## Figure 1.13. Frontier Markets: Bond Issuance and Redemptions

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Figure 1.13. Frontier Markets: Bond Issuance and Redemptions](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch1/pdf/figure1-13.pdf)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch1/pdf/figure1-13.pdf.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch1/pdf/figure1-13.pdf.json)

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### Issuance trends
- "Frontier market debt issuance slowed down in 2018:Q3 after reaching record highs in early 2018."
- Panel title: "1. International Bond Issuance by Frontier Market Sovereign and Corporate Issuers (Billions of U.S. dollars and basis points)"
- X-axis time labels (monthly): "Oct. 2017", "Nov. 17", "Dec. 17", "Jan. 18", "Feb. 18", "Mar. 18", "Apr. 18", "May 18", "Jun. 18", "Jul. 18", "Aug. 18"
- Y-axis (left, dollar scale) tick labels: "0", "2", "4", "6", "8", "10", "12" (Billions of U.S. dollars)

### Spreads shown
- Legend items: "Frontier market spread (right scale)", "EM spread (right scale)"
- Y-axis (right, basis points) tick labels: "280", "330", "380", "430", "480", "530" (Basis points)

### Redemption profiles and rollover needs
- "Rollover needs will rise after 2021, with some countries facing more challenging redemption profiles."
- Panel title: "2. Upcoming International Bond Redemptions of Frontier Market Sovereign Issuers (Billions of U.S. dollars)"
- X-axis year labels: "20192021222324"
- Y-axis (left, dollar scale) tick labels: "0", "2", "4", "6", "8", "10", "12", "14", "16", "18" (Billions of U.S. dollars)

### Sources and notes
- "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Bond Radar; and IMF staff estimates."
- "Note: Frontier markets are all countries included in JPMorgan Next Generation Emerging Market Index. EM = emerging market."

*Figure 1.13 (source PDF: figure1-13).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch1/pdf/figure1-13.pdf_