## From lab to jab / تأمل معي

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [From lab to jab / تأمل معي](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2021/december/ar/picture.pdf)

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- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2021/december/ar/picture.pdf.md)
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### From lab to jab — timeline of vaccine discovery and licensing
- COVID-19 vaccines were developed "at a speed never seen before in history."
- Year in which vaccination was licensed in the US and year in which the infection was linked to the disease are shown for many diseases; examples drawn from the chart:
  - COVID-19: linked to disease 2019; licensed in the US 2020.
  - Tuberculosis: linked to disease 1882; vaccine licensed 1921 (note in text: "The only vaccine against tuberculosis is bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), but there is no effective vaccine to prevent tuberculosis in adults.")
  - Cervical cancer (HPV): linked to disease 1976; vaccine licensed 2006 (note: "Not all cervical cancers are caused by the HPV virus, but the HPV vaccine does protect against other cancers caused by the HPV virus.")
  - Other sample years from the chart: 1880, 1884, 1889, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1947, 1948, 1953, 1955, 1963, 1965, 1976, 1981, 1983, 1989, 1995, 2019.
- Note: "The hepatitis vaccine in the chart is for hepatitis B." "There is a partially effective vaccine against Dengue virus (CYD-TDV)."

### Shooting up — global vaccination coverage (share of world population fully vaccinated against COVID-19)
- Timepoints and labels from chart:
  - Dec-20
  - Feb-21
  - Apr-21
  - Jun-21
  - Aug-21
  - Nov-21
- Percent markers shown on chart:
  - 0%
  - 10%
  - 20%
  - 30%
  - 40%
- Annotated facts:
  - "Dec. 14, 2020: The first COVID-19 vaccine dose is administered to the public in the United States."
  - "About one year down and 40% of the world is now vaccinated."
- Data source and update timestamp:
  - "Source: Our World in Data. Last updated November 10, 2021."
- Arabic labels mirrored:
  - "زيادة سريعة في التطعيم" — chart shows "٪ من سكان العالم حتى الآن. مر نحو عام تم فيه تطعيم ٤٠" and percent markers "٢٠٪", "١٠٪", "صفر٪", "٣٠٪", "٤٠٪".
  - Timeline labels repeated in Arabic: "ديسمبر ٢٠٢٠", "فبراير ٢٠٢١", "أبريل ٢٠٢١", "يونيو ٢٠٢١", "أغسطس ٢٠٢١", "نوفمبر ٢٠٢١".

### A tale of three worlds — secured supply, administered doses, and subnational coverage
- Three pictures presented:
  - Picture 1: Secured vaccines and/or expected vaccine supply (percent of population).
  - Picture 2: Vaccine coverage — at least one dose administered (percent of population).
  - Picture 3: Subnational — population fully vaccinated in India by district (percent of population).
- Percent ranges/legends shown:
  - Picture 1 legend: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%+.
  - Picture 2 legend: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%+.
  - Picture 3 legend: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%+.
- Sources and update notes:
  - "Sources: CoWIN; IMF Staff Proposal to End the COVID-19 Pandemic; Our World in Data; and IMF staff calculations."
  - "Note: Country borders do not necessarily reflect the IMF’s official position."
  - "Picture 1 was updated as of November 5; Picture 2 as of November 9; Picture 3 as of October 26."

### Key findings, disparities, and operational challenges
- Rapid scientific and regulatory progress has significantly shortened the development-to-deployment timeline for COVID-19 vaccines.
- Discrepancy between doses secured on paper and doses delivered:
  - Example: "COVAX ... secured contracts and donations covering more than 3 billion doses, but has received only about 440 million doses so far."
- Deep inequalities in vaccination coverage:
  - "High-income countries exceed vaccination rates of 65% of their populations."
  - "Many low-income countries have vaccination rates that barely exceed 3% of their populations."
- Subnational disparities:
  - Data reveal significant within-country variation in coverage (example illustrated for India by district).
- Additional operational concerns highlighted:
  - Supply pipeline risks and the separation between contracted/committed doses and doses that have actually arrived at ports.
  - Potential next obstacles for developing countries: demand shortfalls and vaccine hesitancy once near-term supply constraints are eased.

### Policy emphasis and priorities (IMF perspective)
- Urgent call for action to prioritize deliveries to low-vaccination developing countries to reach global vaccination goals:
  - Global targets referenced: 40% of the population in every country vaccinated by the end of 2021, and 70% by mid-2022.
- Focus areas implied by text and figures:
  - Accelerate and prioritize actual deliveries (not just contracts) to low-income countries.
  - Address subnational distribution inequities to ensure more uniform coverage within countries.
  - Anticipate and mitigate demand-side challenges (vaccine hesitancy and uptake) following supply improvements.

*Sources: Our World in Data; and IMF staff analysis.*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2021/december/ar/picture.pdf_