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### Coverage and Timing
- Data and projections are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2021, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2021 World Economic Outlook.
- The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department.
- Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries.

### Country Groupings (nonoverlapping)
- Oil exporters: countries where net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports.
- Other resource-intensive countries: countries where nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports.
- Non-resource-intensive countries: countries not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries.

### Country Groupings (overlapping)
- Oil exporters.
- Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2018–20 of more than $1,045.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method).
- Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2018–20 equal to or lower than $1,045.00 (World Bank, Atlas method).
- Countries in fragile situations: average Country Policy and Institutional Assessment scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peacekeeping or peace-building mission within the last three years.

### Regional Cooperation Groupings (members listed as in source)
- WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union): Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo.
- CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States): Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Republic of, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon.
- COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa): Burundi, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- EAC-5 (East African Community, *EAC-5 includes Rwanda and Burundi only from 2007 in aggregates): Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; with starred entries *Burundi, *Kenya, *Rwanda, *Tanzania, *Uganda shown in the source map/aggregate context.
- SADC (Southern African Development Community): Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- SACU (Southern African Customs Union): Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa.
- ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.

### Methods of Aggregation (by table groups)
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA7, SA13, SA15–SA16, and SA22–SA23:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: World Economic Outlook (WEO) database.
- Tables SA8–SA12, SA17–SA21, and SA24–A26:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP.
- Tables SA4–SA5 and SA14:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: WEO database.
- Tables SA27–SA28:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of data for individual countries.

### Notes and Special Country Treatments
- Fiscal year data: Projections for 2022 are omitted due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty (noted for several tables).
- Zimbabwe: In 2019 authorities introduced the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) dollar, later renamed the Zimbabwe dollar, and are in the process of redenominating their national accounts statistics. Current data are subject to revision. The Zimbabwe dollar previously ceased circulating in 2009; between 2009–19 Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency regime with the US dollar as the unit of account.
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA19, SA21, SA24–25 sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database; and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Tables SA4–SA5 source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Table SA20 source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Tables SA22–SA23 source: IMF, Information Notice System. (An increase indicates appreciation.)
- Table SA26 sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database, and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021. Special notes for WAEMU and CEMAC membership for reserves data.
- Table SA27 source: IMF, International Financial Statistics. (Includes offshore banking assets.)
- Table SA28 source: IMF, International Financial Statistics. (Loan-to-deposit ratio includes deposits and loans of commercial banks to the public sector.)

### Statistical Appendix Contents (tables listed in source)
- SA1. Real GDP Growth
- SA2. Real Non-Oil GDP Growth
- SA3. Real Per Capita GDP Growth
- SA4. Consumer Prices, Average
- SA5. Consumer Prices, End of Period
- SA6. Total Investment
- SA7. Gross National Savings
- SA8. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants
- SA9. Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants
- SA10. Government Revenue, Excluding Grants
- SA11. Government Expenditure
- SA12. Government Debt
- SA13. Broad Money
- SA14. Broad Money Growth
- SA15. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector Growth (Percent change)
- SA16. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent of GDP)
- SA17. Exports of Goods and Services
- SA18. Imports of Goods and Services
- SA19. Trade Balance on Goods
- SA20. External Current Account
- SA21. Net Foreign Direct Investment
- SA22. Real Effective Exchange Rates
- SA23. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates
- SA24. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based
- SA25. Terms of Trade on Goods
- SA26. Reserves
- SA27. Banking Penetration
- SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio

### Selected data highlights and key statistics (preserving source values exactly)

H3: Real GDP Growth (Tables SA1–SA3, selected country rows / aggregates)
- Angola (SA1 selected row): 2004–08 12.5; 2009 0.9; 2010 4.9; 2011 3.5; 2012 8.5; 2013 5.0; 2014 4.8; 2015 0.9; 2016 –2.6; 2017 –0.2; 2018 –2.0; 2019 –0.5; 2020 –5.4; 2021 –0.7; 2022 2.4
- Benin (SA1 selected row): 2004–08 4.2; 2009 2.3; 2010 2.1; 2011 3.0; 2012 4.8; 2013 7.2; 2014 6.4; 2015 1.8; 2016 3.3; 2017 5.7; 2018 6.7; 2019 6.9; 2020 3.8; 2021 5.5; 2022 6.5
- Botswana (SA1 selected row): 2004–08 6.0; 2009 –7.7; 2010 8.6; 2011 6.0; 2012 4.5; 2013 11.3; 2014 4.0; 2015 –5.7; 2016 7.0; 2017 4.0; 2018 4.0; 2019 3.0; 2020 –8.5; 2021 9.2; 2022 4.7
- Sub-Saharan Africa aggregates (SA1 lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 6.3 3.7 6.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0 3.2 1.5 3.0 3.3 3.1 -1.7 3.7 3.8
  - Median: 4.8 3.2 6.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8

H3: Consumer prices (Tables SA4–SA5, regional aggregates)
- Consumer Prices, Annual average (SA4, selected lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.8 9.6 7.9 9.3 9.3 6.5 6.4 6.7 10.3 10.6 8.3 8.2 10.3 10.7 8.6
  - Median: 7.1 7.4 4.3 5.4 6.1 4.9 4.4 3.6 5.2 4.4 3.9 2.7 3.9 4.4 4.6
- Consumer Prices, End of period (SA5, selected lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.9 8.8 7.5 9.9 8.0 6.1 6.1 7.8 11.5 10.0 7.7 9.2 10.7 10.1 7.6
  - Median: 7.4 4.7 4.9 6.8 5.2 4.4 2.6 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 3.8 3.7 4.6

H3: Consumer Prices, End of Period — Key regional series (from Section 3)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 20.1 23.1 22.2 20.8 21.8 21.7 22.4 22.6 21.2 20.7 22.0 23.6 23.4 23.8 23.7
- Median: 21.6 21.3 23.4 22.1 24.6 23.7 23.5 23.5 21.7 20.6 20.2 20.1 22.2 21.2 22.3 23.4
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 22.9 27.5 27.5 24.4 27.3 26.6 27.8 27.8 26.1 25.0 25.1 25.5 25.4 24.4 24.4 24.3
- Oil-exporting countries: 19.7 25.3 21.2 19.2 19.4 19.0 20.2 20.7 19.2 18.3 20.7 24.8 27.9 28.6 27.9

H3: Investment and Savings (SA6–SA7)
- Total Investment (SA6, regional aggregates):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.9 20.2 21.0 19.8 19.6 18.9 18.6 17.2 18.0 18.6 19.7 20.0 20.3 21.5 21.0
  - Median: 15.3 15.4 17.5 15.1 16.8 15.8 15.8 16.8 15.6 16.8 16.7 17.7 17.7 19.1 15.7
  - Oil-exporting countries: 31.6 25.2 24.3 23.5 23.8 22.4 20.3 16.1 18.3 19.9 22.5 22.9 24.6 27.9 26.8
- Gross National Savings (SA7, regional aggregates):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 1.5 –4.3 –3.3 –1.1 –1.8 –3.1 –3.6 –4.2 –4.4 –4.4 –3.5 –3.9 –6.6 –6.0 –5.2
  - Median: –0.5 –2.9 –3.0 –2.4 –2.3 –3.1 –3.2 –4.2 –4.5 –3.2 –3.0 –2.5 –5.3 –5.0 –4.4
  - Oil-exporting countries: 5.4 –5.0 –2.2 2.2 0.5 –2.4 –3.4 –4.4 –5.1 –5.3 –2.6 –3.3 –4.8 –4.4 –4.1

H3: Fiscal and Public Sector Indicators (SA8–SA12, selected aggregates)
- Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants (SA8):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 0.4 –5.2 –4.0 –1.8 –2.4 –3.7 –4.2 –4.8 –4.9 –5.0 –4.0 –4.4 –7.3 –6.5 –5.6
  - Median: –3.3 –5.5 –5.0 –4.1 –4.2 –5.0 –5.9 –6.4 –5.9 –5.2 –5.1 –4.8 –8.7 –8.4 –7.0
  - Oil-exporting countries: 4.9 –5.1 –2.2 2.1 0.3 –2.5 –3.5 –4.5 –5.1 –5.4 –2.6 –3.3 –4.9 –4.5 –4.2
- Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants (Section 4 header numbers):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.1,17.7,19.1,21.4,20.3,18.8,18.1,16.1,15.3,16.3,17.1,16.5,15.0,15.7,15.8
- Government Revenue, Excluding Grants (Section 4):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 20.7,22.9,23.1,23.3,22.8,22.5,22.3,21.0,20.2,21.2,21.2,21.0,21.0,22.2,21.5
- Government Expenditure (Section 4):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 30.6,26.9,25.8,28.0,28.0,30.0,31.0,31.9,37.8,42.2,44.6,47.5,50.4,57.3,56.6,56.4
- Government Debt (Section 4):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 31.6,36.7,35.0,34.0,34.0,33.3,33.9,35.0,35.8,36.1,35.5,35.7,36.4,38.8,36.4

H3: Financial Aggregates and Banking (SA13–SA16, SA27–SA28)
- Broad Money (Section 4 bullets):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 31.6,36.7,35.0,34.0,34.0,33.3,33.9,35.0,35.8,36.1,35.5,35.7,36.4,38.8,36.4
- Broad Money Growth (SA14, selected lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 25.1 15.1 13.9 13.0 16.0 8.6 15.4 13.4 12.6 9.8 12.6 12.0 17.3 14.8 12.5
  - Median: 17.4 16.0 18.9 14.0 14.1 10.9 12.9 11.7 8.8 8.8 10.1 8.7 17.1 10.9 8.7
- Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector Growth (SA15, selected lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 30.2 14.8 5.9 10.8 14.6 16.0 17.8 11.9 11.4 5.0 3.5 14.4 11.0
- Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent of GDP) (SA16, selected lines):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 25.2 29.1 26.3 25.1 25.3 25.6 25.9 26.7 26.3 25.1 23.8 23.9 24.3
- Banking Penetration (SA27, selected aggregates / examples):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 67.0 68.5 68.8 70.0 70.4 72.2 72.1 74.7 78.2 77.2 75.1 73.1 65.9
  - Example: South Africa: 122.8 120.1 120.7 113.2 119.0 118.7 117.3 118.1 117.5 115.6 116.8 114.6 105.5

H3: External Sector (SA17–SA21, SA24–SA26)
- Exports of Goods and Services (SA17, Sub-Saharan Africa): 29.5 26.0 28.3 31.2 28.8 27.5 25.1 21.2 21.1 22.8 24.2 23.3 20.1 22.9 21.8
- Imports of Goods and Services (SA18, Sub-Saharan Africa): 27.5 28.3 28.5 30.4 29.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 25.5 25.3 26.7 27.4 24.2 25.5 25.0
- Trade Balance on Goods (SA19, Sub-Saharan Africa): 2.0 –2.3 –0.8 –0.6 –1.7 –2.2 –3.5 –5.7 –3.5 –2.1 2.4 –3.4 –3.0 –2.2 –2.7
- External Current Account (SA20, Sub-Saharan Africa): 1.8 2.8 2.8 2.0 2.1 1.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4
- Net Foreign Direct Investment (SA21, selected examples):
  - Angola: 79.0 105.1 100.0 103.1 113.7 119.9 125.2 123.2 119.1 147.3 113.0 94.4 72.0
  - Benin: 103.1 106.7 100.0 99.4 97.7 99.0 99.0 97.3 87.5 87.8 88.1 89.9 87.1 90.3
- Real Effective Exchange Rates (SA22, index 2010 = 100, selected aggregates):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 94.4 96.7 100.0 99.5 102.4 102.3 102.1 99.6 96.4 98.0 98.9 101.1 97.0
- Nominal Effective Exchange Rates (SA23, index 2010 = 100, selected aggregates):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 117.1 101.3 100.0 95.0 92.7 89.3 85.8 79.8 72.1 68.1 65.5 64.5 58.0
- External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based (SA24, selected aggregates):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 88.9 91.4 100.0 109.0 108.6 108.3 106.1 94.4 95.8 102.6 104.6 102.1 106.5 113.9 110.7
- Terms of Trade on Goods (SA25, regional aggregate):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 17.7 12.8 11.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.6 15.6 19.1 22.0 21.7 23.1 27.1 26.0 25.3
- Reserves (SA26, Months of imports — regional aggregate):
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 40.2 46.8 49.1 48.8 49.5 52.5 52.9 53.5 54.0 54.2 53.7 55.3 69.8

H3: Additional illustrative country-level series (selected examples drawn from source excerpts)
- SA1 example — Cabo Verde (Real GDP Growth): 2004–08 7.1; 2009 –1.3; 2010 1.5; 2011 4.0; 2012 1.1; 2013 0.8; 2014 0.6; 2015 1.0; 2016 4.7; 2017 3.7; 2018 4.5; 2019 5.7; 2020 –14.8; 2021 4.0; 2022 6.5
- SA18 example — Angola (Imports of Goods and Services): 27.5 34.6 29.5 23.7 36.2 43.7 41.3 38.9 34.9 34.5 32.0 32.5 32.8 31.9 32.2
- SA19 example — Mozambique (Trade Balance on Goods): –8.0 –10.3 –15.1 –23.1 –41.5 –40.5 –36.3 –37.4 –32.2 –19.6 –30.3 –19.6 –27.2 –34.0 –23.0
- SA20 example — Nigeria (External Current Account): 2.1 2.4 1.4 1.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6
- SA26 examples — Selected country reserves (months of imports):
  - Angola: 24.1 62.7 56.5 53.3 50.8 52.8 52.6 64.4 64.2 64.6 53.9 55.9 64.6 64.4
  - Botswana: 53.3 66.6 63.1 55.0 59.5 56.7 54.1 64.4 56.7 58.5 61.0 64.1 68.1
  - Cabo Verde: 90.0 98.5 103.0 111.2 120.6 134.5 137.0 141.1 146.6 148.7 144.4 143.3 176.1
  - Kenya: 36.3 47.3 49.4 51.6 51.9 54.2 62.4 64.1 62.3 60.2 59.8 59.8 64.3
  - South Africa: 104.5 108.5 104.6 104.8 105.0 102.0 104.1 112.1 105.0 104.0 106.1 108.2 122.9

*International Monetary Fund, Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa — Statistical Appendix (October 2021).*

### Section 1

### statisticalappendix - Section 1

### Coverage and Timing
- Data and projections are IMF staff estimates as of September 30, 2021, consistent with the projections underlying the October 2021 World Economic Outlook.
- The data and projections cover 45 sub-Saharan African countries in the IMF’s African Department.
- Note: Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible; in some cases, data limitations limit comparability across countries.

### Country Groupings (nonoverlapping)
- Oil exporters: countries where net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports.
- Other resource-intensive countries: countries where nonrenewable natural resources represent 25 percent or more of total exports.
- Non-resource-intensive countries: countries not classified as either oil exporters or other resource-intensive countries.

### Country Groupings (overlapping)
- Oil exporters.
- Middle-income countries: per capita gross national income in the years 2018–20 of more than $1,045.00 (World Bank, using the Atlas method).
- Low-income countries: average per capita gross national income in the years 2018–20 equal to or lower than $1,045.00 (World Bank, Atlas method).
- Countries in fragile situations: average Country Policy and Institutional Assessment scores of 3.2 or less in the years 2016–18 and/or had the presence of a peacekeeping or peace-building mission within the last three years.

### Regional Cooperation Groupings (members listed as in source)
- WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union): Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo.
- CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States): Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Republic of, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon.
- COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa): Burundi, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- EAC-5 (East African Community, *EAC-5 includes Rwanda and Burundi only from 2007 in aggregates): Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; with starred entries *Burundi, *Kenya, *Rwanda, *Tanzania, *Uganda shown in the source map/aggregate context.
- SADC (Southern African Development Community): Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- SACU (Southern African Customs Union): Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa.
- ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.

### Methods of Aggregation (by table groups)
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA7, SA13, SA15–SA16, and SA22–SA23:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: World Economic Outlook (WEO) database.
- Tables SA8–SA12, SA17–SA21, and SA24–A26:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP.
- Tables SA4–SA5 and SA14:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP.
  - Source of purchasing power parity weights: WEO database.
- Tables SA27–SA28:
  - Country group composites are calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of data for individual countries.

### Statistical Appendix Contents (tables listed in source)
- SA1. Real GDP Growth
- SA2. Real Non-Oil GDP Growth
- SA3. Real Per Capita GDP Growth
- SA4. Consumer Prices, Average
- SA5. Consumer Prices, End of Period
- SA6. Total Investment
- SA7. Gross National Savings
- SA8. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants
- SA9. Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants
- SA10. Government Revenue, Excluding Grants
- SA11. Government Expenditure
- SA12. Government Debt
- SA13. Broad Money
- SA14. Broad Money Growth
- SA15. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector Growth (Percent change)
- SA16. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent of GDP)
- SA17. Exports of Goods and Services
- SA18. Imports of Goods and Services
- SA19. Trade Balance on Goods
- SA20. External Current Account
- SA21. Net Foreign Direct Investment
- SA22. Real Effective Exchange Rates
- SA23. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates
- SA24. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based
- SA25. Terms of Trade on Goods
- SA26. Reserves
- SA27. Banking Penetration
- SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio

### Notes and Special Country Treatments
- Fiscal year data: Projections for 2022 are omitted due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty (noted for several tables).
- Zimbabwe: In 2019 authorities introduced the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) dollar, later renamed the Zimbabwe dollar, and are in the process of redenominating their national accounts statistics. Current data are subject to revision. The Zimbabwe dollar previously ceased circulating in 2009; between 2009–19 Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency regime with the US dollar as the unit of account.
- Tables SA1–SA3, SA6–SA19, SA21, SA24–25 sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database; and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Tables SA4–SA5 source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Table SA20 source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021.
- Tables SA22–SA23 source: IMF, Information Notice System. (An increase indicates appreciation.)
- Table SA26 sources: IMF, Common Surveillance database, and IMF, World Economic Outlook database, October 2021. Special notes for WAEMU and CEMAC membership for reserves data.
- Table SA27 source: IMF, International Financial Statistics. (Includes offshore banking assets.)
- Table SA28 source: IMF, International Financial Statistics. (Loan-to-deposit ratio includes deposits and loans of commercial banks to the public sector.)

### Example Data Excerpt (selected rows from SA1 as presented)
- Angola: 2004–08 12.5; 2009 0.9; 2010 4.9; 2011 3.5; 2012 8.5; 2013 5.0; 2014 4.8; 2015 0.9; 2016 –2.6; 2017 –0.2; 2018 –2.0; 2019 –0.5; 2020 –5.4; 2021 –0.7; 2022 2.4
- Benin: 2004–08 4.2; 2009 2.3; 2010 2.1; 2011 3.0; 2012 4.8; 2013 7.2; 2014 6.4; 2015 1.8; 2016 3.3; 2017 5.7; 2018 6.7; 2019 6.9; 2020 3.8; 2021 5.5; 2022 6.5
- Botswana: 2004–08 6.0; 2009 –7.7; 2010 8.6; 2011 6.0; 2012 4.5; 2013 11.3; 2014 4.0; 2015 –5.7; 2016 7.0; 2017 4.0; 2018 4.0; 2019 3.0; 2020 –8.5; 2021 9.2; 2022 4.7
- Burkina Faso: 2004–08 5.9; 2009 3.0; 2010 8.4; 2011 6.6; 2012 6.5; 2013 5.8; 2014 4.3; 2015 3.9; 2016 6.0; 2017 6.2; 2018 6.2; 2019 6.7; 2020 5.7; 2021 1.9; 2022 6.7
- Burundi: 2004–08 4.4; 2009 3.8; 2010 5.1; 2011 4.0; 2012 4.4; 2013 4.9; 2014 4.2; 2015 –3.9; 2016 –0.6; 2017 0.5; 2018 1.6; 2019 1.8; 2020 –1.0; 2021 1.6; 2022 4.2
- Cabo Verde: 2004–08 7.1; 2009 –1.3; 2010 1.5; 2011 4.0; 2012 1.1; 2013 0.8; 2014 0.6; 2015 1.0; 2016 4.7; 2017 3.7; 2018 4.5; 2019 5.7; 2020 –14.8; 2021 4.0; 2022 6.5
- Cameroon: 2004–08 4.1; 2009 2.2; 2010 3.4; 2011 4.1; 2012 4.5; 2013 5.4; 2014 5.9; 2015 5.7; 2016 4.6; 2017 3.5; 2018 4.1; 2019 3.7; 2020 –1.5; 2021 3.6; 2022 4.6
- Central African Republic: 2004–08 2.8; 2009 2.8; 2010 4.6; 2011 4.2; 2012 5.1; 2013 –36.4; 2014 0.1; 2015 4.3; 2016 4.7; 2017 4.5; 2018 3.8; 2019 3.0; 2020 –1.0; 2021 4.0
- (Additional country rows continue in the full SA1 table as in the source.)

*International Monetary Fund, Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa — Statistical Appendix (October 2021).*

### Section 2

### statisticalappendix - Section 2

### Table SA1. Real GDP Growth (Percent)
- Angola9.37.97.68.78.69.08.9–3.0–2.51.2–0.12.0–4.82.33.4
- Benin4.22.32.13.04.87.26.41.83.35.76.76.93.85.56.5
- Botswana6.0–7.78.66.04.511.34.1–5.77.04.04.03.0–8.59.24.7
- Cabo Verde7.1–1.31.54.01.10.80.61.04.73.74.55.7–14.84.06.5
- Ethiopia11.810.010.611.48.79.910.310.48.010.27.79.06.12.0...
- Gabon1.3–2.36.37.15.35.54.43.92.10.50.83.9–1.81.53.9
- Gambia, The2.76.75.9–8.15.22.9–1.44.11.94.87.26.2–0.24.96.0
- Ghana6.15.77.813.98.47.22.92.13.48.16.26.50.44.76.2
- Nigeria7.78.411.34.94.35.46.32.7–1.60.81.92.2–1.82.62.7
- South Africa4.8–1.53.03.22.42.51.41.30.71.21.50.1–6.45.02.2
- Sub-Saharan Africa6.33.76.95.04.84.95.03.21.53.03.33.1-1.73.73.8
- Median4.83.26.15.15.15.04.73.63.83.94.03.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa6.43.96.46.06.25.85.84.23.44.74.64.70.03.74.8
- Oil-exporting countries8.36.49.24.64.65.35.82.2–1.70.51.21.8–2.42.22.7
- Oil-importing countries5.22.05.45.24.94.74.43.83.44.44.53.9–1.24.54.4

### Table SA2. Real Non-Oil GDP Growth (Percent)
- Angola9.3–2.11.80.55.41.91.8–2.0–5.5–3.2–5.0–3.4–8.1–3.5–0.6
- Benin1.2–0.5–0.70.11.94.23.4–1.00.52.83.83.91.02.63.6
- Botswana3.9–9.46.74.63.210.12.8–7.15.11.91.90.9–10.46.92.5
- Ethiopia9.18.38.99.67.08.28.68.76.38.56.07.34.40.4...
- Gabon–1.5–5.92.43.21.41.50.80.6–0.5–1.8–0.52.5–3.10.22.6
- Gambia, The–0.43.52.8–10.92.1–0.2–4.31.0–1.11.84.13.1–3.11.82.9
- Ghana3.73.42.311.25.94.80.5–0.11.15.84.04.3–1.63.03.5
- Nigeria10.810.012.45.35.98.37.33.6–0.30.52.02.0–1.12.92.6
- South Africa4.8–1.53.03.22.42.51.41.30.71.21.50.1–6.45.02.2
- Sub-Saharan Africa7.24.77.45.35.56.05.53.22.02.93.33.2–1.44.03.9
- Median5.03.26.15.35.15.15.13.73.93.93.93.6–1.33.94.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa6.75.16.66.46.76.46.23.73.74.74.75.00.14.25.0
- Oil-exporting countries10.59.110.76.26.67.96.92.2–0.60.71.51.9–1.93.02.9
- Oil-importing countries5.41.95.24.84.74.84.53.83.64.24.44.0–1.24.64.4

### Table SA3. Real Per Capita GDP Growth (Percent)
- Angola3.9–2.11.80.55.41.91.8–2.0–5.5–3.2–5.0–3.4–8.1–3.5–0.6
- Benin1.3–0.6–0.3–0.2.0–0.1.9–0.2.0–0.8.1.8–0.9.3.03.02.0
- Botswana3.9–9.46.74.63.210.12.8–7.15.11.91.90.9–10.46.92.5
- Burundi1.80.51.90.91.31.81.2–6.7–3.7–2.6–1.3–1.1–3.9–1.31.2
- Gabon–1.5–5.92.43.21.41.50.80.6–0.5–1.8–0.52.5–3.10.22.6
- Gambia, The–0.43.52.8–10.92.1–0.2–4.31.0–1.11.84.13.1–3.11.82.9
- Ghana3.73.42.311.25.94.80.5–0.11.15.84.04.3–1.63.03.5
- Nigeria5.05.58.32.11.52.63.5–0.0–4.2–1.8–0.7–0.4–4.30.10.1
- South Africa3.5–3.01.51.60.80.9–0.1–0.2–0.8–0.30.0–1.3–7.83.40.6
- Sub-Saharan Africa3.91.34.32.52.32.42.50.8–0.80.60.90.8–3.91.41.4
- Median2.80.63.32.83.22.32.60.91.21.31.51.3–3.91.32.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa3.51.13.43.23.43.03.01.60.82.12.02.1–2.41.32.3
- Oil-exporting countries5.33.46.21.71.72.32.9–0.6–4.4–2.2–1.5–0.9–4.9–0.40.1
- Oil-importing countries3.1–0.13.03.12.72.52.21.61.32.22.31.7–3.32.42.1

### Table SA4. Consumer Prices (Annual average, percent change)
- Angola20.913.714.513.510.38.87.39.230.729.819.617.122.324.414.9
- Benin4.00.42.22.76.71.0–1.10.2–0.81.80.8–0.93.03.02.0
- Botswana9.48.16.98.57.55.94.43.12.83.33.22.71.95.85.0
- Burundi11.410.66.59.618.27.94.45.65.51.6–4.0–0.77.35.64.6
- Gabon0.91.91.41.32.70.54.5–0.12.12.74.82.01.32.02.0
- Gambia, The6.24.65.04.84.65.26.36.87.28.06.57.15.97.06.3
- Ghana13.313.16.77.77.111.715.517.217.512.49.87.19.99.38.8
- Nigeria11.612.513.710.812.28.58.09.015.716.512.111.413.216.913.3
- South Africa5.57.14.35.05.65.86.14.66.35.34.64.13.34.44.5
- Sub-Saharan Africa8.89.67.99.39.06.56.46.710.310.68.38.210.310.78.6
- Median7.17.44.35.46.14.94.43.65.24.43.92.73.94.44.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa9.39.36.410.68.85.85.66.49.210.08.08.211.410.38.0
- Oil-exporting countries11.211.412.010.011.07.57.18.617.317.012.211.113.115.812.0
- Oil-importing countries7.58.45.38.97.75.95.95.66.37.16.26.68.78.16.8

### Table SA5. Consumer Prices (End of period, percent change)
- Angola17.314.015.311.49.07.77.512.141.123.718.616.925.122.011.0
- Benin4.2–0.54.01.86.8–1.8–0.82.3–2.83.0–0.10.31.23.02.0
- Botswana9.95.87.49.27.44.13.83.13.03.23.52.22.26.15.0
- Burundi12.54.64.114.911.89.03.77.19.5–4.9–5.95.17.55.14.2
- Gabon1.10.90.72.32.23.31.7–1.24.11.16.31.01.62.02.0
- Gambia, The5.22.75.84.44.95.66.96.77.96.96.47.75.76.56.2
- Ghana13.79.56.98.48.113.517.017.715.411.89.47.810.510.28.4
- Nigeria10.313.911.810.312.08.08.09.618.515.411.412.015.815.012.6
- South Africa6.46.33.56.25.75.45.35.36.74.74.93.73.25.04.5
- Sub-Saharan Africa8.98.87.59.98.06.16.17.811.510.07.79.210.710.17.6
- Median7.44.74.96.85.24.42.64.55.04.04.43.83.75.24.6
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa9.77.47.111.76.95.55.38.010.09.67.09.911.19.86.4
- Oil-exporting countries10.112.010.99.510.36.97.19.720.815.111.511.415.414.010.9
- Oil-importing countries8.36.95.410.26.45.65.36.76.37.15.67.98.28.15.8

*INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | REGIONAL ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA — STATISTICAL APPENDIX (October 2021), Tables SA1–SA5*

### Section 3

### Consumer Prices, End of Period

### Key regional aggregates and group indicators (as reported)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 20.1 23.1 22.2 20.8 21.8 21.7 22.4 22.6 21.2 20.7 22.0 23.6 23.4 23.8 23.7
- Median 21.6 21.3 23.4 22.1 24.6 23.7 23.5 23.5 21.7 20.6 20.2 20.1 22.2 21.2 22.3 23.4
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 22.9 27.5 27.5 24.4 27.3 26.6 27.8 27.8 26.1 25.0 25.1 25.5 25.4 24.4 24.4 24.3
- Oil-exporting countries 19.7 25.3 21.2 19.2 19.4 19.0 20.2 20.7 19.2 18.3 20.7 24.8 27.9 28.6 27.9
  - Excluding Nigeria 26.6 38.9 30.8 25.8 29.5 28.3 30.8 30.1 33.5 28.6 24.9 22.8 23.2 24.2 24.2 25.2
- Oil-importing countries 20.4 21.7 22.8 21.9 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.8 22.5 22.2 22.7 22.9 20.9 21.1 21.2 21.5
- Excluding South Africa 21.8 23.8 26.4 23.9 26.5 26.0 27.1 26.7 25.4 25.0 25.7 26.1 24.4 24.5 24.5 24.1
- Middle-income countries 19.8 23.0 21.5 19.8 20.5 20.3 21.0 21.4 19.6 19.0 20.4 21.9 22.1 22.6 22.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 24.0 30.3 29.1 24.4 27.2 26.4 27.3 27.7 25.1 23.5 23.9 22.6 22.9 21.9 21.9 22.4
- Low-income countries 21.3 23.5 25.1 24.7 27.1 27.0 28.1 27.0 26.8 26.4 27.1 28.7 23.7 24.7 24.6 26.6
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 24.4 26.7 26.6 29.2 32.2 32.0 32.3 31.3 31.2 31.3 32.2 33.8 32.0 31.6 30.2
- Countries in fragile situations 15.6 17.8 22.5 16.1 19.3 20.4 22.4 22.7 20.5 17.6 17.2 17.6 17.6 18.7 19.8
- CFA franc zone 20.3 24.7 25.4 22.1 26.2 26.7 27.5 27.6 25.7 24.3 24.7 24.8 24.2 24.3 25.3 26.3
- CEMAC 25.2 34.5 32.9 29.0 33.5 31.9 33.6 34.3 35.5 31.8 29.0 25.2 25.8 23.8 24.9 26.4
- WAEMU 16.6 17.2 19.7 16.0 16.7 20.4 22.9 23.0 23.4 22.8 23.0 24.4 23.4 24.4 25.5 26.3
- COMESA (SSA members) 18.4 22.0 23.9 24.3 25.2 25.0 26.6 26.7 24.8 25.7 24.4 25.0 21.5 22.0 21.3
- EAC-5 20.2 24.5 24.9 26.1 27.0 28.3 28.4 28.4 25.6 24.5 25.6 26.4 26.9 24.3 25.3 24.9
- ECOWAS 18.7 20.5 20.5 17.1 17.8 17.4 18.2 18.2 18.1 18.1 17.6 21.1 24.3 26.8 27.5 26.8
- SACU 19.1 19.6 18.6 19.6 19.6 19.5 19.7 19.3 19.3 17.3 16.9 16.6 13.8 14.3 15.5
- SADC 21.3 24.4 22.1 22.5 22.5 23.0 23.2 23.8 21.2 20.5 20.9 21.3 20.0 19.8 20.7

*Italicized source attribution provided separately by pipeline.*

---

### SA6. Total Investment (Percent of GDP)

### Regional aggregates and group indicators (as reported)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 21.9 20.2 21.0 19.8 19.6 18.9 18.6 17.2 18.0 18.6 19.7 20.0 20.3 21.5 21.0
- Median 15.3 15.4 17.5 15.1 16.8 15.8 15.8 16.8 15.6 16.8 16.7 17.7 17.7 19.1 15.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 21.4 20.0 23.6 21.8 22.8 21.3 22.2 21.1 20.3 20.3 20.2 21.3 21.4 19.7 20.7
- Oil-exporting countries 31.6 25.2 24.3 23.5 23.8 22.4 20.3 16.1 18.3 19.9 22.5 22.9 24.6 27.9 26.8
  - Excluding Nigeria 33.9 27.9 32.7 32.7 34.1 35.3 31.1 30.2 25.4 22.5 22.3 24.7 22.6 26.3 27.0
- Oil-importing countries 16.2 17.0 18.9 17.3 16.8 16.5 17.5 17.9 17.8 17.8 18.0 18.3 17.8 18.5 17.8
- Excluding South Africa 17.4 17.5 20.7 17.6 18.6 18.1 19.6 19.6 19.8 19.7 19.6 20.3 19.1 19.4 19.3
- Middle-income countries 23.4 21.6 21.7 20.2 20.2 19.2 18.5 17.0 17.6 18.2 19.3 19.4 20.3 21.7 21.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 25.4 23.9 27.5 24.7 26.7 24.0 24.4 23.4 20.8 20.5 21.7 21.0 19.4 20.4 20.6
- Low-income countries 15.3 14.4 18.4 18.1 18.0 17.2 19.0 18.0 19.6 19.7 20.9 21.8 20.9 20.7 20.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 17.9 16.4 19.2 20.1 21.4 20.9 21.9 21.3 24.3 24.0 25.8 26.5 24.2 24.2 25.0
- Countries in fragile situations 11.6 12.5 17.4 14.4 9.1 14.6 16.2 15.1 12.6 12.5 11.7 12.6 12.8 13.8 15.2
- CFA franc zone 18.4 19.6 20.8 21.5 23.8 22.0 22.2 20.2 20.1 18.8 19.3 19.2 20.4 20.6 21.6
- CEMAC 28.7 28.7 30.0 30.0 31.6 35.8 31.7 31.3 22.5 19.2 21.4 22.2 21.2 19.1 24.3
- WAEMU 10.7 12.5 13.8 13.5 14.2 14.7 15.5 18.5 18.5 18.0 18.6 19.4 19.4 19.9 20.3
- COMESA (SSA members) 14.3 16.0 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.6 19.4 20.6 20.8 19.8 19.9 20.5 19.9 17.3 17.6
- EAC-5 15.9 17.2 17.8 16.6 17.8 18.5 18.1 18.4 19.7 19.6 19.9 20.3 17.3 17.6 19.1
- ECOWAS 25.9 22.1 20.9 16.9 16.9 17.7 17.1 15.9 14.1 16.9 18.1 19.9 20.4 22.4 23.2
- SACU 16.2 16.8 17.0 17.5 15.0 15.1 15.1 15.3 15.3 14.9 14.9 13.8 15.4 16.5 14.5
- SADC 19.4 18.5 20.7 21.0 19.0 18.6 19.0 18.4 17.7 17.8 18.3 18.8 19.3 20.6 19.7

*Italicized source attribution provided separately by pipeline.*

---

### SA7. Gross National Savings (Percent of GDP)

### Regional aggregates and group indicators (as reported)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 1.5 –4.3 –3.3 –1.1 –1.8 –3.1 –3.6 –4.2 –4.4 –4.4 –3.5 –3.9 –6.6 –6.0 –5.2
- Median –0.5 –2.9 –3.0 –2.4 –2.3 –3.1 –3.2 –4.2 –4.5 –3.2 –3.0 –2.5 –5.3 –5.0 –4.4
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 1.0 –3.4 –1.9 –0.3 –1.5 –2.9 –4.2 –4.4 –4.5 –4.2 –3.0 –3.2 –5.5 –4.8 –4.0
- Oil-exporting countries 5.4 –5.0 –2.2 2.2 0.5 –2.4 –3.4 –4.4 –5.1 –5.3 –2.6 –3.3 –4.8 –4.4 –4.1
  - Excluding Nigeria 6.6 –4.3 2.3 5.5 1.7 –1.7 –5.3 –5.7 –6.0 –5.2 1.2 0.3 –1.9 0.4 1.3
- Oil-importing countries –0.5 –3.8 –4.0 –3.4 –3.4 –3.6 –3.8 –4.1 –3.9 –3.9 –4.0 –4.3 –7.6 –6.8 –5.7
- Excluding South Africa –1.0 –3.1 –3.5 –3.1 –2.9 –3.4 –3.7 –4.0 –4.1 –3.9 –4.2 –4.1 –6.2 –6.0 –5.1
- Middle-income countries 2.0 –4.6 –3.4 –1.0 –1.7 –3.2 –3.7 –4.4 –4.8 –4.9 –3.7 –4.4 –7.7 –6.7 –5.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 2.2 –3.8 –1.3 0.5 –1.0 –3.2 –4.8 –5.1 –5.6 –5.1 –3.2 –4.0 –7.3 –5.8 –4.6
- Low-income countries –1.2 –2.8 –2.8 –1.8 –2.3 –2.4 –3.2 –3.6 –3.0 –2.8 –2.8 –2.3 –3.4 –3.7 –3.3
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations –1.6 –2.6 –3.1 –2.5 –2.6 –2.8 –3.5 –3.1 –2.7 –3.0 –2.9 –2.7 –3.9 –4.3 –4.0
- Countries in fragile situations 0.6 –1.9 –0.4 0.2 –1.1 –1.7 –3.2 –4.5 –4.2 –3.1 –2.2 –1.5 –3.4 –3.2 –2.6
- CFA franc zone 4.3 –1.7 –0.6 –0.3 –1.0 –2.9 –3.4 –5.0 –5.0 –3.5 –2.0 –1.5 –4.4 –4.2 –3.0
- CEMAC 9.3 –0.8 1.2 2.6 0.4 –3.1 –6.0 –7.4 –7.0 –3.5 0.0 –0.1 –2.0 –1.8 –0.2
- WAEMU –0.1 –2.5 –2.1 –3.0 –2.3 –2.5 –2.7 –3.2 –3.6 –3.6 –3.3 –2.4 –5.7 –5.5 –4.6
- COMESA (SSA members) –1.4 –2.1 –2.5 –2.3 –1.9 –2.8 –3.4 –3.9 –4.1 –4.6 –4.4 –4.7 –5.5 –5.2 –4.4
- EAC-5 –1.5 –3.3 –4.1 –3.1 –3.7 –4.0 –4.5 –5.0 –4.9 –4.6 –4.6 –5.2 –6.0 –6.0 –5.1
- ECOWAS 2.7 –4.7 –4.1 –0.8 –1.3 –3.3 –2.9 –3.8 –4.6 –4.8 –4.3 –4.3 –6.7 –6.7 –6.0
- SACU 0.3 –4.8 –4.7 –3.7 –3.8 –3.5 –3.6 –4.5 –3.8 –4.0 –3.9 –5.0 –10.6 –8.3 –7.0
- SADC 0.3 –4.7 –3.2 –1.7 –2.0 –2.7 –3.9 –4.0 –3.7 –4.1 –2.9 –3.7 –7.6 –6.0 –5.1

*Italicized source attribution provided separately by pipeline.*

---

### SA8. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants (Percent of GDP)

### Regional aggregates and group indicators (as reported)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.4 –5.2 –4.0 –1.8 –2.4 –3.7 –4.2 –4.8 –4.9 –5.0 –4.0 –4.4 –7.3 –6.5 –5.6
- Median –3.3 –5.5 –5.0 –4.1 –4.2 –5.0 –5.9 –6.4 –5.9 –5.2 –5.1 –4.8 –8.7 –8.4 –7.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa –1.6 –5.4 –3.6 –1.9 –2.9 –4.2 –5.5 –5.7 –5.5 –5.2 –3.9 –4.2 –6.7 –5.9 –4.9
- Oil-exporting countries 4.9 –5.1 –2.2 2.1 0.3 –2.5 –3.5 –4.5 –5.1 –5.4 –2.6 –3.3 –4.9 –4.5 –4.2
  - Excluding Nigeria 5.3 –4.6 2.1 5.1 1.2 –2.3 –5.9 –6.3 –6.2 –5.5 0.9 0.0 –2.4 0.1 1.0
- Oil-importing countries –2.0 –5.2 –5.2 –4.5 –4.4 –4.6 –4.8 –5.1 –4.8 –4.7 –4.7 –5.0 –8.5 –7.6 –6.4
- Excluding South Africa –4.2 –5.7 –5.9 –5.2 –4.7 –5.1 –5.4 –5.5 –5.3 –5.1 –5.2 –5.2 –7.5 –7.2 –6.2
- Middle-income countries 1.5 –4.9 –3.6 –1.2 –1.8 –3.4 –3.8 –4.6 –5.0 –5.1 –3.9 –4.6 –7.9 –6.9 –5.9
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 0.7 –4.7 –2.0 0.0 –1.5 –3.7 –5.3 –5.6 –6.1 –5.6 –3.6 –4.4 –7.9 –6.3 –5.1
- Low-income countries –5.9 –6.5 –6.3 –4.9 –5.1 –5.1 –5.9 –5.8 –4.8 –4.6 –4.3 –3.9 –5.3 –5.5 –4.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations –7.2 –6.7 –6.9 –6.1 –5.4 –5.5 –5.7 –4.8 –4.1 –4.4 –4.4 –4.2 –5.7 –6.0 –5.5
- Countries in fragile situations –1.9 –4.2 –2.6 –1.7 –3.1 –4.0 –6.0 –7.1 –6.1 –4.9 –3.6 –2.9 –5.0 –4.7 –3.8
- CFA franc zone 1.2 –3.3 –1.7 –1.5 –2.1 –4.3 –4.8 –6.4 –6.3 –4.9 –3.4 –2.9 –6.0 –5.7 –4.4
- CEMAC 6.9 –1.5 0.7 2.1 –0.2 –3.9 –4.8 –8.1 –7.7 –4.3 –0.7 –0.9 –3.1 –2.6 –0.9
- WAEMU –3.6 –4.7 –3.8 –4.9 –4.0 –4.7 –4.8 –5.1 –5.4 –5.3 –5.1 –4.1 –7.6 –7.5 –6.3
- COMESA (SSA members) –4.4 –4.7 –5.0 –4.2 –3.6 –4.4 –5.0 –5.2 –5.3 –5.5 –5.2 –5.6 –6.5 –6.1 –5.2
- EAC-5 –4.3 –5.8 –6.8 –5.6 –5.8 –5.9 –5.9 –6.0 –5.7 –5.5 –5.3 –5.8 –6.8 –6.9 –5.8
- ECOWAS 1.7 –5.4 –4.7 –1.4 –1.8 –3.7 –3.4 –4.3 –5.1 –5.4 –4.8 –4.9 –7.3 –7.3 –6.6
- SACU 0.3 –4.9 –4.7 –3.8 –3.8 –3.6 –3.7 –4.5 –3.8 –4.0 –3.9 –5.0 –10.7 –8.4 –7.0
- SADC –0.5 –5.4 –3.8 –2.2 –2.5 –3.2 –4.5 –4.4 –4.1 –4.4 –3.2 –4.0 –8.0 –6.3 –5.4

*Italicized source attribution provided separately by pipeline.*

### Section 4

### statisticalappendix - Section 4

### Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 21.1,17.7,19.1,21.4,20.3,18.8,18.1,16.1,15.3,16.3,17.1,16.5,15.0,15.7,15.8
- Median: 13.9,13.2,14.5,16.9,15.6,15.8,15.7,15.0,14.8,14.6,15.7,15.6,15.6,13.8,16.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 18.6,18.2,19.9,21.6,21.3,20.4,19.5,17.5,17.5,16.1,16.3,16.9,16.4,15.3,15.8,16.3
- Oil-exporting countries: 24.4,16.5,18.9,23.9,21.1,17.8,16.2,11.5,8.9,10.4,12.4,11.3,9.4,10.5,10.2
- Excluding Nigeria: 31.4,29.8,33.8,33.3,35.1,33.4,30.7,27.3,21.4,17.1,17.2,20.5,19.9,18.3,19.5,20.1
- Oil-importing countries: 19.2,18.5,19.2,19.6,19.8,19.6,19.7,19.7,19.4,19.6,19.7,19.5,17.9,18.4,19.0
- Excluding South Africa: 13.8,13.9,14.7,15.1,15.8,15.7,16.0,16.0,15.8,16.0,15.8,15.6,14.7,15.0,15.4
- Middle-income countries: 22.9,19.1,20.2,22.9,21.7,19.8,18.9,16.6,15.6,16.8,17.9,17.3,15.5,16.3,16.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 22.7,22.6,24.1,26.1,26.2,25.9,24.2,22.7,19.9,17.5,17.6,18.8,17.3,17.0,17.7,18.0
- Low-income countries: 11.0,11.4,12.9,14.1,14.0,14.3,14.6,14.2,14.2,14.4,14.3,14.1,13.4,13.6,14.2
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 11.1,11.1,11.9,12.3,12.9,13.7,13.8,14.2,14.2,14.5,13.9,14.0,13.0,13.1,13.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 13.7,13.4,16.2,17.4,17.2,16.9,16.6,14.6,14.6,14.6,14.6,15.2,14.9,14.4,14.8,15.7
- CFA franc zone: 18.3,17.3,17.9,18.6,19.5,19.0,18.1,16.2,15.0,15.2,15.6,16.3,15.3,15.4,16.3
- CEMAC: 24.3,22.4,23.1,25.0,25.4,24.6,23.3,18.8,15.9,15.7,17.2,17.4,15.4,16.0,17.3
- WAEMU: 13.2,13.1,13.4,12.4,14.0,14.0,14.1,13.7,14.4,14.5,15.0,14.6,15.6,15.1,15.7
- COMESA (SSA members): 12.4,12.9,14.3,14.3,14.7,15.1,15.1,15.4,15.7,15.4,15.3,15.3,14.5,13.7,14.0,14.5
- EAC-5: 11.1,12.6,13.2,13.2,13.7,13.7,14.0,14.3,14.8,15.3,15.5,15.5,15.3,15.1,14.9,15.5
- ECOWAS: 17.9,10.8,12.5,16.2,14.4,12.1,12.1,11.6,9.1,8.0,9.4,10.6,10.3,9.2,10.0,9.9
- SACU: 25.5,24.6,24.3,24.9,25.4,25.8,26.4,26.4,26.4,26.8,26.8,27.2,25.6,25.6,25.5,26.3
- SADC: 24.6,23.7,24.6,24.6,25.9,26.0,25.4,24.7,23.2,22.1,22.1,23.3,23.0,21.5,21.9,22.5

### Government Revenue, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 20.7,22.9,23.1,23.3,22.8,22.5,22.3,21.0,20.2,21.2,21.2,21.0,21.0,22.2,21.5
- Median: 19.4,20.9,20.9,21.1,22.0,22.7,23.0,22.7,22.7,23.4,20.9,21.6,24.6,23.8,23.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 20.2,23.6,23.5,23.5,23.4,24.2,24.6,25.1,23.2,21.7,21.5,20.8,22.6,22.0,21.2
- Oil-exporting countries: 19.5,21.6,21.1,21.8,20.8,20.4,19.7,16.0,14.0,15.8,15.0,14.6,14.3,15.0,14.5
- Excluding Nigeria: 26.1,34.4,31.3,30.0,32.0,32.3,33.0,32.2,27.6,23.4,22.7,19.6,19.9,20.7,19.2
- Oil-importing countries: 21.3,23.7,24.4,24.4,21.2,24.2,24.2,24.5,24.8,24.2,24.3,24.4,24.5,26.5,25.4
- Excluding South Africa: 17.9,19.6,20.5,20.5,20.3,20.5,21.8,21.4,21.5,21.1,21.1,20.7,22.2,22.2,21.6
- Middle-income countries: 21.4,24.4,23.8,24.0,23.5,23.2,22.7,21.2,20.6,21.9,21.7,21.9,23.5,23.2,22.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 22.0,27.3,26.1,26.1,27.4,27.4,27.9,28.0,25.2,27.5,27.2,24.9,24.9,24.0,23.1
- Low-income countries: 16.9,17.9,19.2,19.2,19.0,19.0,19.4,20.5,20.0,18.9,18.6,18.0,18.7,19.1,18.9
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 18.3,17.8,17.8,18.8,18.4,18.3,19.4,19.0,18.3,18.9,18.3,18.3,18.8,19.1,18.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 15.6,17.6,17.6,18.8,19.1,20.4,22.6,21.6,20.7,19.6,18.7,17.8,19.5,19.6,19.5
- CFA franc zone: 17.1,20.6,19.6,19.6,20.1,21.7,23.4,22.9,22.6,21.3,20.2,19.0,19.2,21.3,20.7
- CEMAC: 17.4,23.9,22.4,22.4,22.9,25.6,28.5,28.2,26.2,26.9,19.9,17.9,18.3,18.6,18.2
- WAEMU: 16.8,17.9,17.2,17.3,18.0,18.8,18.5,19.5,19.5,19.8,20.3,19.7,19.8,22.9,22.0
- COMESA (SSA members): 16.7,17.6,19.3,18.9,18.8,19.7,20.4,20.4,20.9,20.7,20.8,20.5,20.0,20.2,19.7
- EAC-5: 15.4,18.5,20.1,19.3,19.3,19.5,19.9,20.2,20.9,21.0,20.8,21.1,21.1,19.9,21.4
- ECOWAS: 16.2,16.2,17.1,17.0,17.6,15.8,15.8,15.0,13.4,13.2,14.8,15.5,15.2,16.4,16.4
- SACU: 25.2,29.5,29.0,28.7,28.7,29.4,30.1,30.3,28.7,30.6,30.5,32.3,36.3,33.6,33.8,33.3
- SADC: 25.1,29.1,28.4,28.4,28.2,28.5,28.6,29.1,27.6,26.4,26.5,27.0,29.4,28.2,27.9

### Government Expenditure (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 30.6,26.9,25.8,28.0,28.0,30.0,31.0,31.9,37.8,42.2,44.6,47.5,50.4,57.3,56.6,56.4
- Median: 43.1,31.6,30.9,29.9,28.8,33.1,37.6,44.6,44.4,46.7,48.6,50.0,52.4,60.1,59.3,59.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 41.6,37.1,32.9,32.3,29.8,28.9,32.4,36.3,45.5,50.0,51.3,54.9,58.3,63.3,61.3,60.2
- Oil-exporting countries: 21.8,18.9,15.5,19.4,19.4,19.3,21.4,23.1,29.7,36.4,38.4,41.9,43.9,48.4,46.1,44.5
- Excluding Nigeria: 33.6,40.4,29.4,31.3,22.3,30.0,32.6,31.3,27.6,23.4,22.7,19.6,19.9,20.7,19.2
- Oil-importing countries: 35.7,31.8,32.3,33.5,33.9,34.3,39.4,44.0,46.0,48.1,50.7,54.1,61.8,62.6,63.2
- Excluding South Africa: 44.5,35.3,33.3,34.4,33.0,31.7,34.4,37.0,43.5,45.0,50.2,52.9,58.3,58.3,58.7
- Middle-income countries: 26.2,24.4,24.5,27.8,27.8,29.5,29.3,30.8,36.4,41.3,44.7,50.9,59.5,58.6,58.6,58.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 34.1,36.2,32.1,30.2,28.2,31.8,36.4,47.3,53.2,54.9,61.1,60.6,40.7,49.1,36.9,69.7
- Low-income countries: 55.5,38.5,38.5,32.6,29.2,30.0,33.6,43.0,45.4,46.4,48.1,49.0,50.4,50.4,49.0
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 42.7,27.2,29.2,29.2,29.5,30.3,38.4,51.6,47.8,48.8,49.5,50.9,50.4,52.7,53.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 71.2,56.3,40.5,33.0,35.3,28.6,29.6,33.2,39.1,42.2,42.2,41.7,46.1,49.7,46.4,46.3
- CFA franc zone: 38.7,30.4,27.5,27.5,27.2,27.4,29.4,29.0,37.4,42.0,44.4,45.2,47.4,53.8,54.5,53.2
- CEMAC: 36.7,24.8,21.2,21.2,19.8,19.2,22.7,28.3,42.7,49.9,51.0,50.3,52.2,58.2,54.8,51.7
- WAEMU: 40.6,35.0,33.0,34.0,34.2,26.1,27.0,29.5,33.7,36.9,40.2,42.0,44.1,53.5,54.3,54.1
- COMESA (SSA members): 49.6,39.3,34.0,34.0,33.5,33.9,35.6,37.1,44.0,45.6,49.7,51.8,55.8,59.5,57.8,57.5
- EAC-5: 32.2,26.5,30.1,29.1,29.7,31.0,32.9,34.5,39.3,41.3,46.0,47.9,48.9,54.7,54.7,57.8
- ECOWAS: 25.6,17.4,17.1,22.5,21.5,21.1,22.5,22.5,29.9,30.2,33.0,35.4,36.8,44.5,45.3,46.2
- SACU: 26.6,26.4,30.4,33.9,36.2,38.9,41.5,43.8,45.4,45.5,46.8,54.6,66.9,66.9,70.0,70.2
- SADC: 32.0,33.9,31.5,32.6,33.6,36.6,40.2,46.4,50.6,50.7,55.4,61.6,70.2,65.7,66.7

### Government Debt (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 31.6,36.7,35.0,34.0,34.0,33.3,33.9,35.0,35.8,36.1,35.5,35.7,36.4,38.8,36.4
- Median: 17.8,22.6,24.0,24.3,24.4,25.2,25.0,26.8,27.8,27.8,27.2,28.0,28.0,31.2,33.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 20.7,26.2,26.4,26.4,26.0,26.9,28.0,30.1,29.4,28.9,29.2,29.6,32.6,33.0,32.7
- Oil-exporting countries: 16.1,26.4,22.4,24.4,20.8,21.6,23.2,25.6,27.0,25.3,25.3,25.6,25.0,27.4,26.3,26.8
- Excluding Nigeria: 16.4,31.2,26.3,26.3,25.2,25.4,26.8,32.3,31.3,31.1,26.8,26.0,27.5,31.7,29.0,29.2
- Oil-importing countries: 40.4,43.0,43.1,42.4,41.7,41.5,41.1,41.1,42.6,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,45.1,44.5
- Excluding South Africa: 22.0,24.7,26.4,26.4,26.6,26.0,26.9,27.8,29.4,29.4,29.4,30.0,30.1,32.8,33.4
- Middle-income countries: 34.5,40.8,38.2,37.4,37.4,36.1,36.1,36.6,38.7,39.4,38.4,38.5,38.5,41.8,41.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 21.4,30.5,29.4,29.8,28.2,29.8,30.8,33.5,32.6,30.8,30.9,30.8,31.7,36.1,35.3
- Low-income countries: 19.8,20.3,22.2,21.8,22.4,22.9,24.4,25.8,25.4,26.4,27.2,27.1,28.8,29.9,29.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 21.2,20.7,22.6,22.6,22.5,22.9,24.2,24.5,25.6,26.2,27.2,27.3,28.3,29.8,29.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 14.5,17.4,18.9,19.4,19.4,20.1,20.3,21.1,22.5,22.3,22.1,22.5,24.7,25.8,26.0
- CFA franc zone: 14.7,17.8,19.0,20.0,20.0,21.0,21.0,21.7,23.1,23.4,23.2,23.8,24.6,28.1,29.3
- CEMAC: 13.9,17.0,17.0,17.8,18.6,19.4,20.8,21.3,22.7,22.3,21.4,21.8,22.3,26.2,27.2,28.5
- WAEMU: 15.3,18.4,19.9,21.2,20.4,21.2,21.2,20.0,23.4,24.1,24.3,25.0,25.8,29.1,29.6
- COMESA (SSA members): 24.5,25.5,27.6,27.7,27.7,27.7,29.0,31.3,30.8,31.9,32.9,32.1,34.4,36.1,35.1
- EAC-5: 20.1,23.7,26.7,26.7,26.2,26.4,27.0,28.1,29.1,27.7,27.4,27.3,26.9,29.1,29.6
- ECOWAS: 16.1,22.9,21.0,19.9,21.4,20.1,21.6,22.9,25.3,24.9,25.3,24.8,27.4,27.3,27.7
- SACU: 63.2,68.4,66.8,66.8,66.2,64.9,63.4,63.5,65.6,64.3,64.4,65.6,72.9,71.1,70.4
- SADC: 48.2,54.4,51.9,51.9,51.4,49.8,48.9,49.0,51.5,50.1,49.1,49.0,54.9,53.9,53.2

### Broad Money (Percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 31.6,36.7,35.0,34.0,34.0,33.3,33.9,35.0,35.8,36.1,35.5,35.7,36.4,38.8,36.4
- Median: 17.8,22.6,24.0,24.3,24.4,25.2,25.0,26.8,27.8,27.8,27.2,28.0,28.0,31.2,33.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 20.7,26.2,26.4,26.4,26.0,26.9,28.0,30.1,29.4,28.9,29.2,29.6,32.6,33.0,32.7
- Oil-exporting countries: 16.1,26.4,22.4,24.4,20.8,21.6,23.2,25.6,27.0,25.3,25.3,25.6,25.0,27.4,26.3
- Excluding Nigeria: 16.4,31.2,26.3,26.3,25.2,25.4,26.8,32.3,31.3,31.1,26.8,26.0,27.5,31.7,29.0
- Oil-importing countries: 40.4,43.0,43.1,42.4,41.7,41.5,41.1,41.1,42.6,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,45.1,44.5
- Excluding South Africa: 22.0,24.7,26.4,26.4,26.6,26.0,26.9,27.8,29.4,29.4,29.4,30.0,30.1,32.8,33.4
- Middle-income countries: 34.5,40.8,38.2,37.4,37.4,36.1,36.1,36.6,38.7,39.4,38.4,38.5,38.5,41.8,41.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 21.4,30.5,29.4,29.8,28.2,29.8,30.8,33.5,32.6,30.8,30.9,30.8,31.7,36.1,35.3
- Low-income countries: 19.8,20.3,22.2,21.8,22.4,22.9,24.4,25.8,25.4,26.4,27.2,27.1,28.8,29.9,29.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 21.2,20.7,22.6,22.6,22.5,22.9,24.2,24.5,25.6,26.2,27.2,27.3,28.8,29.9,29.4
- Countries in fragile situations: 14.5,17.4,18.9,19.4,19.4,20.1,20.3,21.1,22.5,22.3,22.1,22.5,24.7,25.8,26.0
- CFA franc zone: 14.7,17.8,19.0,20.0,20.0,21.0,21.0,21.7,23.1,23.4,23.2,23.8,24.6,28.1,29.3
- CEMAC: 13.9,17.0,17.0,17.8,18.6,19.4,20.8,21.3,22.7,22.3,21.4,21.8,22.3,26.2,27.2,28.5
- WAEMU: 15.3,18.4,19.9,21.2,20.4,21.2,21.2,20.0,23.4,24.1,24.3,25.0,25.8,29.1,29.6
- COMESA (SSA members): 24.5,25.5,27.6,27.7,27.7,27.7,29.0,31.3,30.8,31.9,32.9,32.1,34.4,36.1,35.1
- EAC-5: 20.1,23.7,26.7,26.7,26.2,26.4,27.0,28.1,29.1,27.7,27.4,27.3,26.9,29.1,29.6
- ECOWAS: 16.1,22.9,21.0,19.9,21.4,20.1,21.6,22.9,25.3,24.9,25.3,24.8,27.4,27.3,27.7
- SACU: 63.2,68.4,66.8,66.8,66.2,64.9,63.4,63.5,65.6,64.3,64.4,65.6,72.9,71.1,70.4
- SADC: 48.2,54.4,51.9,51.9,51.4,49.8,48.9,49.0,51.5,50.1,49.1,49.0,54.9,53.9,53.2

*Italic: Source — statisticalappendix - Section 4 (statisticalappendix.pdf).*

### Section 5

### statisticalappendix - Section 5

### Broad Money Growth (Table SA14)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 25.115.113.913.016.08.615.413.412.69.812.612.017.314.812.5
- Median 17.416.018.914.014.110.912.911.78.88.810.18.717.110.98.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 23.121.622.021.114.414.316.315.69.911.414.117.021.916.312.9
- Oil-exporting countries 37.416.58.89.923.63.817.710.919.16.715.29.714.715.916.4
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria) 38.515.113.626.212.310.411.78.97.81.215.318.217.614.411.9
- Oil-importing countries 18.814.317.315.011.211.813.915.19.011.611.113.318.814.210.4
- Excluding South Africa 18.723.824.819.615.115.617.717.610.514.213.816.722.916.713.1
- Middle-income countries 26.612.110.511.215.27.214.812.312.37.211.49.314.713.011.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 25.717.417.721.611.214.615.314.46.86.112.414.119.212.910.4
- Low-income countries 19.527.728.220.519.013.817.617.213.818.216.120.425.120.115.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 19.218.925.320.719.914.219.518.612.716.515.114.415.819.115.5
- Countries in fragile situations 18.436.930.120.710.611.414.313.410.813.214.528.938.916.412.6
- CFA franc zone 14.316.219.214.510.49.410.08.52.82.88.610.715.69.28.5
- CEMAC 18.69.222.316.118.47.46.1–0.4–3.90.67.86.210.013.58.9
- WAEMU 11.221.916.913.34.510.913.014.57.04.29.113.218.67.08.3
- COMESA (SSA members) 19.025.427.021.519.018.017.217.511.820.217.619.327.022.615.9
- EAC-5 18.416.527.716.713.912.615.915.75.69.19.29.213.611.810.2
- ECOWAS 30.219.012.08.522.95.020.313.619.58.913.69.916.714.515.1
- SACU 18.83.17.18.25.46.47.110.86.36.45.76.39.48.44.6
- SADC 24.012.011.514.78.110.210.612.88.29.210.114.419.613.18.6

### Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector Growth (Table SA15)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 30.214.85.910.814.616.017.811.911.45.03.514.411.0
- Median 21.113.217.421.917.214.414.312.08.24.97.27.15.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 29.522.321.123.519.917.116.918.39.78.510.113.912.7
- Oil-exporting countries 44.520.0–5.71.912.920.922.06.715.9–1.1–5.419.510.0
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria) 42.434.518.821.919.818.88.114.55.7–0.37.811.7–2.0
- Oil-importing countries 23.011.713.916.915.813.015.115.38.78.79.011.611.6
- Excluding South Africa 26.018.921.723.920.016.619.719.410.810.910.714.516.3
- Middle-income countries 30.912.11.58.012.616.317.89.610.12.70.312.26.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 30.819.717.824.617.918.716.316.85.35.37.08.23.8
- Low-income countries 27.726.226.225.822.022.815.017.720.415.412.613.920.923.7
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 30.014.523.922.320.913.517.822.314.314.512.918.817.7
- Countries in fragile situations 20.940.427.017.322.717.718.019.115.99.414.218.326.9
- CFA franc zone 15.214.016.019.710.818.113.713.59.56.96.23.94.7
- CEMAC 6.47.98.09.49.311.011.913.114.213.613.312.513.6
- WAEMU 13.816.614.211.412.316.813.517.211.511.47.07.55.7
- COMESA (SSA members) 28.021.224.927.522.013.618.019.510.413.713.221.425.8
- EAC-5 26.512.925.129.114.214.619.118.97.03.75.68.38.0
- ECOWAS 37.315.4–4.52.012.321.626.48.617.52.9–3.717.212.1
- SACU 19.42.73.77.69.97.77.88.15.14.45.65.61.2
- SADC 27.615.19.914.515.310.89.312.54.94.37.811.67.4

### Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector (Percent of GDP) (Table SA16)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 25.229.126.325.125.325.625.926.726.325.123.823.924.3
- Median 9.111.913.513.214.314.815.315.816.116.214.314.215.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 11.415.515.916.116.817.818.219.819.018.217.417.317.8
- Oil-exporting countries 10.518.313.611.611.812.914.014.615.213.411.211.712.2
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria) 7.015.914.413.014.516.015.818.216.814.613.313.012.5
- Oil-importing countries 33.435.634.233.934.033.933.734.533.031.931.130.731.0
- Excluding South Africa 12.715.416.317.117.518.319.020.219.519.118.418.319.0
- Middle-income countries 29.133.529.928.828.629.129.330.430.328.827.427.628.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 13.219.018.919.720.121.522.024.423.422.321.020.921.3
- Low-income countries 8.810.611.611.512.112.412.913.913.613.213.113.114.0
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 9.611.312.112.112.212.513.114.314.113.913.814.315.1
- Countries in fragile situations 8.110.011.010.912.012.413.014.214.414.314.313.714.8
- CFA franc zone 10.012.112.713.713.815.516.417.719.019.419.319.220.1
- CEMAC 6.47.98.09.49.311.011.913.114.213.613.312.513.6
- WAEMU 12.314.915.816.716.918.519.220.721.822.822.822.923.5
- COMESA (SSA members) 12.715.116.517.517.918.518.819.818.418.116.916.917.8
- EAC-5 11.515.316.918.418.519.521.122.421.520.219.318.919.5
- ECOWAS 11.617.413.512.111.912.914.414.816.015.113.413.914.8
- SACU 58.862.458.957.859.058.358.359.157.456.356.356.958.4
- SADC 41.845.743.042.242.942.441.843.341.139.438.538.538.8

### Exports of Goods and Services (Percent of GDP) (Table SA17)
- Sub-Saharan Africa 29.526.028.331.228.827.525.121.221.122.824.223.320.122.921.8
- Median 23.920.422.425.626.925.326.225.125.526.127.026.924.826.026.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 32.730.233.937.334.332.330.125.424.325.026.825.522.525.525.7
- Oil-exporting countries 38.230.032.736.731.728.623.416.115.519.723.122.315.119.016.9
- Oil-exporting countries (Excluding Nigeria) 57.751.655.858.751.747.441.430.328.930.838.838.831.838.937.6
- Oil-importing countries 25.023.625.527.426.726.726.525.124.724.624.823.922.724.924.6
- Excluding South Africa 23.522.425.327.226.325.524.923.622.823.123.422.220.622.723.1
- Middle-income countries 31.327.829.632.130.328.725.921.721.523.625.024.420.223.221.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa 39.638.341.243.941.938.535.629.927.728.330.930.224.928.728.8
- Low-income countries 20.117.821.626.722.022.421.619.319.520.221.319.719.821.822.0
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations 16.215.117.119.319.318.517.516.915.916.616.915.714.415.4
- Countries in fragile situations 31.929.433.939.631.231.030.025.026.427.729.328.127.931.330.6
- CFA franc zone 36.033.236.839.538.334.732.527.825.426.627.827.623.626.226.2
- CEMAC 49.643.549.152.749.845.141.932.828.531.335.134.326.632.832.4
- WAEMU 24.524.826.127.027.325.424.524.323.323.623.123.521.922.422.7
- COMESA (SSA members) 21.819.924.826.424.323.923.020.319.319.220.318.116.519.620.3
- EAC-5 14.916.418.019.618.717.216.316.615.414.814.713.812.312.813.6
- ECOWAS 26.320.923.025.423.321.117.714.514.818.519.719.915.817.516.0
- SACU 28.126.326.928.728.129.830.729.029.628.328.428.028.030.228.8
- SADC 32.230.231.934.033.233.632.428.528.728.130.028.927.430.629.7

*Source: statisticalappendix - Section 5*

### Section 6

### statisticalappendix - Section 6

### SA18. Imports of Goods and Services (Percent of GDP)
- Angola: 27.5 34.6 29.5 23.7 36.2 43.7 41.3 38.9 34.9 34.5 32.0 32.5 32.8 31.9 32.2
- Gambia, The: 27.9 26.0 26.3 25.8 27.9 26.9 32.9 32.9 33.2 31.6 37.0 37.3 39.0 36.7 43.9 48.8
- Ghana: 28.8 31.8 32.3 36.2 38.7 35.3 35.4 42.0 36.6 36.6 34.5 39.4 35.8 34.7 34.7
- Guinea: 24.2 21.1 25.4 43.2 44.4 31.6 33.1 30.7 59.7 47.7 45.7 44.5 37.2 64.6 54.5 44.4
- Kenya: 20.3 26.6 29.8 35.1 31.8 29.7 29.6 25.1 21.6 23.3 21.9 20.3 17.6 19.4 20.1
- Lesotho: 113.5 112.5 106.2 104.0 105.9 91.3 87.6 91.8 92.4 102.4 98.8 99.8 98.8 102.7 98.6
- Mozambique: 34.8 37.5 42.6 53.0 75.8 76.6 69.1 66.8 66.5 62.0 62.1 70.8 62.2 59.7 65.0 62.3
- South Sudan: .........30.4 34.1 29.9 29.3 22.7 59.1 81.9 59.4 77.6 90.6 124.8 101.4
- Zimbabwe: 32.0 37.6 53.5 65.8 49.0 44.0 40.6 36.1 30.1 28.2 32.5 27.6 23.6 22.9 22.0
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 27.5 28.3 28.5 30.4 29.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 25.5 25.3 26.7 27.4 24.2 25.5 25.0
- Median: 32.1 33.9 33.5 35.1 35.1 36.0 36.4 34.4 34.9 33.7 34.5 34.1 32.8 35.2 34.5
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 32.8 37.1 37.2 37.7 37.6 36.6 36.4 35.1 31.9 30.2 31.2 30.1 28.7 30.1 29.8
- Oil-exporting countries: 24.2 27.3 26.1 27.4 23.9 21.9 22.0 22.8 17.6 18.6 21.1 24.9 20.0 21.2 19.2
- Oil-importing countries: 29.3 28.9 30.1 32.5 33.8 34.2 33.8 32.7 30.5 29.2 29.9 28.7 26.4 27.8 28.3
- Middle-income countries: 26.9 27.7 27.3 29.0 28.0 27.2 26.9 26.0 23.6 23.9 25.4 26.9 22.7 23.9 23.4
- Low-income countries: 30.8 31.0 35.3 37.3 37.4 36.0 35.4 33.6 32.2 30.4 31.5 28.9 28.5 30.7 30.1
- Countries in fragile situations: 34.8 36.2 40.7 39.8 38.7 37.0 37.6 35.7 37.2 33.9 35.2 32.5 32.7 34.8 33.8
- CFA franc zone: 36.3 31.3 33.2 30.6 32.1 32.5 32.2 32.2 32.9 32.7 28.4 27.7 25.1 26.7 26.7

### SA19. Trade Balance on Goods (Percent of GDP)
- Angola: 12.3 –10.8 9.0 11.7 10.8 6.1 –2.6 –8.8 –3.1 –0.5 7.3 6.1 1.5 7.3 5.7
- Ghana: –5.9 –4.0 –6.4 –6.6 –8.6 –9.0 –6.8 –5.7 –5.1 –3.3 –3.0 –2.7 –3.1 –2.2 –3.5
- Mozambique: –8.0 –10.3 –15.1 –23.1 –41.5 –40.5 –36.3 –37.4 –32.2 –19.6 –30.3 –19.6 –27.2 –34.0 –23.0
- Nigeria: 14.0 4.7 3.6 2.6 3.8 3.7 0.2 –3.1 1.3 3.4 1.5 –3.3 –4.0 –3.2 –2.2
- São Tomé & Príncipe: –2.0 –25.9 –22.8 –27.9 –21.8 –14.5 –20.7 –12.0 –6.1 –13.2 –12.3 –12.1 –14.1 –11.3 –7.5
- Seychelles: –13.7 –14.8 –19.4 –23.0 –21.1 –11.9 –23.1 –18.6 –20.6 –19.6 –18.9 –16.1 –29.5 –28.9 –24.1
- South Africa: –3.8 –2.4 –1.3 –2.0 –4.7 –5.3 –4.7 –4.2 –2.6 –2.3 –3.2 –2.7 2.0 2.9 –0.9
- Zimbabwe: 0.3 –7.6 –13.7 –19.5 –13.3 –13.9 –12.0 –8.0 –3.4 –1.2 –5.9 4.7 5.8 4.9 3.8
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 2.0 –2.3 –0.8 –0.6 –1.7 –2.2 –3.5 –5.7 –3.5 –2.1 2.4 –3.4 –3.0 –2.2 –2.7
- Median: –3.9 –6.9 –6.5 –5.8 –6.6 –5.9 –6.7 –6.3 –5.3 –4.8 –3.9 –4.3 –4.6 –5.2 –4.9
- Oil-exporting countries: 12.4 0.5 3.5 4.8 4.7 3.5 –0.6 –5.1 –1.3 1.3 1.8 –2.0 –3.5 –1.9 –1.4
- Oil-importing countries: –3.6 –4.0 –3.6 –4.2 –6.4 –6.8 –6.1 –6.2 –4.9 –4.1 –4.8 –4.2 –2.7 –2.4 –3.4
- Middle-income countries: 3.3 –1.0 0.6 0.8 0.1 –0.5 –2.2 –4.7 –2.2 –1.0 –1.2 –2.7 –2.1 –1.0 –1.8
- Low-income countries: –5.1 –8.0 –8.2 –7.0 –10.2 –10.1 –9.2 –9.6 –8.1 –6.3 –6.7 –5.6 –5.5 –6.0 –5.4

### SA20. External Current Account (Percent of GDP)
- Angola: –0.5 3.1 –5.5 –4.6 –7.5 –9.6 –1.6 7.7 –0.4 –7.2 –6.4 –2.1 3.4 –6.1 –3.6
- Ghana: 2.1 8.4 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.1 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.4 4.3 4.8 1.9 3.4 3.5
- Guinea: 4.0 2.1 2.2 5.6 8.8 1.6 0.7 3.0 18.6 12.7 15.9 9.0 6.1 3.9 7.5
- Mauritius: 1.5 2.3 13 8.4 –8.3 48.6 9.9 15 9 138.5 66.1 189.3 10.3 14.3 25.9 24.7 37.3
  (note: values as listed: "Mauritius1.52.3138.4–8.348.69.9159.138.566.1189.310.314.325.924.737.3")
- Mozambique: 3.5 7.5 9.2 24.8 34.4 36.4 27.7 24.2 25.9 17.3 18.2 14.4 16.7 11.6 8.7
- Nigeria: 2.1 2.4 1.4 1.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6
- São Tomé & Príncipe: 17.1 8.1 25.6 13.5 8.6 1.5 4.4 7.2 6.4 8.8 5.1 7.0 4.1 5.7 5.8
- Seychelles: 11.8 20.2 19.2 19.5 23.8 12.2 16.1 10.8 8.4 13.6 20.6 15.0 16.0 14.2 11.9
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 1.8 2.8 2.8 2.0 2.1 1.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4
- Median: 2.1 2.9 3.0 2.3 2.8 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.3 1.6 2.0 1.9
- Oil-exporting countries: 2.2 3.3 1.1 2.0 1.0 –0.6 0.7 2.5 1.4 –0.6 –0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5
- Oil-importing countries: 1.7 2.5 3.8 2.5 3.5 2.8 4.3 2.2 2.7 3.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.9
- Middle-income countries: 1.6 2.7 2.4 1.4 1.2 0.4 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0
- Low-income countries: 3.1 3.2 4.5 4.8 5.9 5.0 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.5 2.7 3.0 2.7
- Countries in fragile situations: 3.6 2.9 4.6 2.9 3.4 2.5 2.8 3.9 4.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.5

### SA21. Net Foreign Direct Investment (Percent of GDP)
- Angola: 79.0 105.1 100.0 103.1 113.7 119.9 125.2 123.2 119.1 147.3 113.0 94.4 72.0
- Benin: 103.1 106.7 100.0 99.4 97.7 99.0 99.0 97.3 87.5 87.8 88.1 89.9 87.1 90.3
- Botswana: 92.0 91.8 100.0 100.0 100.1 97.4 92.6 89.8 89.6 87.7 92.1 93.0 92.3 88.0
- Burkina Faso: 102.1 109.4 100.0 100.0 98.3 100.5 101.7 95.8 96.0 96.0 96.7 99.9 94.1 96.5
- Burundi: 87.5 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.9 102.7 100.6 104.4 117.9 119.4 129.7 118.3 114.7 116.1
- Cabo Verde: 97.4 101.7 100.0 101.6 99.1 101.6 100.9 97.3 96.3 96.4 96.4 97.4 96.6 97.2
- Cameroon: 102.3 106.5 100.0 100.0 96.5 98.9 99.9 99.7 93.5 95.6 96.5 96.5 97.9 99.9
- Central African Rep.: 97.3 106.6 100.0 98.4 97.5 105.2 119.9 113.0 119.4 124.3 127.9 127.3 131.7
- Chad: 98.8 109.9 100.0 99.2 100.0 100.6 101.1 96.9 96.4 95.5 99.6 95.2 100.0
- Comoros: 106.2 104.1 100.0 101.3 98.4 99.4 99.4 98.1 90.6 92.3 91.7 95.4 95.3 97.1

_Italic: Data excerpt from statisticalappendix - Section 6 (INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | OCTOBER 2021) provided in the source PDF._

### Section 7

### Table SA22. Real Effective Exchange Rates
### Key aggregate series (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 94.4 96.7 100.0 99.5 102.4 102.3 102.1 99.6 96.4 98.0 98.9 101.1 97.0
- Median: 97.9 104.1 100.0 100.1 99.5 100.8 101.3 97.0 96.3 96.7 99.6 99.6 97.2
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 96.5 104.3 100.0 99.5 102.9 104.8 103.9 102.5 102.8 105.8 103.0 102.4 100.4
- Oil-exporting countries: 88.5 96.2 100.0 100.8 108.8 114.9 120.9 115.9 109.4 106.2 108.4 114.8 107.4
- Excluding Nigeria: 88.6 105.5 100.0 101.5 105.0 109.5 113.0 108.9 108.0 121.3 106.9 96.7 85.8
- Oil-importing countries: 98.2 96.9 100.0 98.7 98.3 94.6 91.3 90.0 88.4 92.4 92.4 92.7 90.3
- Excluding South Africa: 99.2 103.9 100.0 98.9 102.3 103.4 101.2 100.5 101.1 101.7 101.4 103.0 103.4
- Middle-income countries: 93.2 94.1 100.0 99.4 101.3 100.8 100.3 96.7 93.9 95.3 95.7 96.9 92.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 94.5 102.0 100.0 99.3 100.3 102.6 100.1 96.5 98.8 104.8 99.8 95.8 91.4
- Low-income countries: 99.4 107.6 100.0 99.7 106.8 108.2 109.7 111.8 109.1 108.1 108.0 112.3 113.6
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 101.7 109.4 100.0 99.5 110.1 112.6 113.6 114.0 111.7 111.8 109.2 114.0 114.3
- Countries in fragile situations: 97.1 105.0 100.0 100.7 98.8 100.0 101.8 103.2 101.5 98.6 102.7 103.4 107.7
- CFA franc zone: 101.0 106.7 100.0 100.4 97.1 99.6 100.4 94.0 95.3 95.5 97.7 94.9 98.4
- CEMAC: 99.1 105.9 100.0 99.9 96.6 98.9 99.7 101.7 95.7 97.8 98.5 101.2 99.8 103.6
- WAEMU: 102.5 107.4 100.0 100.0 97.7 99.4 99.5 99.5 92.8 93.6 93.5 95.6 95.6 95.3
- COMESA (SSA members): 96.5 105.0 100.0 99.3 107.5 108.2 109.7 113.4 114.0 114.8 114.8 120.1 118.6
- EAC-5: 98.5 105.0 100.0 94.1 106.3 109.4 111.7 109.8 110.1 111.9 111.8 116.3 117.7
- ECOWAS: 92.8 95.9 100.0 99.9 104.9 109.9 111.5 106.8 102.8 96.8 101.5 108.3 106.4
- SACU: 95.7 87.8 100.0 98.4 92.8 82.7 77.8 75.7 70.4 71.4 80.1 81.4 78.9 71.8
- SADC: 93.7 93.3 100.0 99.5 98.4 92.9 90.3 88.1 83.5 92.0 90.2 86.9 79.0

*Italic source attribution: See sources and notes on page 4 (Table SA22. Real Effective Exchange Rates)*

### Table SA23. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates
### Key aggregate series (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 117.1 101.3 100.0 95.0 92.7 89.3 85.8 79.8 72.1 68.1 65.5 64.5 58.0
- Median: 105.4 104.8 100.0 99.4 96.9 99.3 97.8 94.9 95.5 93.9 93.8 91.8 89.1
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 118.6 107.8 100.0 94.2 92.8 91.8 88.4 83.7 79.4 76.8 72.0 69.1 64.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 116.5 104.9 100.0 95.4 96.0 97.6 97.0 87.7 73.4 62.3 58.3 56.9 48.4
- Excluding Nigeria: 108.6 110.8 100.0 97.8 97.5 98.6 98.7 97.9 79.5 79.6 64.9 54.9 44.0
- Oil-importing countries: 117.2 99.1 100.0 94.8 90.6 84.6 79.5 75.1 70.9 71.2 69.7 68.1 63.9
- Excluding South Africa: 122.1 106.9 100.0 93.1 91.4 89.8 85.5 81.3 78.8 75.7 73.3 72.0 69.4
- Middle-income countries: 114.9 99.0 100.0 95.8 93.0 89.0 84.8 78.6 69.3 65.6 63.6 61.5 54.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 113.3 105.4 100.0 95.7 93.9 93.1 87.7 81.0 76.7 74.6 70.9 65.6 59.3
- Low-income countries: 126.7 111.4 100.0 92.1 91.5 90.2 89.6 88.7 83.4 77.8 73.6 70.6 70.6
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 126.2 112.1 100.0 90.3 91.3 90.9 89.8 69.9 86.2 81.9 78.5 73.8 69.5
- Countries in fragile situations: 116.8 108.3 100.0 98.0 94.4 93.6 94.6 94.4 92.7 85.3 84.7 85.3 86.1
- CFA franc zone: 100.7 104.9 100.0 101.5 98.3 101.7 103.8 97.7 101.0 103.1 107.1 106.4 110.2
- CEMAC: 100.6 104.4 100.0 101.4 98.0 101.1 102.4 95.9 99.2 101.6 105.1 104.2 107.6
- WAEMU: 100.8 105.3 100.0 101.5 98.6 102.2 104.8 99.1 102.3 104.3 108.6 108.0 111.9
- COMESA (SSA members): 126.5 108.5 100.0 90.4 91.2 89.1 87.6 86.1 83.3 78.3 73.3 67.3 67.4
- EAC-5: 113.9 105.9 100.0 88.2 92.6 93.0 92.8 87.6 86.0 84.5 84.1 86.2 85.8
- ECOWAS: 119.5 103.4 100.0 95.1 93.8 94.0 91.0 82.2 72.9 65.1 61.5 62.2 57.0
- SACU: 109.8 89.0 100.0 97.3 89.3 77.3 70.6 66.5 59.9 65.6 56.5 56.5 56.1
- SADC: 114.9 96.9 100.0 96.4 91.8 83.4 78.3 74.7 63.6 77.4 66.1 57.4 50.0

*Italic source attribution: See sources and notes on page 4 (Table SA23. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates)*

### Table SA24. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based (Percent of GDP)
### Key aggregate series (Annual average; percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 88.9 91.4 100.0 109.0 108.6 108.3 106.1 94.4 95.8 102.6 104.6 102.1 106.5 113.9 110.7
- Median: 91.7 92.5 100.0 102.6 104.3 103.0 101.8 100.2 96.0 101.0 101.0 105.7 101.8 106.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 87.9 89.7 100.0 107.8 109.1 107.7 105.4 98.7 101.7 106.8 107.3 104.2 115.2 117.7 117.8
- Oil-exporting countries: 95.7 88.4 100.0 115.8 117.6 116.1 110.7 78.5 72.0 81.1 93.4 89.6 71.4 87.1 84.9
- Excluding Nigeria: 94.0 83.4 100.0 120.7 125.4 119.4 109.7 70.4 62.7 74.9 84.8 88.5 68.4 87.3 83.4
- Oil-importing countries: 84.8 93.2 100.0 104.5 102.1 102.2 102.3 106.4 111.0 114.7 110.7 109.1 125.1 128.2 125.2
- Excluding South Africa: 85.3 92.0 100.0 102.2 102.0 102.7 103.6 108.5 113.4 116.9 112.5 107.9 124.1 124.1 125.0
- Middle-income countries: 89.8 91.7 100.0 110.0 109.0 109.0 106.2 91.1 90.0 95.0 99.7 99.7 98.1 106.0 102.8
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa (middle-income): 90.0 89.5 100.0 110.2 110.5 109.3 105.3 92.1 90.7 92.8 96.7 95.2 95.0 99.6 102.4
- Low-income countries: 84.1 90.1 100.0 103.7 106.8 104.9 105.6 108.0 116.8 126.8 121.7 115.3 138.1 139.1 136.1
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 83.7 92.6 100.0 103.3 107.2 105.9 106.9 112.1 120.0 126.7 120.0 111.6 120.9 122.1 121.8
- Countries in fragile situations: 89.5 88.0 100.0 106.7 105.3 110.2 111.7 112.5 121.2 133.4 128.6 123.3 157.0 154.4 151.6
- CFA franc zone: 94.3 91.9 100.0 109.1 111.7 110.7 108.7 105.3 110.0 110.4 110.2 110.0 113.6 117.2 117.3
- CEMAC: 95.1 83.0 100.0 115.1 118.0 108.2 101.6 73.9 69.3 79.3 85.3 92.1 80.9 92.8 89.2
- WAEMU: 93.1 99.0 100.0 103.4 105.8 112.8 114.8 127.7 136.5 130.3 126.0 121.0 131.9 131.2 132.8
- COMESA (SSA members): 83.3 90.7 100.0 98.5 96.8 96.7 98.3 106.0 109.0 118.1 114.4 107.0 119.2 121.8 123.1
- EAC-5: 82.2 97.9 100.0 94.4 93.3 92.1 94.7 104.8 99.4 95.7 88.9 91.0 101.7 97.2 98.4
- ECOWAS: 93.2 91.5 100.0 111.7 112.5 113.5 110.7 90.1 90.7 96.9 103.1 98.5 96.6 104.8 102.9
- SACU: 85.4 94.4 100.0 106.4 102.6 102.6 102.2 104.2 107.9 111.5 108.2 111.3 125.8 134.0 125.1
- SADC: 86.2 91.8 100.0 108.1 106.5 106.3 104.4 98.3 103.0 110.5 111.2 110.8 123.1 131.3 125.7

*Italic source attribution: See sources and notes on page 4 (Table SA24. External Debt, Official Debt, Debtor Based)*

### Table SA25. Terms of Trade on Goods (Index, 2010 = 100)
### Selected country-level highlights (Annual average; index, 2010 = 100)
- Angola: 3.1 4.4 5.0 7.1 7.8 7.2 8.8 11.4 10.3 8.4 8.7 13.6 9.7 9.6 9.5
- Botswana: 20.6 15.7 11.5 10.8 10.0 10.4 12.3 13.1 13.8 12.3 10.7 10.1 7.3 7.3 7.4
- Burundi: 2.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.4 4.2 4.5 2.2 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 3.1 2.6
- Cabo Verde: 3.2 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.5 7.4 6.4 8.0 6.1 5.3 5.8 8.9 6.6 6.4
- Comoros: 43.3 32.3 29.4 25.3 24.3 11.0 9.9 12.9 14.4 16.9 15.3 19.6 24.1 25.6 29.3
- Congo, Dem. Rep. of: 88.1 74.1 23.2 19.7 17.2 15.0 13.0 13.0 13.3 13.0 14.6 12.6 12.8 12.4 10.2 8.7
- Côte d'Ivoire: 48.9 38.2 34.0 34.8 21.0 19.7 17.0 17.7 20.9 20.4 24.0 27.3 30.0 34.0 34.0 33.5
- Equatorial Guinea: 2.0 4.5 8.0 6.7 7.3 6.2 5.5 5.8 8.8 9.1 9.2 12.2 13.9 16.4 16.4 20.7
- Eritrea: 80.0 70.4 72.8 60.0 58.3 69.7 49.2 69.2 65.9 70.9 64.6 61.7 58.4 57.1 54.1 49.2
- Eswatini: 12.5 9.9 8.1 7.3 6.9 7.4 7.4 7.4 8.9 9.2 9.0 10.0 12.7 15.5 18.5 20.0
- Ethiopia: 35.3 12.3 18.0 21.8 18.8 21.1 22.6 28.6 28.1 29.1 30.6 28.5 29.1 31.1 ...
- Gabon: 32.8 20.3 16.8 15.4 16.6 24.2 25.3 33.3 35.6 40.6 38.6 38.9 49.0 42.6 41.8
- Gambia, The: 51.3 25.4 24.5 27.4 26.6 32.6 32.3 36.5 36.8 40.3 45.8 45.5 46.4 48.0 47.5 47.1
- Ghana: 17.3 14.5 14.4 14.2 16.1 18.7 25.6 31.9 29.3 28.4 34.0 29.6 36.1 36.2 36.9
- Guinea: 61.9 47.7 46.0 53.3 17.9 18.8 20.8 21.4 22.5 20.5 19.9 19.7 25.1 33.4 34.9
- Kenya: 15.6 17.9 17.4 18.7 18.7 18.1 21.3 23.1 25.4 28.5 29.7 30.7 31.6 34.2 34.7
- Liberia: 350.7 95.3 7.0 7.0 8.4 10.8 14.9 16.1 20.4 23.9 29.2 35.2 40.7 39.8 39.5
- Madagascar: 40.3 28.0 25.0 20.6 21.6 21.0 21.2 24.9 24.9 24.8 25.8 26.9 33.5 35.4 35.6
- Malawi: 30.0 9.2 8.8 8.1 14.3 18.7 18.1 17.9 22.4 22.2 24.2 24.9 28.0 31.7 31.2 30.4
- Mozambique: 41.8 34.7 36.1 30.7 30.8 44.4 54.4 54.2 66.7 92.3 93.6 89.9 100.5 90.8 89.1
- Namibia: 4.7 4.9 4.3 6.4 7.8 8.3 8.2 13.2 13.2 17.5 16.0 15.5 20.2 23.7 19.6 18.2
- Niger: 24.7 14.5 12.3 11.4 12.0 14.0 13.9 21.9 19.5 21.2 25.2 23.2 25.4 33.0 32.0 31.8
- Nigeria: 11.5 3.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.8 8.6 6.6 6.8 6.7 8.4 8.3 8.3
- Rwanda: 32.4 13.2 13.2 13.1 16.2 15.2 20.5 26.0 30.8 34.8 43.7 49.2 52.3 57.7 61.1 64.9
- São Tomé & Príncipe: 215.0 72.4 79.5 78.5 80.8 81.0 71.2 69.5 85.8 80.3 78.0 66.3 65.4 64.9 60.7 59.1
- Senegal: 22.9 22.4 21.8 22.5 25.1 26.4 29.1 31.0 30.1 39.1 45.1 47.6 48.6 45.9 43.4
- Seychelles: 61.5 87.6 49.3 49.3 48.1 48.3 39.2 37.3 37.3 34.7 31.8 29.1 28.1 43.8 55.3 50.3
- Sierra Leone: 71.9 28.2 30.4 30.4 32.5 25.8 21.3 22.5 29.3 29.1 35.0 40.6 38.9 46.6 46.4 44.9
- South Africa: 6.5 6.8 8.6 9.1 12.9 13.2 14.7 11.1 8.1 7.3 19.3 16.5 16.2 12.7 23.3
- Tanzania: 26.4 17.1 19.2 21.1 21.9 23.5 24.5 27.9 28.2 28.6 28.9 28.1 27.5 27.0 27.3
- Togo: 49.8 38.4 12.3 8.8 10.2 11.0 12.4 15.7 14.3 15.9 14.9 14.9 17.6 24.5 25.3 25.0
- Uganda: 20.9 9.4 11.0 10.9 11.4 12.7 12.8 17.9 18.7 21.6 23.2 25.4 30.2 31.9 33.1
- Zambia: 41.6 9.0 7.3 8.0 13.2 12.4 17.7 31.5 34.4 33.8 38.2 48.7 62.4 59.1 49.4
- Zimbabwe: 49.2 56.1 45.4 40.5 35.3 32.9 32.9 27.1 32.7 33.0 30.9 30.0 36.7 32.6 27.6 25.5

### Regional aggregates (selected)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 17.7 12.8 11.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.6 15.6 19.1 22.0 21.7 23.1 27.1 26.0 25.3
- Median: 34.0 21.0 18.6 18.8 18.5 19.8 20.7 22.6 22.9 23.9 25.9 27.5 28.1 32.2 32.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 30.1 21.8 19.0 18.3 17.8 19.7 21.3 25.9 28.4 29.1 30.8 32.4 36.4 36.0 35.1
- Oil-exporting countries: 15.6 7.8 6.1 6.0 6.1 7.2 7.5 9.5 13.0 17.5 16.7 17.1 20.4 19.3 18.3
- Excluding Nigeria: 23.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 15.4 15.5 18.9 20.7 27.8 35.8 33.8 34.4 37.5 50.9 50.2
- Oil-importing countries: 19.2 15.9 14.3 14.4 14.4 16.1 17.2 18.7 20.2 20.5 19.4 16.4 26.4 30.6 29.3
- Excluding South Africa: 32.4 23.6 19.9 19.9 18.5 18.9 20.0 21.6 23.2 26.2 27.6 28.8 29.7 32.6 32.3
- Middle-income countries: 13.0 9.7 9.0 9.1 10.2 10.9 11.6 13.1 16.9 20.3 19.8 21.4 25.8 24.5 23.9
- Low-income countries: 42.9 27.2 21.9 21.0 20.2 21.7 22.6 25.8 27.2 28.5 28.2 28.8 30.8 30.7 29.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 57.1 39.7 27.3 25.4 21.5 20.8 19.9 22.0 23.0 24.2 23.8 25.6 28.2 27.1 26.2
- CFA franc zone: 30.7 20.9 19.1 17.7 16.7 17.6 17.6 18.2 22.4 23.1 26.2 27.2 29.6 32.7 32.2
- WAEMU: 35.3 28.0 24.3 23.1 19.5 19.4 18.8 21.9 21.9 18.2 54.2 70.3 29.9 34.0 33.2 32.7

*Italic source attribution: See sources and notes on page 4 (Table SA25. Terms of Trade on Goods)*

### Section 8

### statisticalappendix - Section 8

### Table SA26. Reserves (Months of imports of goods and services)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 40.246.849.148.849.552.552.953.554.054.253.755.369.8
- Median: 24.030.030.430.429.232.333.135.537.638.838.739.553.0
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 38.945.548.147.848.751.952.252.653.253.553.054.669.2
- Oil-exporting countries: 17.627.425.523.424.626.027.135.538.231.730.832.348.3
- Excluding Nigeria: 15.925.424.622.424.025.426.636.439.231.931.032.754.8
- Oil-importing countries: 44.949.752.853.754.357.657.856.956.958.858.960.971.7
- Excluding South Africa: 43.148.151.352.252.856.456.555.255.457.557.559.570.1
- Middle-income countries: 54.264.166.567.467.769.669.572.071.070.969.272.098.9
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 52.963.066.367.467.870.069.872.171.371.369.472.3101.8
- Low-income countries: 26.930.532.632.133.237.037.835.437.238.039.340.446.5
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 21.427.030.231.133.035.438.942.542.843.142.443.347.9
- Countries in fragile situations: 30.033.134.533.835.038.738.534.737.037.238.739.846.7

Examples (selected country-level series shown in source):
- Angola: 24.162.756.553.350.852.852.664.264.653.953.559.664.4
- Botswana: 53.366.663.155.059.956.754.164.456.758.561.064.168.1
- Cabo Verde: 90.098.5103.0111.2120.6134.5137.0141.1146.6148.7144.4143.3176.1
- Kenya: 36.347.349.451.651.954.262.464.162.360.259.859.664.3
- Nigeria: 27.539.031.230.429.230.130.529.731.230.529.829.935.4
- South Africa: 104.5108.5104.6104.8105.0102.0104.1112.1105.0104.0106.1108.2122.9
- Tanzania: 19.427.329.628.428.628.028.430.227.227.325.525.925.4
- Zimbabwe: ...20.527.632.234.332.634.636.741.149.058.135.027.8

(Note: Table SA26 in the source provides country-level monthly reserves series across the 2004–08 average and annual values for 2009–2020; the bullets above reproduce the regional aggregates and selected country series exactly as presented.)

### Table SA27. Banking Penetration (Total banking sector assets in percent of GDP)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 67.068.568.870.070.472.272.174.778.277.275.173.165.9
- Median: 66.570.669.474.476.977.475.976.077.978.578.676.065.7
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 65.266.967.669.369.671.471.173.777.276.374.472.365.0
- Oil-exporting countries: 59.063.463.258.258.763.865.268.788.992.488.881.369.1
- Excluding Nigeria: 56.160.863.158.559.264.765.268.790.595.392.583.976.1
- Oil-importing countries: 68.769.670.072.873.174.173.676.175.673.671.971.165.6
- Excluding South Africa: 67.068.068.571.571.872.872.374.874.372.370.569.864.4
- Middle-income countries: 67.467.569.171.371.572.973.775.376.676.074.272.163.3
- Excluding Nigeria and South Africa: 63.863.966.669.869.871.271.873.374.274.072.570.360.9
- Low-income countries: 66.669.568.668.869.671.670.674.179.878.375.973.968.0
- Excluding low-income countries in fragile situations: 72.580.778.482.582.283.783.181.983.586.983.184.680.2
- Countries in fragile situations: 64.565.166.364.565.267.565.171.578.475.473.870.262.5

Examples (selected country-level series shown in source):
- Angola: 42.655.872.579.389.185.875.067.255.157.149.248.739.6
- Benin: 79.784.480.482.280.680.180.171.669.686.881.386.775.2
- Côte d'Ivoire: 106.296.688.376.480.383.980.985.186.989.689.087.180.0
- Kenya: 76.672.572.677.876.980.585.988.691.086.681.682.779.3
- Nigeria: 76.379.164.056.254.857.465.368.377.972.162.363.255.3
- South Africa: 122.8120.1120.7113.2119.0118.7117.3118.1117.5115.6116.8114.6105.5

(Note: Table SA27 presents banking assets as percent of GDP across the 2004–08 average and annual values for 2009–2020; the bullets above reproduce the regional aggregates and selected country series exactly as presented.)

### Table SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (Percent of deposits)
- Table SA28 header and note appear in the source: "Table SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio 1 (Percent of deposits) SA28. Banking Sector: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio See sources and notes on page 4"
- No country or regional numeric series for Table SA28 are included in the supplied excerpt.

*Source: statisticalappendix - Section 8 (STATISTICAL APPENDIX), INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | OCTOBER 2021*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/afr/2021/october/english/statisticalappendix.pdf_