## Bank exposures to shadow banks

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Bank exposures to shadow banks](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch2/pdf/figure2-9.pdf)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch2/pdf/figure2-9.pdf.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch2/pdf/figure2-9.pdf.json)

---

### 1. Shadow Banking in S29 Countries (Percent of GDP)
- Time series shown from 2002 through 2016.
- Shadow banking is computed from the Financial Stability Board Shadow Banking Monitor 2017 for a group of 29 countries (S29).
- Caption note: "As assets of conventional banks stagnate, nonbank institutions gain ground ..."

### 2. Country-Level Exposure of Banks to and Use of Funds from Shadow Banks (Percent of GDP, 2016; 2017:Q2)
- Distribution of the banking system’s exposures to and use of funds from shadow banks across the S29 countries is presented.
- Countries listed (in chart order): Norway, Australia, Italy, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark, Japan, Germany, Canada, Austria, Slovenia, Portugal, Belgium, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Korea, United Kingdom, Greece, Ireland, New Zealand, United States, Average.
- Caption note: "... and banks’ interconnections with these institutions can be large in some countries."

### 3. Domestic Bank Holdings of General Government Debt Securities (Percent of total)
- Bank holdings of general government debt are based on updated statistics from Arslanalp and Tsuda (2014).
- Time series axis shown from 2004 through 2017.

### 4. CCPs and Other Counterparties in Derivatives Clearing (Share of different counterparties, percent)
- Counterparty categories shown: Central counterparties (CCPs); Banks and securities firms; Hedge funds; Other residual financial institutions; Insurance and special purpose vehicles.
- Caption note: "The systemic importance of central counterparties is growing rapidly ..."

### 5. Global Fintech Investment Backed by Venture Capital (Billions of U.S. dollars; number of deals)
- Data source: CB Insights’ Global Fintech Report of 2018:Q1.
- Note: "2018 full-year data are extrapolated from 2018:Q1."
- Caption note: "... and financial technology (fintech) is rapidly making inroads."

### 6. Cyber Risks: Vulnerability Severity by Industry and Sector (United States, 2017)
- Sectors shown include: Education; Utilities; Financial services; Health; Manufacturing; Consumer products; TMT (technology, media, and telecom).
- Cyber risk vulnerability severity is from Protiviti’s 2018 Security Threat Report.
- Caption note: "Cyber risk can be sizable, and not all economic sectors are equally vulnerable."

- Additional figure annotations:
  - Time references explicitly shown: 2007:Q4 and 2017:Q2.
  - Chart scales and axis markers visible in the figure: examples include 0, 60, 15, 30, 45; 0, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40; 0, 250, 50, 100, 150, 200; 0, 6, 2, 4, 0, 24, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000; 2013 14 15 16 17 18e 3,000 0 1,000 2,000.
  - Panel label: "Figure 2.9. New Sources of Risk and Vulnerabilities."
  - OFI = other financial institutions; TMT = technology, media, and telecom.

*Sources: Bank for International Settlements; Bloomberg Finance L.P.; CB Insights; Financial Stability Board; Protiviti; and IMF staff calculations.*

---


_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/gfsr/2018/oct/ch2/pdf/figure2-9.pdf_