## backgroundpaper

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---

### Scope and Timing
- Unless otherwise noted, data and projections presented are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2020, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2020 World Economic Outlook.
- The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department.
- Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries.

### Country Groupings (definitions and thresholds)
- Countries are aggregated into three nonoverlapping groups:
  - Oil exporters: countries where net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports.
  - Other resource-intensive countries: countries where nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports.
  - Non-resource-intensive countries: countries not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries.
- Overlapping groups: oil exporters, middle-income, low-income, and countries in fragile situations.
- Membership criteria:
  - Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2017–19 of more than $1,035.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method).
  - Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2017–19 equal to or lower than $1,035.00 (World Bank, Atlas method).
  - Countries in fragile situations: average Country Policy and Institutional Assessment scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peacekeeping or peace-building mission within the last three years.

### Regional Group Memberships
- Memberships reported for: CFA franc zone (WAEMU and CEMAC), COMESA, EAC-5, ECOWAS, SADC, and SACU.
- Note: EAC-5 aggregates include Rwanda and Burundi (joined only in 2007).

### Methods of Aggregation (tables and weighting)
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA7, SA13, SA15–SA16, and SA22–SA23: arithmetic averages weighted by GDP at purchasing power parity (WEO database).
- Tables SA8–SA12, SA17–SA21, and SA24–SA26: arithmetic averages weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates.
- Tables SA4–SA5 and SA14: geometric averages weighted by GDP at purchasing power parity (WEO database).
- Tables SA27–SA28: unweighted arithmetic averages.

### Statistical Appendix Contents (tables covered)
- Tables SA1 through SA28 include: Real GDP Growth; Real Non-Oil GDP Growth; Real Per Capita GDP Growth; Consumer Prices (Average and End of Period); Total Investment; Gross National Savings; Fiscal Balances (including and excluding grants); Government Revenue and Expenditure; Government Debt; Broad Money and Broad Money Growth; Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (percent change and percent of GDP); Exports and Imports of Goods and Services; Trade Balance on Goods; External Current Account; Net Foreign Direct Investment; Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates; External Debt; Terms of Trade on Goods; Reserves; Banking Penetration; Banking Sector Loan-to-Deposit Ratio.

### Sources and Selected Notes
- Primary sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database; IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2020; IMF, Information Notice System; IMF, International Financial Statistics.
- Footnotes include:
  - 1/ Fiscal year data where indicated.
  - 2/ Zimbabwe: real-time gross settlement (RTGS) dollar introduced in 2019, later renamed the Zimbabwe dollar; redenomination of national accounts in process; current data are subject to revision; prior to 2009–19 multicurrency regime with the US dollar as unit of account.
  - Note: “...” denotes data not available.
- Table-specific source notes provided for Tables SA4–SA5, SA20, SA22–SA23, SA26–SA28 as indicated.

### Key statistical series — Real GDP Growth (selected aggregates as presented)
- Table SA1 (series presented exactly):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa6.43.87.05.14.85.15.23.21.53.13.33.2–3.03.1
  - Median4.83.26.15.25.15.34.73.63.83.93.83.9–2.23.4
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa6.43.96.46.16.36.05.84.33.54.84.84.6–1.03.7
  - Oil-exporting countries8.36.49.24.64.65.35.82.2–1.70.51.31.7–4.02.1
  - Oil-importing countries5.22.15.55.55.05.04.73.93.54.74.44.0–2.53.6

- Table SA2 — Real Non-Oil GDP Growth (regional aggregates as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 3.91.44.42.62.32.62.70.8–0.80.70.90.8–5.30.8
  - Median 2.80.73.22.93.12.62.60.91.31.32.02.0–4.80.9
  - Oil-exporting countries 5.33.46.31.71.72.42.9–0.6–4.4–2.2–1.4–0.9–6.5–0.5
  - Oil-importing countries 3.10.03.13.22.72.72.51.71.42.52.31.7–4.61.5

- Table SA3 — Real Per Capita GDP Growth (regional aggregates as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 8.99.68.09.39.06.56.36.810.410.78.48.510.67.9
  - Median 7.17.44.35.46.14.94.43.65.24.83.92.84.13.7
  - Oil-exporting countries 11.211.412.010.011.07.57.18.617.317.012.211.112.712.5
  - Oil-importing countries 7.68.55.38.87.75.85.85.66.37.16.27.19.55.4

- Table SA4 — Consumer Prices (Annual average, percent change):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 9.08.97.59.98.06.16.07.911.610.27.89.710.57.3
  - Median 7.44.74.96.85.04.42.64.55.04.34.43.84.54.1
  - Oil-exporting countries 10.112.010.99.510.36.97.19.720.815.111.511.413.311.6
  - Oil-importing countries 8.46.95.410.26.45.55.36.76.37.35.78.79.05.0

### Investment, Savings, and Fiscal Aggregates (selected series)
- Total Investment (Percent of GDP) — selected aggregates and country extremes:
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.1, 23.9, 22.9, 21.2, 22.4, 22.2, 23.0, 23.3, 21.9, 21.2, 22.7, 24.5, 23.2, 23.3
  - Median: 21.1, 22.0, 23.4, 22.9, 24.7, 24.7, 23.5, 24.2, 21.7, 21.6, 20.6, 22.2, 21.7, 22.0
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 24.1, 28.1, 28.0, 24.8, 27.7, 26.9, 28.1, 28.7, 26.4, 25.0, 25.8, 26.0, 25.2, 26.0
  - Oil-exporting countries: 19.7, 25.3, 21.2, 19.2, 19.4, 19.0, 20.2, 20.7, 19.2, 18.3, 20.6, 25.2, 24.7, 23.7
    - Excluding Nigeria: 26.6, 38.9, 30.8, 25.9, 29.5, 28.3, 30.1, 33.5, 28.5, 24.8, 22.4, 22.7, 22.8, 23.1
  - Selected country extremes:
    - Angola: 39.1, 26.3, 34.8, 37.9, 37.2, 32.0, 29.8, 28.5, 24.5, 23.4, 27.5, 25.5, 25.2, 20.2, 21.2
    - Botswana: 40.6, 21.6, 37.5, 40.4, 38.8, 37.1, 42.6, 39.5, 36.3, 33.6, 30.1, 25.6, 29.2, 30.2
    - Ethiopia: 19.6, 15.4, 24.4, 33.1, 31.1, 28.1, 30.7, 31.4, 31.2, 30.2, 32.3, 30.1, 29.4, 29.9

- Gross National Savings (Percent of GDP) — selected aggregates:
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 22.9, 20.9, 21.7, 20.1, 20.1, 19.4, 19.2, 17.7, 18.4, 18.9, 20.5, 20.5, 18.2, 19.0
  - Median: 16.0, 15.8, 17.9, 15.7, 16.8, 16.4, 17.9, 16.6, 17.2, 17.4, 18.1, 18.1, 14.1, 15.3
  - Oil-exporting countries: 31.6, 25.2, 25.2, 24.3, 23.4, 23.8, 22.4, 20.3, 16.1, 17.8, 19.5, 21.9, 22.9, 21.5
    - Excluding Nigeria: 33.9, 27.9, 32.7, 32.7, 33.9, 35.3, 31.1, 30.3, 25.2, 22.1, 22.3, 24.4, 21.4, 20.4
  - Low-income countries: 15.5, 14.6, 18.4, 18.1, 17.3, 17.9, 19.2, 18.1, 19.6, 20.0, 21.1, 21.3, 19.9, 20.8

- Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (2004–21 series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 1.6, –4.4, –3.4, –1.2, –1.7, –3.0, –3.5, –4.1, –4.3, –4.5, –3.5, –4.2, –7.6, –5.9
  - Median: –0.5, –3.2, –3.0, –2.2, –2.3, –3.1, –3.4, –4.4, –4.3, –3.0, –3.0, –2.5, –6.0, –4.5
  - Oil-exporting countries: 5.4, –5.0, –2.2, 2.2, 0.8, –2.1, –3.1, –3.9, –4.6, –5.3, –2.4, –3.3, –5.9, –4.0
    - Excluding Nigeria: 6.6, –4.3, 2.3, 5.5, 1.7, –1.7, –5.3, –5.7, –5.9, –5.0, 1.3, 0.4, –3.3, –1.4
  - Oil-importing countries: –0.5, –4.0, –4.3, –3.6, –3.6, –3.8, –3.9, –4.3, –4.2, –4.0, –4.1, –4.8, –8.6, –7.0

- Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (2004–21 series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 0.4, –5.4, –4.2, –1.8, –2.3, –3.7, –4.2, –4.8, –4.9, –5.0, –4.0, –4.7, –8.3, –6.6
  - Median: –3.3, –5.5, –5.1, –4.4, –4.4, –5.0, –6.0, –6.1, –6.2, –5.1, –4.3, –5.0, –9.6, –7.3
  - Oil-exporting countries: 4.9, –5.1, –2.2, 2.1, 0.6, –2.3, –3.3, –4.1, –4.7, –5.4, –2.5, –3.3, –6.0, –4.1
    - Excluding Nigeria: 5.3, –4.6, 2.1, 5.1, 1.2, –2.3, –5.9, –6.3, –6.1, –5.3, 1.0, 0.1, –3.8, –1.8
  - Oil-importing countries: –2.2, –5.6, –5.5, –4.7, –4.6, –4.8, –5.0, –5.3, –5.0, –4.8, –4.8, –5.6, –9.7, –8.0

### Government Finance, Debt, and Money (selected tables)
- Table SA10 — Government Revenue, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 22.3 18.4 19.8 22.1 21.0 19.3 18.5 16.8 16.0 16.7 17.5 16.8 14.5 15.3
  - Median: 15.1 14.1 15.4 17.1 16.4 16.2 16.0 16.4 16.7 16.4 15.8 17.5 15.5 16.0
  - Oil-exporting countries: 24.4 16.5 18.9 23.9 21.1 17.8 16.2 12.0 9.4 10.4 12.5 11.2 8.6 9.9
  - Oil-importing countries: 21.0 19.7 20.5 20.8 20.9 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.3 20.4 20.3 20.1 18.0 18.6

- Table SA11 — Government Expenditure (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.8 23.8 24.0 23.9 23.3 23.0 22.7 21.5 20.8 21.7 21.5 21.6 22.8 21.9
  - Median: 20.2 21.9 21.6 22.4 22.8 23.8 23.8 23.1 22.9 23.3 23.0 21.4 21.6 22.6 23.8
  - Oil-exporting countries: 19.5 21.6 21.1 21.8 20.5 20.1 19.4 16.1 14.1 14.1 15.7 15.0 14.6 14.0
  - Oil-importing countries: 23.2 25.3 26.0 25.5 25.5 25.4 25.4 25.6 25.9 25.3 25.2 25.1 27.7 26.5

- Table SA12 — Government Debt (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 32.5 27.9 26.8 28.9 29.0 31.0 32.7 38.7 43.5 45.7 48.5 50.4 56.6 57.8
  - Median: 44.9 33.3 31.5 30.6 30.6 23.3 31.7 47.7 44.5 50.5 50.5 49.8 54.7 63.6
  - Oil-exporting countries: 22.1 18.9 15.5 19.5 19.4 19.3 21.4 23.1 29.7 36.5 38.4 42.1 44.0 47.5 46.4
  - Oil-importing countries: 38.8 33.7 34.4 35.8 36.4 38.9 41.4 46.0 48.3 50.1 52.2 54.2 62.0 64.4

- Table SA13 — Broad Money (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 33.3 38.1 36.3 35.1 35.0 34.2 34.8 36.7 37.0 36.2 36.3 36.3 37.2 37.1
  - Median: 18.0 22.6 24.0 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.5 26.8 27.8 27.8 27.2 27.9 28.4 28.8
  - Oil-exporting countries: 16.1 26.4 22.4 21.9 19.8 22.0 21.9 23.2 25.1 27.0 25.3 24.4 25.0 24.9
  - Oil-importing countries: 43.5 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.0 43.6 43.0 42.9 44.5 43.3 42.9 42.8 43.0 44.0

### External Sector and Trade (selected tables)
- Table SA17 — Exports of Goods and Services, Table SA18 — Imports of Goods and Services (Percent of GDP) — regional aggregates (2004–08):
  - Table SA18 — Imports (2004–08):
    - Sub-Saharan Africa: 29.1
    - Median: 34.0
    - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 34.5
    - Oil-exporting countries: 24.2
    - Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 37.1
    - Oil-importing countries: 32.0
    - Middle-income countries: 28.6
    - Low-income countries: 31.3
    - Countries in fragile situations: 35.7
    - CFA franc zone: 30.5
    - CEMAC: 33.6
    - WAEMU: 27.7
    - COMESA (SSA members): 35.0
    - EAC-5: 27.5
    - ECOWAS: 22.1
    - SACU: 32.1
    - SADC: 33.6

- Table SA19 — Trade Balance on Goods (Percent of GDP) — (2004–08):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.7
  - Median: –6.6
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 5.0
  - Oil-exporting countries: 21.9
  - Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 35.0
  - Oil-importing countries: –3.8
  - Middle-income countries: 8.3
  - Low-income countries: –6.9
  - Countries in fragile situations: 5.3
  - CFA franc zone: 11.7
  - CEMAC: 26.8
  - WAEMU: –1.3
  - COMESA (SSA members): –9.4
  - EAC-5: –5.0
  - ECOWAS: 8.6
  - SACU: –0.6
  - SADC: 3.7

- Table SA20 — External Current Account (Percent of GDP) — (2004–08):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 2.1
  - Median: 2.2
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 2.5
  - Oil-exporting countries: 2.2
  - Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 2.5
  - Oil-importing countries: 1.8
  - Middle-income countries: 1.7
  - Low-income countries: 3.1
  - Countries in fragile situations: 3.6
  - CFA franc zone: 3.3
  - CEMAC: 5.3
  - WAEMU: 1.5
  - COMESA (SSA members): 2.5
  - EAC-5: 2.2
  - ECOWAS: 2.1
  - SACU: 1.3
  - SADC: 1.5

- Table SA21 — Net Foreign Direct Investment (Percent of GDP) — (2004–08):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 1.9
  - Median: 2.2
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 2.5
  - Oil-exporting countries: 2.2
  - Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 2.5
  - Oil-importing countries: 1.8
  - Low-income countries: 3.1
  - CEMAC: 5.3
  - (other group values as presented above mirror SA20 values for 2004–08)

### Exchange Rates, External Debt, Terms of Trade (selected series)
- Table SA22 — Real Effective Exchange Rates (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100) — sample series as presented:
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 94.997.3100.099.5102.7102.9102.8100.397.098.399.4101.7
  - Oil-exporting countries: 88.596.2100.0100.8108.8114.9120.9115.9109.3106.3108.4114.5
  - Oil-importing countries: 99.298.0100.098.798.795.391.990.689.092.693.293.6

- Table SA23 — Nominal Effective Exchange Rates (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100) — sample series as presented:
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 117.3101.6100.095.092.889.686.280.372.568.265.664.1
  - Oil-exporting countries: 116.5104.9100.095.496.096.797.087.773.462.358.356.9
  - Oil-importing countries: 117.699.4100.094.790.785.079.475.571.471.569.968.4

- Table SA24 — External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based (Percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 18.813.411.611.512.313.113.915.919.721.722.123.428.127.9
  - Median: 38.021.020.118.919.820.221.024.724.826.527.326.931.531.5
  - Low-income countries: 42.427.422.121.120.121.622.425.627.328.328.228.631.432.4
  - Countries in fragile situations: 58.740.828.126.322.021.320.322.523.824.724.425.029.929.4

- Table SA25 — Terms of Trade on Goods (Index, 2010 = 100) — Sub-Saharan Africa (sample series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 89.591.9100.0109.1109.3108.6106.695.296.8101.9103.7102.2100.5103.6
  - Oil-exporting countries: 96.489.1100.0115.0117.0115.5110.479.774.382.693.089.171.576.7
  - Oil-importing countries: 85.093.7100.0104.8103.4102.9103.2107.7112.1113.4109.8109.9117.7119.5

### Reserves and Banking Sector (selected tables)
- Table SA26 — Reserves (Months of imports of goods and services) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.25.24.04.65.45.05.16.15.55.45.06.24.13.6
  - Median: 3.04.13.73.53.53.73.83.83.53.53.53.93.23.2
  - Oil-exporting countries: 7.66.64.45.47.06.15.67.77.17.05.86.93.42.5
  - Oil-importing countries: 3.54.23.84.04.14.14.74.84.54.54.55.84.64.2
  - Countries in fragile situations: 0.91.81.52.62.01.82.01.31.21.11.11.41.41.8

- Table SA27 — Banking Penetration (Total banking sector assets in percent of GDP) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 41.547.750.049.850.653.654.154.755.254.853.760.6
  - Median: 24.430.230.430.431.832.633.836.136.738.438.447.5
  - Oil-exporting countries: 17.627.425.823.625.026.427.836.339.032.531.140.7
  - Oil-importing countries: 46.450.753.854.855.558.859.058.158.159.458.862.4

- Table SA28 — Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (Percent of deposits) — Sub-Saharan Africa (selected series as presented):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 67.068.568.870.071.372.972.274.778.377.375.271.6
  - Median: 66.570.669.474.377.078.076.175.479.080.278.974.3
  - Oil-importing countries: 68.769.670.073.074.375.174.376.676.174.272.471.1
  - Countries in fragile situations: 64.565.166.364.566.668.765.572.279.576.674.868.6

*International Monetary Fund, Background Paper: Statistical Appendix (Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa), October 2020*

### Section 1

### backgroundpaper - Section 1

### Scope and Timing
- Unless otherwise noted, data and projections presented are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2020, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2020 World Economic Outlook.
- The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department.
- Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries.

### Country Groupings (definitions and thresholds)
- Countries are aggregated into three nonoverlapping groups:
  - Oil exporters: countries where net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports.
  - Other resource-intensive countries: countries where nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports.
  - Non-resource-intensive countries: countries not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries.
- Countries are also aggregated into four overlapping groups: oil exporters, middle-income, low-income, and countries in fragile situations.
- Membership criteria:
  - Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2017–19 of more than $1,035.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method).
  - Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2017–19 equal to or lower than $1,035.00 (World Bank, Atlas method).
  - Countries in fragile situations: average Country Policy and Institutional Assessment scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peacekeeping or peace-building mission within the last three years.

### Regional Group Memberships
- Membership of sub-Saharan African countries in regional cooperation bodies is reported for:
  - CFA franc zone (WAEMU and CEMAC), COMESA, EAC-5, ECOWAS, SADC, and SACU.
- Note: EAC-5 aggregates include data for Rwanda and Burundi, which joined the group only in 2007.

### Methods of Aggregation (tables and weighting)
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA7, SA13, SA15–SA16, and SA22–SA23:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: World Economic Outlook (WEO) database.
- Tables SA8–SA12, SA17–SA21, and SA24–A26:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP.
- Tables SA4–SA5 and SA14:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: WEO database.
- Tables SA27–SA28:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of data for individual countries.

### Statistical Appendix Contents (table list)
- The Statistical Appendix includes tables SA1 through SA28 covering:
  - Real GDP Growth; Real Non-Oil GDP Growth; Real Per Capita GDP Growth; Consumer Prices (Average and End of Period); Total Investment; Gross National Savings; Fiscal Balances (including and excluding grants); Government Revenue and Expenditure; Government Debt; Broad Money and Broad Money Growth; Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (percent change and percent of GDP); Exports and Imports of Goods and Services; Trade Balance on Goods; External Current Account; Net Foreign Direct Investment; Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates; External Debt; Terms of Trade on Goods; Reserves; Banking Penetration; Banking Sector Loan-to-Deposit Ratio.

### Sources and Notes (selected)
- Primary sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database; IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2020; IMF, Information Notice System; IMF, International Financial Statistics.
- Footnotes include:
  - 1/ Fiscal year data where indicated.
  - 2/ In 2019 Zimbabwe authorities introduced the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) dollar, later renamed the Zimbabwe dollar, and are in the process of redenominating their national accounts statistics. Current data are subject to revision. The Zimbabwe dollar previously ceased circulating in 2009, and between 2009–19, Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency regime with the US dollar as the unit of account.
  - Note: “...” denotes data not available.
- Table-specific source notes are provided for Tables SA4–SA5, SA20, SA22–SA23, SA26–SA28 as indicated in the appendix.

### Key Table Extract — Table SA1: Real GDP Growth (selected aggregates and series as presented)
- Sub-Saharan Africa series (annual values across the table’s year columns, presented exactly as in source):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa6.43.87.05.14.85.15.23.21.53.13.33.2–3.03.1
- Median series (as presented):
  - Median4.83.26.15.25.15.34.73.63.83.93.83.9–2.23.4
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (as presented):
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa6.43.96.46.16.36.05.84.33.54.84.84.6–1.03.7
- Oil-exporting countries (as presented):
  - Oil-exporting countries8.36.49.24.64.65.35.82.2–1.70.51.31.7–4.02.1
- Oil-importing countries (as presented):
  - Oil-importing countries5.22.15.55.55.05.04.73.93.54.74.44.0–2.53.6
- Country-level series are reported in the table for individual countries (Angola, Benin, Botswana, …, Zimbabwe) with values provided year-by-year in the table.

*International Monetary Fund, Background Paper: Statistical Appendix (Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa), October 2020*

### Section 2

### backgroundpaper - Section 2

### Real GDP Growth (Percent)
- Country-level annual series of Real GDP Growth for 2004–08, 2009–2021 are presented in tabular form.
- Regional aggregates and country groups (with values reported exactly as in the table):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 7.34.97.55.55.56.25.73.22.03.03.43.3–2.83.0
  - Median 5.03.26.15.65.25.45.23.73.93.93.93.9–2.03.5
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 6.85.06.66.66.86.66.33.83.74.95.04.9–0.63.6
  - Oil-exporting countries 10.59.110.76.26.67.96.92.2–0.60.71.61.9–3.61.9
  - Oil-exporting countries, Excluding Nigeria 5.07.26.48.48.37.26.1–1.3–1.51.20.71.5–2.82.6
  - Oil-importing countries 5.42.05.34.94.84.94.83.93.64.54.54.1–2.33.6
  - Excluding South Africa 5.84.36.76.06.36.36.35.35.25.96.15.7–0.23.9
  - Middle-income countries 7.54.77.55.15.56.15.42.51.12.02.52.2–4.03.0
  - Low-income countries 6.85.37.26.95.66.36.75.54.76.36.16.30.33.0
  - Countries in fragile situations 4.03.86.22.78.76.76.83.73.24.34.44.5–0.64.2
  - CFA franc zone 6.24.34.73.88.05.56.44.03.94.94.54.4–0.84.6
  - CEMAC 9.96.45.18.08.64.85.00.60.41.70.91.7–2.93.2
  - WAEMU 3.42.74.40.47.56.17.46.26.06.86.55.90.35.3
  - COMESA (SSA members) 7.05.77.87.35.56.17.16.34.96.06.26.0–0.33.0
  - EAC-5 6.45.57.37.24.45.76.06.04.95.76.56.21.04.5
  - ECOWAS 8.67.810.24.86.57.76.73.81.72.53.63.3–2.32.9
  - SACU 4.8–1.73.43.52.53.02.11.20.61.41.00.3–7.93.3
  - SADC 5.81.24.74.94.24.74.31.61.22.32.31.8–5.23.2

### Table SA2 — Real Non-Oil GDP Growth (Percent)
- Country-level annual series of Real Non-Oil GDP Growth for 2004–08, 2009–2021 are presented in tabular form.
- Regional aggregates and country groups (values reported exactly as in the table):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 3.91.44.42.62.32.62.70.8–0.80.70.90.8–5.30.8
  - Median 2.80.73.22.93.12.62.60.91.31.32.02.0–4.80.9
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 3.61.13.43.33.53.23.11.71.02.22.22.0–3.41.2
  - Oil-exporting countries 5.33.46.31.71.72.42.9–0.6–4.4–2.2–1.4–0.9–6.5–0.5
  - Oil-exporting countries, Excluding Nigeria 6.1–1.31.20.72.21.81.6–1.8–4.9–3.1–3.0–2.2–6.00.2
  - Oil-importing countries 3.10.03.13.22.72.72.51.71.42.52.31.7–4.61.5
  - Excluding South Africa 2.81.94.14.13.93.73.62.82.53.63.52.9–2.81.5
  - Middle-income countries 4.11.04.32.12.42.22.20.2–1.7–0.20.0–0.1–6.30.8
  - Low-income countries 3.22.54.84.42.13.94.22.91.93.53.43.0–2.50.6
  - Countries in fragile situations 0.11.84.30.62.63.94.11.20.41.52.01.0–3.81.7
  - CFA franc zone 1.7–0.11.0–0.83.81.33.11.50.81.21.71.8–3.51.8
  - CEMAC 3.2–0.50.61.03.6–1.31.6–1.4–3.2–2.5–1.5–0.4–5.60.6
  - WAEMU 0.50.21.2–2.24.03.34.13.53.23.53.53.0–2.52.4
  - COMESA (SSA members) 3.33.35.85.23.63.44.43.82.43.63.72.9–3.00.8
  - EAC-5 3.32.54.34.31.62.93.13.32.22.93.73.5–1.71.8
  - ECOWAS 3.84.06.22.32.63.13.20.5–1.80.30.81.0–5.00.4
  - SACU 3.5–3.11.81.90.91.40.5–0.3–0.9–0.1–0.5–1.2–9.41.7
  - SADC 4.0–1.72.62.32.31.81.40.1–0.90.1–0.1–0.8–7.51.2

### Table SA3 — Real Per Capita GDP Growth (Percent)
- Country-level annual series of Real Per Capita GDP Growth for 2004–08, 2009–2021 are presented in tabular form.
- Regional aggregates and country groups (values reported exactly as in the table):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 8.99.68.09.39.06.56.36.810.410.78.48.510.67.9
  - Median 7.17.44.35.46.14.94.43.65.24.83.92.84.13.7
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 9.49.36.410.48.75.75.46.49.210.08.08.711.97.1
  - Oil-exporting countries 11.211.412.010.011.07.57.18.617.317.012.211.112.712.5
  - Oil-exporting countries, Excluding Nigeria 10.49.07.88.08.35.44.97.521.318.112.410.412.312.1
  - Oil-importing countries 7.68.55.38.87.75.85.85.66.37.16.27.19.55.4
  - Excluding South Africa 9.19.36.011.28.95.85.66.16.27.96.98.311.96.0
  - Middle-income countries 8.79.48.38.28.36.96.97.011.410.98.17.58.58.4
  - Low-income countries 9.610.56.713.111.75.14.46.07.210.19.211.316.46.7
  - Countries in fragile situations 7.49.85.86.86.63.73.04.77.311.39.815.122.55.7
  - COMESA (SSA members) 11.313.07.215.311.26.05.76.56.410.39.513.619.27.7
  - EAC-5 7.711.75.013.312.36.25.45.85.76.73.64.04.74.3
  - ECOWAS 10.19.910.59.39.87.47.38.112.212.49.38.29.99.4
  - SADC 8.39.97.17.67.16.36.05.39.810.58.39.612.37.1

### Table SA4 — Consumer Prices (Annual average, percent change)
- Country-level annual average consumer price inflation for 2004–08, 2009–2021 are presented in tabular form.
- Regional aggregates and country groups (values reported exactly as in the table):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa 9.08.97.59.98.06.16.07.911.610.27.89.710.57.3
  - Median 7.44.74.96.85.04.42.64.55.04.34.43.84.54.1
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 9.77.47.011.46.85.35.38.010.19.77.210.611.46.4
  - Oil-exporting countries 10.112.010.99.510.36.97.19.720.815.111.511.413.311.6
  - Oil-exporting countries, Excluding Nigeria 9.57.78.57.66.84.65.29.926.614.511.610.012.411.4
  - Oil-importing countries 8.46.95.410.26.45.55.36.76.37.35.78.79.05.0
  - Excluding South Africa 9.87.26.612.66.85.65.37.46.18.46.110.811.25.3
  - Middle-income countries 8.68.97.88.47.96.66.67.912.89.68.17.88.88.0
  - Low-income countries 10.58.96.715.58.14.34.17.78.011.77.015.015.25.7
  - Countries in fragile situations 8.47.35.46.36.52.43.16.48.813.57.721.121.74.8
  - COMESA (SSA members) 12.410.67.217.57.36.25.08.26.312.07.918.317.56.4
  - EAC-5 8.49.94.219.86.46.14.47.55.94.03.84.84.44.6
  - ECOWAS 9.410.09.88.89.77.07.48.613.811.68.98.710.58.8
  - SADC 8.79.06.38.26.85.65.46.811.49.97.811.212.26.8

### Table SA5 — Consumer Prices (End of period, percent change)
- Country-level end-of-period consumer price inflation for 2004–08, 2009–2021 are presented in tabular form.
- Regional aggregates and country groups are included in the table (country-level rows and regional groupings appear in the source table).

*Source: backgroundpaper - Section 2 (statistical tables as presented in the source PDF).*

### Section 3

### backgroundpaper - Section 3

### Total Investment (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.1, 23.9, 22.9, 21.2, 22.4, 22.2, 23.0, 23.3, 21.9, 21.2, 22.7, 24.5, 23.2, 23.3
- Median: 21.1, 22.0, 23.4, 22.9, 24.7, 24.7, 23.5, 24.2, 21.7, 21.6, 20.6, 22.2, 21.7, 22.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 24.1, 28.1, 28.0, 24.8, 27.7, 26.9, 28.1, 28.7, 26.4, 25.0, 25.8, 26.0, 25.2, 26.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 19.7, 25.3, 21.2, 19.2, 19.4, 19.0, 20.2, 20.7, 19.2, 18.3, 20.6, 25.2, 24.7, 23.7
  - Excluding Nigeria: 26.6, 38.9, 30.8, 25.9, 29.5, 28.3, 30.1, 33.5, 28.5, 24.8, 22.4, 22.7, 22.8, 23.1
- Oil-importing countries: 22.0, 23.0, 24.1, 22.6, 24.4, 24.5, 25.1, 25.1, 23.6, 23.1, 24.0, 24.1, 22.3, 23.0
- Excluding South Africa: 23.3, 24.5, 27.0, 24.3, 27.0, 26.4, 27.5, 27.5, 27.2, 25.8, 25.1, 26.6, 26.8, 26.6
- Middle-income countries: 21.1, 24.0, 22.3, 20.1, 21.1, 20.9, 21.6, 22.2, 20.3, 19.5, 20.7, 22.9, 21.1, 20.9
  - Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 26.1, 31.4, 30.0, 24.7, 28.1, 26.6, 28.6, 28.1, 25.8, 23.9, 23.6, 23.2, 23.3, 21.9, 22.6
- Low-income countries: 21.4, 23.7, 25.3, 24.9, 27.1, 27.1, 28.2, 27.2, 27.2, 26.7, 28.7, 29.1, 28.9, 29.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 23.7, 26.1, 26.0, 28.6, 31.3, 31.3, 31.3, 30.8, 30.8, 30.7, 30.9, 33.6, 33.8, 33.5, 34.2
- Countries in fragile situations: 16.2, 18.8, 23.6, 16.7, 20.0, 21.2, 23.2, 23.4, 21.2, 18.2, 18.2, 18.4, 18.8, 19.8
- CFA franc zone: 20.3, 24.8, 25.5, 22.2, 26.4, 27.0, 27.6, 27.6, 27.8, 25.8, 24.5, 25.1, 25.4, 25.4, 26.4
- CEMAC: 25.2, 34.5, 32.9, 29.0, 33.4, 31.9, 33.5, 33.5, 34.1, 30.6, 26.4, 25.2, 25.9, 24.9, 25.8
- WAEMU: 16.6, 17.3, 19.8, 16.8, 20.7, 23.3, 23.3, 23.3, 23.7, 23.0, 23.4, 25.1, 25.1, 25.7, 26.6
- COMESA (SSA members): 21.1, 22.8, 24.3, 24.3, 24.8, 25.5, 25.0, 26.5, 27.0, 24.8, 25.1, 25.3, 25.4, 23.2, 23.5
- EAC-5: 24.0, 24.9, 24.9, 24.9, 26.3, 27.0, 27.8, 27.6, 25.5, 23.9, 23.9, 24.3, 25.0, 23.3, 23.9
- ECOWAS: 18.9, 20.7, 20.8, 17.3, 18.1, 17.6, 18.5, 18.4, 18.3, 17.9, 21.4, 25.7, 24.9, 24.9, 24.4
- SACU: 20.7, 21.5, 20.5, 20.5, 20.4, 20.9, 21.7, 21.3, 21.6, 19.6, 19.6, 19.2, 18.3, 14.2, 14.7
- SADC: 22.6, 26.1, 23.7, 23.7, 23.4, 24.4, 24.7, 24.7, 25.5, 22.8, 22.0, 22.3, 22.0, 20.3, 20.8
- Selected country extremes (2004–21 series where provided):
  - Angola: 39.1, 26.3, 34.8, 37.9, 37.2, 32.0, 29.8, 28.5, 24.5, 23.4, 27.5, 25.5, 25.2, 20.2, 21.2
  - Botswana: 40.6, 21.6, 37.5, 40.4, 38.8, 37.1, 42.6, 39.5, 36.3, 33.6, 30.1, 25.6, 29.2, 30.2
  - Ethiopia: 19.6, 15.4, 24.4, 33.1, 31.1, 28.1, 30.7, 31.4, 31.2, 30.2, 32.3, 30.1, 29.4, 29.9

### Gross National Savings (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 22.9, 20.9, 21.7, 20.1, 20.1, 19.4, 19.2, 17.7, 18.4, 18.9, 20.5, 20.5, 18.2, 19.0
- Median: 16.0, 15.8, 17.9, 15.7, 16.8, 16.4, 17.9, 16.6, 17.2, 17.4, 18.1, 18.1, 14.1, 15.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 22.6, 20.4, 24.1, 22.1, 23.2, 21.6, 22.5, 21.2, 20.4, 20.4, 20.2, 21.3, 18.7, 19.9
- Oil-exporting countries: 31.6, 25.2, 25.2, 24.3, 23.4, 23.8, 22.4, 20.3, 16.1, 17.8, 19.5, 21.9, 22.9, 21.5
  - Excluding Nigeria: 33.9, 27.9, 32.7, 32.7, 33.9, 35.3, 31.1, 30.3, 25.2, 22.1, 22.3, 24.4, 21.4, 20.4
- Oil-importing countries: 17.7, 18.0, 20.0, 17.8, 17.4, 17.3, 18.3, 18.8, 18.8, 18.5, 18.6, 19.0, 16.6, 17.5
- Excluding South Africa: 18.9, 18.0, 21.3, 17.9, 19.0, 18.4, 19.9, 20.1, 20.0, 19.6, 20.5, 20.9, 18.6, 19.8
- Middle-income countries: 24.8, 22.5, 22.6, 20.7, 20.8, 19.8, 19.2, 17.6, 18.0, 18.5, 19.4, 20.2, 17.6, 18.3
- Low-income countries: 15.5, 14.6, 18.4, 18.1, 17.3, 17.9, 19.2, 18.1, 19.6, 20.0, 21.1, 21.3, 19.9, 20.8
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 17.6, 15.8, 19.0, 20.1, 20.9, 20.5, 21.5, 21.1, 23.9, 23.9, 25.7, 25.6, 23.8, 24.5
- Countries in fragile situations: 12.1, 13.3, 18.2, 14.9, 13.3, 15.6, 16.9, 15.5, 12.5, 12.9, 12.0, 13.5, 12.4, 14.1
- CFA franc zone: 18.4, 19.6, 20.8, 21.6, 24.0, 22.2, 22.3, 22.3, 20.2, 18.8, 19.7, 20.4, 21.0, 19.1, 21.0
- CEMAC: 28.7, 28.7, 30.0, 31.6, 35.8, 31.7, 31.7, 31.2, 22.4, 19.2, 21.9, 22.1, 22.7, 17.4, 20.5
- WAEMU: 10.7, 12.5, 13.8, 13.5, 14.4, 15.0, 15.7, 18.0, 18.7, 18.6, 19.3, 20.1, 20.0, 21.0, 21.2
- COMESA (SSA members): 16.9, 16.4, 20.0, 19.8, 19.8, 19.5, 20.3, 20.3, 20.7, 19.5, 19.1, 19.8, 19.1, 16.6, 17.8
- EAC-5: 19.2, 17.2, 17.2, 17.5, 16.4, 17.5, 17.6, 16.7, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9, 17.5, 18.2, 17.4, 18.1
- ECOWAS: 26.2, 22.3, 21.2, 17.0, 18.0, 17.3, 16.2, 14.1, 16.7, 17.9, 19.9, 21.7, 20.4, 20.3, 21.1
- SACU: 17.4, 18.4, 18.4, 17.8, 18.2, 16.0, 16.7, 17.2, 17.5, 17.0, 17.1, 15.5, 12.4, 12.8
- SADC: 20.5, 19.8, 22.2, 21.7, 20.0, 20.0, 20.4, 19.9, 19.9, 19.3, 19.4, 19.3, 16.1, 16.7

### Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (2004–21 series): 1.6, –4.4, –3.4, –1.2, –1.7, –3.0, –3.5, –4.1, –4.3, –4.5, –3.5, –4.2, –7.6, –5.9
- Median: –0.5, –3.2, –3.0, –2.2, –2.3, –3.1, –3.4, –4.4, –4.3, –3.0, –3.0, –2.5, –6.0, –4.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 1.1, –3.5, –1.9, –0.3, –1.5, –2.9, –4.2, –4.5, –4.6, –4.1, –2.9, –3.2, –5.9, –4.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 5.4, –5.0, –2.2, 2.2, 0.8, –2.1, –3.1, –3.9, –4.6, –5.3, –2.4, –3.3, –5.9, –4.0
  - Excluding Nigeria: 6.6, –4.3, 2.3, 5.5, 1.7, –1.7, –5.3, –5.7, –5.9, –5.0, 1.3, 0.4, –3.3, –1.4
- Oil-importing countries: –0.5, –4.0, –4.3, –3.6, –3.6, –3.8, –3.9, –4.3, –4.2, –4.0, –4.1, –4.8, –8.6, –7.0
- Excluding South Africa: –1.1, –3.1, –3.6, –3.2, –2.9, –3.5, –3.7, –4.0, –4.2, –3.8, –4.1, –4.1, –6.5, –5.2
- Middle-income countries: 2.2, –4.8, –3.6, –1.0, –1.6, –3.2, –3.6, –4.3, –4.7, –5.0, –3.8, –4.9, –8.8, –6.7
- Low-income countries: –1.2, –2.8, –2.7, –1.8, –2.2, –2.4, –3.2, –3.6, –3.1, –2.8, –2.5, –2.3, –4.0, –3.5
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: –1.5, –2.6, –2.9, –2.4, –2.4, –2.8, –3.4, –3.2, –2.9, –3.0, –3.0, –2.6, –4.2, –4.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 0.6, –1.9, –0.3, 0.2, –1.0, –1.7, –3.2, –4.6, –4.2, –2.9, –1.6, –1.5, –4.1, –2.7
- CFA franc zone: 4.3, –1.7, –0.6, –0.3, –1.0, –2.9, –3.4, –5.0, –5.0, –3.6, –2.0, –1.5, –4.9, –3.5
- CEMAC: 9.3, –0.8, 1.2, 2.6, 0.4, –3.4, –4.2, –7.4, –7.0, –3.5, 0.0, 0.0, –3.6, –2.3
- WAEMU: –0.1, –2.5, –2.1, –3.1, –2.3, –2.5, –2.6, –3.3, –3.7, –3.6, –3.4, –2.4, –5.6, –4.2
- COMESA (SSA members): –1.6, –2.2, –2.6, –2.4, –1.9, –2.9, –3.5, –4.0, –4.4, –4.4, –4.2, –4.8, –5.8, –5.2
- EAC-5: –1.8, –3.4, –4.3, –3.2, –3.9, –4.2, –4.7, –5.2, –5.2, –4.6, –4.7, –5.4, –6.1, –6.5
- ECOWAS: 2.7, –4.7, –4.2, –0.8, –1.0, –3.0, –2.6, –3.3, –4.2, –4.8, –4.3, –4.4, –7.3, –5.2
- SACU: 0.3, –5.3, –5.2, –4.1, –4.1, –3.8, –3.9, –4.9, –4.1, –4.3, –4.3, –6.3, –13.5, –10.8
- SADC: 0.3, –5.1, –3.4, –1.8, –2.1, –2.9, –4.1, –4.1, –3.9, –4.2, –3.0, –4.4, –9.1, –7.2

### Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (2004–21 series): 0.4, –5.4, –4.2, –1.8, –2.3, –3.7, –4.2, –4.8, –4.9, –5.0, –4.0, –4.7, –8.3, –6.6
- Median: –3.3, –5.5, –5.1, –4.4, –4.4, –5.0, –6.0, –6.1, –6.2, –5.1, –4.3, –5.0, –9.6, –7.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: –1.7, –5.5, –3.7, –1.9, –2.9, –4.3, –5.6, –5.8, –5.7, –5.1, –3.8, –4.2, –7.3, –5.8
- Oil-exporting countries: 4.9, –5.1, –2.2, 2.1, 0.6, –2.3, –3.3, –4.1, –4.7, –5.4, –2.5, –3.3, –6.0, –4.1
  - Excluding Nigeria: 5.3, –4.6, 2.1, 5.1, 1.2, –2.3, –5.9, –6.3, –6.1, –5.3, 1.0, 0.1, –3.8, –1.8
- Oil-importing countries: –2.2, –5.6, –5.5, –4.7, –4.6, –4.8, –5.0, –5.3, –5.0, –4.8, –4.8, –5.6, –9.7, –8.0
- Excluding South Africa: –4.4, –5.8, –6.0, –5.3, –4.8, –5.2, –5.5, –5.6, –5.5, –5.0, –5.2, –5.2, –8.0, –6.7
- Middle-income countries: 1.7, –5.1, –3.8, –1.2, –1.7, –3.3, –3.8, –4.4, –4.9, –5.2, –4.0, –5.0, –9.1, –6.9
- Low-income countries: –5.8, –6.6, –6.2, –4.9, –5.0, –5.0, –5.8, –5.9, –4.9, –4.5, –4.1, –3.9, –6.3, –5.6
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: –6.8, –6.6, –6.5, –5.9, –5.2, –5.3, –5.5, –4.9, –4.3, –4.4, –4.4, –4.1, –6.3, –5.7
- Countries in fragile situations: –2.0, –4.3, –2.7, –1.8, –3.1, –4.0, –6.0, –7.2, –6.2, –4.8, –3.0, –3.0, –6.3, –4.9
- CFA franc zone: 1.2, –3.3, –1.7, –1.5, –2.2, –4.4, –4.8, –6.4, –6.3, –5.0, –3.4, –2.9, –7.1, –5.2
- CEMAC: 6.9, –1.5, 0.7, 2.1, –0.2, –3.9, –4.8, –8.1, –7.7, –4.3, –0.7, –0.8, –4.9, –3.3
- WAEMU: –3.7, –4.8, –3.9, –5.0, –4.0, –4.8, –4.8, –5.2, –5.4, –5.4, –5.1, –4.2, –8.3, –6.2
- COMESA (SSA members): –5.0, –4.9, –5.2, –4.3, –3.6, –4.5, –5.1, –5.3, –5.5, –5.4, –5.0, –5.8, –7.0, –6.6
- EAC-5: –5.3, –6.2, –7.2, –5.8, –6.1, –6.1, –6.2, –6.3, –6.1, –5.4, –5.4, –6.0, –6.9, –7.3
- ECOWAS: 1.7, –5.4, –4.7, –1.4, –1.5, –3.4, –3.1, –3.9, –4.7, –5.4, –4.9, –4.9, –8.2, –5.8
- SACU: 0.3, –5.4, –5.2, –4.1, –4.1, –3.9, –4.0, –4.9, –4.1, –4.3, –4.3, –6.3, –13.6, –10.9
- SADC: –0.5, –5.8, –4.1, –2.3, –2.6, –3.4, –4.7, –4.6, –4.3, –4.6, –3.2, –4.7, –9.6, –7.7

*International Monetary Fund | BACKGROUND PAPER: STATISTICAL APPENDIX (tables excerpted: Total Investment; Gross National Savings; Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants; Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants).*

### Section 4

### backgroundpaper - Section 4

### Table SA10. Government Revenue, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 22.3 18.4 19.8 22.1 21.0 19.3 18.5 16.8 16.0 16.7 17.5 16.8 14.5 15.3
- Median: 15.1 14.1 15.4 17.1 16.4 16.2 16.0 16.4 16.7 16.4 15.8 17.5 15.5 16.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 19.5 18.6 20.3 21.9 21.6 20.7 19.8 17.7 17.6 16.4 16.4 16.7 16.5 15.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 24.4 16.5 18.9 23.9 21.1 17.8 16.2 12.0 9.4 10.4 12.5 11.2 8.6 9.9
- Excluding Nigeria (oil-exporting): 31.4 29.8 33.8 33.3 35.1 33.4 30.7 27.3 21.4 17.1 17.1 20.2 19.3 16.5 17.5
- Oil-importing countries: 21.0 19.7 20.5 20.8 20.9 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.3 20.4 20.3 20.1 18.0 18.6
- Excluding South Africa: 14.7 14.3 15.1 15.4 16.2 16.1 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.1 16.1 15.7 15.8 14.4 15.1
- Middle-income countries: 24.5 20.0 21.2 23.8 22.5 20.5 19.4 17.4 16.4 17.3 18.6 17.6 15.0 15.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 24.4 23.3 24.7 26.8 26.8 25.4 24.8 23.4 20.3 18.0 17.8 18.9 18.4 16.4 16.9
- Low-income countries: 11.3 11.7 13.3 14.3 14.2 14.5 14.7 14.4 14.3 14.4 13.9 14.3 13.0 13.9
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 11.2 11.2 12.0 12.3 12.9 13.6 13.7 13.7 14.1 14.1 14.4 13.9 14.0 12.6 13.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 14.2 13.9 16.9 16.9 17.9 17.8 17.4 17.1 15.0 14.9 14.7 14.7 15.3 14.0 15.0
- CFA franc zone: 18.4 17.4 18.0 18.7 19.7 19.1 18.3 16.3 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.4 14.7 14.7 15.4
- CEMAC: 24.3 22.4 23.1 25.0 25.4 24.6 23.3 18.8 15.9 15.7 17.1 17.4 14.5 14.5 15.1
- WAEMU: 13.3 13.3 13.5 12.6 14.1 14.2 14.0 14.6 14.7 15.2 14.8 15.8 14.9 14.9 15.6
- COMESA (SSA members): 14.2 13.6 15.1 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.7 16.0 16.2 15.9 15.4 15.0 14.8 13.4 14.0
- EAC-5: 13.7 13.4 13.4 14.0 14.2 14.3 14.6 14.9 15.4 15.8 15.8 15.9 15.8 15.0
- ECOWAS: 17.9 10.8 12.5 16.3 14.5 12.5 11.2 11.6 9.6 8.6 9.5 10.8 10.4 8.7 9.9
- SACU: 28.2 27.2 26.7 27.2 27.6 27.6 28.0 28.4 28.6 28.6 28.6 29.1 27.3 27.1
- SADC: 26.5 25.4 26.4 27.6 27.6 27.4 26.7 25.8 24.4 23.1 23.1 24.0 23.8 21.8 22.4

### Table SA11. Government Expenditure (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.8 23.8 24.0 23.9 23.3 23.0 22.7 21.5 20.8 21.7 21.5 21.6 22.8 21.9
- Median: 20.2 21.9 21.6 22.4 22.8 23.8 23.8 23.1 22.9 23.3 23.0 21.4 21.6 22.6 23.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 21.2 24.1 24.1 23.9 23.7 24.5 25.0 25.4 23.5 22.0 21.5 20.5 20.7 22.1 21.3
- Oil-exporting countries: 19.5 21.6 21.1 21.8 20.5 20.1 19.4 16.1 14.1 14.1 15.7 15.0 14.6 14.0
- Excluding Nigeria (oil-exporting): 26.1 34.4 31.3 31.0 32.0 33.2 33.0 32.2 27.3 23.3 22.5 19.1 19.2 20.3 19.3
- Oil-importing countries: 23.2 25.3 26.0 25.5 25.5 25.4 25.4 25.6 25.9 25.3 25.2 25.1 27.7 26.5
- Excluding South Africa: 19.1 20.2 21.0 20.7 20.9 21.3 21.9 21.9 21.6 21.1 20.9 21.0 22.5 21.8
- Middle-income countries: 22.8 25.1 24.9 25.0 24.2 23.8 23.8 23.2 21.9 22.3 22.5 22.6 22.7 24.1 22.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 23.6 28.1 26.8 26.8 27.2 28.0 28.6 28.8 26.0 24.2 23.4 22.5 22.8 24.7 22.9
- Low-income countries: 17.2 18.3 19.5 19.5 19.2 19.1 19.5 20.6 20.3 19.2 18.8 17.9 18.2 19.3 19.5
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 18.0 17.8 18.5 18.5 18.2 18.1 18.9 19.1 18.9 18.5 18.7 18.3 18.1 18.1 19.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 16.2 18.2 18.9 19.5 19.7 20.9 21.4 23.2 22.2 22.1 21.1 17.7 18.3 20.3 19.9
- CFA franc zone: 17.2 20.7 19.7 19.7 20.2 21.8 23.5 23.1 22.7 21.5 20.3 19.1 19.3 20.6
- CEMAC: 17.4 23.9 22.4 22.4 22.9 25.6 28.5 28.2 26.9 23.7 19.1 17.8 19.4 18.3
- WAEMU: 17.0 18.0 17.4 17.4 17.5 18.2 19.0 18.7 19.8 20.1 20.6 19.9 20.0 23.2 21.8
- COMESA (SSA members): 19.3 18.5 20.3 20.3 19.6 19.4 20.2 21.1 21.6 21.4 20.8 20.0 20.6 20.4 20.6
- EAC-5: 19.0 19.6 21.1 21.1 20.0 20.4 20.8 21.2 19.7 21.9 21.9 21.3 21.8 19.9 22.3
- ECOWAS: 16.2 16.3 17.2 17.2 17.7 15.9 15.5 14.8 13.5 13.4 14.9 15.7 15.3 16.9 15.7
- SACU: 27.9 75.4 73.5 74.3 72.1 70.5 68.6 67.7 69.0 69.5 70.0 71.4 75.9 74.4
- SADC: 27.0 31.2 30.5 29.0 29.3 30.4 30.1 29.4 28.4 27.4 27.6 27.3 28.5 33.1 30.2

### Table SA12. Government Debt (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 32.5 27.9 26.8 28.9 29.0 31.0 32.7 38.7 43.5 45.7 48.5 50.4 56.6 57.8
- Median: 44.9 33.3 31.5 30.6 30.6 23.3 31.7 47.7 44.5 50.5 50.5 49.8 54.7 63.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 43.7 37.7 32.7 28.8 30.1 29.6 33.7 46.1 51.1 51.8 54.4 56.4 60.4 60.4
- Oil-exporting countries: 22.1 18.9 15.5 19.5 19.4 19.3 21.4 23.1 29.7 36.5 38.4 42.1 44.0 47.5 46.4
- Excluding Nigeria (oil-exporting): 34.5 40.4 29.3 23.3 24.6 22.6 27.8 34.9 51.5 65.3 61.9 70.2 79.8 41.7 76.8
- Oil-importing countries: 38.8 33.7 34.4 35.8 36.4 38.9 41.4 46.0 48.3 50.1 52.2 54.2 62.0 64.4
- Excluding South Africa: 47.2 36.6 34.1 33.6 33.6 35.6 38.0 44.1 46.6 48.5 49.8 50.4 55.0 55.6 56.8
- Middle-income countries: 28.1 25.4 25.6 28.8 28.8 27.8 30.5 31.9 37.6 42.7 45.6 49.4 52.4 59.8 60.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 37.2 37.2 32.8 30.7 29.4 33.2 37.6 48.5 48.5 58.9 61.2 66.4 72.0 70.2
- Low-income countries: 54.3 38.4 32.7 29.2 29.2 29.9 33.0 36.2 42.7 46.3 46.2 44.6 47.9 49.1
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 40.5 26.3 28.3 28.3 28.8 29.7 33.5 36.8 44.4 46.8 47.9 50.0 49.5 52.4 53.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 73.9 58.4 42.0 34.9 31.0 32.1 35.7 40.7 45.6 44.7 41.3 38.7 43.2 43.2 43.6
- CFA franc zone: 39.5 30.3 27.7 27.4 24.4 26.3 26.4 30.3 36.4 35.4 46.7 47.6 47.6 51.7 51.3
- CEMAC: 38.1 24.8 21.2 21.9 19.8 19.2 22.7 28.3 42.3 49.9 51.0 51.8 57.6 55.5
- WAEMU: 40.9 34.9 33.4 33.4 34.7 29.2 29.8 32.1 36.0 39.0 42.3 44.5 50.0 48.4 48.9
- COMESA (SSA members): 57.3 41.5 35.3 36.6 34.7 35.0 37.1 38.3 45.2 47.7 50.4 51.2 51.6 55.8 58.7
- EAC-5: 39.7 27.9 31.6 30.6 30.8 32.3 33.9 35.4 40.3 41.9 48.5 49.9 50.2 54.3 57.6
- ECOWAS: 25.5 17.3 17.1 22.4 21.6 22.9 22.9 26.9 26.3 30.6 33.5 36.7 43.0 43.5
- SACU: 29.4 29.1 33.5 37.0 39.4 42.2 44.7 47.3 49.1 50.5 54.0 55.9 74.4 78.8
- SADC: 34.5 36.3 33.9 34.6 35.3 38.5 41.9 48.3 45.3 52.9 57.0 61.6 71.3 72.8

### Table SA13. Broad Money (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 33.3 38.1 36.3 35.1 35.0 34.2 34.8 36.7 37.0 36.2 36.3 36.3 37.2 37.1
- Median: 18.0 22.6 24.0 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.5 26.8 27.8 27.8 27.2 27.9 28.4 28.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 21.9 26.8 26.9 26.9 26.8 27.3 28.4 30.4 30.5 29.8 29.0 29.0 29.6 30.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 16.1 26.4 22.4 21.9 19.8 22.0 21.9 23.2 25.1 27.0 25.3 24.4 25.0 24.9
- Excluding Nigeria (oil-exporting): 16.4 31.2 31.2 26.3 25.2 25.4 26.8 32.3 33.1 31.1 26.8 25.4 26.6 26.8 26.3
- Oil-importing countries: 43.5 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.0 43.6 43.0 42.9 44.5 43.3 42.9 42.8 43.0 44.0
- Excluding South Africa: 23.6 25.3 27.1 27.3 26.7 27.8 28.4 30.1 29.8 29.6 29.9 30.4 31.0 31.4
- Middle-income countries: 36.8 42.8 40.0 38.9 38.9 37.3 37.4 40.7 40.7 39.5 39.3 39.7 40.8 40.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 37.2 37.2 32.8 30.7 29.4 33.2 37.6 48.5 48.5 58.9 61.2 66.4 72.0 70.2
- Low-income countries: 20.0 20.8 22.7 22.2 22.8 23.4 24.7 26.3 26.0 26.6 26.6 27.4 27.8 28.1
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 21.0 20.9 22.9 22.9 22.7 24.4 26.8 25.9 26.3 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.6 28.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 15.0 17.9 19.6 20.0 20.7 21.0 21.6 23.0 22.9 22.2 21.7 22.7 23.1 23.6
- CFA franc zone: 14.8 17.9 19.1 20.2 20.2 20.1 21.2 21.9 23.3 23.6 23.4 23.9 24.7 25.7 26.1
- CEMAC: 13.9 17.0 17.0 17.8 18.6 19.4 20.8 21.3 22.7 22.3 21.4 22.3 23.9 24.0
- WAEMU: 15.5 18.6 20.1 21.4 20.7 21.5 22.3 23.7 24.4 24.4 24.5 26.1 26.1 27.3
- COMESA (SSA members): 28.0 26.9 29.0 29.0 29.0 30.1 30.9 32.3 31.7 32.2 32.2 32.7 32.7 33.1 33.7
- EAC-5: 24.8 24.9 24.8 27.0 27.3 27.5 28.2 29.3 30.3 28.6 27.8 28.0 27.8 28.1 28.6
- ECOWAS: 16.1 22.9 21.2 21.1 20.0 21.5 20.2 21.7 23.0 25.4 25.0 25.5 24.9 25.6 25.8
- SACU: 69.7 75.4 73.5 74.3 72.1 70.5 68.6 67.7 69.0 69.5 70.0 71.4 75.9 74.4
- SADC: 51.7 58.3 55.6 55.5 54.6 52.7 51.5 51.3 54.1 52.9 51.2 50.6 51.7 53.9 53.1

*Background paper: statistical appendix (Tables SA10–SA13).*

### Section 5

### backgroundpaper - Section 5

### Tables and coverage
- Table SA14. Broad Money Growth (Percent)
- Table SA15. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent change)
- Table SA16. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent of GDP)
- Table SA17. Exports of Goods and Services (Percent of GDP)

### Geographic and temporal scope
- Country-level series for Sub-Saharan Africa and individual economies (Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Cameroon; Central African Rep.; Chad; Comoros; Congo, Dem. Rep. of; Congo, Rep. of; Côte d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Eswatini; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia, The; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritius; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; São Tomé & Príncipe; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; South Sudan; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe)
- Regional aggregates and groupings included: Sub-Saharan Africa, Median, Excluding Nigeria and South Africa, Oil-exporting countries (and excluding Nigeria), Oil-importing countries (and excluding South Africa), Middle-income countries (and excluding Nigeria and South Africa), Low-income countries (and excluding low-income countries in fragile situations), Countries in fragile situations, CFA franc zone, CEMAC, WAEMU, COMESA (SSA members), EAC-5, ECOWAS, SACU, SADC
- Time coverage shown in the tables: 2004–08 (aggregate), and annual series for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 (and for selected tables also 2020, 2021)

### Data presentation and metrics
- Broad money growth is reported as percent changes (Table SA14).
- Claims on the nonfinancial private sector are presented both as year-on-year percent change (Table SA15) and as levels relative to GDP (percent of GDP) (Table SA16).
- Exports of goods and services are reported as percent of GDP (Table SA17).
- Country and regional series are presented year-by-year to allow cross-country and temporal comparisons.

*International Monetary Fund | October 2020 — BACKGROUND PAPER: STATISTICAL APPENDIX — Section 5*

### Section 6

### Table SA18. Imports of Goods and Services (Percent of GDP)

### Regional and group averages (2004–08)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 29.1
- Median: 34.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 34.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 24.2
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 37.1
- Oil-importing countries: 32.0
- Middle-income countries: 28.6
- Low-income countries: 31.3
- Countries in fragile situations: 35.7
- CFA franc zone: 30.5
- CEMAC: 33.6
- WAEMU: 27.7
- COMESA (SSA members): 35.0
- EAC-5: 27.5
- ECOWAS: 22.1
- SACU: 32.1
- SADC: 33.6

*Source: backgroundpaper - Section 6*

---

### Table SA19. Trade Balance on Goods (Percent of GDP)

### Regional and group values (2004–08)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.7
- Median: –6.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 5.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 21.9
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 35.0
- Oil-importing countries: –3.8
- Middle-income countries: 8.3
- Low-income countries: –6.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 5.3
- CFA franc zone: 11.7
- CEMAC: 26.8
- WAEMU: –1.3
- COMESA (SSA members): –9.4
- EAC-5: –5.0
- ECOWAS: 8.6
- SACU: –0.6
- SADC: 3.7

*Source: backgroundpaper - Section 6*

---

### Table SA20. External Current Account (Percent of GDP)

### Regional and group averages (2004–08)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 2.1
- Median: 2.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 2.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 2.2
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 2.5
- Oil-importing countries: 1.8
- Middle-income countries: 1.7
- Low-income countries: 3.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 3.6
- CFA franc zone: 3.3
- CEMAC: 5.3
- WAEMU: 1.5
- COMESA (SSA members): 2.5
- EAC-5: 2.2
- ECOWAS: 2.1
- SACU: 1.3
- SADC: 1.5

*Source: backgroundpaper - Section 6*

---

### Table SA21. Net Foreign Direct Investment (Percent of GDP)

### Regional and group inflows (2004–08)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 1.9
- Median: 2.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 2.5
- Oil-exporting countries: 2.2
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 2.5
- Oil-importing countries: 1.8
- Middle-income countries: 1.7
- Low-income countries: 3.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 3.6
- CFA franc zone: 3.3
- CEMAC: 5.3
- WAEMU: 1.5
- COMESA (SSA members): 2.5
- EAC-5: 2.2
- ECOWAS: 2.1
- SACU: 1.3
- SADC: 1.5

*Source: backgroundpaper - Section 6*

### Section 7

### backgroundpaper - Section 7

### Table SA22. Real Effective Exchange Rates (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 94.997.3100.099.5102.7102.9102.8100.397.098.399.4101.7
- Median: 98.8104.1100.0100.199.2100.8101.397.096.296.799.296.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 97.8105.5100.099.6103.2105.2104.2102.8103.0105.7103.2102.9
- Oil-exporting countries: 88.596.2100.0100.8108.8114.9120.9115.9109.3106.3108.4114.5
- Excluding Nigeria: 88.6105.5100.0101.5105.0109.5113.0108.9108.0121.3106.896.5
- Oil-importing countries: 99.298.0100.098.798.795.391.990.689.092.693.293.6
- Excluding South Africa: 101.0105.5100.099.0102.6103.8101.6100.8101.3101.5101.6103.8
- Middle-income countries: 92.894.0100.099.5101.5101.3100.997.393.896.197.799.1
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 94.0101.6100.099.4100.3102.5100.096.598.8105.2100.996.2
- Low-income countries: 103.0110.8100.099.8107.4109.0110.3111.8109.2107.2106.8112.1
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 101.3108.9100.099.5109.3111.7112.6112.2109.9110.2107.9111.7
- Countries in fragile situations: 104.9112.2100.0100.9100.6102.2104.0105.2103.798.5101.7106.0
- CFA franc zone: 101.0106.7100.0100.497.199.6100.494.095.295.597.694.6
- CEMAC: 99.0105.9100.099.996.899.7101.795.797.898.5101.299.6
- WAEMU: 102.5107.4100.0100.997.499.599.592.893.693.595.491.6
- COMESA (SSA members): 100.3108.6100.099.5108.6109.5110.8114.5115.1114.9114.3121.0
- EAC-5: 97.8104.3100.094.0106.1109.2 111.4109.3109.5111.5111.4114.9
- ECOWAS: 92.895.8100.099.9104.9109.9111.6106.9102.896.9102.3108.9
- SACU: 95.487.6100.098.492.882.777.975.971.480.281.578.8
- SADC: 95.194.8100.099.699.193.991.389.184.492.790.387.5

### Table SA23. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 117.3101.6100.095.092.889.686.280.372.568.265.664.1
- Median: 105.4104.8100.099.496.999.397.894.995.593.393.891.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 118.7107.9100.094.293.092.188.783.979.777.172.169.2
- Oil-exporting countries: 116.5104.9100.095.496.096.797.087.773.462.358.356.9
- Excluding Nigeria: 108.6110.8100.097.897.598.698.791.579.979.564.854.6
- Oil-importing countries: 117.699.4100.094.790.785.079.475.571.471.569.968.4
- Excluding South Africa: 122.3106.9100.093.191.590.185.781.679.276.073.672.8
- Middle-income countries: 115.299.2100.095.793.089.285.178.269.265.363.061.1
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 113.7105.4100.095.793.892.887.380.676.075.770.064.6
- Low-income countries: 125.9111.2100.092.392.091.290.788.684.879.275.275.4
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 124.8111.8100.090.991.691.390.586.682.579.475.074.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 117.0108.3100.098.195.195.296.496.395.187.486.787.3
- CFA franc zone: 100.7104.9100.0101.598.3101.7103.897.7101.0103.1107.1106.4
- CEMAC: 100.6104.4100.0101.498.0101.1102.495.999.2101.6105.1104.2
- WAEMU: 100.8105.3100.0101.598.6102.2104.899.1102.3104.3108.6108.0
- COMESA (SSA members): 127.2108.6100.090.491.489.788.286.884.279.074.273.9
- EAC-5: 114.2106.0100.088.292.592.8 92.687.485.784.383.885.9
- ECOWAS: 119.5103.4100.095.193.894.091.182.372.561.961.462.1
- SACU: 109.889.0100.097.389.377.370.166.660.065.665.662.5
- SADC: 115.297.3100.096.392.084.078.874.465.366.861.957.4

### Table SA24. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 18.813.411.611.512.313.113.915.919.721.722.123.428.127.9
- Median: 38.021.020.118.919.820.221.024.724.826.527.326.931.531.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 31.622.319.518.618.119.921.526.228.929.330.732.337.236.9
- Oil-exporting countries: 15.67.86.16.06.17.27.59.513.015.216.716.820.319.6
- Excluding Nigeria: 23.916.916.915.415.518.920.727.635.833.737.443.357.352.9
- Oil-importing countries: 20.917.015.315.317.018.019.521.024.125.625.227.232.632.7
- Excluding South Africa: 34.524.420.620.119.320.321.925.726.827.928.829.633.133.5
- Middle-income countries: 13.910.19.49.510.611.211.913.417.419.820.321.726.926.4
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 24.818.917.917.116.918.821.026.630.130.132.735.442.440.9
- Low-income countries: 42.427.422.121.120.121.622.425.627.328.328.228.631.432.4
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 29.617.219.019.218.821.222.827.429.230.631.331.433.434.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 58.740.828.126.322.021.320.322.523.824.724.425.029.929.4
- CFA franc zone: 30.921.119.217.816.817.817.922.423.226.327.229.134.132.1
- CEMAC: 25.412.213.112.113.715.616.622.824.827.227.227.229.136.133.9
- WAEMU: 35.828.324.623.419.719.719.022.122.125.727.329.033.031.1
- COMESA (SSA members): 37.924.619.519.218.919.020.423.825.726.627.628.531.934.0
- EAC-5: 26.916.517.918.818.719.221.124.225.827.629.030.132.133.5
- ECOWAS: 19.810.97.57.36.36.86.98.510.113.114.714.417.317.1
- SACU: 7.37.99.710.014.114.315.213.218.720.717.921.630.129.4
- SADC: 15.815.113.613.516.217.819.320.626.426.425.729.237.937.1

### Table SA25. Terms of Trade on Goods (Index, 2010 = 100)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 89.591.9100.0109.1109.3108.6106.695.296.8101.9103.7102.2100.5103.6
- Median: 92.192.6100.0102.6108.3104.7104.099.6106.8105.6101.9101.6103.3107.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 88.390.2100.0108.6110.9108.7106.599.8103.2105.5105.6104.2108.2112.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 96.489.1100.0115.0117.0115.5110.479.774.382.693.089.171.576.7
- Excluding Nigeria: 93.783.3100.0120.7125.2119.4109.870.666.077.787.484.562.969.5
- Oil-importing countries: 85.093.7100.0104.8103.4102.9103.2107.7112.1113.4109.8109.9117.7119.5
- Excluding South Africa: 85.792.9100.0103.1104.3103.9105.1110.5115.1114.8111.0109.2117.6121.2
- Middle-income countries: 90.091.7100.0109.8109.1109.0106.191.490.596.099.197.690.793.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 88.888.6100.0110.6111.2109.7105.192.191.493.595.593.989.793.7
- Low-income countries: 87.492.8100.0105.2110.4106.9108.7110.7119.5122.9119.4117.2129.3133.8
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 87.595.7100.0105.4111.4107.3109.7115.1123.6128.2122.3120.2132.5138.3
- Countries in fragile situations: 89.586.7100.0105.9105.2111.0112.9112.6124.0124.5123.2119.5127.8130.8
- CFA franc zone: 93.690.7100.0109.5112.1110.9108.9105.6111.7111.6113.2115.6117.2120.5
- CEMAC: 95.183.1100.0115.6118.2108.8102.175.275.183.691.896.778.583.0
- WAEMU: 91.896.9100.0103.6106.2112.7114.7127.6135.8129.6127.0127.4138.9141.3
- COMESA (SSA members): 84.692.0100.0100.6100.997.7100.1106.5109.8114.5110.6107.1115.2118.6
- EAC-5: 82.1102.1100.094.294.594.195.8106.9101.298.489.294.4104.1102.6
- ECOWAS: 93.792.1100.0110.7111.9112.9110.591.692.196.4103.499.491.797.3
- SACU: 85.594.9100.0106.7103.0103.2102.6106.1109.1112.4108.7112.1118.6115.9
- SADC: 86.591.9100.0108.3106.8106.8104.998.3102.9108.8108.0107.0111.2111.8

*INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | OCTOBER 2020 — BACKGROUND PAPER: STATISTICAL APPENDIX*

### Section 8

### backgroundpaper - Section 8

### Table SA26. Reserves (Months of imports of goods and services)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.25.24.04.65.45.05.16.15.55.45.06.24.13.6
- Median: 3.04.13.73.53.53.73.83.83.53.53.53.93.23.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 3.63.93.64.24.44.24.95.14.84.64.35.44.14.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 7.66.64.45.47.06.15.67.77.17.05.86.93.42.5
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 3.14.45.07.07.56.88.19.510.08.28.311.89.39.5
- Oil-importing countries: 3.54.23.84.04.14.14.74.84.54.54.55.84.64.2
- Oil-importing countries (Excluding South Africa): 3.73.83.33.23.33.33.83.73.73.73.54.43.53.4
- Middle-income countries: 5.65.54.34.95.95.55.66.96.36.05.67.14.63.8
- Middle-income (Excluding Nigeria and South Africa): 4.24.44.35.15.55.36.67.36.75.95.87.85.65.3
- Low-income countries: 2.93.32.73.02.82.82.92.72.83.02.83.12.82.9
- Low-income (Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations): 4.04.03.43.33.33.33.43.53.74.03.74.03.43.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 0.91.81.52.62.01.82.01.31.21.11.11.41.41.8
- CFA franc zone: 4.95.75.75.65.45.05.14.83.33.43.95.14.44.0
- CEMAC: 4.35.44.75.35.75.45.64.42.32.32.73.53.43.7
- WAEMU: 5.45.96.65.85.14.74.75.03.94.04.66.05.04.2
- COMESA (SSA members): 2.53.12.72.83.02.93.53.43.13.13.14.03.13.2
- EAC-5: 4.14.33.73.54.04.14.95.04.95.04.95.64.74.0
- ECOWAS: 8.16.64.14.66.35.54.76.75.85.94.65.52.61.7
- SACU: 4.05.04.44.95.15.36.06.36.05.76.08.26.75.8
- SADC: 3.64.54.24.85.05.05.96.35.95.65.77.55.95.4

### Table SA27. Banking Penetration (Total banking sector assets in percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 41.547.750.049.850.653.654.154.755.254.853.760.6
- Median: 24.430.230.430.431.832.633.836.136.738.438.447.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 39.946.048.848.649.552.853.253.654.353.952.759.8
- Oil-exporting countries: 17.627.425.823.625.026.427.836.339.032.531.140.7
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 15.925.424.922.724.425.827.437.240.132.831.346.1
- Oil-importing countries: 46.450.753.854.855.558.859.058.158.159.458.862.4
- Oil-importing countries (Excluding South Africa): 44.348.752.053.053.857.357.556.156.457.757.160.6
- Middle-income countries: 55.864.967.468.268.570.470.572.971.971.569.582.5
- Middle-income (Excluding Nigeria and South Africa): 54.063.266.667.768.170.470.472.571.871.569.183.6
- Low-income countries: 27.931.333.533.234.438.439.136.738.738.639.143.1
- Low-income (Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations): 22.227.030.231.433.335.839.442.542.843.142.343.7
- Countries in fragile situations: 30.834.135.635.036.440.139.836.438.737.838.544.0

### Table SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (Percent of deposits)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 67.068.568.870.071.372.972.274.778.377.375.271.6
- Median: 66.570.669.474.377.078.076.175.479.080.278.974.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 65.266.967.669.370.572.171.273.777.376.474.470.6
- Oil-exporting countries: 59.063.462.957.358.363.263.266.986.990.186.776.7
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria): 56.160.862.857.458.864.062.966.788.292.690.283.4
- Oil-importing countries: 68.769.670.073.074.375.174.376.676.174.272.471.1
- Oil-importing countries (Excluding South Africa): 67.068.068.571.873.073.873.075.374.872.971.069.7
- Middle-income countries: 67.467.569.070.971.372.772.974.675.875.073.468.9
- Middle-income (Excluding Nigeria and South Africa): 63.863.966.469.469.671.070.972.673.472.971.666.1
- Low-income countries: 66.669.568.669.271.373.071.574.780.879.476.973.9
- Low-income (Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations): 72.580.778.483.683.284.784.081.883.586.983.184.6
- Countries in fragile situations: 64.565.166.364.566.668.765.572.279.576.674.868.6

*INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | OCTOBER 2020*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2020/october/english/backgroundpaper.pdf_