## reo-statistical-appendix-cca

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---

### Methodology and coverage
- Aggregates for fiscal data (tables 10–17) are sums of individual country data after conversion to US dollars at the average market exchange rates in the years indicated, in percent of aggregate GDP, also in US dollars.
- Composites relating to the external economy in nominal terms (Tables 18–20 and 22) are sums of individual country data. Composites relating to external economy in percent of GDP (Tables 21 and 23) are weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars as a share of MCD or group GDP in U.S. dollars.
- Composites in Tables 2, 4, and 5 are sums of the individual country data.
- In tables, ellipsis points (. . .) indicate “not available,” and 0 or 0.0 indicates “zero” or “negligible.” Minor discrepancies between sums of constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
- All data refer to calendar years except for: Afghanistan (March 21 to March 20 until 2011, and December 21 to December 20 thereafter), Iran (March 21 to March 20), Qatar (April to March), and Egypt and Pakistan (July to June) except inflation.
- Data in Tables 7 and 8 correspond to the calendar year for all aggregates and countries, except for Iran, for which the Iranian calendar year (beginning on March 21) is used.
- All data for Syria are excluded for 2011 onward.
- Data for West Bank and Gaza are included in all tables except in 3–6, 8, 10, 13, and 14; West Bank and Gaza is not a member of the IMF and is not included in any of the aggregates.
- In Tables 3, 6, 13, and 14, “oil” includes gas.
- Arithmetically weighted averages are used for all data aggregates except consumer price index, for which geometric averages are used.

### Projection assumptions (work hypotheses)
- Price of oil will average US$69.38 a barrel in 2018 and US$68.76 a barrel in 2019.
- Six-month London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) on U.S.-dollar deposits will average 2.5 percent in 2018 and 3.4 percent in 2019.
- Projections are based on statistical information available through early September 2018.
- It has been assumed that established policies of national authorities will be maintained.

### REO aggregates: weights and construction
- Composites for data relating to the domestic economy (Tables 1, 3, 7–8), whether growth rates or ratios, are weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parities (PPPs) as a share of total MCD or group GDP.
- Country group composites for the growth rates of broad money (Table 9) are weighted by GDP converted to U.S. dollars at market exchange rates (both GDP and exchange rates are averaged over the preceding three years) as a share of MCD or group GDP.

### Selected real and nominal GDP statistics and projections
- Table 1. Real GDP Growth (annual change; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: Average 2000–14 = 4.8; 2015 = 2.5; 2016 = 5.1; 2017 = 2.2; 2018 = 2.4; 2019 = 2.7
  - MENAP oil exporters: 5.0; 2.0; 5.8; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0
  - MENAP oil importers: 4.3; 3.7; 3.7; 4.1; 4.5; 4.0
  - CCA: 8.1; 3.1; 2.5; 4.1; 4.0; 4.0
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 8.4; 3.0; 2.4; 3.9; 3.8; 3.9
- Table 2. Nominal GDP (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: Average 2000–14 = 2,133.7; 2015 = 3,104.3; 2016 = 3,088.0; 2017 = 3,180.6; 2018 = 3,460.6; 2019 = 3,541.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: 1,587.9; 2,170.7; 2,153.0; 2,315.5; 2,577.4; 2,605.5
  - MENAP oil importers: 545.8; 933.6; 935.0; 865.1; 883.2; 935.8
  - CCA: 210.8; 376.6; 317.0; 328.2; 360.5; 389.4
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 186.1; 337.5; 278.3; 286.8; 315.9; 342.2

### Oil sector production and exports
- Table 3. Oil Exporters: Oil and Non-Oil Real GDP Growth (annual change; percent) — selected items:
  - MENAP oil exporters (Oil GDP): 24.1; 125.8; 328.0; 627.4; 727.5; 928.1
  - MENAP oil exporters (Non-Oil GDP): 6.6; 0.3; 1.5; 2.4; 2.3; 2.4
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (Oil GDP): 2.08; 2.73; 2.68; 2.82; 2.87; 2.88
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (Non-Oil GDP): 0.62; 1.55; 1.51; 1.53; 1.71; 1.97
- Table 4. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production (Millions of barrels per day) — crude oil production, selected aggregates:
  - MENAP oil exporters: Average 2000–14 = 17.82; 2015 = 18.8; 2016 = 22.0; 2017 = 20.36; 2018 = 19.77; 2019 = 19.38; 2019 (alternate cell) = 19.82
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (crude oil production): 1.75; 2.19; 2.19; 2.29; 2.33; 2.34
  - GCC (memorandum crude oil production): 12.22; 13.13; 13.54; 12.57; 12.56; 13.24
- Table 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exports (Millions of barrels per day) — crude oil exports, selected countries and aggregates:
  - MENAP oil exporters — Algeria: 102.1; 106.8; 102.5; 89.8; 105.1; 98.6
  - MENAP oil exporters — Saudi Arabia: 75.6; 94.2; 96.4; 96.4; 83.4; 73.3
  - CCA oil and gas exporters — Azerbaijan: 42.5; 67.5; 47.5; 62.0; 59.0; 54.6

### Oil price breakeven estimates
- Table 6. Breakeven Oil Prices (U.S. dollars per barrel) — fiscal breakeven oil price, selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: 6.6; 5.3; 5.1; 7.0; 9.9; 10.0
  - MENAP oil exporters: 7.1; 4.7; 4.0; 3.6; 9.8; 9.9
  - CCA: 9.0; 6.4; 10.4; 9.0; 8.4; 7.2
  - Oil and gas exporters (CCA): 9.2; 6.6; 11.5; 9.6; 9.1; 7.6
  - Oil and gas importers (CCA): 7.4; 4.8; 1.8; 4.5; 3.6; 4.2

### Inflation indicators
- Table 7. Consumer Price Inflation (Year average; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: ...; 5.9; 5.6; 7.5; 10.5; 11.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: ...; 6.0; 4.3; 2.8; 12.8; 13.4
  - MENAP oil importers: ...; 5.8; 7.6; 14.6; 5.1; 6.5
  - CCA: ...; 4.4; 4.6; 4.1; 4.2; 3.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: ...; 4.1; 4.8; 3.9; 4.2; 3.7
- Table 8. Core Consumer Price Inflation (Year average; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: 16.4; 8.0; 7.8; 12.3; 14.8; 13.0
  - MENAP oil exporters: 17.7; 6.5; 5.5; 7.5; 12.6; 11.5

### Monetary aggregates and banking (Table 9 and sectoral indicators)
- Broad money definition includes currency, demand deposits, quasi money, and long-term deposits and is defined to include nonresident deposits (M5).
- Table 9. Broad money growth (annual change; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 2.6; 2015: -7.8; 2016: -9.0; 2017: -5.0; 2018: -2.8; 2019: -1.7
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 5.4; 2015: -8.0; 2016: -9.5; 2017: -4.5; 2018: -1.5; 2019: 0.1
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: -6.0; 2015: -7.4; 2016: -7.6; 2017: -6.5; 2018: -6.7; 2019: -6.5
  - CCA average 2000–14: 3.8; 2015: -5.8; 2016: -4.6; 2017: -5.4; 2018: 1.6; 2019: 1.9
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 4.3; 2015: -6.0; 2016: -4.5; 2017: -5.5; 2018: 2.1; 2019: 2.4
- Capital adequacy ratios (percent of risk-weighted assets), return on assets (pre-tax, percent), and nonperforming loans (90-day basis, percent of total loans) — selected series (Dec-14 to Dec-17 where noted):
  - Capital adequacy — selected: Kuwait: 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.2; Qatar: 2.1, 2.0, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6, 1.6, 1.5; Saudi Arabia: 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0
  - Return on assets — selected: United Arab Emirates: 6.7, 6.0, 6.1, 6.1, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8; Kazakhstan: 23.5, 8.0, 6.7, 7.7, 10.7, 12.7, 9.3
  - Nonperforming loans — selected: Saudi Arabia: 17.9, 18.1, 19.5, 18.9, 19.2, 19.4, 20.4; Egypt: 13.9, 13.7, 14.1, 14.7, 14.5, 14.7, 15.2

### Fiscal sector: central and general government (Tables 10–17)
- Table 10. Central Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Percent of GDP) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 3.6; 2015: -8.6; 2016: -9.4; 2017: -5.4; 2018: -2.9; 2019: -1.7
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 6.7; 2015: -9.2; 2016: -10.4; 2017: -5.1; 2018: -1.6; 2019: -0.1
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: -5.8; 2015: -7.1; 2016: -7.2; 2017: -6.3; 2018: -6.6; 2019: -6.3
  - CCA average 2000–14: 2.3; 2015: -4.4; 2016: -3.5; 2017: -4.8; 2018: 0.6; 2019: 0.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 3.2; 2015: -4.6; 2016: -3.2; 2017: -4.8; 2018: 1.2; 2019: 1.3
- Table 11. General Government Fiscal Balance / Total Revenue (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - General government total revenue, excluding grants:
    - MENAP average 2000–14: 32.4; 2015: 25.5; 2016: 23.4; 2017: 25.2; 2018: 28.0; 2019: 28.9
    - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 36.5; 2015: 28.6; 2016: 25.5; 2017: 27.5; 2018: 31.1; 2019: 32.3
    - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: 20.0; 2015: 18.4; 2016: 18.3; 2017: 18.9; 2018: 19.1; 2019: 19.4
    - CCA average 2000–14: 27.8; 2015: 22.9; 2016: 22.1; 2017: 22.9; 2018: 23.9; 2019: 23.8
    - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 28.7; 2015: 22.5; 2016: 21.5; 2017: 22.3; 2018: 23.6; 2019: 23.5
- Table 13. Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Fiscal Balance (Percent of non-oil GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: -37.2; 2015: -36.7; 2016: -30.9; 2017: -28.6; 2018: -31.7; 2019: -30.9
  - GCC aggregate: -43.9; 2015: -43.7; 2016: -36.4; 2017: -33.3; 2018: -35.2; 2019: -32.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters aggregate: -9.4; 2015: -18.3; 2016: -14.5; 2017: -17.4; 2018: -12.1; 2019: -11.9
- Table 14. Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Revenue (Percent of non-oil GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 12.6; 2015: 13.2; 2016: 14.8; 2017: 15.1; 2018: 15.8; 2019: 15.7
  - GCC aggregate: 13.7; 2015: 14.2; 2016: 15.7; 2017: 15.9; 2018: 17.2; 2019: 17.4
  - Non-GCC oil exporters: 10.9; 2015: 11.3; 2016: 13.3; 2017: 13.8; 2018: 13.1; 2019: 12.2
- Table 15. General Government Total Expenditure and Net Lending (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 29.4; 2015: 34.1; 2016: 32.6; 2017: 30.6; 2018: 30.6; 2019: 30.3
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 30.4; 2015: 37.2; 2016: 35.2; 2017: 32.2; 2018: 32.2; 2019: 31.7
  - CCA average 2000–14: 25.9; 2015: 27.6; 2016: 26.0; 2017: 27.8; 2018: 23.7; 2019: 23.4
- Table 16. Total Government Gross Debt (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 37.6; 2015: 39.3; 2016: 32.8; 2017: 33.8; 2018: 37.3; 2019: 38.3
  - MENAP oil importers 2015: 72.8; 2016: 78.4; 2017: 79.0; 2018: 77.9; 2019: 77.6
- Table 17. MENAP: Total Government Net Debt (Percent of GDP and billions) — selected:
  - MENAP net debt (percent of GDP) average 2000–14: 19.8; 2015: 19.3; 2016: 32.8; 2017: 33.8; 2018: 37.3; 2019: 38.3
  - MENAP total net debt (billions): 2000–14 average: 925.5; 2015: 1,144.4; 2016: 1,079.9; 2017: 1,207.9; 2018: 1,393.2; 2019: 1,427.4
  - MENAP oil exporters total net debt (billions): 787.8; 2015: 976.1; 2016: 925.1; 2017: 1,043.2; 2018: 1,204.4; 2019: 1,220.4
  - Selected country net debt (billions): Saudi Arabia 2000–14: 229.1; 2015: 218.0; 2016: 200.8; 2017: 239.1; 2018: 302.6; 2019: 307.8; United Arab Emirates 2000–14: 197.0; 2015: 361.2; 2016: 360.6; 2017: 379.0; 2018: 402.8; 2019: 414.6

### External sector: exports, imports, current account, reserves, and external debt
- Exports of goods and services (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected:
  - Tunisia: 17.2, 17.5, 17.0, 17.6, 21.1, 20.8
  - CCA: 92.3, 111.5, 94.9, 114.1, 139.8, 146.6
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 84.0, 98.9, 81.7, 98.5, 121.8, 127.2
  - Azerbaijan: 19.0, 20.0, 17.6, 19.8, 23.8, 25.6
  - Kazakhstan: 49.5, 53.0, 43.6, 55.7, 70.4, 71.7
  - Memorandum — MENA: 903.1, 1,113.0, 1,051.4, 1,179.3, 1,361.6, 1,390.8
  - GCC: 606.1, 796.8, 741.0, 827.5, 956.4, 986.3
- Imports of goods and services (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 722.5; 2015: 1,210.8; 2016: 1,152.9; 2017: 1,198.7; 2018: 1,291.4; 2019: 1,322.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: 536.6, 944.7, 892.7, 918.4, 983.6, 999.1
  - CCA: 74.9, 115.8, 104.7, 109.8, 124.9, 130.1
  - GCC: 387.3, 724.0, 676.9, 689.0, 735.6, 756.3
  - Memorandum — MENA: 686.5, 1,152.1, 1,095.3, 1,132.2, 1,215.8, 1,243.4
- Current Account Balance (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected:
  - MENAP: 196.1, -123.1, -119.5, -21.4, 62.9, 67.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: 213.7, -83.0, -67.8, 36.0, 120.4, 124.7
  - Algeria: 12.8, -27.3, -26.5, -22.1, -16.9, -15.9
  - Saudi Arabia: 76.7, -56.7, -23.9, 15.2, 64.7, 70.0
  - CCA: 5.8, -14.0, -20.3, -8.3, -4.5, -3.1
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 8.0, -10.5, -17.1, -6.3, -1.0, 0.5
  - Memorandum — MENA: 196.5, -120.9, -116.1, -9.9, 80.1, 83.0
- Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP: 8.9, -4.0, -3.9, -0.7, 1.8, 1.9
  - MENAP oil exporters: 12.6, -3.8, -3.1, 1.6, 4.7, 4.8
  - GCC: 16.5, -2.4, -2.8, 2.9, 7.1, 7.7
  - CCA: 1.0, -3.7, -6.4, -2.5, -1.3, -0.8
- Gross Official Reserves (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected:
  - MENAP: 760.0, 1,315.0, 1,179.9, 1,129.0, 1,175.9, 1,214.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: 676.0, 1,189.5, 1,048.4, 984.0, 1,025.6, 1,072.1
  - CCA: 35.7, 63.5, 67.6, 72.7, 74.5, 76.0
  - Memorandum — MENA: 750.2, 1,294.7, 1,154.4, 1,104.7, 1,157.9, 1,203.7
- Gross Official Reserves (Months of Imports) — selected:
  - MENAP (Dec-14 to Dec-17 series): 9.6, 13.0, 11.2, 9.9, 10.1, 10.1
  - MENAP oil exporters: 10.8, 15.0, 12.9, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7
  - MEMO — GCC: 9.9, 14.0, 12.3, 10.7, 11.2, 11.8
- Total Gross External Debt (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - MENAP: 30.2, 32.3, 38.1, 40.1, 39.7, 40.7
  - MENAP oil exporters: 25.4, 30.3, 37.1, 36.7, 35.3, 36.5
  - CCA: 54.2, 57.3, 74.1, 75.9, 73.0, 70.8
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 53.5, 54.8, 72.6, 74.4, 71.7, 69.3
  - Memorandum — MENA: 29.7, 33.3, 39.4, 41.7, 40.7, 41.4

### Country and group definitions used in tables
- MCD countries and territories in the statistical appendix: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Kyrgyz Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, the West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen.
- MENAP: MENAP excluding Afghanistan and Pakistan.
- MENAP oil exporters: Algeria, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
- MENAP oil importers: Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia.
- CCA oil and gas exporters: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
- Conflict countries: Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yemen.
- GCC: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

*Source: reo-statistical-appendix-cca - Section 1; Sections 2–3 (IMF staff estimates and projections; national authorities as presented in the source PDF).*

### Section 1

### reo-statistical-appendix-cca - Section 1

### Methodology and coverage
- Aggregates for fiscal data (tables 10–17) are sums of individual country data after conversion to US dollars at the average market exchange rates in the years indicated, in percent of aggregate GDP, also in US dollars.
- Composites relating to the external economy in nominal terms (Tables 18–20 and 22) are sums of individual country data. Composites relating to external economy in percent of GDP (Tables 21 and 23) are weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars as a share of MCD or group GDP in U.S. dollars.
- Composites in Tables 2, 4, and 5 are sums of the individual country data.
- In tables, ellipsis points (. . .) indicate “not available,” and 0 or 0.0 indicates “zero” or “negligible.” Minor discrepancies between sums of constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
- All data refer to calendar years except for: Afghanistan (March 21 to March 20 until 2011, and December 21 to December 20 thereafter), Iran (March 21 to March 20), Qatar (April to March), and Egypt and Pakistan (July to June) except inflation.
- Data in Tables 7 and 8 correspond to the calendar year for all aggregates and countries, except for Iran, for which the Iranian calendar year (beginning on March 21) is used.
- All data for Syria are excluded for 2011 onward.
- Data for West Bank and Gaza are included in all tables except in 3–6, 8, 10, 13, and 14; West Bank and Gaza is not a member of the IMF and is not included in any of the aggregates.
- In Tables 3, 6, 13, and 14, “oil” includes gas.
- Arithmetically weighted averages are used for all data aggregates except consumer price index, for which geometric averages are used.

### Projection assumptions (work hypotheses)
- Price of oil will average US$69.38 a barrel in 2018 and US$68.76 a barrel in 2019.
- Six-month London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) on U.S.-dollar deposits will average 2.5 percent in 2018 and 3.4 percent in 2019.
- Projections are based on statistical information available through early September 2018.
- It has been assumed that established policies of national authorities will be maintained.

### REO aggregates: weights and construction
- Composites for data relating to the domestic economy (Tables 1, 3, 7–8), whether growth rates or ratios, are weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parities (PPPs) as a share of total MCD or group GDP.
- Country group composites for the growth rates of broad money (Table 9) are weighted by GDP converted to U.S. dollars at market exchange rates (both GDP and exchange rates are averaged over the preceding three years) as a share of MCD or group GDP.

### Selected key statistics and projections (preserving source values)
- Table 1. Real GDP Growth (annual change; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: Average 2000–14 = 4.8; 2015 = 2.5; 2016 = 5.1; 2017 = 2.2; 2018 = 2.4; 2019 = 2.7
  - MENAP oil exporters: 5.0; 2.0; 5.8; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0
  - MENAP oil importers: 4.3; 3.7; 3.7; 4.1; 4.5; 4.0
  - CCA: 8.1; 3.1; 2.5; 4.1; 4.0; 4.0
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 8.4; 3.0; 2.4; 3.9; 3.8; 3.9

- Table 2. Nominal GDP (Billions of U.S. dollars) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: Average 2000–14 = 2,133.7; 2015 = 3,104.3; 2016 = 3,088.0; 2017 = 3,180.6; 2018 = 3,460.6; 2019 = 3,541.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: 1,587.9; 2,170.7; 2,153.0; 2,315.5; 2,577.4; 2,605.5
  - MENAP oil importers: 545.8; 933.6; 935.0; 865.1; 883.2; 935.8
  - CCA: 210.8; 376.6; 317.0; 328.2; 360.5; 389.4
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: 186.1; 337.5; 278.3; 286.8; 315.9; 342.2

- Table 3. Oil Exporters: Oil and Non-Oil Real GDP Growth (annual change; percent) — selected items:
  - MENAP oil exporters (Oil GDP): 24.1; 125.8; 328.0; 627.4; 727.5; 928.1
  - MENAP oil exporters (Non-Oil GDP): 6.6; 0.3; 1.5; 2.4; 2.3; 2.4
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (Oil GDP): 2.08; 2.73; 2.68; 2.82; 2.87; 2.88
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (Non-Oil GDP): 0.62; 1.55; 1.51; 1.53; 1.71; 1.97

- Table 4. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production (Millions of barrels per day) — crude oil production, selected aggregates:
  - MENAP oil exporters: Average 2000–14 = 17.82; 2015 = 18.8; 2016 = 22.0; 2017 = 20.36; 2018 = 19.77; 2019 = 19.38; 2019 (alternate cell) = 19.82
  - CCA oil and gas exporters (crude oil production): 1.75; 2.19; 2.19; 2.29; 2.33; 2.34
  - GCC (memorandum crude oil production): 12.22; 13.13; 13.54; 12.57; 12.56; 13.24

- Table 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exports (Millions of barrels per day) — crude oil exports, selected countries and aggregates:
  - MENAP oil exporters — Algeria: 102.1; 106.8; 102.5; 89.8; 105.1; 98.6
  - MENAP oil exporters — Saudi Arabia: 75.6; 94.2; 96.4; 96.4; 83.4; 73.3
  - CCA oil and gas exporters — Azerbaijan: 42.5; 67.5; 47.5; 62.0; 59.0; 54.6

- Table 6. Breakeven Oil Prices (U.S. dollars per barrel) — fiscal breakeven oil price, selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: 6.6; 5.3; 5.1; 7.0; 9.9; 10.0
  - MENAP oil exporters: 7.1; 4.7; 4.0; 3.6; 9.8; 9.9
  - CCA: 9.0; 6.4; 10.4; 9.0; 8.4; 7.2
  - Oil and gas exporters (CCA): 9.2; 6.6; 11.5; 9.6; 9.1; 7.6
  - Oil and gas importers (CCA): 7.4; 4.8; 1.8; 4.5; 3.6; 4.2

- Table 7. Consumer Price Inflation (Year average; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: ...; 5.9; 5.6; 7.5; 10.5; 11.3
  - MENAP oil exporters: ...; 6.0; 4.3; 2.8; 12.8; 13.4
  - MENAP oil importers: ...; 5.8; 7.6; 14.6; 5.1; 6.5
  - CCA: ...; 4.4; 4.6; 4.1; 4.2; 3.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters: ...; 4.1; 4.8; 3.9; 4.2; 3.7

- Table 8. Core Consumer Price Inflation (Year average; percent) — selected aggregates:
  - MENAP: 16.4; 8.0; 7.8; 12.3; 14.8; 13.0
  - MENAP oil exporters: 17.7; 6.5; 5.5; 7.5; 12.6; 11.5
  - MENAP oil importers (selected series appear in table but individual country cells vary)

### Notes on specific country and group definitions used in tables
- MCD countries and territories in the statistical appendix: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Kyrgyz Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, the West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen.
- MENAP: MENAP excluding Afghanistan and Pakistan.
- MENAP oil exporters: Algeria, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
- MENAP oil importers: Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia.
- CCA oil and gas exporters: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
- Conflict countries: Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yemen.
- GCC: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

*Source: reo-statistical-appendix-cca - Section 1 (IMF staff estimates and projections as presented in the source PDF).*

### Section 2

### reo-statistical-appendix-cca - Section 2

### Broad Money Growth (Table 9)
- Definition: Broad money includes currency, demand deposits, quasi money, and long-term deposits. Broad money is defined to include nonresident deposits (M5).
- Projections and sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.
- Key annual change (percent) observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 2.6; 2015: -7.8; 2016: -9.0; 2017: -5.0; 2018: -2.8; 2019: -1.7
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 5.4; 2015: -8.0; 2016: -9.5; 2017: -4.5; 2018: -1.5; 2019: 0.1
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: -6.0; 2015: -7.4; 2016: -7.6; 2017: -6.5; 2018: -6.7; 2019: -6.5
  - CCA average 2000–14: 3.8; 2015: -5.8; 2016: -4.6; 2017: -5.4; 2018: 1.6; 2019: 1.9
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 4.3; 2015: -6.0; 2016: -4.5; 2017: -5.5; 2018: 2.1; 2019: 2.4

### Central Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Table 10)
- Definition: The budget sector comprises central government, local government, and some public corporations. Includes transfers to the electric and water companies; some entries include oil revenue transferred to the oil fund.
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 3.6; 2015: -8.6; 2016: -9.4; 2017: -5.4; 2018: -2.9; 2019: -1.7
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 6.7; 2015: -9.2; 2016: -10.4; 2017: -5.1; 2018: -1.6; 2019: -0.1
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: -5.8; 2015: -7.1; 2016: -7.2; 2017: -6.3; 2018: -6.6; 2019: -6.3
  - CCA average 2000–14: 2.3; 2015: -4.4; 2016: -3.5; 2017: -4.8; 2018: 0.6; 2019: 0.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 3.2; 2015: -4.6; 2016: -3.2; 2017: -4.8; 2018: 1.2; 2019: 1.3

### General Government Fiscal Balance (Table 11)
- Scope: Includes budgetary central government, extra-budgetary funds, and social security funds. Some country notes: central government and National Development Fund excluding Targeted Subsidy Organization; excludes payments for electricity arrears and commodity operations in specified fiscal years.
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 32.4; 2015: 25.5; 2016: 23.4; 2017: 25.2; 2018: 28.0; 2019: 28.9 (total revenue, excluding grants—see Table 12 for context)
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 36.5; 2015: 28.6; 2016: 25.5; 2017: 27.5; 2018: 31.1; 2019: 32.3 (total revenue, excluding grants)
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: 20.0; 2015: 18.4; 2016: 18.3; 2017: 18.9; 2018: 19.1; 2019: 19.4 (total revenue, excluding grants)
  - CCA average 2000–14: 27.8; 2015: 22.9; 2016: 22.1; 2017: 22.9; 2018: 23.9; 2019: 23.8 (total revenue, excluding grants)
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 28.7; 2015: 22.5; 2016: 21.5; 2017: 22.3; 2018: 23.6; 2019: 23.5 (total revenue, excluding grants)

### General Government Total Revenue, Excluding Grants (Table 12)
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 32.4; 2015: 25.5; 2016: 23.4; 2017: 25.2; 2018: 28.0; 2019: 28.9
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 36.5; 2015: 28.6; 2016: 25.5; 2017: 27.5; 2018: 31.1; 2019: 32.3
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: 20.0; 2015: 18.4; 2016: 18.3; 2017: 18.9; 2018: 19.1; 2019: 19.4
  - CCA average 2000–14: 27.8; 2015: 22.9; 2016: 22.1; 2017: 22.9; 2018: 23.9; 2019: 23.8
  - CCA oil and gas exporters average 2000–14: 28.7; 2015: 22.5; 2016: 21.5; 2017: 22.3; 2018: 23.6; 2019: 23.5

### Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Fiscal Balance (Table 13)
- Metric: Percent of non-oil GDP. State and central government notes apply; some entries exclude specific funds.
- Key percent of non-oil GDP observations:
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: -37.2; 2015: -36.7; 2016: -30.9; 2017: -28.6; 2018: -31.7; 2019: -30.9
  - GCC aggregate: -43.9; 2015: -43.7; 2016: -36.4; 2017: -33.3; 2018: -35.2; 2019: -32.7
  - CCA oil and gas exporters aggregate: -9.4; 2015: -18.3; 2016: -14.5; 2017: -17.4; 2018: -12.1; 2019: -11.9

### Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Revenue (Table 14)
- Metric: Percent of non-oil GDP.
- Key percent of non-oil GDP observations:
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 12.6; 2015: 13.2; 2016: 14.8; 2017: 15.1; 2018: 15.8; 2019: 15.7
  - GCC aggregate: 13.7; 2015: 14.2; 2016: 15.7; 2017: 15.9; 2018: 17.2; 2019: 17.4
  - Non-GCC oil exporters: 10.9; 2015: 11.3; 2016: 13.3; 2017: 13.8; 2018: 13.1; 2019: 12.2

### General Government Total Expenditure and Net Lending (Table 15)
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 29.4; 2015: 34.1; 2016: 32.6; 2017: 30.6; 2018: 30.6; 2019: 30.3
  - MENAP oil exporters average 2000–14: 30.4; 2015: 37.2; 2016: 35.2; 2017: 32.2; 2018: 32.2; 2019: 31.7
  - MENAP oil importers average 2000–14: 26.7; 2015: 26.7; 2016: 26.4; 2017: 26.2; 2018: 26.5; 2019: 26.4
  - CCA average 2000–14: 25.9; 2015: 27.6; 2016: 26.0; 2017: 27.8; 2018: 23.7; 2019: 23.4

### Total Government Gross Debt (Table 16)
- Notes: Banking system claims only for some entries; includes oil revenue transferred to oil funds and public enterprise and central bank debts for others; debt figures include IMF obligations in specified series.
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 37.6; 2015: 39.3; 2016: 32.8; 2017: 33.8; 2018: 37.3; 2019: 38.3
  - MENAP oil exporters 2015: -14.6; 2016: 3.6; 2017: 8.6; 2018: 15.6; 2019: 15.4 (series includes negative values for some years)
  - MENAP oil importers 2015: 72.8; 2016: 78.4; 2017: 79.0; 2018: 77.9; 2019: 77.6 (high debt levels relative to GDP)

### MENAP: Total Government Net Debt (Table 17)
- Notes: Debt figures include IMF obligations; consolidated accounts and other country-specific notes apply.
- (Percent of GDP)
- Key percent of GDP observations:
  - MENAP average 2000–14: 19.8; 2015: 19.3; 2016: 32.8; 2017: 33.8; 2018: 37.3; 2019: 38.3
  - MENAP oil exporters series: 2015: -14.6; 2016: 3.6; 2017: 8.6; 2018: 15.6; 2019: 15.4
  - MENAP oil importers and country-level net debt expressed in absolute values (billions):
    - MENAP total (billions): 2000–14 average: 925.5; 2015: 1,144.4; 2016: 1,079.9; 2017: 1,207.9; 2018: 1,393.2; 2019: 1,427.4
    - MENAP oil exporters total (billions): 787.8; 2015: 976.1; 2016: 925.1; 2017: 1,043.2; 2018: 1,204.4; 2019: 1,220.4
    - Selected country net debt (billions): Saudi Arabia 2000–14: 229.1; 2015: 218.0; 2016: 200.8; 2017: 239.1; 2018: 302.6; 2019: 307.8; United Arab Emirates 2000–14: 197.0; 2015: 361.2; 2016: 360.6; 2017: 379.0; 2018: 402.8; 2019: 414.6

*Sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.*

### Section 3

### reo-statistical-appendix-cca - Section 3

### Exports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Tunisia: 17.2, 17.5, 17.0, 17.6, 21.1, 20.8
- CCA: 92.3, 111.5, 94.9, 114.1, 139.8, 146.6
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 84.0, 98.9, 81.7, 98.5, 121.8, 127.2
- Azerbaijan: 19.0, 20.0, 17.6, 19.8, 23.8, 25.6
- Kazakhstan: 49.5, 53.0, 43.6, 55.7, 70.4, 71.7
- Turkmenistan: 16.3, 12.8, 8.0, 8.5, 10.7, 12.2
- Uzbekistan: 9.0, 13.1, 12.6, 14.4, 16.9, 17.8
- CCA oil and gas importers: 8.3, 12.7, 13.1, 15.7, 18.0, 19.3
- Armenia: 1.8, 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, 5.0, 5.3
- Georgia: 3.3, 6.2, 6.3, 7.6, 9.1, 9.8
- Kyrgyz Republic: 2.0, 2.5, 2.4, 2.7, 2.7, 2.9
- Tajikistan: 1.1, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2
- Memorandum — MENA: 903.1, 1,113.0, 1,051.4, 1,179.3, 1,361.6, 1,390.8
- Memorandum — MENA oil importers: 115.2, 136.9, 126.3, 136.1, 157.2, 170.4
- GCC: 606.1, 796.8, 741.0, 827.5, 956.4, 986.3
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 181.8, 179.3, 184.1, 215.7, 248.0, 234.1
- Arab World: 822.1, 1,038.6, 957.0, 1,076.5, 1,264.1, 1,315.0
- West Bank and Gaza: 1.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7, 2.7, 2.8
- Conflict Countries: 58.5, 66.9, 57.2, 75.3, 104.2, 111.2
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 738.2, 909.2, 867.9, 967.8, 1,100.2, 1,109.2
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 867.0, 1,077.5, 1,022.8, 1,132.6, 1,289.0, 1,316.1

### Imports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- MENAP average 2000–14: 722.5; 2015: 1,210.8; 2016: 1,152.9; 2017: 1,198.7; 2018: 1,291.4; 2019: 1,322.3
- MENAP oil exporters: 536.6, 944.7, 892.7, 918.4, 983.6, 999.1
- Algeria: 37.7, 63.7, 60.2, 60.2, 61.7, 61.6
- Bahrain: 15.4, 22.3, 21.1, 23.9, 26.7, 27.8
- Iran, I.R. of: 64.1, 74.0, 79.5, 93.6, 93.2, 76.0
- Iraq: 53.4, 73.6, 68.6, 68.9, 83.7, 93.9
- Kuwait: 29.9, 52.5, 52.6, 57.7, 60.7, 63.3
- Oman: 20.1, 36.8, 31.2, 34.9, 37.3, 38.7
- Qatar: 27.0, 59.3, 63.5, 62.2, 69.1, 70.6
- Saudi Arabia: 135.6, 247.3, 198.1, 196.1, 211.1, 217.9
- United Arab Emirates: 159.4, 305.8, 310.4, 314.1, 330.7, 338.1
- Yemen: 8.2, 9.5, 7.4, 6.8, 9.5, 11.3
- MENAP oil importers: 185.9, 266.1, 260.2, 280.3, 307.8, 323.2
- Egypt: 44.4, 72.4, 66.9, 68.2, 72.7, 80.8
- Jordan: 14.9, 22.7, 21.7, 22.9, 24.2, 24.6
- Lebanon: 21.9, 30.6, 30.8, 32.5, 36.5, 37.8
- Morocco: 29.8, 41.2, 45.1, 49.4, 55.4, 58.3
- Pakistan: 31.7, 50.1, 50.1, 58.3, 66.8, 69.6
- Somalia: ... , 4.0, 4.2, 4.7, 4.7, 4.8
- Sudan: 10.7, 10.1, 8.9, 9.7, 8.7, 8.3
- Tunisia: 19.0, 22.3, 21.5, 22.6, 26.0, 25.3
- CCA: 74.9, 115.8, 104.7, 109.8, 124.9, 130.1
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 60.5, 94.5, 84.5, 86.6, 97.8, 101.4
- Azerbaijan: 9.8, 18.4, 16.5, 17.1, 19.2, 19.6
- Kazakhstan: 35.5, 45.4, 39.1, 42.7, 45.6, 46.5
- Uzbekistan: 8.9, 14.3, 13.9, 15.0, 20.1, 21.5
- CCA oil and gas importers: 14.3, 21.3, 20.8, 23.2, 27.1, 28.7
- Memorandum — MENA: 686.5, 1,152.1, 1,095.3, 1,132.2, 1,215.8, 1,243.4
- GCC: 387.3, 724.0, 676.9, 689.0, 735.6, 756.3
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 149.2, 220.7, 215.8, 229.4, 248.0, 242.7
- Arab World: 622.5, 1,078.1, 1,015.8, 1,038.6, 1,122.7, 1,167.3
- West Bank and Gaza: 4.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.1, 8.4, 8.7
- Conflict Countries: 56.4, 83.1, 76.1, 75.6, 93.1, 105.1
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 489.1, 861.6, 816.7, 842.8, 890.5, 893.9
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 666.1, 1,127.7, 1,076.8, 1,123.1, 1,198.2, 1,217.1

### Current Account Balance (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- MENAP: 196.1, -123.1, -119.5, -21.4, 62.9, 67.3
- MENAP oil exporters: 213.7, -83.0, -67.8, 36.0, 120.4, 124.7
- Algeria: 12.8, -27.3, -26.5, -22.1, -16.9, -15.9
- Bahrain: 1.4, -0.8, -1.5, -1.6, -1.0, -1.0
- Iran, I.R. of: 17.8, 1.2, 16.3, 9.5, 5.8, 0.9
- Iraq: 3.7, -11.6, -13.4, 4.3, 15.8, 7.9
- Kuwait: 37.7, 4.0, -5.1, 7.1, 16.4, 16.8
- Libya: 11.2, -9.3, -4.6, 2.6, 0.7, 1.5
- Oman: 3.9, -11.0, -12.3, -10.8, -2.7, -0.4
- Qatar: 22.2, 13.8, -8.3, 6.4, 9.1, 13.4
- Saudi Arabia: 76.7, -56.7, -23.9, 15.2, 64.7, 70.0
- United Arab Emirates: 27.9, 17.6, 13.2, 26.5, 31.2, 34.0
- Yemen: -0.4, -2.8, -1.9, -1.2, -2.7, -2.6
- MENAP oil importers: -17.7, -40.1, -51.7, -57.3, -57.5, -57.4
- Egypt: -1.4, -12.1, -19.8, -14.9, -6.4, -7.3
- Jordan: -1.6, -3.4, -3.7, -4.3, -4.0, -3.8
- Lebanon: -5.1, -9.1, -11.2, -12.4, -14.5, -15.2
- Mauritania: -0.5, -1.0, -0.7, -0.7, -0.8, -0.9
- Morocco: -3.4, -2.2, -4.4, -3.9, -5.0, -5.5
- Pakistan: -2.8, -2.7, -4.9, -12.4, -18.2, ...
- Somalia: ..., -0.3, -0.4, -0.5, -0.5, -0.4
- Sudan: -3.0, -5.5, -4.2, -4.8, -4.7, -4.5
- Tunisia: -1.8, -3.8, -3.7, -4.2, -4.0, -3.6
- CCA: 5.8, -14.0, -20.3, -8.3, -4.5, -3.1
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 8.0, -10.5, -17.1, -6.3, -1.0, 0.5
- Azerbaijan: 6.9, -0.2, -1.4, 1.7, 3.0, 3.9
- Kazakhstan: 0.6, -5.1, -8.9, -5.4, -0.3, 0.3
- Turkmenistan: -2.1, -5.6, -7.2, -4.4, -3.5, -3.0
- Uzbekistan: 1.3, 0.5, 0.4, 1.7, -0.2, -0.8
- CCA oil and gas importers: -2.2, -3.5, -3.2, -2.0, -3.6, -3.7
- Armenia: -0.7, -0.3, -0.2, -0.3, -0.5, -0.5
- Georgia: -1.1, -1.7, -1.8, -1.3, -1.7, -1.8
- Kyrgyz Republic: -0.2, -1.1, -0.8, -0.3, -1.0, -1.0
- Tajikistan: -0.2, -0.5, -0.4, 0.0, -0.3, -0.3
- Memorandum — MENA: 196.5, -120.9, -116.1, -9.9, 80.1, 83.0
- GCC: 169.7, -33.1, -37.8, 42.9, 117.7, 132.9
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 44.1, -49.8, -30.0, -6.9, 2.7, -8.2
- Arab World: 178.7, -122.2, -132.4, -19.4, 74.3, 82.2
- West Bank and Gaza: -1.1, -2.1, -1.3, -1.6, -1.9, -2.1
- Conflict countries: 13.2, -23.8, -19.8, 5.7, 13.9, 6.8
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 200.3, -59.2, -48.0, 30.3, 106.6, 117.9
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 182.8, -99.3, -99.7, -27.1, 49.1, 60.5

### Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP)
- MENAP: 8.9, -4.0, -3.9, -0.7, 1.8, 1.9
- MENAP oil exporters: 12.6, -3.8, -3.1, 1.6, 4.7, 4.8
- Algeria: 11.4, -16.4, -16.5, -13.2, -9.0, -7.9
- Bahrain: 6.3, -2.4, -4.6, -4.5, -2.5, -2.3
- Iran, I.R. of: 4.8, 0.3, 4.0, 2.2, 1.3, 0.3
- Iraq: 0.6, -6.5, -7.8, 2.3, 6.9, 3.1
- Kuwait: 33.3, 3.5, -4.6, 5.9, 11.3, 11.0
- Libya: 16.9, -54.4, -24.7, 8.4, 1.5, 2.9
- Oman: 8.9, -15.9, -18.7, -15.2, -3.3, -0.5
- Qatar: 21.0, 8.5, -5.5, 3.8, 4.8, 6.6
- Saudi Arabia: 16.3, -8.7, -3.7, 2.2, 8.4, 8.8
- United Arab Emirates: 10.6, 4.9, 3.7, 6.9, 7.2, 7.5
- Yemen: -0.1, -6.2, -5.1, -4.0, -9.3, -7.4
- MENAP oil importers: -2.2, -4.3, -5.5, -6.6, -6.5, -6.1
- Egypt: 0.0, -3.7, -6.0, -6.3, -2.6, -2.4
- Jordan: -6.2, -9.1, -9.5, -10.6, -9.6, -8.6
- Lebanon: -16.0, -18.3, -21.7, -22.8, -25.6, -25.5
- Mauritania: -14.3, -19.8, -15.1, -14.4, -16.0, -17.2
- Morocco: -3.5, -2.1, -4.2, -3.6, -4.3, -4.5
- Pakistan: -1.3, -1.0, -1.7, -4.1, -5.9, -5.3
- Somalia: ..., -4.7, -6.3, -6.6, -6.3, -5.7
- Sudan: ..., -8.3, -7.6, -10.5, -14.2, -13.1
- Tunisia: -4.5, -8.9, -8.8, -10.5, -9.6, -8.5
- CCA: 1.0, -3.7, -6.4, -2.5, -1.3, -0.8
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 2.3, -3.1, -6.1, -2.2, -0.3, 0.1
- Azerbaijan: 9.0, -0.4, -3.6, 4.1, 6.6, 8.1
- Kazakhstan: -0.6, -2.8, -6.5, -3.4, -0.2, 0.2
- Turkmenistan: -7.4, -15.6, -19.9, -11.5, -8.2, -6.4
- Uzbekistan: 5.2, 0.7, 0.6, 3.5, -0.5, -1.5
- CCA oil and gas importers: -7.8, -8.9, -8.4, -4.9, -8.0, -7.7
- Armenia: -8.9, -2.6, -2.3, -2.8, -3.8, -3.8
- Georgia: -11.0, -12.0, -12.8, -8.9, -10.5, -10.2
- Kyrgyz Republic: -2.3, -16.0, -11.6, -4.0, -12.3, -11.8
- Tajikistan: -4.3, -6.0, -5.2, -0.5, -4.7, -4.3
- Memorandum — MENA: 9.6, -4.3, -4.2, -0.3, 2.6, 2.6
- GCC: 16.5, -2.4, -2.8, 2.9, 7.1, 7.7
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 6.9, -6.4, -3.8, -0.8, 0.3, -0.9
- Arab World: 10.6, -5.0, -5.5, -0.8, 2.7, 2.8
- West Bank and Gaza: -17.3, -16.3, -10.1, -10.9, -12.7, -13.4
- Conflict countries: 7.3, -9.9, -8.8, 2.2, 4.6, 2.0
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 13.1, -3.1, -2.5, 1.5, 4.7, 5.2
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 9.0, -3.5, -3.5, -0.9, 1.6, 1.9

### Gross Official Reserves (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- MENAP: 760.0, 1,315.0, 1,179.9, 1,129.0, 1,175.9, 1,214.3
- MENAP oil exporters: 676.0, 1,189.5, 1,048.4, 984.0, 1,025.6, 1,072.1
- Algeria: 104.7, 142.6, 112.9, 96.1, 81.9, 66.6
- Bahrain: 3.4, 3.4, 2.4, 2.6, 2.3, 2.0
- Iran, I.R. of: 60.8, 128.4, 120.7, 111.7, 99.8, 93.1
- Iraq: 41.1, 53.6, 45.1, 49.0, 67.1, 80.0
- Kuwait: 17.3, 28.3, 31.2, 33.1, 37.5, 38.9
- Libya: 66.4, 71.0, 64.3, 70.8, 72.5, 67.5
- Oman: 8.8, 17.5, 20.3, 16.1, 16.8, 17.6
- Qatar: 15.0, 37.2, 31.7, 14.9, 19.7, 24.7
- Saudi Arabia: 326.2, 611.9, 533.6, 493.8, 520.2, 558.2
- United Arab Emirates: 35.6, 94.0, 85.4, 95.4, 107.2, 122.4
- Yemen: 5.1, 1.5, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 1.0
- MENAP oil importers: 84.0, 125.5, 131.5, 145.0, 150.3, 142.2
- Afghanistan, Rep of: ... , 6.8, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.2
- Djibouti: 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 0.6
- Egypt: 21.3, 19.5, 17.1, 30.7, 43.5, 44.5
- Jordan: 8.5, 16.6, 15.5, 15.6, 16.2, 17.5
- Lebanon: 18.6, 36.7, 40.2, 40.6, 36.4, 31.1
- Morocco: 17.5, 22.8, 25.1, 25.6, 27.5, 29.0
- Pakistan: 8.3, 13.5, 18.1, 16.1, 9.8, 2.4
- Tunisia: 6.2, 7.4, 5.9, 5.9, 6.4, 7.0
- CCA: 35.7, 63.5, 67.6, 72.7, 74.5, 76.0
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 31.7, 57.2, 60.2, 64.2, 66.0, 67.2
- Azerbaijan: 5.4, 5.0, 4.0, 5.2, 6.2, 6.7
- Kazakhstan: 16.6, 27.9, 29.7, 30.8, 31.5, 32.5
- Uzbekistan: 9.7, 24.3, 26.5, 28.1, 28.3, 28.0
- CCA oil and gas importers: 4.0, 6.3, 7.4, 8.6, 8.5, 8.9
- Memorandum — MENA: 750.2, 1,294.7, 1,154.4, 1,104.7, 1,157.9, 1,203.7
- GCC: 406.2, 792.4, 704.6, 655.9, 703.8, 763.8
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 269.8, 397.1, 343.9, 328.1, 321.8, 308.3
- Arab World: 689.5, 1,166.3, 1,033.7, 993.0, 1,058.1, 1,110.6
- Conflict countries: 104.3, 126.1, 110.2, 120.4, 140.1, 148.5
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 571.7, 1,063.4, 938.2, 863.6, 885.5, 923.6
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 655.7, 1,189.0, 1,069.7, 1,008.6, 1,035.8, 1,065.7

### Total Gross External Debt (Percent of GDP)
- MENAP: 30.2, 32.3, 38.1, 40.1, 39.7, 40.7
- MENAP oil exporters: 25.4, 30.3, 37.1, 36.7, 35.3, 36.5
- Afghanistan, Rep. of: 85.6, 6.1, 6.2, 5.8, 6.1, 6.3
- Djibouti: 57.5, 69.3, 87.8, 97.4, 102.9, 105.6
- Egypt: 22.7, 14.5, 16.8, 33.4, 35.8, 31.6
- Jordan: 72.4, 65.8, 66.9, 66.4, 70.1, 73.1
- Lebanon: 164.3, 168.4, 182.6, 182.4, 183.3, 183.6
- Mauritania: 121.5, 104.3, 110.1, 108.1, 103.7, 86.2
- Morocco: 29.3, 33.4, 33.7, 35.5, 34.6, 34.0
- Pakistan: 33.3, 24.1, 26.5, 27.4, 31.5, 35.1
- Tunisia: 55.7, 62.7, 66.8, 80.0, 82.6, 89.2
- CCA: 54.2, 57.3, 74.1, 75.9, 73.0, 70.8
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 53.5, 54.8, 72.6, 74.4, 71.7, 69.3
- Azerbaijan: 11.2, 23.6, 45.1, 51.2, 45.8, 43.6
- Kazakhstan: 76.4, 83.2, 119.2, 105.1, 96.8, 94.7
- Turkmenistan: ... , 21.8, 23.1, 25.1, 26.7, 29.0
- Uzbekistan: 25.9, 17.7, 19.4, 32.0, 36.8, 33.5
- CCA oil and gas importers: 62.3, 78.4, 85.0, 86.2, 81.9, 81.5
- Armenia: 52.6, 84.1, 93.0, 89.8, 82.8, 79.6
- Kyrgyz Republic: 91.1, 85.2, 82.7, 77.6, 73.0, 72.3
- Tajikistan: 56.1, 51.3, 61.2, 68.8, 68.6, 69.3
- Memorandum — MENA: 29.7, 33.3, 39.4, 41.7, 40.7, 41.4
- GCC: 27.7, 41.0, 52.0, 51.2, 48.4, 47.9
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 22.7, 10.8, 10.8, 10.7, 10.7, 12.2
- Arab World: 35.5, 38.1, 45.8, 48.9, 47.0, 46.0
- West Bank and Gaza: 13.0, 8.4, 7.8, 7.2, 6.9, 6.8
- Conflict countries: ... , 32.2, 34.1, 33.7, 31.0, 30.3
- MENAP oil exporters, excluding conflict countries: 22.2, 30.1, 37.4, 37.0, 35.8, 37.2
- MENAP, excluding conflict countries: 26.7, 32.3, 38.3, 40.6, 40.4, 41.6

### Gross Official Reserves (Months of Imports)
- Calculated as reserves in months of next year's imports.
- MENAP (Dec-14 to Dec-17 series): 9.6, 13.0, 11.2, 9.9, 10.1, 10.1
- MENAP oil exporters: 10.8, 15.0, 12.9, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7
- Algeria: 26.9, 28.4, 22.5, 18.7, 16.0, 13.8
- Bahrain: 2.5, 1.9, 1.2, 1.2, 1.0, 0.8
- Iran, I.R. of: 9.6, 19.4, 15.5, 14.4, 15.8, 14.8
- Iraq: 7.8, 9.4, 7.9, 7.0, 8.6, 9.5
- Kuwait: 6.2, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7.1, 7.1
- Oman: 4.6, 6.7, 7.0, 5.2, 5.2, 5.2
- Qatar: 4.8, 7.0, 6.1, 2.6, 3.4, 4.3
- Saudi Arabia: 22.1, 37.1, 32.6, 28.1, 28.7, 29.6
- United Arab Emirates: 2.6, 3.6, 3.3, 3.5, 3.8, 4.2
- Yemen: 7.8, 2.5, 1.4, 0.8, 0.5, 1.0
- MENAP oil importers: 5.5, 5.9, 5.7, 5.7, 5.7, 5.1
- Afghanistan, Rep of: ..., 10.9, 10.8, 11.2, 10.6, 9.9
- Djibouti: 2.9, 5.0, 4.8, 6.4, 6.4, 6.0
- Egypt: 6.0, 3.5, 3.0, 5.1, 6.5, 6.1
- Jordan: 6.4, 9.1, 8.1, 7.7, 7.9, 8.3
- Lebanon: 8.7, 14.3, 14.8, 13.4, 11.6, 9.7
- Morocco: 7.1, 6.0, 6.0, 6.1, 5.5, 5.7
- Pakistan: 3.0, 3.2, 3.7, 2.9, 1.7, 0.4
- Tunisia: 3.5, 4.1, 3.2, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3
- CCA: 5.0, 8.4, 8.3, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 5.6, 9.9, 9.7, 9.1, 9.0, 8.9
- Uzbekistan: 9.7, 21.0, 21.2, 16.8, 15.8, 14.4
- Memorandum — MENA: 9.9, 13.5, 11.6, 10.2, 10.5, 10.7
- GCC: 9.9, 14.0, 12.3, 10.7, 11.2, 11.8
- Non-GCC oil exporters: 13.1, 18.1, 14.6, 12.5, 12.3, 11.7
- Arab World: 10.0, 13.0, 11.3, 9.9, 10.2, 10.4

### Capital Adequacy Ratios (Percent of risk-weighted assets)
- Dec-14 to Dec-17 series (selected):
  - MENAP — Oil exporters: Algeria 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, ..., 2.0
  - Bahrain: 1.4, 1.4, 1.5, 0.2, ..., 1.2, 1.5
  - Kuwait: 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.2
  - Oman: 1.6, 1.5, 1.5, ..., 1.5
  - Qatar: 2.1, 2.0, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6, 1.6, 1.5
  - Saudi Arabia: 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0
  - United Arab Emirates: 1.7, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7
  - MENAP — Oil importers: Afghanistan, Rep. of: 0.9, 0.2, 1.6, 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7
  - Egypt: 1.3, 1.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0
  - Lebanon: 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, ..., 1.6
  - Pakistan: 2.2, 2.5, 2.1, 1.9, 1.8, 1.6
  - CCA — Armenia: 1.0, -0.5, 1.1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2
  - CCA — Georgia: 2.6, 2.3, 2.8, 3.5, 3.0, 2.8
  - CCA — Kazakhstan: 1.5, 1.0, 1.6, 1.5, 1.6, -0.2, -0.1
  - Memorandum — West Bank and Gaza: 1.7, 1.5, 1.5, 1.4, 1.6, 1.6, 1.5

### Return on Assets (Pre-tax, percent)
- Dec-14 to Dec-17 series (selected):
  - MENAP — Oil exporters: Algeria 9.2, 9.8, 11.9, ..., 12.3
  - Bahrain: 4.6, 3.9, 5.3, 5.7, ..., 5.8, 5.5
  - Kuwait: 2.9, 2.4, 2.2, 2.5, 2.4, 2.5, 1.9
  - Qatar: 1.7, 1.6, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.5, 1.6
  - Saudi Arabia: 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
  - United Arab Emirates: 6.7, 6.0, 6.1, 6.1, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8
  - MENAP — Oil importers: Afghanistan, Rep. of: 7.8, 12.1, 12.7, 13.6, 17.9, 17.7, 12.2
  - Egypt: 8.5, 6.8, 5.8, 5.7, 5.5, 5.3, 4.9
  - Morocco: 6.8, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6, 7.3, 7.6, 7.5
  - Pakistan: 12.3, 11.4, 10.1, 9.9, 9.3, 9.2
  - CCA — Azerbaijan: 10.6, 13.9, 21.0, ..., 23.7
  - CCA — Kazakhstan: 23.5, 8.0, 6.7, 7.7, 10.7, 12.7, 9.3
  - CCA — Tajikistan: 25.1, 29.9, 54.0, 50.8, 50.3, 48.8, 36.5
  - Memorandum — West Bank and Gaza: 2.5, 2.3, 2.2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.4, 2.3

### Nonperforming Loans (90-day basis, percent of total loans)
- Dec-14 to Dec-17 series (selected):
  - MENAP — Oil exporters: Algeria: 16.0, 18.4, 18.9, ..., 19.6 (Dec-17)
  - Bahrain (Conventional retail banks only): 18.3, 18.6, 20.1, 20.3, ..., 20.4, 21.0
  - Kuwait: 16.9, 17.5, 18.6, 18.8, 18.3, 18.2, 18.4
  - Oman: 14.2, 13.6, 15.0, ..., 16.5
  - Qatar: 16.3, 15.6, 16.1, 15.7, 15.7, 15.6, 16.8
  - Saudi Arabia: 17.9, 18.1, 19.5, 18.9, 19.2, 19.4, 20.4
  - United Arab Emirates (national banks only): 18.1, 18.3, 18.9, 18.9, 18.6, 18.5, 18.1
  - MENAP — Oil importers: Afghanistan, Rep. of: 26.5, 19.9, 27.7, 27.4, 28.0, 30.4, 30.3
  - Egypt: 13.9, 13.7, 14.1, 14.7, 14.5, 14.7, 15.2
  - Jordan: 18.4, 19.1, 19.0, ...
  - Lebanon: 14.9, 15.1, 16.6, ..., 15.7
  - Morocco: 13.8, 13.7, 14.2, ...
  - Pakistan: 17.1, 17.3, 16.2, 15.9, 15.6, 15.4, ...
  - Sudan: ..., 20.2, 18.8, 21.0, ..., 16.2
  - CCA — Armenia: 14.5, 16.2, 20.0, 20.0, 19.5, 19.1, 18.6
  - CCA — Azerbaijan: 19.2, 15.2, 9.1, ..., 14.0, ...
  - CCA — Georgia: 25.5, 26.0, 23.2, 25.4, 24.8, 24.2, 22.5
  - CCA — Kazakhstan: 16.8, 15.9, 16.4, 17.1, 16.8, 16.4, 22.1
  - CCA — Tajikistan (Tier I capital as percent of risk-weighted assets): 12.0, 8.3, 26.4, 30.3, 28.5, 28.3, 28.1
  - CCA — Turkmenistan: 15.6, 14.9, 20.5, 19.3, 17.9, 19.5, 19.8
  - CCA — Uzbekistan: 23.8, 14.7, 14.7, 14.9, 13.8, 15.5, 18.8
- Notes on tables:
  - Table 18–27 sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.
  - West Bank and Gaza is not a member of the IMF and is not included in any of the aggregates where noted.
  - Specific table footnotes and methodological notes are retained in the source tables (e.g., exclusions of re-exports, central bank only, sovereign wealth funds, Basel II/III changes, overdue definitions).

*Source: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/mcd-cca/2018/november/en/cca/reo-statistical-appendix-cca.pdf_