## statapp ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [statapp](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2019/october/english/statapp.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2019/october/english/statapp.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2019/october/english/statapp.pdf.json) --- ### Data and Projections - Data and projections presented in this Regional Economic Outlook are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2019, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2019 World Economic Outlook. - The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department. - Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries. - Additional tables for historical and forecasts for key macroeconomic variables are posted online in the Background Paper and Expanded Statistical Appendix document. ### Country Groupings and Criteria - Countries are aggregated into three non-overlapping groups: - Oil exporters: net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports. - Other resource-intensive countries: nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports. - Non-resource-intensive countries: not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries. - Countries are also aggregated into four overlapping groups: oil exporters, middle-income, low-income, and countries in fragile situations. - Income and fragility membership criteria: - Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2016–18 of more than US$1,025.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method). - Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2016–18 equal to or lower than US$1,025.00 (World Bank, Atlas method). - Countries in fragile situations: average CPIA scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peace-keeping or peace-building mission within the last three years. - Membership of sub-Saharan African countries in major regional cooperation bodies (CFA franc zone/WAEMU/CEMAC, COMESA, EAC-5, ECOWAS, SADC, SACU) is reported in the section; EAC-5 aggregates include data for Rwanda and Burundi, which joined the group only in 2007. ### Methods of Aggregation - In Tables SA1 and SA3: - Country group composites for real GDP growth and broad money are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. - The source of purchasing power parity weights is the World Economic Outlook (WEO) database. - In Table SA1: - Country group composites for consumer prices are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. - The source of purchasing power parity weights is the WEO database. - In Tables SA2–SA4: - Country group composites, except for broad money, are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in US dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP. ### Statistical Tables, Notes, and Footnotes - List of Appendix Tables SA1—SA4: - SA1. Real GDP Growth and Consumer Prices, Average - SA2. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants and Government Debt - SA3. Broad Money and External Current Account, Including Grants - SA4. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based and Reserves - Sources and footnotes summary: - Sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database, and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2019. - Footnotes include: fiscal year data designation; note on Zimbabwe—In February, 2019, Zimbabwe adopted a new local currency unit, the RTGS dollar, which has become the official unit of account. Efforts are underway to revise and update all national accounts series to the new RTGS dollar. Current data are based on IMF staff estimates of price and exchange rate developments in US (and RTGS) dollars. Staff estimates of US dollar values may differ from authorities’ estimate. - Note: “...” denotes data not available. ### Overall fiscal balance, including grants and government debt (percent of GDP) — Sub‑Saharan Africa aggregates and groups - Sub-Saharan Africa government debt: - 2010–15: 35.7 - 2016: 37.4 - 2017: 36.6 - 2018: 36.6 - 2019: 36.9 - 2020: 36.9 - Sub-Saharan Africa overall fiscal balance (including grants): - 2010–15: –2.5 - 2016: –3.9 - 2017: –2.3 - 2018: –2.7 - 2019: –3.6 - 2020: –3.8 - Median (countries): - Government debt: - 2010–15: 25.7 - 2016: 27.8 - 2017: 28.5 - 2018: 27.9 - 2019: 28.1 - 2020: 29.3 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –7.0 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –5.0 - 2018: –4.9 - 2019: –5.5 - 2020: –4.9 - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 28.6 - 2016: 30.6 - 2017: 29.6 - 2018: 29.6 - 2019: 30.0 - 2020: 29.8 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.4 - 2016: –6.8 - 2017: –4.6 - 2018: –4.1 - 2019: –5.6 - 2020: –5.8 - Oil-exporting countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 22.5 - 2016: 27.0 - 2017: 25.2 - 2018: 25.3 - 2019: 26.3 - 2020: 27.0 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: 1.8 - 2016: –2.0 - 2017: 1.1 - 2018: 1.5 - 2019: –0.3 - 2020: –0.5 - Oil-importing countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 45.2 - 2016: 44.5 - 2017: 44.1 - 2018: 43.8 - 2019: 43.6 - 2020: 43.1 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –5.8 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –4.4 - 2018: –5.1 - 2019: –5.6 - 2020: –5.8 - Middle-income countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 38.8 - 2016: 40.6 - 2017: 39.6 - 2018: 39.6 - 2019: 40.1 - 2020: 40.2 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –0.9 - 2016: –2.6 - 2017: –1.1 - 2018: –1.2 - 2019: –2.1 - 2020: –2.2 - Low-income countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 24.8 - 2016: 27.0 - 2017: 27.4 - 2018: 27.7 - 2019: 27.6 - 2020: 27.5 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –9.4 - 2016: –8.3 - 2017: –6.6 - 2018: –7.4 - 2019: –8.6 - 2020: –8.7 - Countries in fragile situations: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 23.0 - 2016: 25.8 - 2017: 24.5 - 2018: 23.7 - 2019: 23.6 - 2020: 23.5 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.8 - 2016: –9.1 - 2017: –4.9 - 2018: –5.5 - 2019: –5.1 - 2020: –5.4 - Regional groupings (selected): - CFA franc zone government debt: - 2010–15: 23.1 - 2016: 26.4 - 2017: 25.7 - 2018: 26.0 - 2019: 27.2 - 2020: 27.7 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –3.1 - 2016: –8.4 - 2017: –5.4 - 2018: –4.8 - 2019: –4.8 - 2020: –5.1 - WAEMU government debt: - 2010–15: 25.1 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 28.1 - 2018: 28.7 - 2019: 29.8 - 2020: 29.8 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.6 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –6.1 - 2018: –6.6 - 2019: –6.6 - 2020: –7.0 - EAC-5 government debt: - 2010–15: 29.4 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 27.2 - 2018: 27.3 - 2019: 27.4 - 2020: 27.1 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –8.9 - 2016: –5.1 - 2017: –5.2 - 2018: –5.5 - 2019: –5.9 - 2020: –5.5 ### External current account, including grants, and broad money (percent of GDP) — Sub‑Saharan Africa aggregates and groups - Sub-Saharan Africa external current account (including grants): - 2010–15: 14.3 - 2016: 22.0 - 2017: 24.0 - 2018: 24.0 - 2019: 25.9 - 2020: 25.8 - Sub-Saharan Africa broad money (percent of GDP): - 2010–15: 4.9 - 2016: 5.1 - 2017: 5.0 - 2018: 4.9 - 2019: 4.7 - 2020: 4.6 - Median (countries): - External current account: - 2010–15: 21.4 - 2016: 27.4 - 2017: 28.0 - 2018: 27.7 - 2019: 29.5 - 2020: 30.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 3.5 - 2016: 3.5 - 2017: 3.7 - 2018: 3.2 - 2019: 3.2 - 2020: 3.4 - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: - External current account: - 2010–15: 21.3 - 2016: 29.9 - 2017: 30.1 - 2018: 31.2 - 2019: 33.6 - 2020: 33.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.3 - 2016: 4.2 - 2017: 4.0 - 2018: 3.7 - 2019: 3.6 - 2020: 3.7 - Oil-exporting countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 9.5 - 2016: 17.9 - 2017: 20.6 - 2018: 21.5 - 2019: 23.5 - 2020: 23.0 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 6.0 - 2016: 6.5 - 2017: 6.3 - 2018: 6.5 - 2019: 6.0 - 2020: 5.9 - Excluding Nigeria: - External current account: - 2010–15: 19.4 - 2016: 36.4 - 2017: 34.0 - 2018: 37.2 - 2019: 42.3 - 2020: 44.2 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 6.3 - 2016: 6.7 - 2017: 5.8 - 2018: 5.1 - 2019: 5.2 - 2020: 5.6 - Oil-importing countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 18.1 - 2016: 24.7 - 2017: 26.0 - 2018: 25.5 - 2019: 27.4 - 2020: 27.5 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.1 - 2016: 4.2 - 2017: 4.2 - 2018: 4.0 - 2019: 3.9 - 2020: 3.8 - Middle-income countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 12.4 - 2016: 20.2 - 2017: 22.6 - 2018: 22.7 - 2019: 24.7 - 2020: 24.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.5 - 2016: 5.9 - 2017: 5.7 - 2018: 5.7 - 2019: 5.4 - 2020: 5.3 - Low-income countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 23.0 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 28.9 - 2018: 28.5 - 2019: 29.9 - 2020: 29.3 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 2.7 - 2016: 2.5 - 2017: 2.7 - 2018: 2.4 - 2019: 2.5 - 2020: 2.5 - Countries in fragile situations: - External current account: - 2010–15: 25.6 - 2016: 25.9 - 2017: 26.6 - 2018: 25.8 - 2019: 27.8 - 2020: 27.1 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 2.8 - 2016: 1.3 - 2017: 1.3 - 2018: 1.5 - 2019: 1.8 - 2020: 1.9 - Regional groupings (selected): - CFA franc zone external current account: - 2010–15: 20.4 - 2016: 25.8 - 2017: 29.2 - 2018: 29.8 - 2019: 32.4 - 2020: 32.3 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 3.2 - 2017: 3.4 - 2018: 3.8 - 2019: 4.2 - 2020: 4.3 - WAEMU external current account: - 2010–15: 24.9 - 2016: 26.0 - 2017: 30.3 - 2018: 32.2 - 2019: 34.5 - 2020: 33.8 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 3.9 - 2017: 4.1 - 2018: 4.5 - 2019: 4.8 - 2020: 4.5 - EAC-5 external current account: - 2010–15: 20.7 - 2016: 26.4 - 2017: 27.3 - 2018: 29.3 - 2019: 30.1 - 2020: 30.0 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.2 - 2016: 4.9 - 2017: 4.9 - 2018: 4.7 - 2019: 4.5 - 2020: 4.3 - SACU external current account: - 2010–15: 12.6 - 2016: 18.4 - 2017: 20.7 - 2018: 17.8 - 2019: 19.0 - 2020: 19.2 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 6.0 - 2017: 5.7 - 2018: 5.6 - 2019: 5.4 - 2020: 5.2 ### External debt, official debt, debtor-based and reserves - Table SA4 headings listed: "External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based and Reserves" and "Reserves (Percent of GDP) (Months of imports of goods and services)". - The provided excerpt does not include the numeric values under these headings. *Statistical Appendix — Regional Economic Outlook: Sub‑Saharan Africa (statapp), October 2019.* ### Section 1 ### statapp - Section 1 ### Data and Projections - Data and projections presented in this Regional Economic Outlook are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2019, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2019 World Economic Outlook. - The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department. - Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries. - Additional tables for historical and forecasts for key macroeconomic variables are posted online in the Background Paper and Expanded Statistical Appendix document. ### Country Groupings and Criteria - Countries are aggregated into three non-overlapping groups: - Oil exporters: net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports. - Other resource-intensive countries: nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports. - Non-resource-intensive countries: not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries. - Countries are also aggregated into four overlapping groups: oil exporters, middle-income, low-income, and countries in fragile situations. - Income and fragility membership criteria: - Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2016–18 of more than US$1,025.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method). - Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2016–18 equal to or lower than US$1,025.00 (World Bank, Atlas method). - Countries in fragile situations: average CPIA scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peace-keeping or peace-building mission within the last three years. - Membership of sub-Saharan African countries in major regional cooperation bodies (CFA franc zone/WAEMU/CEMAC, COMESA, EAC-5, ECOWAS, SADC, SACU) is reported in the section; EAC-5 aggregates include data for Rwanda and Burundi, which joined the group only in 2007. ### Methods of Aggregation - In Tables SA1 and SA3: - Country group composites for real GDP growth and broad money are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. - The source of purchasing power parity weights is the World Economic Outlook (WEO) database. - In Table SA1: - Country group composites for consumer prices are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. - The source of purchasing power parity weights is the WEO database. - In Tables SA2–SA4: - Country group composites, except for broad money, are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in US dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP. ### Statistical Tables, Notes, and Footnotes - List of Appendix Tables SA1—SA4: - SA1. Real GDP Growth and Consumer Prices, Average - SA2. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants and Government Debt - SA3. Broad Money and External Current Account, Including Grants - SA4. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based and Reserves - Sources and footnotes summary: - Sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database, and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2019. - Footnotes include: fiscal year data designation; note on Zimbabwe—In February, 2019, Zimbabwe adopted a new local currency unit, the RTGS dollar, which has become the official unit of account. Efforts are underway to revise and update all national accounts series to the new RTGS dollar. Current data are based on IMF staff estimates of price and exchange rate developments in US (and RTGS) dollars. Staff estimates of US dollar values may differ from authorities’ estimate. - Note: “...” denotes data not available. *Source: statapp - Section 1 (statistical appendix), Regional Economic Outlook: Sub‑Saharan Africa, October 2019.* ### Section 2 ### statapp - Section 2 ### Overall fiscal balance, including grants and government debt (percent of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa government debt: - 2010–15: 35.7 - 2016: 37.4 - 2017: 36.6 - 2018: 36.6 - 2019: 36.9 - 2020: 36.9 - Sub-Saharan Africa overall fiscal balance (including grants): - 2010–15: –2.5 - 2016: –3.9 - 2017: –2.3 - 2018: –2.7 - 2019: –3.6 - 2020: –3.8 - Median (countries): - Government debt: - 2010–15: 25.7 - 2016: 27.8 - 2017: 28.5 - 2018: 27.9 - 2019: 28.1 - 2020: 29.3 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –7.0 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –5.0 - 2018: –4.9 - 2019: –5.5 - 2020: –4.9 - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 28.6 - 2016: 30.6 - 2017: 29.6 - 2018: 29.6 - 2019: 30.0 - 2020: 29.8 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.4 - 2016: –6.8 - 2017: –4.6 - 2018: –4.1 - 2019: –5.6 - 2020: –5.8 - Oil-exporting countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 22.5 - 2016: 27.0 - 2017: 25.2 - 2018: 25.3 - 2019: 26.3 - 2020: 27.0 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: 1.8 - 2016: –2.0 - 2017: 1.1 - 2018: 1.5 - 2019: –0.3 - 2020: –0.5 - Oil-importing countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 45.2 - 2016: 44.5 - 2017: 44.1 - 2018: 43.8 - 2019: 43.6 - 2020: 43.1 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –5.8 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –4.4 - 2018: –5.1 - 2019: –5.6 - 2020: –5.8 - Middle-income countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 38.8 - 2016: 40.6 - 2017: 39.6 - 2018: 39.6 - 2019: 40.1 - 2020: 40.2 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –0.9 - 2016: –2.6 - 2017: –1.1 - 2018: –1.2 - 2019: –2.1 - 2020: –2.2 - Low-income countries: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 24.8 - 2016: 27.0 - 2017: 27.4 - 2018: 27.7 - 2019: 27.6 - 2020: 27.5 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –9.4 - 2016: –8.3 - 2017: –6.6 - 2018: –7.4 - 2019: –8.6 - 2020: –8.7 - Countries in fragile situations: - Government debt: - 2010–15: 23.0 - 2016: 25.8 - 2017: 24.5 - 2018: 23.7 - 2019: 23.6 - 2020: 23.5 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.8 - 2016: –9.1 - 2017: –4.9 - 2018: –5.5 - 2019: –5.1 - 2020: –5.4 - Regional groupings (selected): - CFA franc zone government debt: - 2010–15: 23.1 - 2016: 26.4 - 2017: 25.7 - 2018: 26.0 - 2019: 27.2 - 2020: 27.7 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –3.1 - 2016: –8.4 - 2017: –5.4 - 2018: –4.8 - 2019: –4.8 - 2020: –5.1 - WAEMU government debt: - 2010–15: 25.1 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 28.1 - 2018: 28.7 - 2019: 29.8 - 2020: 29.8 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –4.6 - 2016: –5.2 - 2017: –6.1 - 2018: –6.6 - 2019: –6.6 - 2020: –7.0 - EAC-5 government debt: - 2010–15: 29.4 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 27.2 - 2018: 27.3 - 2019: 27.4 - 2020: 27.1 - Overall fiscal balance: - 2010–15: –8.9 - 2016: –5.1 - 2017: –5.2 - 2018: –5.5 - 2019: –5.9 - 2020: –5.5 ### External current account, including grants, and broad money (percent of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa external current account (including grants): - 2010–15: 14.3 - 2016: 22.0 - 2017: 24.0 - 2018: 24.0 - 2019: 25.9 - 2020: 25.8 - Sub-Saharan Africa broad money (percent of GDP): - 2010–15: 4.9 - 2016: 5.1 - 2017: 5.0 - 2018: 4.9 - 2019: 4.7 - 2020: 4.6 - Median (countries): - External current account: - 2010–15: 21.4 - 2016: 27.4 - 2017: 28.0 - 2018: 27.7 - 2019: 29.5 - 2020: 30.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 3.5 - 2016: 3.5 - 2017: 3.7 - 2018: 3.2 - 2019: 3.2 - 2020: 3.4 - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: - External current account: - 2010–15: 21.3 - 2016: 29.9 - 2017: 30.1 - 2018: 31.2 - 2019: 33.6 - 2020: 33.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.3 - 2016: 4.2 - 2017: 4.0 - 2018: 3.7 - 2019: 3.6 - 2020: 3.7 - Oil-exporting countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 9.5 - 2016: 17.9 - 2017: 20.6 - 2018: 21.5 - 2019: 23.5 - 2020: 23.0 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 6.0 - 2016: 6.5 - 2017: 6.3 - 2018: 6.5 - 2019: 6.0 - 2020: 5.9 - Excluding Nigeria: - External current account: - 2010–15: 19.4 - 2016: 36.4 - 2017: 34.0 - 2018: 37.2 - 2019: 42.3 - 2020: 44.2 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 6.3 - 2016: 6.7 - 2017: 5.8 - 2018: 5.1 - 2019: 5.2 - 2020: 5.6 - Oil-importing countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 18.1 - 2016: 24.7 - 2017: 26.0 - 2018: 25.5 - 2019: 27.4 - 2020: 27.5 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.1 - 2016: 4.2 - 2017: 4.2 - 2018: 4.0 - 2019: 3.9 - 2020: 3.8 - Middle-income countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 12.4 - 2016: 20.2 - 2017: 22.6 - 2018: 22.7 - 2019: 24.7 - 2020: 24.7 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.5 - 2016: 5.9 - 2017: 5.7 - 2018: 5.7 - 2019: 5.4 - 2020: 5.3 - Low-income countries: - External current account: - 2010–15: 23.0 - 2016: 28.3 - 2017: 28.9 - 2018: 28.5 - 2019: 29.9 - 2020: 29.3 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 2.7 - 2016: 2.5 - 2017: 2.7 - 2018: 2.4 - 2019: 2.5 - 2020: 2.5 - Countries in fragile situations: - External current account: - 2010–15: 25.6 - 2016: 25.9 - 2017: 26.6 - 2018: 25.8 - 2019: 27.8 - 2020: 27.1 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 2.8 - 2016: 1.3 - 2017: 1.3 - 2018: 1.5 - 2019: 1.8 - 2020: 1.9 - Regional groupings (selected): - CFA franc zone external current account: - 2010–15: 20.4 - 2016: 25.8 - 2017: 29.2 - 2018: 29.8 - 2019: 32.4 - 2020: 32.3 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 3.2 - 2017: 3.4 - 2018: 3.8 - 2019: 4.2 - 2020: 4.3 - WAEMU external current account: - 2010–15: 24.9 - 2016: 26.0 - 2017: 30.3 - 2018: 32.2 - 2019: 34.5 - 2020: 33.8 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 3.9 - 2017: 4.1 - 2018: 4.5 - 2019: 4.8 - 2020: 4.5 - EAC-5 external current account: - 2010–15: 20.7 - 2016: 26.4 - 2017: 27.3 - 2018: 29.3 - 2019: 30.1 - 2020: 30.0 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 4.2 - 2016: 4.9 - 2017: 4.9 - 2018: 4.7 - 2019: 4.5 - 2020: 4.3 - SACU external current account: - 2010–15: 12.6 - 2016: 18.4 - 2017: 20.7 - 2018: 17.8 - 2019: 19.0 - 2020: 19.2 - Broad money: - 2010–15: 5.3 - 2016: 6.0 - 2017: 5.7 - 2018: 5.6 - 2019: 5.4 - 2020: 5.2 ### External debt, official debt, debtor-based and reserves (table headings present) - The document lists Table SA4 headings: "External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based and Reserves" and "Reserves (Percent of GDP) (Months of imports of goods and services)" but the excerpt does not include the numeric values under these headings in the provided content. *Statistical Appendix — Regional Economic Outlook: Sub‑Saharan Africa (tables and aggregates as presented on pages 64–65 of the source PDF).* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2019/october/english/statapp.pdf_