## Fiscal Monitor Database — October 2020 (dataset overview)

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Fiscal Monitor Database — October 2020 (dataset overview)](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2020/october/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-october2020.xlsx)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2020/october/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-october2020.xlsx.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2020/october/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-october2020.xlsx.json)

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### Dataset scope and structure
- Covers general government fiscal balances, primary balances, cyclically adjusted balances, revenue, expenditure, gross debt, net debt, and numerous figures and annexes for groups and individual countries for years spanning 1880–2025 in different worksheets.
- Includes country- and group-level time series, policy measures (spending, equity/loans, guarantees), social assistance and labor-market measures, and scenario/model outputs (hysteresis, scarring, debt scenarios, public investment multipliers).
- Key worksheets sampled: "Table 1.1.", "Table 1.2.", "Table 1.3.", "Figure 1.1." through many figures and annexes, and detailed country tables (Table A1.–A25., Table B.–D.).

### Key fiscal balances and projections (selected values from Table 1.1. and Table 1.2.)
- Table 1.1. General Government Fiscal Balance, 2012–25: Overall Balance (Percent of GDP)
  - World: 2012 = -3.7828511350490412; 2019 = -3.8796640248206598; 2020 = -12.673156487335735; 2021 = -7.64089214928166; 2022 = -5.87074630690868; 2023 = -5.130322450465135; 2024 = -4.763386034380182; 2025 = -4.503742722439035
  - Advanced Economies: 2012 = -5.52414691321107; 2019 = -3.2993591046624227; 2020 = -14.387387575687157; 2021 = -6.899963683133158; 2022 = -4.588794329070156; 2023 = -3.721203229710672; 2024 = -3.4270637133958473; 2025 = -3.3480956336951997
  - United States: 2012 = -8.028126726780494; 2019 = -6.349296933803568; 2020 = -18.71772877540129; 2021 = -8.672604021116195; 2022 = -6.489060206094435; 2023 = -5.552237984617961; 2024 = -5.405676067380379; 2025 = -5.497479069218043
  - Euro Area: 2012 = -3.7065210685352694; 2019 = -0.6450938290226178; 2020 = -10.110345744423753; 2021 = -4.9900979162149905; 2022 = -2.661332770814276; 2023 = -2.0607450498538413; 2024 = -1.8107185872262308; 2025 = -1.7550048177456927
- Table 1.2. General Government Debt, 2012–25 (Percent of GDP)
  - Gross Debt — World: 2012 = 79.58714491287107; 2019 = 82.99013563813733; 2020 = 98.66254093881948; 2021 = 99.75649014174027; 2022 = 100.29914312611221; 2023 = 100.54722813767457; 2024 = 100.44820693469285; 2025 = 100.07775302420322
  - Gross Debt — Advanced Economies: 2012 = 106.77209206879284; 2019 = 105.26717713331392; 2020 = 125.45632610602809; 2021 = 125.56803681291866; 2022 = 125.64363246424378; 2023 = 125.76094123798052; 2024 = 125.67558210171656; 2025 = 125.49205470822916

### Fiscal response measures (selected figures and country examples)
- Figure 1.1. "Additional spending and forgone revenue" and "Equity, loans, and guarantees" (percent of GDP) — sample country values:
  - Finland (iso FIN): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 2.5606950130084316; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 6.965090435382933
  - Spain (iso ESP): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 3.49144017802199; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 14.167366181685033
  - Korea (iso KOR): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 3.4999982316427487; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 10.310521106448338
  - Belgium (iso BEL): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 3.951203819487577; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 12.057984069815536
  - Czech republic (iso CZE): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 4.369599567066393; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 15.450616949668026
  - The Netherlands (iso NLD): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 4.5915307890024515; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 4.25619427070452
  - Switzerland (iso CHE): Additional spending and forgone revenue = 4.768662349070272; Equity, loans, and guarantees = 6.387894849245082
- Figure 1.3. Selected country or institution shares (percent):
  - South Africa (ZAF) = 11.12333100378858
  - Indonesia (IDN) = 19.85
  - Turkey (TUR) = 23.180483053898378
  - Malaysia (MYS) = 34.27620082375233
  - Croatia (HRV) = 39.12316382929753
  - United Kingdom (GBR) = 49.95567213648103
  - Poland (POL) = 51.271287581184176
  - United States (USA) = 56.78122449250152
  - ECB = 70.55953486430934
- Figure 1.10. Spending and revenue measures (selected lines)
  - Health: 0.6138302084638912 (spending/revenue measure)
  - Households (Households): 0.01511897065181998 (spending/revenue measure); New fiscal package (June 2020) for Households = 0.4535691195545994
  - SMEs budgetary support: 1.632848830396558; New fiscal package (June 2020) = 0.755948532590999

### Social protection, coverage, and measures
- Figure 1.15. Cash and in-kind coverage (region-level, percent or counts):
  - EAP: Cash and in-kind = 21; Cash coverage = 20; In-kind coverage = 1
  - ECA: Cash and in-kind = 6; Cash coverage = 6; In-kind coverage = 0
  - LAC: Cash and in-kind = 35; Cash coverage = 22; In-kind coverage = 13
  - MENA: Cash and in-kind = 14; Cash coverage = 14; In-kind coverage = 0
  - NA: Cash and in-kind = 22; Cash coverage = 22; In-kind coverage = 0
  - SA: Cash and in-kind = 39; Cash coverage = 17; In-kind coverage = 22
- Annex summary metrics (selected)
  - Global social assistance %GDP 2020 = 0.8401950076766551; Social insurance measures %GDP 2020 = 0.04434295737188845; Labor markets measures %GDP 2020 = 0.02887670541988342
  - Advanced Economies: Social assistance = 1.2718900463009897; Social insurance = 0.00045085008772999984; Labor markets = 0.015595061376443895
  - Emerging Markets: Social assistance = 0.4216972431525615; Social insurance = 0.05388518565299996; Labor markets = 0.042242058047815695
  - Low-income Developing countries: Social assistance = 0.4843339091483096; Social insurance = 0.000007444330188067114; Labor markets = 0.006666644218379636

### Scenarios, model outputs, and key analytical findings
- Debt-change decomposition (Figure 1.9., sample groups, percent of GDP):
  - EMMIE non-oil exporters: Change in debt-to-GDP = 10.309432854928849; Primary deficit = 8.908213945617254; Stock-flow adjustment = -1.3592294127138866; Interest-growth rate difference = 1.9441831415882256; Nominal exchange rate = 0.8377160438970236
  - EMMIE oil exporters: Change in debt-to-GDP = 6.7589745524087075; Primary deficit = 8.09977361956004; Stock-flow adjustment = -2.3849156248831647; Interest-growth rate difference = 1.0470640173828651; Nominal exchange rate = 0.6945413401254383
  - AEs: Change in debt-to-GDP = 20.28205688941208; Primary deficit = 13.13115084745404; Stock-flow adjustment = 0.6072913555446438; Interest-growth rate difference = 6.55272331168478; Nominal exchange rate = -0.06343001996281052
- Scenarios on output and debt (selected figures)
  - Figure 1.20. (2021 to 2023): With scarring: Baseline (average debt) = -8.155633131059655; Higher debt = -2.232033131059655; Higher debt and higher interest rate = 1.1809668689403434. Without scarring: Baseline (average debt) = -2.451533131059655; Higher debt = 1.5209668689403433; Higher debt and higher interest rate = 2.8176668689403446
  - Figure 1.19. (Selected years): 2020 = -7.995298693672979 (Additional fiscal stimulus and no scaring and with scaring values identical in dataset row); 2021 = 7.515231978351821 (Additional fiscal stimulus and no scaring), 9.62982083029297 (with scaring), 5.2504212176365 (No policy support)
- Fiscal multipliers and policy mix (select model outputs)
  - Figure 1.21. Short-run and long-run effects (per unit of fiscal instrument):
    - Government purchase: Short-run output = 1.3404938800194686; Long-run output = 1.1356851816146025; Short-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 0.21235997838863674; Long-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 0.15775714283159079
    - Targeted transfers: Short-run output = 1.2759148006709538; Long-run output = 1.111400374277204; Short-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 1.112936278333075; Long-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 1.0650926688438478
    - Untargeted transfers: Short-run output = 0.32648305631770097; Long-run output = 0.24037802568824104; Short-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 0.29573988703984677; Long-run consumption (liquidity constrained) = 0.2566779029871589
    - Targeted labor tax: Short-run output = 1.2048855818271196; Long-run output = 0.8136497771550355; Short-run consumption (LC) = 1.3331532829070476; Long-run consumption (LC) = 1.1535726745615804
    - Untargeted labor tax: Short-run output = 0.2768318897310783; Long-run output = 0.13649360196723992; Short-run consumption (LC) = 0.3289403333642155; Long-run consumption (LC) = 0.2947411380980186

### Coverage, groups, and selected aggregates
- G20 total debt (Figure 1.4. sample): 2002 = 198.6298260074653; 2019 = 239.22846430700838
- Figure 1.13. country-level sample columns include: "Public debt (% of GDP), 2019"; "Fiscal package (% of GDP)"; ATL (% of GDP); BTL+CL (% of GDP); Early stringency of Covid-19 containment (at 100 cases); Nominal GDP per capita, $1000 PPP; Long Term Bond Yield Spread (Bloomberg > WEO). Example rows:
  - United States: Public debt (% of GDP), 2019 = 108.70734; Fiscal package (% of GDP) = 14.220991783865216; ATL (% of GDP) = 11.76992527160727; BTL+CL (% of GDP) = 2.4510665122579454; Early stringency = 11.11; Nominal GDP per capita, $1000 PPP = 65.25351830380595; Long Term Bond Yield Spread = 0
  - United Kingdom: Public debt (% of GDP), 2019 = 85.41249; Fiscal package (% of GDP) = 25.716742692250286; ATL = 9.151416283965688; BTL+CL = 16.565326408284598; Early stringency = 11.11; Nominal GDP per capita, $1000 PPP = 48.7274072155314; Long Term Bond Yield Spread = 1.0887234042553187
  - Italy: Public debt (% of GDP), 2019 = 134.77057; Fiscal package (% of GDP) = 37.93071118848503; ATL = 4.948156371918145; BTL+CL = 32.98255481656688; Early stringency = 69.91; Nominal GDP per capita, $1000 PPP = 44.1607671584202; Long Term Bond Yield Spread = 2.2644583333333332

### Notable data quality flags and placeholders
- Some cells contain error or placeholder entries such as "...", "…", or {"error":"#N/A"} in the dataset (sample: San Marino entries in Figure 1.13.; many annex tables contain "..." placeholders).
- Several worksheets contain long historical series (e.g., Figure 1.2. with yearly series from 1880 to 2021) and model results with many years and scenario branches; users should consult the full worksheet for complete series and metadata.

*Source: fiscalmonitordatabase-october2020 (IMF Fiscal Monitor database, October 2020).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2020/october/data/fiscalmonitordatabase-october2020.xlsx_