## dataset overview

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [dataset overview](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/esr/2019/english/data/2019esr-ch1.xlsx)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/esr/2019/english/data/2019esr-ch1.xlsx.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/esr/2019/english/data/2019esr-ch1.xlsx.json)

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### Global current account balances and exchange rates (Figure 1.1; Figure 1.7)
- Coverage: Current Account Balances, 1990-2018 (percent of world GDP) and Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rate, 2018 (percentage change).
- Sample data points (1990):
  - USA: -0.3358447552444448
  - GBR: -0.1559419135275416
  - CHN: 0
  - Overall balances (right scale): 2.068655585460032
  - ARG REER (Nominal Exchange Rate): -18.186495783876854; -69.81487071357692

### Impact of recent trade actions and global trade dynamics (Figure 1.2)
- Themes: Change in US imports (Sept-Nov 2018 vs 2017, Million USD) and evolution of global trade & industrial production with US average tariff rate (Jan 2014 - Dec 2018; Year-over-year percent change/percent).
- Sample monthly datapoints:
  - 2014m01: Global trade 2.622162217592423; Global IP 3.4883969490517734; US average tariff rate 1.69
  - Country diff entries: CHN -844.8746; VNM -392.1755; THA -63.08389

### Change in global current account imbalances (Figure 1.3)
- Metric: Change in Global Current Account Imbalances, 2006-18 (percent of World GDP).
- Sample entries:
  - 2006-2007: USA -1.392969310761818; CHN 0.5284600346698011; Oil exporters 0.9035525976159686
  - 2017-2018: USA -0.5614301179205815; EA 0.5876744568364602; CHN 0.15047626149363552

### Current account drivers: fiscal and credit policy (Figure 1.4)
- Focus: Change in Current Account Balance vs Fiscal Balance and Private Credit, 2007-18 (percent of GDP); Fiscal contribution to change in current account, 2013-18 (percent of world GDP).
- Selected entries:
  - USA: Chg in CA Balance/GDP 2.587005853652954; Chg in Fiscal Balance/GDP -1.4862759113311768; Change in Private Credit/GDP -11.213088989257812
  - CHN (systemic fiscal contribution): Fiscal contribution -0.23047647579205136; Change in CA balance -0.13500474092662376

### Current account balances and REER, 2007-18 (Figure 1.5)
- Per-economy series for United States and China (2007–2018):
  - US Non-oil CA balance (2007→2018): -2.782296414825066, -1.8517585847721287, -1.065830156914788, -0.9901447767316678, -0.6256675202347095, -0.7159884052960259, -0.5866787410652181, -0.8949505614450612, -1.693989340973583, -1.9348644769513266, -1.9230860028534185, -2.010912090920911
  - US REER (2007→2018): 100, 95.74328502002173, 99.82135269343497, 95.33375497278105, 90.58265625003077, 92.83027555533896, 92.98418141813384, 94.5411913571536, 104.72987398233677, 108.98973176840556, 108.73184107751787, 107.707784983989
  - China CA balance (2007→2018): 9.88905181057243, 9.134285974026627, 4.749545503045112, 3.9201556371501125, 1.8092913676390412, 2.513220552227451, 1.5381792038031339, 2.2406947509278683, 2.709419334841787, 1.8018746992995331, 1.6175763442794473, 0.3661554646017194

### Selected EMDEs: Current and financial accounts; capital allocation (Figure 1.6; Figure 1.7)
- Selected EMDE series, 2000-2018 (percent of GDP): DI net flows, Non DI net flow, Change GIR, CA deficit, REER.
- Sample entries (selected deficit EMDEs):
  - DI net flows (2000→2018): 2.113197593462161, 2.5765588907737658, 1.8671700667818987, 1.109959658242831, 1.1052446456349574, 1.5249629384614534, 0.7237916193785877, 1.7881850599967302, 1.9134215655592788, 1.4091165875293068, 1.5497242739316341, 1.9300623776284782, 1.7979796686620844, 1.745678102509661, 1.6990937873248464, 1.9359230544717954, 1.9240949177205924, 1.6323354106443688, 1.94635732403451
  - CA deficit (2000→2018): 2.092347964179809, 1.1776743694304919, -0.0757562589261338, -0.6989047236344172, 0.2729148394795158, 0.6818117635579166, 0.6137134142395517, 1.2093682239716141, 2.086497520714205, 1.2825914918456989, 2.4483404495084597, 3.0685337482104678, 3.454074631446687, 3.2080868453026197, 2.940243702133431, 2.4399018473267136, 1.7568911161481546, 2.0578802432584853, 2.3969714035206824

### NIIP and valuation changes; current account and NIIP projections (Figure 1.8; Figure 1.15)
- NIIP series, 1990-2018 (Percent of world GDP) and CA/NIIP valuation change linkages.
- Selected country projections and levels:
  - GRC: Nominal GDP (bill. USD) 218.23018024659402; 2018 NIIP -136.39813578492735; 2019-23 average current account -3.547646199937154
  - IRL: Nominal GDP (bill. USD) 376.0351487132889; 2018 NIIP -137.14374886864854; 2019-23 average current account 6.4204098795386555
  - Projection series examples (net external creditor positions, 1985–2030) show year values including 2018 18.400293323240355 and subsequent annual projection points

### External Balance Assessment (EBA) norms and staff-assessed gaps (Figure 1.9; Figure 1.10; Figure 1.11; Figure 1.12; Figure 1.13; Figure 1.14)
- EBA norm components and country-level norm outputs (percent of GDP).
- Sample EBA norm row entries:
  - CHE: EBA norm 5.929933264847309; Desired policies 1.7564732648473096; NFA 2.60454; Demographics 0.6701800000000001; Expected growth/GDPPC/institutions 0.98218; Reserve currency and oil -0.08344
  - NLD: EBA norm 3.258193964847309; Desired policies 0.5636539648473095; NFA 1.3923100000000002; Demographics 0.89038; Expected growth/GDPPC/institutions 0.90143; Reserve currency and oil -0.48957999999999996
- Staff-assessed CA gaps (percent of GDP) and REER gaps (percent) samples (Figure 1.11):
  - ARG: Staff CA Gap Midpoint -3; Staff REER Gap Midpoint -12.5
  - AUS: Staff CA Gap Midpoint -0.8999999999999999; Staff REER Gap Midpoint 6
  - BEL: Staff CA Gap Midpoint -3.7; Staff REER Gap Midpoint 8.5
- Crosswalk of overall policy gaps, staff-assessed CA gaps and contributions to world GDP (Figure 1.12):
  - Argentina: Overall policy gap -0.7737924302054797; Staff-assessed CA gap -3; CA Gap % of world gdp 0.00018307976943240944
  - China: Overall policy gap -0.3198674149734794; Staff-assessed CA gap 0.7999999999999999; CA Gap % of world gdp 0.0012634076457706215
- Distributional snapshots (Figure 1.13) sample:
  - CHN Positive CA Gap 0.13
  - USA Negative CA Gap 0.34

### External debt and external financing needs (Figure 1.16)
- Gross External Debt and Gross External Financing Needs, 2006-18 (percent of GDP), with 2018 levels and changes since 2006.
- Selected country entries:
  - China (CHN): Gross External Debt 14.81969359610567; Change in Gross External Debt 2.1096117286487104; Gross External Financing Needs 8.838442220094448; Change in Gross Financing Needs 9.716480295867509
  - Turkey (TUR): Gross External Debt 58.04560489975008; Change in Gross External Debt 20.28083959850356; Gross External Financing Needs 18.750610010256935; Change in Gross Financing Needs 5.31188954605012
  - Malaysia (MYS): Gross External Debt 62.40015437836816; Change in Gross External Debt 7.59; Gross External Financing Needs 25.249099889834397; Change in Gross Financing Needs 11.12
  - Philippines (PHL): Gross External Debt 24.057899707300002; Change in Gross External Debt -26.16060018602365; Gross External Financing Needs 7.1395564524054596; Change in Gross Financing Needs 6.6850340056571245

### Country-level and sectoral detailed series (multiple figure subpanels)
- High-granularity time series and panel datasets available for many economies and themes, including:
  - China quarterly CA components, 2008:Q1–2018 (Figure 1.2.1) — sample CA balance 2008:Q1 9.902123570956137; Goods balance 8.46913771792177; Income balance 1.286241458063552
  - Selected economies: National Saving vs Gross fixed capital formation (Figure 1.2.2) — sample: Canada National Saving 20.738096705685898; Gross fixed capital formation 23.62803782647875
  - Euro Area current account and ULC-based REER series, 2000-18 (Figure 1.3.1) — sample 2000 Current Account -1.4502894170876282; REER Index 100.00000000000003
  - Multiple EMDE currency exposure and asset/liability currency composition panels (Figures 1.4.1–1.4.3)
  - Flow sensitivity and model-predicted probability margins for private flows and risk aversion (Figures 1.5.1–1.5.2)
  - Advanced economies sectoral CA changes and corporate saving decompositions (Figures 1.7.1–1.7.4)

*Dataset: "ESR Chapter 1 2019" (figure panels and underlying series as enumerated above).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/esr/2019/english/data/2019esr-ch1.xlsx_