations - The Ministry of Finance is agreeable to the findings and recommendations of the PSDS Diagnostic Assessment and the ROSC mission. - The Ministry will bring the necessary amendments to the legislation to establish public sector debt statistics as official statistics subject to the oversight and safeguards of the Statistics Act. - Works have already started in compiling relevant data to expand the current coverage of public sector debt to include other accounts payable and public sector liabilities such as deposits, insurance and pensions. - The Public Debt Management Act was amended through the Finance Act 2025 to provide for the reduction of the public sector debt to GDP ratio, the fiscal anchor, to 75 percent by June 2030 and 60 percent by June 2035. - The fiscal anchor is being used (i.e., including loans, debt securities and the IMF SDR allocations) as these are the primary instruments used to finance budget deficits and support public investment. - Metadata explaining the data sources, coverage and definitions has been published together with the debt tables. - Both the initial and revised debt data for the previous quarter are now being published so that users can identify changes. - Stock-flow reconciliation tables will also be published together with appropriate notes on major changes. *Source: 1musea2025003-source-pdf - 11. SM has already implemented several of the recommendations relating to Global* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1musea2025003-source-pdf.pdf_