## Fiscal Monitor Database (April 2019) — dataset overview

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Fiscal Monitor Database (April 2019) — dataset overview](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2019/april/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-april2019.xlsx)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2019/april/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-april2019.xlsx.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2019/april/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-april2019.xlsx.json)

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### Dataset scope and worksheets
- Workbook includes worksheets such as: "FM Database Apr. 2019", "Table of Contents", numerous tables (Table 1.1.–1.5, Table A1.–A23, etc.), figures (Figure 1.1.–2.17, etc.), boxes (Box 1.1.1., Box 1.2.1., Box 1.2.2.), and country definition/coverage tables (Table B., Table C., Table D.).
- Time coverage in many series spans 2010–24, 2012–24, 2019–21, 2019–20, and selected long-run windows (for example "2015–30", "2015–50").
- Units and labels preserved where present, e.g., "(Percent of GDP)", "(Percent of potential GDP)", dates such as "2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z", and country codes (e.g., "AUS", "CYP").

### Major cross-country aggregates and projections (selected series and values)
- Table 1.1. — General Government Fiscal Balance, 2012–24 (Overall Balance), World and groups:
  - World overall balance (Percent of GDP): -3.6909658277259765, -2.791800738745633, -2.7623332274774977, -3.215130938904794, -3.3551071244424855, -2.91719654612548, -2.8232131093226833, -3.333812989853972, -3.0895196204270343, -3.067931894101814, -3.08200047668062, -2.9782863059324463, -2.920291061345655
  - Advanced Economies overall balance (Percent of GDP): -5.375711163590938, -3.5595141326723025, -2.958296162851331, -2.4579450139066714, -2.484776841331645, -2.074481422284784, -2.141906550911183, -2.429508592000547, -2.2558948448591827, -2.2274991660173558, -2.24219187024991, -2.0823187543813786, -1.9810799211529697
  - United States overall balance (Percent of GDP): -7.649145986460497, -4.086268400176945, -3.6541384279538294, -3.1675860214168488, -3.9110286708557958, -3.8463721555626265, -4.255655326913104, -4.624882167718491, -4.427889388932114, -4.372121742033548, -4.432747068638068, -4.033032162775302, -3.7370659673903552
- Table 1.2. — General Government Debt, 2012–24 (Gross Debt, Percent of GDP) — selected aggregates:
  - World gross debt: 79.70086969304748, 78.44000885840711, 78.73525851461513, 79.7656806352321, 82.89822838490669, 81.73750628355795, 81.99360014145138, 82.87288643141974, 82.97895821563206, 83.1570418940457, 83.37118375434639, 83.42746614845724, 83.45224608150032
  - Advanced Economies gross debt: 106.57048102273939, 105.11934549160804, 104.56963654632553, 104.15276542467676, 106.6693577659685, 104.60282440445704, 103.61082375527133, 103.96721210042027, 103.71500588561388, 103.7, 103.58731988883976, 103.34046572458783, 103.01915550775712
- Table 1.3. — Selected Advanced Economies: Gross Financing Need, 2019–21 (Percent of GDP) — sample country entries:
  - Australia (2019 Maturing Debt, Budget Deficit, Total Financing Need): 1.5743846883738166, 1.4508496380409284, 3.025234326414745
  - Austria (2019 Maturing Debt, Budget Deficit, Total Financing Need): 7.620127086294901, 0.1088944008427666, 7.7290214871376675
  - Belgium (2019 Maturing Debt, Budget Deficit, Total Financing Need): 15.8, 1.1862027921421134, 16.986202792142116

### Selected country-level fiscal outlooks (textual summaries from Table 1.5 — preserved wording and numeric values)
- Argentina: "The authorities plan a zero-primary balance in 2019 at the federal level by raising taxes on exports, drawing down assets of the national pension fund, scaling down energy subsidies, and reducing other non-entitlement spending. Medium-term budget projections foresee a primary surplus of 1 percent of GDP by 2020."
- Brazil: "To comply with the constitutional expenditure ceiling, the authorities plan to implement pension reform and contain personnel spending. However, even complying with the constitutional spending ceiling, IMF staff projections are for public debt to continue increasing to just below 100 percent of GDP in 2024."
- China: "The government plans a more proactive fiscal stance for 2019 that would include reductions in the value-added, personal income, and corporate income tax rates. General government debt is projected to rise over the medium term to over 72 percent of GDP by 2024."
- India: "The interim federal government budget of February 2019 envisages a slower pace of adjustment than previously planned, primarily due to the newly announced rural farm income-support scheme. IMF staff projections are that the achievement of the federal government deficit target of 3 percent of GDP will be delayed and that the debt target of 40 percent of GDP will be achieved after 2024."
- Indonesia: "The authorities intend to keep the deficit unchanged at 1.8 percent of GDP in 2019 and increase tax revenue by at least 3 percent of GDP in five years through tax policy and administration reforms. Extra revenue is to be spent on infrastructure, health, education, and structural reforms. In the medium term, public debt is projected to remain below 30 percent of GDP."
- Mexico: "The government targets a public sector borrowing requirement of 2½ percent of GDP in 2019—corresponding to a general government primary surplus of more than 1 percent of GDP—which would fall slightly over the medium term and stabilize the public debt around its current level. The 2019 budget envisages significant expenditure reallocation, including public wage cuts and higher investment in the energy sector."
- Russia: "The government temporarily relaxed its fiscal rule, by allowing a primary deficit of ½ percent of GDP at the benchmark oil price for the next six years. The authorities increased the main value-added tax rate in January 2019 and plan to increase spending by about 1 percent of GDP per year (half to be spent on infrastructure, and half on health, education, and other current spending)."
- Saudi Arabia: "The government’s medium term fiscal plan envisages a balanced budget by 2023, with increased spending on infrastructure development offset by continued non-oil revenue and energy price reforms after 2019. IMF staff projections are for continued fiscal deficits through 2024 reflecting lower oil prices and higher spending than envisaged by the authorities."
- South Africa: "The government’s medium-term budget envisages a widening of the overall deficit to 4.5 percent of GDP in 2019 to accommodate financing for the public utility Eskom, before declining to 4 percent of GDP over the medium term. IMF staff projections suggest that additional consolidation in the next few years would be needed to stabilize the public debt well below 60 percent of GDP."

### Structural fiscal indicators and risk metrics (selected series and values)
- Table A / Table A-series provide Advanced Economies panels including overall balance, primary balance, cyclically adjusted balances, revenue, expenditure, gross debt, net debt — with annual series across 2010–24.
- Table A (aggregates) sample for Australia (percent of GDP):
  - Overall balance series excerpt: -5.092385479542822, -4.437246334224878, -3.4552355804934405, -2.8160434942895884, -2.9207469154650694, -2.7993969648367614, -2.5590446077001925, -1.4897196869616265, -1.2220710652178561, -1.4508496380409284, -0.6665679514879159, 0.01950017339002094, 0.14177272967512466, 0.0010457105526669667, -0.005298801622705138
- Table A-series structural indicators (Table A23. excerpt for Advanced Economies) — sample columns/values:
  - "Pension Spending Change, 2015–30" (Australia): 0.8185815811157227
  - "Net Present Value of Pension Spending Change, 2015–50" (Australia): 25.28778648376465
  - "Health Care Spending Change, 2015–30" (Australia): 1.573110580444336
  - "Net Present Value of Health Care Spending Change, 2015–50" (Australia): 59.56348419189453
  - "Gross Financing Need, 2019" (Australia): 3.025234326414745
  - "Average Term to Maturity, 2019 (years)" (Australia): 7.745205479452054
  - "Debt-to-Average Maturity, 2019" (Australia): 5.30631201821831
  - "Projected Interest Rate–Growth Differential, 2019–24 (percent)" (Australia): -1.2329880582288295
  - "Projected Overall Balance, 2019–24" (Australia): -0.3267329629222894
  - "Nonresident Holding of General Government Debt, 2018 (percent of total)" (Australia): 41.78713304467352

### Notable time series and high-frequency data (selected examples)
- Market / high-frequency series in figures:
  - Figure 1.8. contains daily series with timestamps such as "2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z" and country values (example row): 3.8279999999999994 (Greece), 1.303 (Italy), 1.303 (Portugal), 0.8630000000000001 (Spain), 0.265 (France).
  - Figure 1.16. contains indexed daily series (base 100 at "2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") for Argentina, Turkey, Russia, South Africa, Mexico, Brazil with sample values: 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100 on "2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"; subsequent days show values such as 98.30508474576271, 96.21993127147766, 95.02762430939227, 94.61883408071749, 94.30051813471503, 95.51020408163265 on "2018-01-02T00:00:00.000Z".
- Public finance composition and trends (Figure 1.10. sample series, percent of GDP):
  - "Total revenue" series across 2007–2018 includes values such as 39.53617723587313, 39.34450567620545, 38.63687035683044, 38.10607137553175, 38.66647313716704, 39.10676602315832, 39.96196618869782, 40.129564632359724, 39.90886449105995, 39.93923807081046, 40.17529957727263, 40.35987381363617
  - "Total Expenditures" sample values: 39.914464370466035, 41.29212099643779, 44.954259613564574, 44.056943581992144, 43.27385852941056, 43.23293108147633, 43.21394468976998, 42.677908208691626, 41.8870535072568, 41.440507158097695, 41.024073057030506, 41.050852246671106
  - "Interest expense (RHS)" sample values: 2.5003573645716246, 2.534837921342271, 2.4416018205349657, 2.4613001606490874, 2.5949614076485865, 2.5438745770642983, 2.4234104635536946, 2.287712261109256, 2.0863140474314625, 1.9734306871505027, 1.87859256748461, 1.7974670160301836

### Data quality notes visible in the workbook
- Some cells contain placeholders or missing-data markers visible in samples: "…", "..." and explicit Excel error tokens such as {"error": "#VALUE!"}.
- Rich text formatting and footnote indicators are present in many headings and table labels (superscripts and footnote markers preserved in worksheet text).

### Primary uses and notable deliverables in the workbook
- Cross-country historical series and IMF staff projections for fiscal balances, primary balances, cyclically adjusted balances, revenue, expenditure, gross debt, net debt for Advanced Economies, Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies, and Low-Income Developing Countries across 2010–24 and selected specific horizons.
- Country briefs (Table 1.5) with policy intentions and IMF staff projection highlights for selected large economies and key emerging markets.
- Structural fiscal indicators and vulnerability metrics (gross financing needs, average term to maturity, debt-to-average maturity, projected interest rate–growth differential, nonresident debt holdings).
- High-frequency market/price and commodity series supporting near-term risk analysis (Figures 1.8, 1.16, 1.27, 1.28, etc.).

*Dataset: fiscalmonitordatabase-april2019 (IMF Fiscal Monitor Database — April 2019)*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2019/april/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-april2019.xlsx_