## Preface

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### Projections and scope
- The projections included in this issue of the Fiscal Monitor are drawn from the same database used for the October 2023 World Economic Outlook and Global Financial Stability Report (and are referred to as “IMF staff projections”).
- Fiscal projections refer to the general government, unless otherwise indicated.
- Short-term projections are based on officially announced budgets, adjusted for differences between the national authorities and the IMF staff regarding macroeconomic assumptions.
- The fiscal projections incorporate policy measures that are judged by the IMF staff as likely to be implemented.
- For countries supported by an IMF arrangement, the projections are those under the arrangement.
- In cases in which the IMF staff has insufficient information to assess the authorities’ budget intentions and prospects for policy implementation, an unchanged cyclically adjusted primary balance is assumed, unless indicated otherwise.
- Details on the composition of the groups, as well as country-specific assumptions, can be found in the Methodological and Statistical Appendix of the October 2023 Fiscal Monitor.

### Preparation and leadership
- The Fiscal Monitor is prepared by the IMF Fiscal Affairs Department under the general guidance of Vitor Gaspar, Director of the Department.
- The project was directed by Ruud de Mooij, Deputy Director, and Era Dabla-Norris, Assistant Director.

### Chapter 1 principal authors and contributors
- The main authors of Chapter 1 in this issue are W. Raphael Lam (team lead) and Christine Richmond (team lead), David Amaglobeli, Simon Black, Yongquan Cao, Ximing Dong, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Christophe Hemous, Samir Jahan, Pedro Juarros, Salma Khalid, Koralai Kirabaeva, Antung Anthony Liu, Emanuele Massetti, Diego Mesa Puyo, Danielle Minnett, Anh Nguyen, Sandeep Saxena, Sunalika Singh, Alexandra Solovyeva, Nate Vernon, Chenlu Zhang, and Karlygash Zhunussova, with contributions from Fotios Kalantzis (European Investment Bank), Brent Meyer (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), Xuguang Simon Sheng (American University), Pawel Smietanka (Deutsche Bundesbank), Sonya Waddell (Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond), Daniel Weitz (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), and Marcin Wolski (European Investment Bank).

### Methodological, editorial, and production support
- The Methodological and Statistical Appendix was prepared by Zhonghao Wei under the guidance of Xuehui Han.
- Jiae Yoo provided excellent communications support.
- Meron Haile and Andre Vasquez provided excellent coordination and editorial support.
- Wala’a El Barasse from the Communications Department led the editorial team and managed the report’s production, with editorial and production support from Michael Harrup, Katy Whipple, Linda Long, and Absolute Service, Inc.
- Fabio Bolzan, Thanayi Jwahir, Jinsol Kim, and Felipe Leon from the Corporate Services and Facilities Department provided excellent support to the infographics.

### Inputs and peer comments
- Inputs, comments, and suggestions were received from other departments in the IMF, including area departments—namely, the African Department, Asia and Pacific Department, European Department, Middle East and Central Asia Department, and Western Hemisphere Department—as well as the Communications Department, Institute for Capacity Development, Legal Department, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, Research Department, Secretary’s Department, Statistics Department, and Strategy, Policy, and Review Department.
- Chapter 1 of the Fiscal Monitor also benefited from comments by Joe Aldy (Harvard University), Scott Barrett (Columbia University), Dora Benedek (IMF), Stefano Carattini (Georgia State University), Kelly Clark (University of California, Los Angeles), Carolyn Fischer (World Bank), Stephie Fried (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), Larry Goulder (Stanford University), Stephane Hallegatte (World Bank), Felix Kubler (University of Zurich), Neil Mehrotra (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis), Debora Revoltella (European Investment Bank), James Roaf (IMF), Thomas Sterner (University of Gothenburg), David Victor (University of California, San Diego), and participants of the IMF workshop on “Designing Fiscal Policies on the Road to Net Zero” in July 2023.

### Attribution
- Both projections and policy considerations are those of the IMF staff and should not be attributed to Executive Directors or to their national authorities.

*International Monetary Fund | October 2023 vii*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2023/october/english/preface.pdf_