## Dataset overview — ch1database

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Dataset overview — ch1database](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2025/october/data/ch1database.xlsx)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2025/october/data/ch1database.xlsx.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2025/october/data/ch1database.xlsx.json)

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### Dataset contents
- Workbook contains multiple worksheets including: "Table of Contents", "FM Database Oct. 2025", "Figure 1.1.1", "Figure 1.1.2", "Figure 1.1.3", "Figure 1.1.4", "Figure 1.1.5", "Figure 1.1.6", "Figure 1.2", "Figure 1.3.1", "Figure 1.3.2", "Figure 1.3.3", "Figure 1.3.4", "Figure 1.4.1", "Figure 1.4.2", "Figure 1.4.3", "Figure 1.4.4", "Figure 1.5.1-4", "Figure 1.5.5", "Figure 1.5.6", "Figure 1.6", "Box 1.1", "Bow 1.2".
- Time series and cross-section data for fiscal and sectoral measures span historical years up to "2023" (columns in Figure 1.1.1 include years through 2023).
- Regional groupings used include "AE" (Advanced economies), "EM" (Emerging markets), and "LIDC" / "Low-income developing countries".

### Fiscal spending levels (Figure 1.1.1 sample series: Expenditure: PFMH, constant PPP)
- Advanced economies ("AE") series sample values by year include: 22.919686, 24.342112, 24.807945, 25.154779, 24.55541, 24.678643, 25.247355, 26.359944, 27.896454, 27.807804, 30.368458, 31.329376, 31.930619, 31.501869, 33.023676, 35.823846, 35.480476, 35.278616, 37.045011, 36.796237, 38.361842, 39.336697, 40.683615, 40.770185, 40.034273, 40.065253, 39.684709, 39.247811, 38.409159, 38.193439, 38.997616, 39.897868, 41.122482, 42.080406, 40.958566, 42.154983, 40.786961, 39.586816, 39.798192, 38.874272, 37.852891, 38.748565, 39.182554, 39.546811, 38.986001, 38.914959, 38.517866, 38.541906, 40.285379, 44.090431, 43.111304, 41.835184, 41.422784, 40.678462, 40.143566, 39.647153, 39.47128, 39.126717, 39.08995, 39.465758, 47.011348, 44.863695, 41.453313, 41.122618.
- Emerging markets ("EM") series sample values by year include: 12.592623, 13.767665, 15.13136, 15.687371, 16.018091, 15.430897, 16.086343, 16.215144, 16.134225, 15.203559, 15.325553, 15.556912, 16.173433, 15.896317, 16.656962, 18.013809, 18.288519, 18.797266, 19.328688, 18.852497, 17.883109, 18.788682, 19.933601, 19.320416, 18.775882, 20.349515, 20.730307, 22.174813, 21.625717, 20.836507, 20.641936, 21.807741, 21.596685, 21.144369, 20.528565, 21.254146, 23.310333, 23.984796, 25.895307, 25.43788, 25.185431, 26.8358, 27.578114, 26.844029, 25.778411, 25.754573, 26.011285, 26.134, 28.073262, 30.047856, 28.957213, 29.194818, 29.689316, 29.7405, 29.892889, 30.984854, 30.907455, 30.382966, 30.589404, 31.021008, 33.710155, 31.174172, 31.309779, 31.81085.
- Low-income developing countries ("LIDC") sample values include (where available): 12.5015, 12.111027, 13.5065, 11.497365, 9.6938672, 10.891643, 11.410882, 11.249736, 12.666073, 12.852633, 12.45457, 10.482962, 11.266434, 14.11506, 13.724887, 15.271757, 13.397301, 13.452888, 16.641972, 17.43231, 18.750022, 17.964951, 16.954232, 16.649555, 16.148303, 17.054918, 16.554875, 16.5133, 17.809579, 17.798425, 19.577842, 19.779333, 16.406805, 15.038994, 13.522247, 15.025478, 15.93751, 16.641507, 17.699579, 19.025631, 17.329244, 18.740017, 17.463827, 17.77791, 16.767633, 18.377528, 17.777027, 18.566614, 18.630273, 18.258144, 18.674443, 19.013118, 18.442226, 17.805162, 17.108163, 17.130505, 17.520002, 17.617914, 18.413217, 18.099798, 18.523005, 17.938382.

### Distributional summaries (Figure 1.1.2, Figure 1.1.3 samples)
- Figure 1.1.2 (Mean, p25, p75, p10, p90, Avg - p10, p90 - Avg, min, max, Avg - min, max - Avg)
  - Advanced economies, 1995–2009: Mean = 12.615934278787877; p25 = 8.1124878; p75 = 13.045041; p10 = 5.8013247; p90 = 24.706831600000005; Avg - p10 = 6.814609578787877; p90 - Avg = 12.090897321212127; min = 4.1665158; max = 38.427904; Avg - min = 8.449418478787877; max - Avg = 25.811969721212122.
  - Advanced economies, 2010–2022: Mean = 11.062424848484845; p25 = 7.0184114; p75 = 13.234388; p10 = 5.51476696; p90 = 21.418651800000006; Avg - p10 = 5.547657888484845; p90 - Avg = 10.356226951515161; min = 4.6622537; max = 34.09633; Avg - min = 6.400171148484845; max - Avg = 23.033905151515157.
  - Emerging markets excluding China, 1995–2009: Mean = 21.88625569459459; p25 = 14.3218735; p75 = 28.5489565; p10 = 10.7008043; p90 = 34.6204108; Avg - p10 = 11.185451394594589; p90 - Avg = 12.734155105405414; min = -11.230773; max = 80.929764; Avg - min = 33.11702869459459; max - Avg = 59.04350830540542.
  - Emerging markets excluding China, 2010–2022: Mean = 19.802930644303803; p25 = 12.9464295; p75 = 25.0535085; p10 = 8.92872956; p90 = 30.381790000000006; Avg - p10 = 10.874201084303802; p90 - Avg = 10.578859355696203; min = 3.400964; max = 66.31422; Avg - min = 16.401966644303805; max - Avg = 46.511289355696206.
  - Low-income developing countries, 1995–2009: Mean = 31.97664794318183; p25 = 22.4494225; p75 = 40.1635575; p10 = 17.6316762; p90 = 49.2163157; Avg - p10 = 14.34497174318183; p90 - Avg = 17.23966775681817; min = 9.5371905; max = 61.069173; Avg - min = 22.43945744318183; max - Avg = 29.092525056818168.
  - Low-income developing countries, 2010–2022: Mean = 31.619987414893608; p25 = 23.0708505; p75 = 38.7975275; p10 = 19.6255492; p90 = 44.536761399999996; Avg - p10 = 11.99443821489361; p90 - Avg = 12.916773985106389; min = 5.7286725; max = 72.261685; Avg - min = 25.891314914893606; max - Avg = 40.64169758510639.
- Figure 1.1.3 (spending shares by function, sample values)
  - Advanced economies, 1995–2009: Defense = 9.988719946666667; Education = 12.712111600000002; Health = 15.223866600000001; R&D = 0.3830674293333333; Social protection = 33.17507559999999; General public services = 15.990038266666668; Other = 12.527120557333333.
  - Advanced economies, 2010–2022: Defense = 9.785681861538462; Education = 12.684095692307693; Health = 19.38147946153846; R&D = 0.426512886923077; Social protection = 32.72587738461538; General public services = 13.48928976923077; Other = 11.507062943846165.
  - Emerging markets excluding China, 1995–2009: Defense = 12.508390606666666; Education = 12.842950733333332; Health = 9.052858800000001; R&D = 0.24139337466666666; Social protection = 32.4430328; General public services = 20.979303666666667; Other = 11.932070018666664.
  - Emerging markets, 2010–2022: Defense = 11.456159846153847; Education = 13.359352923076925; Health = 10.653602276923078; R&D = 0.32812058384615383; Social protection = 25.411818; General public services = 23.884299538461537; Other = 14.906646831538467.
  - Low-income developing countries, 2010–2022: Defense = 40.14490907692307; Education = 18.214121692307693; Health = 8.225813823076923; R&D = 0.5467973922222221; Social protection = 18.102001307692305; General public services = 13.10696246153846; Other = 1.65939424623933.

### Public wage and premium distributions (Figure 1.1.4, Figure 1.1.5 samples)
- Public wage bill to exp (Advanced economies): 10pct = 19.7156432; 90pct = 30.1756442; 90-10pct = 10.460001000000002; Median = 24.210747; Average = 24.915439134228173; 25pct = 22.258176; 75pct = 26.9159945.
- Public wage premium (Advanced economies): 10pct = -6.868751679999998; 90pct = 15.80519160000001; 90-10pct = 22.673943280000007; Median = 5.0609257; Average = 5.186112303333333; 25pct = 0; 75pct = 12.83305725.

### Efficiency gaps and sectoral "eff_gap" (Figure 1.2 sample)
- Infrastructure ("INF") eff_gap:
  - Advanced: count = 33; min = 0.274; q1 = 0.347; median = 0.371; q3 = 0.383; max = 0.437.
  - Emerging: count = 83; min = 0.216; q1 = 0.3545; median = 0.414; q3 = 0.4615; max = 0.596.
  - Low-Income: count = 49; min = 0.361; q1 = 0.464; median = 0.51; q3 = 0.565; max = 0.652.
- Health ("HLT") eff_gap:
  - Advanced: count = 32; min = 0.196; q1 = 0.242; median = 0.263; q3 = 0.2682; max = 0.298.
  - Emerging: count = 89; min = 0.149; q1 = 0.248; median = 0.28; q3 = 0.304; max = 0.422.
  - Low-Income: count = 53; min = 0.192; q1 = 0.28; median = 0.315; q3 = 0.349; max = 0.431.
- Education ("EDU") eff_gap:
  - Advanced: count = 33; min = 0.168; q1 = 0.257; median = 0.271; q3 = 0.301; max = 0.349.
  - Emerging: count = 88; min = 0.147; q1 = 0.2815; median = 0.3135; q3 = 0.3478; max = 0.523.

### Regression estimates and statistics (Box 1.1 sample rows)
- Box 1.1: comp_progr_r on ctr_crisis (horizons 0–5):
  - horizon = 0: coef = 0.0708822619229727; se = 0.331700802079527; N = 576; N_g = 39; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 7233.18788451074; r2_w = 0.0739881966814323; lag = 2; low = -0.47471700544024903; high = 0.6164815292861945.
  - horizon = 1: coef = -0.515857024765081; se = 0.361130603484539; N = 575; N_g = 39; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 14097.8299796518; r2_w = 0.0787220599233616; lag = 2; low = -1.109864007709798; high = 0.07814995817963621.
  - horizon = 2: coef = -0.741669630485224; se = 0.406510975697932; N = 573; N_g = 39; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 4250.67417231818; r2_w = 0.0691519266981464; lag = 2; low = -1.4103206832575483; high = -0.07301857771289977.
  - horizon = 3: coef = -0.754450246694879; se = 0.414024229616515; N = 569; N_g = 39; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 4529.62736734589; r2_w = 0.0973059832440892; lag = 2; low = -1.435459502425392; high = -0.07344099096436607.
  - horizon = 4: coef = -0.997118045877333; se = 0.573189141670109; N = 564; N_g = 39; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 17016.6375004483; r2_w = 0.114028775170305; lag = 2; low = -1.9399302844826118; high = -0.05430580727205414.
  - horizon = 5: coef = -0.820082107718588; se = 0.467425907387852; N = 550; N_g = 38; df_m = 20; df_r = 16; F = 6034.01011350361; r2_w = 0.14198994791112; lag = 2; low = -1.5889293068165782; high = -0.05123490862059776.
- Box 1.1: edu_eff_schg on ctr_crisis (horizons 0–2):
  - horizon = 0: coef = 0.0920709962496919; se = 0.0851215684272631; N = 638; N_g = 39; df_m = 21; df_r = 17; F = 386.736609056362; r2_w = 0.161737694028231; lag = 2; low = -0.04794152430968954; high = 0.23208351680907333.
  - horizon = 1: coef = 0.207992682022902; se = 0.117961590617459; N = 638; N_g = 39; df_m = 21; df_r = 17; F = 851.995370397504; r2_w = 0.266645762101784; lag = 2; low = 0.013963131854810074; high = 0.4020222321909939.
  - horizon = 2: coef = 0.290041959120238; se = 0.0869158729728948; N = 638; N_g = 39; df_m = 21; df_r = 17; F = 1076.88020374652; r2_w = 0.351188847953717; lag = 2; low = 0.14707807022111874; high = 0.43300584801935726.

### Country-level OLS outputs and correlations (Figure 1.4.1, Figure 1.4.2 samples)
- Figure 1.4.1 sample rows (OLS_summary variable = "cci"):
  - Australia: cci coef = -0.0348501288053897; const = 0.375676958663098; var_coef = 0.0000202937778808817; var_const = 0.0000263853640318887; var_cross = -0.00000707239322445092.
  - Austria: (shared G3 result) sample upper = 0.4438384189431769; lower = 0.41206588479918826; I3-J3 = 0.03177253414398862.
  - Belgium: (shared formulas) CORREL(B2:B163,C2:C163) = -0.45686284983094666.
- Figure 1.4.2 sample rows (OLS_summary variable = "pima_allo_eff"):
  - Croatia: pima_allo_eff coef = -0.0968949497655411; const = 0.546728223126825; var_coef = 0.000818353804032781; var_const = 0.00243582453020154; var_cross = -0.0013933050888145.
  - Greece: CORREL(B2:B163,C2:C163) = -0.33407961651259205.
  - Figure 1.4.2 also contains a CORREL result: CORREL(B2:B163,C2:C163) = -0.33407961651259205 (present in sample rows).

### Fiscal multipliers and IRFs (Figure 1.5 and Figure 1.6 samples)
- Figure 1.5.1-4 sample IRF entries:
  - Average IRF, first block: at horizon 0 = 1.7556895 with 90% CI = 0.7431181562000001; at horizon 5 = 7.8343786 with 90% CI = 2.6719093450000004; at horizon 10 = 4.3938234 with 90% CI = 1.33722045065.
  - Average IRF, later block (education): horizon 0 = 0.32820967 with 90% CI = 0.5799039869; horizon 5 = 0.088958652 with 90% CI = 2.1531455995; horizon 10 = 0.12899964 with 90% CI = 2.523207267.
- Figure 1.5.5 (variable-level coefficients, samples):
  - Investment (K): lrkna / pubinv coef = 4.0389348; 90% CI = 1.8927202210000003.
  - Investment (L): lemp / pubinv coef = 0.78965584; 90% CI = 1.55841294105.
  - Investment (TFP): lrtfpna / pubinv coef = 2.5680769; 90% CI = 2.3157206205.
  - Health (K): lrkna / health coef = 3.0732417; 90% CI = 3.386162752.
  - Education (K): lrkna / education coef = -0.57730633; 90% CI = 2.858748774.
- Figure 1.5.6 (quantile coefficients and 90% CI samples):
  - pubinv, Low (25): Coef = -1.1014924000000001; 90% CI = 6.8058468205.
  - pubinv, High (75): Coef = 7.293364400000001; 90% CI = 4.75386576.
  - health, Low (25): Coef = -24.084965999999998; 90% CI = 25.06852019.
  - health, High (75): Coef = 2.1740356; 90% CI = 2.8869613465.
  - education, Low (25): Coef = -3.3949348999999995; 90% CI = 12.1514009855.
  - education, High (75): Coef = 0.5821384; 90% CI = 3.4980824654999996.
  - research, Low (25): Coef = -2.2249950000000003; 90% CI = 3.7712628450000003.
  - research, High (75): Coef = 0.77952654; 90% CI = 2.0185405135.
- Figure 1.6 (long-horizon aggregate impacts, sample horizons and values):
  - Infrastructure investment, 2026 ("1Q4"): -0.063 (sample cell) and alternative row shows -0.091 and -0.063 / 0.177 in neighboring cells.
  - Infrastructure investment, 2030 ("5Q4"): 0.489 and sample cell 0.546 / 0.219; Figure 1.6 also shows long-run entries: 2040 ("15Q4") = 1.277 / 1.407 / 2.424 / 2.239; 2050 ("25Q4") = 3.666 / 5.698 (sample cells).
  - Human capital investment, 2026 ("1Q4"): sample value 0.177; 2030 ("5Q4"): sample value -0.253 / -0.028; long-run 2040 ("15Q4") = 1.407; 2050 ("25Q4") = 5.698 (sample entries reflect multiple series and horizons).

### Sample statistics on spending rigidity (Figure 1.4.4)
- Spending rigidity: Sample mean (Bottom quartile) = 0.1841572; Sample mean (Top quartile) = 0.3830188.
- Probability entries: 50 and 26 (labeled "Probabilaity" in worksheet).

### Additional metadata and computed cells
- Several worksheets include computed formulas and derived statistics (e.g., cell formulas producing "result" values such as I2 = G2+1.645*H2 and CORREL formulas). Sample CORREL results include -0.45686284983094666 and -0.33407961651259205.
- Critical value (z) for 90% CI shown as 1.64485362695147 (Box 1.1 worksheet).

*Dataset: ch1database (Fiscal Monitor Oct. 2025 — worksheet extracts and sample rows provided in workbook).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2025/october/data/ch1database.xlsx_