## eur-reo-backgroundmaterials ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [eur-reo-backgroundmaterials](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/eur/2018/november/eur-reo-backgroundmaterials.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/reo/eur/2018/november/eur-reo-backgroundmaterials.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/reo/eur/2018/november/eur-reo-backgroundmaterials.pdf.json) --- ### Europe: Country Groups and Weights, 2018 - Weights are based on 2018 GDP in purchasing power parity terms; country groups are color coded and weights refer to respective groups. - Europe100.0 - Advanced European economiesAEUR100.0 68.5 - Euro areaEA100.0 73.5 50.4 - AustriaAUT3.0 2.2 1.5 - BelgiumBEL3.6 2.6 1.8 - CyprusCYP0.2 0.2 0.1 - EstoniaEST0.3 0.2 0.1 - FinlandFIN1.7 1.2 0.8 - FranceFRA19.2 14.1 9.7 - GermanyDEU28.3 20.8 14.3 - GreeceGRC2.0 1.5 1.0 - IrelandIRL2.4 1.8 1.2 - ItalyITA15.5 11.4 7.8 - LatviaLVA0.4 0.3 0.2 - LithuaniaLTU0.6 0.5 0.3 - LuxembourgLUX0.4 0.3 0.2 - MaltaMLT0.1 0.1 0.1 - NetherlandsNLD6.3 4.6 3.2 - PortugalPRT2.1 1.6 1.1 - Slovak RepublicSVK1.2 0.9 0.6 - SloveniaSVN0.5 0.4 0.2 - SpainESP12.1 8.9 6.1 - Nordic economiesNORD100.06.0 4.1 - DenmarkDNK23.81.4 1.0 - IcelandISL1.50.1 0.1 - NorwayNOR31.61.9 1.3 - SwedenSWE43.12.6 1.8 - Other European advanced economiesOEUR100.020.5 14.1 - Czech RepublicCZE9.21.9 1.3 - IsraelISR7.81.6 1.1 - San MarinoSMR0.00.0 0.0 - SwitzerlandCHE12.82.6 1.8 - United KingdomGBR70.214.4 9.9 - Emerging European economies EEUR100.031.5 - Central EuropeCE100.0 15.64.9 - HungaryHUN20.4 3.21.0 - PolandPOL79.6 12.43.9 - Eastern EuropeEE100.0 49.615.6 - BelarusBLR4.0 2.00.6 - MoldovaMDA0.5 0.30.1 - RussiaRUS87.3 43.313.6 - UkraineUKR8.2 4.11.3 - Southeastern European EU member statesSEE EU100.0 8.12.6 - BulgariaBGR20.7 1.70.5 - CroatiaHRV13.7 1.10.3 - RomaniaROU65.6 5.31.7 - Southeastern European non‐EU member statesSEE non‐EU 100.0 2.70.9 - AlbaniaALB14.6 0.40.1 - Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIH18.0 0.50.2 - KosovoUVK7.9 0.20.1 - Macedonia, FYRMKD12.3 0.30.1 - MontenegroMNE4.5 0.10.0 - SerbiaSRB42.8 1.20.4 - TurkeyTUR100.0 24.07.5 ### Annex Table 1.1. GDP Growth (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.2 2.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 - Advanced European Economies: 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 - Euro Area: 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.7 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 - Austria: 3.0 2.8 2.2 1.6 2.6 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 - Germany: 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 - France: 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 - Italy: 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 - Spain: 3.0 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.8 2.2 1.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 - Ireland: 7.2 4.7 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1 - Nordic Economies: 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 - Emerging European Economies: 3.8 2.9 2.0 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1 - Central Europe: 4.5 4.3 3.5 2.9 4.0 3.4 2.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 - Poland: 4.6 4.4 3.5 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 - Russia: 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.3 - Turkey: 7.4 3.5 0.4 2.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 -0.9 -3.6 -1.0 - Memorandum — World: 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 ### Annex Table 1.2. GDP Growth: Comparison between WEO and Consensus Forecasts (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.9 2.3 1.9 .... - Advanced European Economies: 2.4 2.0 1.9 .... - Euro Area: 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 - Austria: 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.8 2.0 0.0 0.1 - Belgium: 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 - Cyprus: 3.9 4.0 4.2 3.6 3.0 0.4 1.2 - Estonia: 4.9 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.2 0.2 0.0 - Finland: 2.8 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.0 -0.2 - France: 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 -0.1 0.0 - Germany: 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.0 0.1 - Ireland: 7.2 4.7 4.0 5.4 3.3 -0.6 0.7 - Italy: 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.0 - Poland: 4.6 4.4 3.5 4.7 3.6 -0.4 -0.1 - Russia: 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 -0.1 0.2 - Turkey: 7.4 3.5 0.4 3.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 - Memorandum — United States: 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.6 0.0 -0.1 ### Annex Table 1.3. Growth Rate of GDP per Capita (Year-over-year percent change; in 2011 international dollars at purchasing power parity) - Europe: 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 - Advanced European Economies: 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 - Euro Area: 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 - Austria: 2.1 2.0 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 - France: 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 - Germany: 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 - Ireland: 6.0 3.7 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 - Italy: 1.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 - Poland: 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 - Russia: 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 - Turkey: 6.1 2.1 -0.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.4 - Memorandum — China: 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.5 ### Annex Table 1.4. Real Domestic Demand (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 - Advanced European Economies: 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 - Euro Area: 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.7 -0.2 0.0 0.1 - Austria: 2.8 2.6 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 - France: 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 - Germany: 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.7 -0.3 0.1 0.1 - Ireland: -13.1 5.3 4.2 3.5 5.7 4.3 3.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 - Spain: 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.6 2.6 2.1 1.8 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 - Emerging European Economies: 5.1 2.6 1.4 2.7 3.2 2.6 2.5 -0.6 -1.3 0.3 - Central Europe: 5.0 5.2 4.1 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.1 1.1 0.3 -0.1 - Russia: 3.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.7 - Turkey: 7.2 1.2 -3.3 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.4 -2.7 -6.9 -0.2 - Memorandum — World: 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 ### Annex Table 1.5. Gross Investment (Percent of GDP) - Europe: 22.0 21.9 22.0 22.1 22.0 22.2 22.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 - Advanced European Economies: 20.7 21.1 21.3 21.5 20.7 20.9 21.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 - Euro Area: 20.8 21.3 21.6 21.8 21.1 21.3 21.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 - Austria: 25.1 25.6 26.0 25.8 25.1 25.0 25.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 - Germany: 20.1 20.4 20.8 21.1 19.7 20.0 20.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 - Ireland: 24.6 27.1 27.9 28.4 25.9 26.8 27.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 - Poland: 19.7 21.5 22.1 22.0 21.1 21.6 22.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 - Russia: 24.3 21.2 22.6 23.0 23.3 23.8 23.6 -2.1 -1.2 -0.6 - Turkey: 31.0 30.7 26.4 25.2 31.3 31.1 30.9 -0.7 -4.8 -5.7 - Memorandum — European Union: 20.5 21.0 21.3 21.4 20.6 20.8 21.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 ### Annex Table 1.6. Inflation (Year-over-year percent change; period average) - Europe: 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 - Advanced European Economies: 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 - Euro Area: 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 - Austria: 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 - France: 1.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 - Germany: 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 - Ireland: 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 - Italy: 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 - Spain: 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 - Turkey: 11.1 15.0 16.7 14.2 11.4 10.5 9.0 3.6 6.2 5.2 - Memorandum — World: 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 ### Annex Table 1.7. Inflation: Comparison between WEO and Consensus Forecasts - Europe: 2.9 3.1 3.5 .... - Advanced European Economies: 1.7 1.8 1.8 .... - Euro Area: 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 -0.1 0.1 - Austria: 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 -0.1 0.1 - Germany: 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 - France: 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 -0.1 0.2 - Italy: 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1 0.0 - Spain: 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.0 0.2 - United Kingdom: 2.7 2.5 2.2 3.4 3.1 -0.9 -0.9 - Turkey: 11.1 15.0 16.7 16.4 19.5 -1.4 -2.8 - Emerging European Economies: 5.5 6.1 7.3 .... - Eastern Europe (aggregate): 4.7 3.6 5.3 4.4 4.9 -0.8 0.3 - Russia: 3.7 2.8 5.1 3.7 4.5 -0.9 0.6 - Ukraine: 14.4 10.9 7.3 11.1 8.9 -0.2 -1.5 ### Annex Table 1.8. Unemployment Rate (percent; major aggregates and selected countries) - Europe: 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.7 7.2 7.0 6.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 - Advanced European Economies: 7.8 7.2 6.9 6.8 7.3 7.1 6.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 - Euro Area: 9.1 8.3 8.0 7.7 8.4 8.1 7.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 - Germany: 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 - France: 9.4 8.8 8.5 8.1 8.8 8.4 8.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - Italy: 11.3 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 - Spain: 17.2 15.6 14.7 14.3 15.5 14.8 14.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 - United Kingdom: 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 - Turkey: 10.9 11.0 12.3 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.5 0.3 1.7 0.1 - Emerging European Economies (aggregate): 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.2 -0.2 - Russia: 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 - Ukraine: 9.2 9.4 9.2 8.9 9.2 8.8 8.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 ### Annex Table 1.9. General Government Overall Balance (Percent of GDP) - Europe: -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.3 - Advanced European Economies: -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 - Euro Area: -0.9 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 - Germany: 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 - France: -2.6 -2.6 -2.8 -2.2 -2.4 -3.1 -2.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 - Italy: -2.3 -1.7 -1.7 -1.9 -1.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -1.6 - Spain: -3.1 -2.7 -2.3 -2.4 -2.5 -2.1 -2.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 - United Kingdom: -1.8 -2.0 -1.7 -1.5 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 - Turkey: -2.3 -4.0 -5.1 -5.8 -2.9 -3.2 -2.8 -1.1 -2.0 -3.0 - Emerging European Economies (aggregate): -1.7 -0.9 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -0.3 - Russia: -1.5 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.0 - Ukraine: -2.2 -2.5 -2.6 -2.3 -2.5 -2.7 -2.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 ### Annex Table 1.10. General Government Gross Debt (Percent of GDP) - Europe: 66.9 65.9 64.5 63.2 66.0 64.5 62.9 -0.1 0.0 0.3 - Advanced European Economies: 83.4 81.6 79.6 77.8 81.5 79.4 77.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 - Euro Area: 86.6 84.4 82.0 79.8 84.2 81.7 79.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 - Germany: 63.9 59.8 56.0 52.6 59.8 55.7 52.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 - France: 96.8 96.7 96.5 95.6 96.3 96.2 95.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 - Italy: 131.8 130.3 128.7 127.6 129.7 127.5 124.9 0.5 1.2 2.7 - Spain: 98.4 97.2 95.8 94.7 96.7 95.1 93.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 - United Kingdom: 87.5 87.4 87.2 86.5 86.3 85.9 85.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 - Greece: 181.8 188.1 176.9 169.3 191.3 181.8 177.0 -3.2 -4.9 -7.7 - Emerging European Economies: 30.7 31.5 31.6 31.8 32.1 32.3 32.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 - Russia: 15.5 15.3 15.4 15.9 18.7 19.5 19.9 -3.3 -4.1 -4.0 - Turkey: 28.3 32.3 33.6 34.5 27.8 27.9 27.9 4.5 5.8 6.6 - Ukraine: 71.0 70.5 68.8 64.4 78.4 76.9 71.7 -7.9 -8.0 -7.3 ### Annex Table 1.11. Current Account (Percent of GDP) - Europe: 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 - Advanced European Economies: 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 - Euro Area: 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 - Germany: 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.7 8.2 8.2 8.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 - France: -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1 - Italy: 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.2 2.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 - Spain: 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 - United Kingdom: -3.8 -3.5 -3.2 -3.0 -3.7 -3.4 -3.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 - Russia: 2.2 6.2 5.2 4.3 4.5 3.8 3.4 1.7 1.4 0.9 - Ireland: 8.5 7.4 6.7 6.1 9.8 8.7 7.7 -2.4 -2.0 -1.6 - Malta: 13.6 11.6 11.1 10.8 9.9 9.5 9.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 - Norway: 5.5 7.8 7.8 7.6 6.1 6.5 6.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 - Turkey: -5.6 -5.7 -1.4 -1.8 -5.4 -4.8 -4.5 -0.3 3.3 2.7 ### Annex Table 1.12. Net Financial Assets (Percent of GDP) - Europe: -3.6 -1.3 0.2 2.7 -1.2 0.5 2.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 - Advanced European Economies: 5.9 8.6 11.0 13.0 7.1 9.3 11.4 1.4 1.7 1.5 - Euro area: -2.2 2.1 5.3 8.3 1.5 4.9 8.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 - Germany: 62.4 65.9 72.1 76.1 61.2 66.3 71.2 4.8 5.8 4.9 - France: -21.1 -20.6 -21.2 -20.9 -17.8 -18.2 -18.1 -2.8 -3.0 -2.8 - Italy: -7.2 -4.5 -2.8 -1.2 -4.0 -1.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.2 -1.7 - Netherlands: 66.4 70.3 80.5 88.1 79.8 86.2 93.0 -9.6 -5.7 -4.9 - United Kingdom: -8.1 -11.5 -14.4 -17.1 -16.2 -19.2 -21.9 4.7 4.8 4.8 - Norway: 220.2 207.5 210.5 209.4 214.6 210.9 208.6 -7.1 -0.4 0.8 - Emerging European Economies (aggregate): -24.6 -22.8 -23.3 -19.5 -19.3 -18.6 -17.8 -3.5 -4.7 -1.7 - Russia: 17.2 22.2 25.2 28.6 21.6 23.8 25.8 0.5 1.4 2.8 - Ukraine: -35.3 -34.5 -36.7 -37.9 -38.7 -39.9 -40.3 4.2 3.2 2.4 - Turkey: -53.9 -57.9 -66.8 -58.5 -55.2 -57.0 -57.9 -2.6 -9.8 -0.5 *Source: Regional Economic Outlook: Europe — November 2018, Background Tables (IMF staff calculations; WEO October 2018).* ### 1. Economic Indicators ### 1. Economic Indicators ### Europe: Country Groups and Weights, 2018 - Europe100.0 - Advanced European economiesAEUR100.0 68.5 - Euro areaEA100.0 73.5 50.4 - AustriaAUT3.0 2.2 1.5 - BelgiumBEL3.6 2.6 1.8 - CyprusCYP0.2 0.2 0.1 - EstoniaEST0.3 0.2 0.1 - FinlandFIN1.7 1.2 0.8 - FranceFRA19.2 14.1 9.7 - GermanyDEU28.3 20.8 14.3 - GreeceGRC2.0 1.5 1.0 - IrelandIRL2.4 1.8 1.2 - ItalyITA15.5 11.4 7.8 - LatviaLVA0.4 0.3 0.2 - LithuaniaLTU0.6 0.5 0.3 - LuxembourgLUX0.4 0.3 0.2 - MaltaMLT0.1 0.1 0.1 - NetherlandsNLD6.3 4.6 3.2 - PortugalPRT2.1 1.6 1.1 - Slovak RepublicSVK1.2 0.9 0.6 - SloveniaSVN0.5 0.4 0.2 - SpainESP12.1 8.9 6.1 - Nordic economiesNORD100.06.0 4.1 - DenmarkDNK23.81.4 1.0 - IcelandISL1.50.1 0.1 - NorwayNOR31.61.9 1.3 - SwedenSWE43.12.6 1.8 - Other European advanced economiesOEUR100.020.5 14.1 - Czech RepublicCZE9.21.9 1.3 - IsraelISR7.81.6 1.1 - San MarinoSMR0.00.0 0.0 - SwitzerlandCHE12.82.6 1.8 - United KingdomGBR70.214.4 9.9 - Emerging European economies EEUR100.031.5 - Central EuropeCE100.0 15.64.9 - HungaryHUN20.4 3.21.0 - PolandPOL79.6 12.43.9 - Eastern EuropeEE100.0 49.615.6 - BelarusBLR4.0 2.00.6 - MoldovaMDA0.5 0.30.1 - RussiaRUS87.3 43.313.6 - UkraineUKR8.2 4.11.3 - Southeastern European EU member statesSEE EU100.0 8.12.6 - BulgariaBGR20.7 1.70.5 - CroatiaHRV13.7 1.10.3 - RomaniaROU65.6 5.31.7 - Southeastern European non‐EU member statesSEE non‐EU 100.0 2.70.9 - AlbaniaALB14.6 0.40.1 - Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIH18.0 0.50.2 - KosovoUVK7.9 0.20.1 - Macedonia, FYRMKD12.3 0.30.1 - MontenegroMNE4.5 0.10.0 - SerbiaSRB42.8 1.20.4 - TurkeyTUR100.0 24.07.5 *Weights are based on 2018 GDP in purchasing power parity terms; country groups are color coded and weights refer to respective groups.* ### Annex Table 1.1. GDP Growth (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.82.31.91.92.62.22.0-0.3 -0.30.0 - Advanced European Economies: 2.42.01.91.72.32.01.7-0.3 -0.10.0 - Euro Area: 2.42.01.91.72.42.01.7-0.4 -0.10.0 - Austria: 3.02.82.21.62.62.01.50.20.20.0 - Belgium: 1.71.51.51.51.91.71.5-0.4 -0.10.0 - Cyprus: 3.94.04.23.33.63.02.60.41.30.7 - Estonia: 4.93.73.23.03.93.23.0-0.20.0 -0.1 - Finland: 2.82.61.81.62.62.01.50.1 -0.20.1 - France: 2.31.61.61.62.12.01.8-0.5 -0.4 -0.2 - Germany: 2.51.91.91.62.52.01.5-0.6 -0.20.1 - Greece: 1.42.02.42.22.01.81.80.00.50.4 - Ireland: 7.24.74.03.54.54.03.50.20.0 -0.1 - Italy: 1.51.21.00.91.51.10.9-0.4 -0.10.0 - Spain: 3.02.72.21.92.82.21.9-0.10.00.0 - Nordic Economies: 2.12.22.11.92.32.12.0-0.10.00.0 - Other European Advanced Economies: 2.01.91.81.82.01.91.8-0.10.00.0 - Emerging European Economies: 3.82.92.02.43.12.72.5-0.2 -0.7 -0.1 - Central Europe: 4.54.33.52.94.03.42.90.30.00.0 - Poland: 4.64.43.53.04.13.53.00.30.00.0 - Eastern Europe: 1.72.01.91.91.91.71.70.10.30.2 - Russia: 1.51.71.81.81.71.51.50.00.30.3 - Turkey: 7.43.50.42.64.44.03.6-0.9 -3.6 -1.0 - Memorandum — World: 3.73.73.73.73.93.93.8-0.2 -0.3 -0.1 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO April 2018 WEO Difference.* ### Annex Table 1.2. GDP Growth: Comparison between WEO and Consensus Forecasts (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.92.31.9.... - Advanced European Economies: 2.42.01.9.... - Euro Area: 2.42.01.92.01.80.00.1 - Austria: 3.02.82.22.82.00.00.1 - Belgium: 1.71.51.51.51.50.00.0 - Cyprus: 3.94.04.23.63.00.41.2 - Estonia: 4.93.73.23.53.20.20.0 - Finland: 2.82.61.82.62.00.0 -0.2 - France: 2.31.61.61.61.6-0.10.0 - Germany: 2.51.91.91.91.70.00.1 - Ireland: 7.24.74.05.43.3-0.60.7 - Italy: 1.51.21.01.11.00.10.0 - Poland: 4.64.43.54.73.6-0.4 -0.1 - Russia: 1.51.71.81.81.6-0.10.2 - Turkey: 7.43.50.43.20.20.20.1 - Memorandum — United States: 2.22.92.52.92.60.0 -0.1 *Sources: Consensus Forecast (October 2018); IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO Consensus Forecast Difference.* ### Annex Table 1.3. Growth Rate of GDP per Capita (Year-over-year percent change; in 2011 international dollars at purchasing power parity) - Europe: 2.61.91.71.71.61.51.5 - Advanced European Economies: 2.01.71.61.41.41.31.3 - Euro Area: 2.31.81.81.61.51.41.3 - Austria: 2.12.01.40.90.80.90.9 - France: 2.01.11.21.11.21.11.2 - Germany: 2.11.81.81.61.51.31.2 - Ireland: 6.03.73.02.41.91.81.8 - Italy: 1.60.91.10.90.80.80.7 - Poland: 4.64.33.63.12.92.92.9 - Russia: 1.51.71.81.91.71.41.4 - Turkey: 6.12.1 -0.91.30.91.01.4 - Memorandum — China: 6.36.15.75.85.65.45.5 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO Projections.* ### Annex Table 1.4. Real Domestic Demand (Year-over-year percent change) - Europe: 2.92.31.82.12.52.22.0-0.3 -0.40.1 - Advanced European Economies: 1.82.12.01.82.21.91.7-0.10.00.0 - Euro Area: 1.72.01.91.72.21.91.7-0.20.00.1 - Austria: 2.82.62.31.62.11.91.60.50.40.0 - France: 2.21.31.61.61.91.81.7-0.5 -0.2 -0.1 - Germany: 2.22.02.11.82.32.01.7-0.30.10.1 - Ireland: -13.15.34.23.55.74.33.6-0.3 -0.1 -0.1 - Spain: 2.92.82.01.62.62.11.80.3 -0.1 -0.1 - Emerging European Economies: 5.12.61.42.73.22.62.5-0.6 -1.30.3 - Central Europe: 5.05.24.13.14.13.83.11.10.3 -0.1 - Russia: 3.71.82.02.01.81.31.30.00.80.7 - Turkey: 7.21.2 -3.33.33.93.73.4-2.7 -6.9 -0.2 - Memorandum — World: 3.94.03.83.84.14.03.7-0.1 -0.20.0 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO April 2018 WEO Difference.* ### Annex Table 1.5. Gross Investment (Percent of GDP) - Europe: 22.0 21.9 22.0 22.122.0 22.2 22.4-0.1 -0.3 -0.3 - Advanced European Economies: 20.7 21.1 21.3 21.520.7 20.9 21.10.40.40.5 - Euro Area: 20.8 21.3 21.6 21.821.1 21.3 21.40.20.40.4 - Austria: 25.1 25.6 26.0 25.825.1 25.0 25.00.61.00.8 - Germany: 20.1 20.4 20.8 21.119.7 20.0 20.20.60.81.0 - Ireland: 24.6 27.1 27.9 28.425.9 26.8 27.31.21.11.1 - Poland: 19.7 21.5 22.1 22.021.1 21.6 22.00.50.50.0 - Russia: 24.3 21.2 22.6 23.023.3 23.8 23.6-2.1 -1.2 -0.6 - Turkey: 31.0 30.7 26.4 25.231.3 31.1 30.9-0.7 -4.8 -5.7 - Memorandum — European Union: 20.5 21.0 21.3 21.420.6 20.8 21.00.40.40.4 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO April 2018 WEO Difference.* ### Annex Table 1.6. Inflation (Year-over-year percent change; period average) - Europe: 2.93.13.53.32.82.82.80.30.70.5 - Advanced European Economies: 1.71.81.81.81.71.71.80.10.10.0 - Euro Area: 1.51.71.71.81.51.61.80.20.10.0 - Austria: 2.22.02.12.12.22.22.2-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 - France: 1.21.91.81.81.51.61.60.30.20.1 - Germany: 1.71.81.82.11.61.72.10.20.1 -0.1 - Ireland: 0.30.71.21.50.91.31.7-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 - Italy: 1.31.31.41.51.11.31.40.30.10.1 - Spain: 2.01.81.81.91.71.61.70.10.20.2 - Turkey: 11.1 15.0 16.7 14.211.4 10.59.03.66.25.2 - Memorandum — World: 3.23.83.83.63.53.43.30.30.50.3 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEO April 2018 WEO Difference.* *Source: Regional Economic Outlook: Europe — November 2018, Background Tables (IMF staff calculations; WEO October 2018).* ### Annex Table 1.7. Inflation: Comparison between WEO and Consensus Forecasts ### Annex Table 1.7. Inflation: Comparison between WEO and Consensus Forecasts ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: 2.9 3.1 3.5 .... - Advanced European Economies: 1.7 1.8 1.8 .... - Euro Area: 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 -0.1 0.1 ### Selected country entries (year-to-year values as presented) - Austria: 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 -0.1 0.1 - Germany: 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 - France: 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 -0.1 0.2 - Italy: 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1 0.0 - Spain: 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.0 0.2 - United Kingdom: 2.7 2.5 2.2 3.4 3.1 -0.9 -0.9 - Turkey: 11.1 15.0 16.7 16.4 19.5 -1.4 -2.8 ### Emerging Europe highlights - Emerging European Economies: 5.5 6.1 7.3 .... - Eastern Europe (aggregate): 4.7 3.6 5.3 4.4 4.9 -0.8 0.3 - Russia: 3.7 2.8 5.1 3.7 4.5 -0.9 0.6 - Ukraine: 14.4 10.9 7.3 11.1 8.9 -0.2 -1.5 *Sources: Consensus Forecast (October 2018); IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOConsensus ForecastDifference* --- ### Annex Table 1.8. Unemployment Rate ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.7 7.2 7.0 6.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 - Advanced European Economies: 7.8 7.2 6.9 6.8 7.3 7.1 6.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 - Euro Area: 9.1 8.3 8.0 7.7 8.4 8.1 7.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 ### Selected country entries (percent) - Germany: 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 - France: 9.4 8.8 8.5 8.1 8.8 8.4 8.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - Italy: 11.3 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 - Spain: 17.2 15.6 14.7 14.3 15.5 14.8 14.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 - United Kingdom: 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 - Turkey: 10.9 11.0 12.3 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.5 0.3 1.7 0.1 ### Emerging Europe highlights - Emerging European Economies aggregate: 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.2 -0.2 - Russia: 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 - Ukraine: 9.2 9.4 9.2 8.9 9.2 8.8 8.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOApril 2018 WEODifference* --- ### Annex Table 1.9. General Government Overall Balance (Percent of GDP) ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.3 - Advanced European Economies: -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 - Euro Area: -0.9 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 ### Selected country entries (percent of GDP) - Germany: 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 - France: -2.6 -2.6 -2.8 -2.2 -2.4 -3.1 -2.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 - Italy: -2.3 -1.7 -1.7 -1.9 -1.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -1.6 - Spain: -3.1 -2.7 -2.3 -2.4 -2.5 -2.1 -2.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 - United Kingdom: -1.8 -2.0 -1.7 -1.5 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 - Turkey: -2.3 -4.0 -5.1 -5.8 -2.9 -3.2 -2.8 -1.1 -2.0 -3.0 ### Selected emerging Europe entries - Emerging European Economies (aggregate): -1.7 -0.9 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -0.3 - Russia: -1.5 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.0 - Ukraine: -2.2 -2.5 -2.6 -2.3 -2.5 -2.7 -2.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOApril 2018 WEODifference* --- ### Annex Table 1.10. General Government Gross Debt (Percent of GDP) ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: 66.9 65.9 64.5 63.2 66.0 64.5 62.9 -0.1 0.0 0.3 - Advanced European Economies: 83.4 81.6 79.6 77.8 81.5 79.4 77.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 - Euro Area: 86.6 84.4 82.0 79.8 84.2 81.7 79.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 ### Selected country entries (percent of GDP) - Germany: 63.9 59.8 56.0 52.6 59.8 55.7 52.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 - France: 96.8 96.7 96.5 95.6 96.3 96.2 95.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 - Italy: 131.8 130.3 128.7 127.6 129.7 127.5 124.9 0.5 1.2 2.7 - Spain: 98.4 97.2 95.8 94.7 96.7 95.1 93.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 - United Kingdom: 87.5 87.4 87.2 86.5 86.3 85.9 85.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 - Greece: 181.8 188.1 176.9 169.3 191.3 181.8 177.0 -3.2 -4.9 -7.7 ### Emerging Europe highlights - Emerging European Economies: 30.7 31.5 31.6 31.8 32.1 32.3 32.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 - Russia: 15.5 15.3 15.4 15.9 18.7 19.5 19.9 -3.3 -4.1 -4.0 - Turkey: 28.3 32.3 33.6 34.5 27.8 27.9 27.9 4.5 5.8 6.6 - Ukraine: 71.0 70.5 68.8 64.4 78.4 76.9 71.7 -7.9 -8.0 -7.3 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOApril 2018 WEODifference* --- ### Annex Table 1.11. Current Account (Percent of GDP) ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 - Advanced European Economies: 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 - Euro Area: 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 ### Selected country entries (percent of GDP) - Germany: 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.7 8.2 8.2 8.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 - France: -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1 - Italy: 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.2 2.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 - Spain: 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 - United Kingdom: -3.8 -3.5 -3.2 -3.0 -3.7 -3.4 -3.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 - Russia: 2.2 6.2 5.2 4.3 4.5 3.8 3.4 1.7 1.4 0.9 ### Notable outliers - Ireland: 8.5 7.4 6.7 6.1 9.8 8.7 7.7 -2.4 -2.0 -1.6 - Malta: 13.6 11.6 11.1 10.8 9.9 9.5 9.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 - Norway: 5.5 7.8 7.8 7.6 6.1 6.5 6.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 - Turkey: -5.6 -5.7 -1.4 -1.8 -5.4 -4.8 -4.5 -0.3 3.3 2.7 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOApril 2018 WEODifference* --- ### Annex Table 1.12. Net Financial Assets (Percent of GDP) ### Major aggregates and projections - Europe: -3.6 -1.3 0.2 2.7 -1.2 0.5 2.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 - Advanced European Economies: 5.9 8.6 11.0 13.0 7.1 9.3 11.4 1.4 1.7 1.5 - Euro area: -2.2 2.1 5.3 8.3 1.5 4.9 8.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 ### Selected country entries (percent of GDP) - Germany: 62.4 65.9 72.1 76.1 61.2 66.3 71.2 4.8 5.8 4.9 - France: -21.1 -20.6 -21.2 -20.9 -17.8 -18.2 -18.1 -2.8 -3.0 -2.8 - Italy: -7.2 -4.5 -2.8 -1.2 -4.0 -1.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.2 -1.7 - Netherlands: 66.4 70.3 80.5 88.1 79.8 86.2 93.0 -9.6 -5.7 -4.9 - United Kingdom: -8.1 -11.5 -14.4 -17.1 -16.2 -19.2 -21.9 4.7 4.8 4.8 - Norway: 220.2 207.5 210.5 209.4 214.6 210.9 208.6 -7.1 -0.4 0.8 ### Selected emerging Europe entries - Emerging European Economies (aggregate): -24.6 -22.8 -23.3 -19.5 -19.3 -18.6 -17.8 -3.5 -4.7 -1.7 - Russia: 17.2 22.2 25.2 28.6 21.6 23.8 25.8 0.5 1.4 2.8 - Ukraine: -35.3 -34.5 -36.7 -37.9 -38.7 -39.9 -40.3 4.2 3.2 2.4 - Turkey: -53.9 -57.9 -66.8 -58.5 -55.2 -57.0 -57.9 -2.6 -9.8 -0.5 *Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO); and IMF staff calculations. October 2018 WEOApril 2018 WEODifference* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/eur/2018/november/eur-reo-backgroundmaterials.pdf_