## reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix

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---

### Coverage and data notes
- ME&CA countries and territories comprise Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Kyrgyz Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, the West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen.
- Statistical appendix tables contain data for 32 ME&CA countries and territories.
- Data revisions reflect changes in methodology and/or revisions provided by country authorities.
- The 2021 and 2022 data in the tables are projections based on statistical information available through late September 2021.
- Projections omitted from aggregations:
  - Afghanistan: all projections for 2021–22 omitted and excluded from aggregations due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty.
  - Lebanon: all projections for 2021–22 omitted due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty.
  - Syria: all data omitted and excluded from aggregates from 2011 onward due to the uncertain political situation.
- Calendar year exceptions:
  - Afghanistan (March 21 to March 20 until 2011, and December 21 to December 20 thereafter),
  - Iran (March 21 to March 20),
  - Egypt and Pakistan (July to June) except inflation.
- Tables 7 and 8 use the calendar year for all aggregates and countries, except Iran (Iranian calendar year beginning on March 21).
- In Tables 3, 6, 13, and 14, “oil” includes gas.
- Aggregation: arithmetically weighted averages for all composites except consumer price index, for which geometric averages are used.

### Assumptions used for projections
- Assumes established policies of national authorities will be maintained.
- Oil price assumptions: US$65.68 a barrel in 2021 and US$64.52 a barrel in 2022. [Simple average of prices of U.K. Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil.]
- Six-month LIBOR on US dollar deposits: 0.2 percent in 2021 and 0.4 percent in 2022.
- Projections described as working hypotheses rather than forecasts; uncertainties add to the margin of error.

### Country groupings and regional definitions
- ME&CA grouping into three nonoverlapping groups:
  - Oil Exporters (ME&CA OE): Algeria (ALG), Azerbaijan (AZE), Bahrain (BHR), Iran (IRN), Iraq (IRQ), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kuwait (KWT), Libya (LBY), Oman (PMN), Qatar (QAT), Saudi Arabia (SAU), Turkmenistan (TKM), United Arab Emirates (UAE).
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries (ME&CA EM&MI): Armenia (ARM), Egypt (EGY), Georgia (GEO), Jordan (JOR), Lebanon (LBN), Morocco (MAR), Pakistan (PAK), Syrian Arab Republic (SYR), Tunisia (TUN), West Bank and Gaza (WBG).
  - Low-Income Developing Countries (ME&CA LIC): Afghanistan (AFG), Djibouti (DJI), Kyrgyz Republic (KGZ), Mauritania (MRT), Somalia (SOM), Sudan (SDN), Tajikistan (TJK), Uzbekistan (UZB), Yemen (YEM).
- CCA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
  - CCA oil exporters: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
  - CCA oil importers: Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan.
- MENA and related groupings defined explicitly (list preserved in source).
- GCC: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries (FCS): Afghanistan, Djibouti, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Yemen.
- ME&CA OE, ME&CA EM&MI, and ME&CA LIC aggregates first introduced in the April 2021 REO as MCD OE, MCD EM&MI, and MCD LIC.

### Aggregation and weighting rules
- Domestic economy composites (Tables 1, 3, 7–8) weighted by GDP at purchasing power parities (PPPs) as a share of total ME&CA or group GDP.
- Broad money growth composites (Table 9) weighted by GDP converted to U.S. dollars at market exchange rates (both GDP and exchange rates averaged over the preceding three years) as a share of ME&CA or group GDP.
- Fiscal aggregates (Tables 10–16) are sums of individual country data converted to US dollars at average market exchange rates, and expressed as percent of aggregate GDP in US dollars.
- External economy composites in nominal terms (Tables 17–19 and 21) are sums of individual country data; in percent of GDP (Tables 20 and 22) are weighted by GDP in US dollars as a share of ME&CA or group GDP in US dollars.
- Composites in Tables 2, 4, and 5 are sums of the individual country data.

### Conventions
- Ellipsis points (. . .) indicate “not available.”
- 0 or 0.0 indicates “zero” or “negligible.”
- Minor discrepancies between sums of constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.

### Key statistics and projections — Real GDP Growth (Table 1)
- Middle East and Central Asia aggregate: Average 2000–17 = 4.7; 2018 = 2.2; 2019 = 1.5; 2020 = -2.8; 2021 = 4.1; 2022 = 4.1.
- Oil Exporters aggregate: Average 4.9; 2018 = 0.9; 2019 = 0.4; 2020 = -4.1; 2021 = 4.5; 2022 = 4.0.
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries aggregate: Average 4.3; 2018 = 4.6; 2019 = 3.3; 2020 = -0.6; 2021 = 3.6; 2022 = 4.2.
- Low-Income Developing Countries aggregate: Average 4.5; 2018 = 2.1; 2019 = 3.0; 2020 = -1.5; 2021 = 3.4; 2022 = 4.4.
- CCA: Average 7.0; 2018 = 3.9; 2019 = 3.8; 2020 = -2.2; 2021 = 4.3; 2022 = 4.1.
- MENA: Average 4.5; 2018 = 1.4; 2019 = 1.0; 2020 = -3.2; 2021 = 4.1; 2022 = 4.1.
- Selected country examples (annual change; percent):
  - Algeria: 2000–17 = 3.5; 2018 = 1.2; 2019 = 0.8; 2020 = -4.9; 2021 = 3.4; 2022 = 1.9.
  - Iran: 2000–17 = 3.9; 2018 = -6.0; 2019 = -6.8; 2020 = 3.4; 2021 = 2.5; 2022 = 2.0.
  - Iraq: 2000–17 = 10.4; 2018 = 4.7; 2019 = 5.8; 2020 = -15.7; 2021 = 3.6; 2022 = 10.5.
  - Libya: 2000–17 = 2.1; 2018 = 17.9; 2019 = 13.2; 2020 = -59.7; 2021 = 123.2; 2022 = 5.3.

### Key statistics and projections — Nominal GDP (Table 2, Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: Average 2000–17 = 2,550.4; 2018 = 3,838.2; 2019 = 3,989.9; 2020 = 3,890.8; 2021 = 4,577.9; 2022 = 4,857.2.
- Oil Exporters: Average 1,843.7; 2018 = 2,815.2; 2019 = 2,938.9; 2020 = 2,839.6; 2021 = 3,447.6; 2022 = 3,629.9.
- CCA aggregate: 2000–17 = 248.1; 2018 = 365.7; 2019 = 384.1; 2020 = 363.7; 2021 = 413.0; 2022 = 443.8.
- MENA: 2000–17 = 2,117.6; 2018 = 3,141.1; 2019 = 3,310.0; 2020 = 2,345.3; 2021 = 3,865.9; 2022 = 4,090.8.
- Selected country examples (billions of U.S. dollars):
  - Saudi Arabia: 2000–17 = 474.1; 2018 = 786.5; 2019 = 793.0; 2020 = 700.1; 2021 = 842.6; 2022 = 876.1.
  - Iran: 2000–17 = 352.7; 2018 = 456.6; 2019 = 581.3; 2020 = 835.4; 2021 = 1,081.4; 2022 = 1,136.7.
  - Egypt: 2000–17 = 190.5; 2018 = 250.3; 2019 = 302.3; 2020 = 363.2; 2021 = 396.3; 2022 = 438.3.

### Oil exporters — Oil and Non-Oil Real GDP Growth (Table 3)
- Non-Oil GDP (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 6.0; 2018 = 2.3; 2019 = 2.8; 2020 = -3.6; 2021 = 3.9; 2022 = 3.4.
- Oil GDP (Oil exporters): Average 4.0; 2018 = -2.2; 2019 = -7.5; 2020 = -3.9; 2021 = 5.3; 2022 = 4.4.
- Examples:
  - Iraq Non-Oil: 2000–17 = 9.8; 2018 = 15.6; 2019 = 9.0; 2020 = -20.2; 2021 = 9.6; 2022 = 7.6.
  - Libya Oil GDP: 2000–17 = 14.1; 2018 = 19.4; 2019 = 13.7; 2020 = -72.7; 2021 = 233.3; 2022 = 5.0.

### Crude oil and natural gas production and exports (Tables 4–5; Millions of barrels per day)
- Crude oil production (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 26.6; 2018 = 130.55; 2019 = 129.02; 2020 = 126.18; 2021 = 126.86; 2022 = 128.66.
- Natural gas production (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 10.35; 2018 = 16.78; 2019 = 17.00; 2020 = 16.76; 2021 = 17.75; 2022 = 17.91.
- Crude oil exports (ME&CA Oil Exporters): Average 2000–17 = 19.66; 2018 = 22.04; 2019 = 20.64; 2020 = 18.30; 2021 = 18.80; 2022 = 20.64.
- Natural gas exports (ME&CA Oil Exporters): Average 2000–17 = 4.00; 2018 = 5.83; 2019 = 5.80; 2020 = 5.44; 2021 = 5.92; 2022 = 5.87.
- Country examples:
  - Saudi Arabia crude production: 2000–17 = 9.02; 2018 = 10.31; 2019 = 9.81; 2020 = 9.22; 2021 = 9.10; 2022 = 9.91.
  - Qatar natural gas production: 2000–17 = 2.35; 2018 = 4.45; 2019 = 4.46; 2020 = 4.45; 2021 = 4.54; 2022 = 4.70.
  - Qatar natural gas exports: 2000–17 = 1.49; 2018 = 2.64; 2019 = 2.63; 2020 = 2.56; 2021 = 2.59; 2022 = 2.62.

### Breakeven oil prices (Table 6; U.S. dollars per barrel)
- Fiscal breakeven oil price (selected countries):
  - Algeria: 2018 = 101.4; 2019 = 106.3; 2020 = 83.6; 2021 = 141.6; 2022 = 116.6.
  - Iran, Islamic Republic of: 2018 = 82.1; 2019 = 75.9; 2020 = 197.8; 2021 = 245.9; 2022 = 361.8; 2022 (column shows) = 389.1.
  - Qatar: 2018 = 44.5; 2019 = 49.3; 2020 = 50.6; 2021 = 48.8; 2022 = 46.5; 2022 = 44.1.
- External breakeven oil price (selected):
  - Algeria: 2018 = 102.1; 2019 = 97.6; 2020 = 80.6; 2021 = 91.5; 2022 = 82.6.
  - Iran, Islamic Republic of: 2018 = 41.3; 2019 = 31.6; 2020 = 40.8; 2021 = 36.2; 2022 = 31.6; 2022 = 34.1.
  - United Arab Emirates: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 28.3; 2020 = 26.3; 2021 = 29.9; 2022 = 23.2; 2022 = 25.0.

### Consumer price inflation and core inflation (Tables 7–8; Year average; percent)
- Consumer price inflation — Middle East and Central Asia: 2019 = 8.8; 2020 = 6.7; 2021 = 10.0; 2022 = 11.9; 2022 = 8.6.
- Selected countries (consumer price inflation):
  - Iran: 2019 = 30.2; 2020 = 34.6; 2021 = 36.4; 2022 = 39.3; 2022 = 27.5.
  - Egypt: 2019 = 14.4; 2020 = 9.2; 2021 = 5.4; 2022 = 5.8; 2022 = 7.3.
  - Tunisia: 2019 = 7.3; 2020 = 6.7; 2021 = 5.6; 2022 = 5.7; 2022 = 6.5.
- Low-Income Developing Countries aggregate (consumer inflation): 2000–17 = 12.9; 2018 = 24.9; 2019 = 19.5; 2020 = 39.1; 2021 = 49.2; 2022 = 19.7.
- Core consumer price inflation (Table 8) reported in source as compact series (values presented verbatim in source): Middle East and Central Asia: ...10.78.310.511.77.8; Oil Exporters: ...9.38.110.811.88.7; etc. (country-level core series preserved in source tables).

### Monetary aggregates — Broad Money Growth (Table 9; Annual change; percent)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 16.19.810.615.016.616.1 (series preserved as in source).
- Oil Exporters: 16.36.710.114.216.414.3.
- Selected country series (examples):
  - Iran, Islamic Republic of: 25.823.131.340.642.633.0.
  - Saudi Arabia: 10.52.77.18.37.44.0.
  - United Arab Emirates: 15.02.58.04.69.35.8.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 13.511.19.114.013.421.8.
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: 28.339.725.737.443.520.1.
- Notes:
  - 1 Broad money is defined to include nonresident deposits (M5).
  - 2 Broad money includes currency, demand deposits, quasi money, and long-term deposits.

### Fiscal aggregates and balances (Tables 10–14; percent of GDP)
- Central Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Table 10) — Middle East and Central Asia: 0.7-2.5-3.5-7.4-4.6-4.1.
  - Oil Exporters: 2.7-1.0-2.2-7.3-3.9-3.3.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -6.2-7.1-7.7-8.1-7.5-7.1.
  - Low-Income Developing Countries members reported individually in source.
- General Government Fiscal Balance (Table 11) — Middle East and Central Asia: 1.4-2.0-3.2-8.0-4.5-3.8.
  - Oil Exporters: 3.7-0.5-2.0-8.3-3.8-3.1.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -6.0-6.9-7.3-7.6-7.2-6.5.
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: -2.2-2.1-3.1-3.5-3.3-2.9.
- General Government Total Revenue, Excluding Grants (Table 12) — Middle East and Central Asia: 30.227.826.622.923.123.6.
  - Oil Exporters: 33.730.929.324.224.524.8.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 20.319.819.219.619.320.3.
- Oil Exporters — Non-Oil Fiscal Balance (Table 13): ME&CA Oil Exporters: -38.3-31.5-28.5-26.3-27.2-25.9.
- Oil Exporters — Non-Oil Revenue (Table 14): ME&CA Oil Exporters: 14.116.217.315.514.714.5.

### Public debt indicators (Tables 15–16; Percent of GDP)
- Total Government Gross Debt (Table 15) — Middle East and Central Asia: 37.043.447.854.950.649.1.
  - Oil Exporters: 25.030.335.442.837.237.4.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 72.181.184.086.891.784.6.
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: 50.368.371.492.687.678.0.
- Selected country gross debt examples:
  - Egypt: 83.492.584.289.891.489.5.
  - Lebanon: ...154.0171.1150.4......
  - Sudan: 96.8186.7200.3272.9209.9176.6.
- MENAP Total Government Net Debt (Table 16) — Middle East and Central Asia: 20.930.636.140.440.640.0.
  - Oil Exporters: 0.18.216.123.022.824.0.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 67.577.380.080.987.480.4.
  - Selected country examples preserved in source table.

### External sector and reserves (Section 3; 2021 and 2022 projections)
- Exports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 1059.4; 2018 = 1542.3; 2019 = 1456.3; 2020 = 1073.4; 2021 = 1413.3; 2022 = 1518.1.
  - Oil Exporters: 889.6; 1316.7; 1218.9; 879.4; 1195.0; 1265.7.
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 141.3; 191.9; 199.0; 160.5; 179.0; 208.2.
- Imports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 889.4; 2018 = 1379.3; 2019 = 1374.1; 2020 = 1140.6; 2021 = 1288.3; 2022 = 1387.1.
- Current Account Balance (Billions of U.S. dollars):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 147.1; 2018 = 103.1; 2019 = 20.3; 2020 = -92.7; 2021 = 76.9; 2022 = 73.6.
- Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 6.3; 2018 = 2.7; 2019 = 0.5; 2020 = -2.4; 2021 = 1.7; 2022 = 1.5.
- Gross Official Reserves (Billions of U.S. dollars):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 87.3; 2018 = 1,242.3; 2019 = 1,141.1; 2020 = 1,075.4; 2021 = 1,164.7; 2022 = 1,234.5.
  - Oil Exporters: 761.7; 2018 = 1,061.5; 2019 = 962.2; 2020 = 885.4; 2021 = 980.1; 2022 = 1,035.2.
- Total Gross External Debt (Percent of GDP):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 33.2; 2018 = 44.6; 2019 = 47.6; 2020 = 53.7; 2021 = 46.5; 2022 = 43.2.
- Gross Official Reserves (Months of Imports):
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 9.4; 2018 = 10.3; 2019 = 11.3; 2020 = 9.4; 2021 = 9.6; 2022 = 9.7.

### Financial sector indicators (Section 4; Financial Soundness)
- Coverage notes:
  - Excludes overseas assets of sovereign wealth funds, gold, and encumbered assets.
  - Gross international reserves exclude reserve assets in non-convertible currencies.
  - In Djibouti, reserves-to-imports understates reserve coverage due to re-export activities.
- Capital Adequacy Ratios (Table 24; Percent of risk-weighted assets) — selected series (Mar-19 to Jun-21 as reported in source):
  - Azerbaijan: 22.0 (Mar-19), 25.0 (Jun-19).
  - Bahrain (retail banks): 18.9 (Mar-19), 19.2 (Jun-19), 20.0 (Sep-19), 20.4 (Dec-19), 17.8 (Mar-20), 19.2 (Jun-20), 19.8 (Sep-20), 20.0 (Dec-20), 19.8 (Mar-21), 20.7 (Jun-21).
  - Iraq: 65.8 (Mar-19), 62.6 (Jun-19), 53.9 (Sep-19), 53.5 (Dec-19), 53.6 (Mar-20), 59.3 (Jun-20).
  - Sample national series preserved exactly as in source for other countries (Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Armenia, Egypt, Georgia, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Afghanistan, Djibouti, Kyrgyz Republic, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan).
- Return on Assets (Table 25; Percent; before taxes) — selected series:
  - Azerbaijan: 8.0 (Sep-19), 6.0 (Mar-21).
  - Bahrain (retail banks): 6.6 (Mar-19), 6.4 (Jun-19), 6.5 (Sep-19), 6.3 (Dec-19), 5.6 (Mar-20), 5.3 (Jun-20), 5.2 (Sep-20), 5.1 (Dec-20), 4.9 (Mar-21), 4.6 (Jun-21).
  - Iran: 10.0 (Mar-19), 10.5 (Jun-19), 10.1 (Sep-19), 9.7 (Dec-19), 8.6 (Mar-20), 10.1 (Jun-20), 7.8 (Sep-20), 7.4 (Dec-20), 6.2 (Mar-21).
  - United Arab Emirates (national banks only): 5.7 (Mar-19), 6.1 (Jun-19), 6.4 (Sep-19), 6.5 (Dec-19), 6.9 (Mar-20), 7.4 (Jun-20), 7.7 (Sep-20), 8.2 (Dec-20), 8.3 (Mar-21), 8.2 (Jun-21).
  - Country-level series for many other economies preserved in source table.
- Nonperforming Loans (Table 26; Percent of total gross loans; 90-day basis):
  - Series Mar-19 to Jun-21 presented for multiple countries; country-level definitions and values preserved in source tables (examples: Armenia defined as loans overdue between at least 1 and 270 days; Tajikistan overdue by 30 days or more; Egypt data refer to end of fiscal year).

*Source: October 2021 Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia — Statistical Appendix (Section 1).*

### Section 1

### reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix - Section 1

### Coverage and data notes
- The IMF’s Middle East and Central Asia (ME&CA) countries and territories comprise Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Kyrgyz Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, the West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen.
- The statistical appendix tables contain data for 32 ME&CA countries and territories.
- Data revisions reflect changes in methodology and/or revisions provided by country authorities.
- The 2021 and 2022 data in the tables are projections based on statistical information available through late September 2021.
- For Afghanistan, all projections for 2021–22 are omitted and excluded from aggregations due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty.
- For Lebanon, all projections for 2021–22 are omitted due to an unusually high degree of uncertainty.
- All data for Syria are omitted and excluded from aggregates from 2011 onward due to the uncertain political situation.
- All data refer to the calendar years, except:
  - Afghanistan (March 21 to March 20 until 2011, and December 21 to December 20 thereafter),
  - Iran (March 21 to March 20),
  - Egypt and Pakistan (July to June) except inflation.
- Data in Tables 7 and 8 correspond to the calendar year for all aggregates and countries, except for Iran, for which the Iranian calendar year (beginning on March 21) is used.
- In Tables 3, 6, 13, and 14, “oil” includes gas.
- Arithmetically weighted averages are used for all data aggregates except consumer price index, for which geometric averages are used.

### Assumptions used for projections
- Assumed that established policies of national authorities will be maintained.
- Price of oil will average US$65.68 a barrel in 2021 and US$64.52 a barrel in 2022. [Simple average of prices of U.K. Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil.]
- Six-month LIBOR on US dollar deposits will average 0.2 percent in 2021 and 0.4 percent in 2022.
- Projections are working hypotheses rather than forecasts; uncertainties add to the margin of error.

### Country groupings and regional definitions
- ME&CA grouping: three nonoverlapping groups based on export earnings and level of development:
  - Oil Exporters (ME&CA OE): Algeria (ALG), Azerbaijan (AZE), Bahrain (BHR), Iran (IRN), Iraq (IRQ), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kuwait (KWT), Libya (LBY), Oman (PMN), Qatar (QAT), Saudi Arabia (SAU), Turkmenistan (TKM), United Arab Emirates (UAE).
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries (ME&CA EM&MI): Armenia (ARM), Egypt (EGY), Georgia (GEO), Jordan (JOR), Lebanon (LBN), Morocco (MAR), Pakistan (PAK), Syrian Arab Republic (SYR), Tunisia (TUN), West Bank and Gaza (WBG).
  - Low-Income Developing Countries (ME&CA LIC): Afghanistan (AFG), Djibouti (DJI), Kyrgyz Republic (KGZ), Mauritania (MRT), Somalia (SOM), Sudan (SDN), Tajikistan (TJK), Uzbekistan (UZB), Yemen (YEM).
- Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
  - CCA oil exporters: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
  - CCA oil importers: Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan.
- Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.
  - MENA oil exporters: Algeria, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.
  - MENA oil importers: Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza.
- Arab World: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.
- Non-GCC oil-exporting countries: Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Yemen.
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries (FCS): Afghanistan, Djibouti, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Yemen.
- North Africa: Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia.
- Conflict countries: Libya, Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen.
- The ME&CA OE, ME&CA EM&MI, and ME&CA LIC aggregates were first introduced in the April 2021 REO as MCD OE, MCD EM&MI, and MCD LIC.

### Aggregation and weighting rules
- Composites for domestic economy (Tables 1, 3, 7–8) are weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parities (PPPs) as a share of total ME&CA or group GDP.
- Country group composites for growth rates of broad money (Table 9) are weighted by GDP converted to U.S. dollars at market exchange rates (both GDP and exchange rates averaged over the preceding three years) as a share of ME&CA or group GDP.
- Aggregates for fiscal data (Tables 10–16) are sums of individual country data after conversion to US dollars at the average market exchange rates in the years indicated, in percent of aggregate GDP, also in US dollars.
- Composites relating to the external economy in nominal terms (Tables 17–19 and 21) are sums of individual country data.
- Composites relating to external economy in percent of GDP (Tables 20 and 22) are weighted by GDP in US dollars as a share of ME&CA or group GDP in US dollars.
- Composites in Tables 2, 4, and 5 are sums of the individual country data.

### Conventions
- In tables, ellipsis points (. . .) indicate “not available,” and 0 or 0.0 indicates “zero” or “negligible.”
- Minor discrepancies between sums of constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.

### Key statistics and projections — Real GDP Growth (Table 1)
- Middle East and Central Asia: Average 2000–17 = 4.7; 2018 = 2.2; 2019 = 1.5; 2020 = -2.8; 2021 = 4.1; 2022 = 4.1.
- Oil Exporters: Average 4.9; 2018 = 0.9; 2019 = 0.4; 2020 = -4.1; 2021 = 4.5; 2022 = 4.0.
- Examples of country entries (annual change; percent):
  - Algeria: 2000–17 = 3.5; 2018 = 1.2; 2019 = 0.8; 2020 = -4.9; 2021 = 3.4; 2022 = 1.9.
  - Iran: 2000–17 = 3.9; 2018 = -6.0; 2019 = -6.8; 2020 = 3.4; 2021 = 2.5; 2022 = 2.0.
  - Iraq: 2000–17 = 10.4; 2018 = 4.7; 2019 = 5.8; 2020 = -15.7; 2021 = 3.6; 2022 = 10.5.
  - Libya: 2000–17 = 2.1; 2018 = 17.9; 2019 = 13.2; 2020 = -59.7; 2021 = 123.2; 2022 = 5.3.
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries (aggregate): Average 4.3; 2018 = 4.6; 2019 = 3.3; 2020 = -0.6; 2021 = 3.6; 2022 = 4.2.
- Low-Income Developing Countries (aggregate): Average 4.5; 2018 = 2.1; 2019 = 3.0; 2020 = -1.5; 2021 = 3.4; 2022 = 4.4.
- CCA: Average 7.0; 2018 = 3.9; 2019 = 3.8; 2020 = -2.2; 2021 = 4.3; 2022 = 4.1.
- MENA: Average 4.5; 2018 = 1.4; 2019 = 1.0; 2020 = -3.2; 2021 = 4.1; 2022 = 4.1.

### Key statistics and projections — Nominal GDP (Table 2, Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: Average 2000–17 = 2,550.4; 2018 = 3,838.2; 2019 = 3,989.9; 2020 = 3,890.8; 2021 = 4,577.9; 2022 = 4,857.2.
- Oil Exporters: Average 1,843.7; 2018 = 2,815.2; 2019 = 2,938.9; 2020 = 2,839.6; 2021 = 3,447.6; 2022 = 3,629.9.
- Examples of country nominal GDP:
  - Saudi Arabia: 2000–17 = 474.1; 2018 = 786.5; 2019 = 793.0; 2020 = 700.1; 2021 = 842.6; 2022 = 876.1.
  - Iran: 2000–17 = 352.7; 2018 = 456.6; 2019 = 581.3; 2020 = 835.4; 2021 = 1,081.4; 2022 = 1,136.7.
  - Egypt: Emerging market example: 2000–17 = 190.5; 2018 = 250.3; 2019 = 302.3; 2020 = 363.2; 2021 = 396.3; 2022 = 438.3.
- CCA aggregate: 2000–17 = 248.1; 2018 = 365.7; 2019 = 384.1; 2020 = 363.7; 2021 = 413.0; 2022 = 443.8.
- MENA: 2000–17 = 2,117.6; 2018 = 3,141.1; 2019 = 3,310.0; 2020 = 2,345.3; 2021 = 3,865.9; 2022 = 4,090.8.

### Oil exporters — Oil and Non-Oil Real GDP Growth (Table 3)
- Non-Oil GDP (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 6.0; 2018 = 2.3; 2019 = 2.8; 2020 = -3.6; 2021 = 3.9; 2022 = 3.4.
- Oil GDP (Oil exporters): Average 4.0; 2018 = -2.2; 2019 = -7.5; 2020 = -3.9; 2021 = 5.3; 2022 = 4.4.
- Examples:
  - Iraq Non-Oil: 2000–17 = 9.8; 2018 = 15.6; 2019 = 9.0; 2020 = -20.2; 2021 = 9.6; 2022 = 7.6.
  - Libya Oil GDP: 2000–17 = 14.1; 2018 = 19.4; 2019 = 13.7; 2020 = -72.7; 2021 = 233.3; 2022 = 5.0.

### Crude oil and natural gas production (Table 4; Millions of barrels per day)
- Crude oil production (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 26.6; 2018 = 130.55; 2019 = 129.02; 2020 = 126.18; 2021 = 126.86; 2022 = 128.66.
- Natural gas production (Oil exporters): Average 2000–17 = 10.35; 2018 = 16.78; 2019 = 17.00; 2020 = 16.76; 2021 = 17.75; 2022 = 17.91.
- Country examples (crude oil production):
  - Saudi Arabia: 2000–17 = 9.02; 2018 = 10.31; 2019 = 9.81; 2020 = 9.22; 2021 = 9.10; 2022 = 9.91.
  - United Arab Emirates: 2000–17 = 2.51; 2018 = 3.00; 2019 = 3.06; 2020 = 2.79; 2021 = 2.74; 2022 = 2.87.
- Country examples (natural gas production):
  - Qatar: 2000–17 = 2.35; 2018 = 4.45; 2019 = 4.46; 2020 = 4.45; 2021 = 4.54; 2022 = 4.70.

### Crude oil and natural gas exports (Table 5; Millions of barrels per day)
- Crude oil exports (ME&CA Oil Exporters): Average 2000–17 = 19.66; 2018 = 22.04; 2019 = 20.64; 2020 = 18.30; 2021 = 18.80; 2022 = 20.64.
- Natural gas exports (ME&CA Oil Exporters): Average 2000–17 = 4.00; 2018 = 5.83; 2019 = 5.80; 2020 = 5.44; 2021 = 5.92; 2022 = 5.87.
- Country examples (crude oil exports):
  - Saudi Arabia: 2000–17 = 6.86; 2018 = 7.37; 2019 = 7.04; 2020 = 6.63; 2021 = 6.57; 2022 = 7.31.
  - United Arab Emirates: 2000–17 = 2.28; 2018 = 2.61; 2019 = 2.47; 2020 = 2.44; 2021 = 2.40; 2022 = 2.66.
- Country examples (natural gas exports):
  - Qatar: 2000–17 = 1.49; 2018 = 2.64; 2019 = 2.63; 2020 = 2.56; 2021 = 2.59; 2022 = 2.62.

### Breakeven oil prices (Table 6; U.S. dollars per barrel)
- Fiscal breakeven oil price (selected):
  - Algeria: 2018 = 101.4; 2019 = 106.3; 2020 = 83.6; 2021 = 141.6; 2022 = 116.6.
  - Iran, Islamic Republic of: 2018 = 82.1; 2019 = 75.9; 2020 = 197.8; 2021 = 245.9; 2022 = 361.8; 2022 (column shows) = 389.1 (as presented).
  - Qatar: 2018 = 44.5; 2019 = 49.3; 2020 = 50.6; 2021 = 48.8; 2022 = 46.5; 2022 = 44.1.
- External breakeven oil price (selected):
  - Algeria: 2018 = 102.1; 2019 = 97.6; 2020 = 80.6; 2021 = 91.5; 2022 = 82.6.
  - Iran, Islamic Republic of: 2018 = 41.3; 2019 = 31.6; 2020 = 40.8; 2021 = 36.2; 2022 = 31.6; 2022 = 34.1.
  - United Arab Emirates: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 28.3; 2020 = 26.3; 2021 = 29.9; 2022 = 23.2; 2022 = 25.0.

### Consumer price inflation (Table 7; Year average; percent)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 8.8; 2020 = 6.7; 2021 = 10.0; 2022 = 11.9; 2022 = 8.6.
- Oil Exporters aggregate: 2019 = ...; 2019 = 7.6; 2019 (other columns) 5.4; 2020 = 8.0; 2021 = 10.5; 2022 = 8.0.
- Country examples:
  - Iran: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 30.2; 2020 = 34.6; 2021 = 36.4; 2022 = 39.3; 2022 = 27.5.
  - Egypt: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 14.4; 2020 = 9.2; 2021 = 5.4; 2022 = 5.8; 2022 = 7.3.
  - Tunisia: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 7.3; 2020 = 6.7; 2021 = 5.6; 2022 = 5.7; 2022 = 6.5.
- Low-Income Developing Countries aggregate: 2000–17 = 12.9; 2018 = 24.9; 2019 = 19.5; 2020 = 39.1; 2021 = 49.2; 2022 = 19.7.
- Afghanistan inflation: 2018 = ...; 2019 = 0.6; 2020 = 2.3; 2021 = 5.6; projections omitted.

*Source: October 2021 Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia — Statistical Appendix (Section 1).*

### Section 2

### reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix - Section 2

### Table 8. Core Consumer Price Inflation (Year average; percent)
- Middle East and Central Asia: ...10.78.310.511.77.8
- Oil Exporters: ...9.38.110.811.88.7
- Algeria: ...4.43.43.47.17.6
- Iran: ...30.532.836.737.527.2
- Iraq: ...-0.10.11.06.44.5
- Kazakhstan: ...6.27.47.47.76.5
- Qatar: 1 ...-1.1-0.6-3.70.92.1
- Saudi Arabia: 0.33.1-0.43.62.20.8
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: ...10.46.74.43.44.3
- Armenia: 3.43.71.21.37.13.9
- Egypt: ...19.98.32.71.12.2
- Jordan: ...2.31.30.71.42.3
- Morocco: 1.21.31.20.61.01.2
- Pakistan: 6.05.88.08.06.67.9
- Tunisia: ...7.56.96.75.45.4
- Djibouti: ...0.11.8-0.30.50.5
- Kyrgyz Republic: ...4.61.32.74.45.0
- Sudan: 16.658.951.0163.3298.350.3
- Tajikistan: ...6.56.56.56.56.5
- CCA oil and gas importers: 1 ...3.62.53.76.15.1
- MENA: ...12.18.711.413.17.9
- MENA oil exporters: ...9.78.211.312.39.0
- MENA oil importers: ...16.99.611.614.65.8
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: ...12.711.034.055.215.6
- MENAP: ...11.28.510.812.07.9
- Arab World: ...8.24.16.28.03.9
- GCC: 0.32.5-0.42.52.01.0
- North Africa: ...15.69.010.413.66.3
- Note: 1 Core inflation uses country-specific definitions of core in its calculation.

### Table 9. Broad Money Growth (Annual change; percent)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 16.19.810.615.016.616.1
- Oil Exporters: 16.36.710.114.216.414.3
- Algeria: 12.711.1-0.87.414.210.2
- Azerbaijan: 26.95.719.91.19.57.4
- Bahrain: 10.22.211.16.56.85.2
- Iran, Islamic Republic of: 25.823.131.340.642.633.0
- Iraq: ...2.78.416.020.618.7
- Kazakhstan: 28.27.02.416.99.110.9
- Kuwait: 9.24.1-1.53.94.56.1
- Libya: 14.9-0.8-2.420.03.04.0
- Oman: 11.88.32.08.95.15.7
- Qatar: 1 19.4-6.52.53.82.96.8
- Saudi Arabia: 10.52.77.18.37.44.0
- United Arab Emirates: 15.02.58.04.69.35.8
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 13.511.19.114.013.421.8
- Egypt: 15.218.411.817.518.013.1
- Jordan: 9.31.34.85.83.64.8
- Lebanon: 1 ...3.6-6.6-4.2......
- Morocco: 9.24.13.88.44.33.9
- Pakistan: 14.59.711.317.516.213.5
- Tunisia: 2 9.96.610.111.210.910.7
- West Bank and Gaza: 8.43.810.0.........
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 28.339.725.737.443.520.1
- Djibouti: 12.0-5.68.819.45.66.3
- Kyrgyz Republic: ...5.512.823.99.714.1
- Mauritania: 15.613.811.821.015.16.3
- Sudan: 28.7111.860.190.6113.933.5
- Tajikistan: 35.85.116.918.512.811.3
- Uzbekistan: 36.813.213.817.917.117.2
- CCA: 29.38.69.414.811.612.4
- MENA: 15.210.010.814.817.216.8
- MENA oil exporters: 15.66.910.514.317.114.6
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: 15.321.212.821.025.148.6
- Notes:
  - 1 Broad money is defined to include nonresident deposits (M5).
  - 2 Broad money includes currency, demand deposits, quasi money, and long-term deposits.

### Table 10. Central Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 0.7-2.5-3.5-7.4-4.6-4.1
- Oil Exporters: 2.7-1.0-2.2-7.3-3.9-3.3
- Algeria: 0.9-4.4-5.6-6.2-9.2-6.5
- Azerbaijan: 5.55.59.1-6.5-1.80.7
- Bahrain: -4.1-11.8-9.0-17.9-8.0-8.0
- Iran: 1 -1.9-1.9-5.1-5.7-6.5-7.3
- Iraq: ...7.80.8-12.8-1.5-2.5
- Kazakhstan: ...2.5-0.6-7.1-3.0-1.5
- Kuwait: 24.49.25.0-8.3-1.51.0
- Oman: 3.7-7.7-5.6-18.7-2.61.1
- Qatar: 8.22.31.0-2.1-1.61.4
- Saudi Arabia: 3.7-5.9-4.5-11.3-3.1-1.8
- United Arab Emirates: 2 0.10.91.10.4-0.1-0.2
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -6.2-7.1-7.7-8.1-7.5-7.1
- Egypt: 3 -9.0-9.7-8.1-7.9-7.5-7.0
- Jordan: 4 -6.1-4.7-6.0-8.9-7.7-5.9
- Morocco: -3.8-3.7-3.8-7.6-6.5-5.9
- Pakistan: 5 -5.0-6.4-9.5-8.6-7.7-7.2
- Djibouti: -3.1-2.8-0.8-1.3-1.7-1.6
- Kyrgyz Republic: 6 -4.5-1.4-0.7-3.8-3.5-3.5
- Mauritania: 7 ...2.42.02.3-0.7-1.1
- Sudan: -2.5-7.9-10.8-5.9-2.9-1.5
- Yemen: -3.8-7.8-5.6-5.2-5.2-5.2
- CCA: ...2.81.2-6.8-2.8-1.2
- MENA: 1.0-2.5-3.4-7.3-4.5-4.1
- MENA oil exporters: 2.6-1.4-2.6-7.3-4.0-3.5
- MENA oil importers: -6.5-7.5-7.0-7.6-7.1-6.7
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: ...2.1-2.4-9.8-2.4-3.7
- MENAP: 0.6-2.8-3.9-7.4-4.8-4.3
- GCC: 5.2-2.2-1.8-7.6-2.2-0.8
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government and National Development Fund excluding Targeted Subsidy Organization.
  - 2 Includes budgetary central government, extra-budgetary funds, and social security funds.
  - 3 The budget sector comprises central government, local government, and some public corporations.
  - 4 Including transfers to the electric and water companies
  - 5 Excludes payments for electricity arrears and commodity operations in the fiscal years 2009/10, 2010/11, and 2011/12.
  - 6 Includes loans on-lent to state-owned enterprises in the energy sector as part of the government’s public investment program.
  - 7 Includes oil revenue transferred to the oil fund.

### Table 11. General Government Fiscal Balance (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 1.4-2.0-3.2-8.0-4.5-3.8
- Oil Exporters: 3.7-0.5-2.0-8.3-3.8-3.1
- Algeria: 1 0.3-6.8-9.6-11.7-13.4-10.4
- Azerbaijan: 2 5.55.59.1-6.5-1.80.7
- Bahrain: 1 -4.1-11.8-9.0-17.9-8.0-8.0
- Iran: 3 -2.2-2.0-5.1-5.7-6.5-7.3
- Iraq: 1 ...7.80.8-12.8-1.5-2.5
- Kazakhstan: 1.72.5-0.6-7.1-3.0-1.5
- Kuwait: 1 24.49.25.0-8.3-1.51.0
- Libya: -6.017.121.1-54.56.812.5
- Oman: 1 3.7-7.7-5.6-18.7-2.61.1
- Qatar: 9.85.94.91.32.85.7
- Saudi Arabia: 1 3.7-5.9-4.5-11.3-3.1-1.8
- United Arab Emirates: 5 5.61.90.6-5.6-0.5-0.2
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -6.0-6.9-7.3-7.6-7.2-6.5
- Egypt: -8.6-9.6-7.9-7.0-7.4-6.4
- Georgia: 6 -0.8-0.8-1.8-9.2-6.5-3.6
- Jordan: 1,7 -5.9-4.4-6.0-8.9-7.7-5.9
- Morocco: 1 -4.2-3.7-3.8-7.6-6.5-5.9
- Pakistan: 8 -4.7-6.4-9.0-8.0-7.1-6.2
- Tunisia: 1 -3.5-4.5-3.9-9.8-8.3-7.6
- West Bank and Gaza: 1 ...-6.6-7.3-10.7-10.5-9.4
- Low-Income Developing Countries: -2.2-2.1-3.1-3.5-3.3-2.9
- Djibouti: -3.1-2.8-0.8-1.3-1.7-1.6
- Kyrgyz Republic: 9 -3.9-0.6-0.1-3.3-3.7-3.8
- Mauritania: 1,10 ...2.42.02.3-0.7-1.1
- Somalia: 1 ...0.10.50.5-1.7-0.2
- Sudan: -2.5-7.9-10.8-5.9-2.9-1.5
- Tajikistan: -3.0-2.8-2.1-4.4-2.7-2.5
- Uzbekistan: 0.41.7-0.2-3.1-3.5-3.4
- CCA: 1.42.00.6-5.4-2.8-1.5
- MENA: 1.8-2.1-3.2-8.3-4.5-3.9
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: -1.23.5-0.1-12.4-1.6-2.3
- Memorandum highlights:
  - MENA, excluding conflict countries: 1.8-2.3-3.5-8.0-4.6-4.0
  - MENA oil exporters, excl. conflict countries and Iran: 5.3-1.0-1.9-9.5-2.7-1.4
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government.
  - 2 General government includes state budget, Nakhchevan AR, State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), and State Social Protection Fund.
  - 3 Central government and National Development Fund excluding Targeted Subsidy Organization.
  - 4 Receipts from domestic bond issuances as well as privatization operations are excluded in line with GFSM 2014.
  - 5 Consolidated accounts of the federal government and the emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. From 2010, includes extra-budgetary funds.
  - 6 Fiscal balance reported according to GFSM1986.
  - 7 Includes transfers to the electric and water companies.
  - 8 Includes grants.
  - 9 Includes loans on-lent to state-owned enterprises in the energy sector as part of the government’s public investment program.
  - 10 Includes oil revenue transferred to the oil fund.

### Table 12. General Government Total Revenue, Excluding Grants (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 30.227.826.622.923.123.6
- Oil Exporters: 33.730.929.324.224.524.8
- Algeria: 1 37.033.432.331.527.027.8
- Azerbaijan: 2 34.938.641.433.834.335.9
- Bahrain: 1 24.219.720.215.119.518.4
- Iran: 3 16.315.410.48.99.29.4
- Iraq: 1 ...39.435.931.342.141.3
- Kazakhstan: ...21.419.717.518.318.9
- Kuwait: 4 65.059.557.358.855.056.2
- Libya: 59.185.6104.885.772.871.0
- Oman: 43.535.939.034.231.833.9
- Qatar: 41.234.837.535.834.336.4
- Saudi Arabia: 37.430.731.229.729.129.1
- United Arab Emirates: 6 31.330.831.127.530.730.6
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 20.319.819.219.619.320.3
- Egypt: 23.320.620.219.119.921.0
- Jordan: 1 23.722.821.820.122.323.1
- Morocco: 1 25.625.725.428.024.625.9
- Pakistan: 13.615.112.915.114.515.3
- Tunisia: 1 23.025.727.526.927.327.8
- West Bank and Gaza: ...20.519.721.521.822.1
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 22.917.717.916.317.418.3
- Djibouti: 20.019.918.417.916.917.1
- Kyrgyz Republic: 27.330.830.329.029.129.7
- Mauritania: 1,7 ...22.119.020.218.918.9
- Somalia: 1 ...3.94.54.23.94.4
- Sudan: 12.58.87.44.76.18.9
- Tajikistan: 21.026.225.123.024.023.6
- Uzbekistan: ...26.627.025.625.625.8
- CCA: ...24.023.521.121.522.0
- MENA: 32.229.628.223.724.024.4
- MENA oil exporters: 34.331.529.824.624.825.1
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: 35.535.435.027.035.535.6
- Memorandum:
  - MENA, excluding conflict countries: 31.729.027.423.523.724.2
  - MENA oil exporters, excl. conflict countries and Iran: 38.934.234.231.732.632.9
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government.
  - 2 General government includes state budget, Nakhchevan AR, State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), and State Social Protection Fund.
  - 3 Central government and National Development Fund excluding Targeted Subsidy Organization.
  - 4 Central government and Social Security Fund.
  - 5 State budget.
  - 6 Consolidated accounts of the federal government and the emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. From 2010, includes extra-budgetary funds.
  - 7 Includes oil revenue transferred to the oil fund.

### Table 13. Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Fiscal Balance (Percent of non-oil GDP)
- ME&CA Oil Exporters: -38.3-31.5-28.5-26.3-27.2-25.9
- Algeria: 1 -36.7-26.9-28.1-26.5-31.7-29.4
- Azerbaijan: 2 -26.5-32.8-26.7-31.4-33.2-31.1
- Bahrain: 1 -29.4-33.0-27.5-30.9-25.3-23.8
- Iran: 3 -12.3-8.9-7.3-7.1-8.2-8.9
- Iraq: 1 ...-44.0-46.3-52.3-64.2-61.3
- Kazakhstan: -8.9-6.2-9.5-12.6-10.9-9.3
- Kuwait: 4 -56.5-65.2-65.8-77.9-77.7-75.6
- Libya: -172.0-121.2-105.8-111.6-338.1-282.9
- Oman: 1 -54.4-50.1-46.4-53.0-42.5-39.1
- Qatar: -76.9-32.9-33.7-33.5-32.6-31.8
- Saudi Arabia: 1 -49.9-40.3-35.9-35.6-28.3-26.3
- United Arab Emirates: 6 -22.4-23.9-20.6-21.1-22.8-22.2
- CCA oil and gas exporters: -11.7-10.9-12.0-14.4-13.6-11.9
- MENA oil exporters: -40.5-33.5-30.1-27.3-28.3-27.2
- Memorandum:
  - MENA oil exporters, excl. conflict countries and Iran: -44.8-37.5-35.3-36.4-35.1-33.5
  - GCC: -44.5-37.7-34.5-35.5-31.9-30.3
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government.
  - 2 General government includes state budget, Nakhchevan AR, State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), and State Social Protection Fund.
  - 3 Central government and National Development Fund excluding Targeted Subsidy Organization.
  - 4 Central government and Social Security Fund.
  - 5 State budget.
  - 6 Consolidated accounts of the federal government and the emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. From 2010, includes extra-budgetary funds.

### Table 14. Oil Exporters: General Government Non-Oil Revenue (Percent of non-oil GDP)
- ME&CA Oil Exporters: 14.116.217.315.514.714.5
- Algeria: 1 18.924.823.923.019.418.7
- Azerbaijan: 2 25.522.724.424.924.023.0
- Bahrain: 1 6.66.510.78.710.810.3
- Iran: 1 10.611.19.68.48.78.9
- Iraq: 1 ...5.64.24.46.16.2
- Kazakhstan: 20.617.716.217.114.715.0
- Kuwait: 3 33.935.535.333.233.332.1
- Libya: 23.880.3138.498.913.917.2
- Oman: 1 13.710.815.612.716.116.9
- Qatar: 16.814.517.114.917.517.0
- Saudi Arabia: 1 9.615.216.418.318.317.7
- United Arab Emirates: 5 14.515.218.818.918.218.0
- CCA oil and gas exporters: 21.217.516.517.115.615.6
- MENA oil exporters: 13.516.017.315.214.614.4
- Memorandum:
  - MENA oil exporters, excl. conflict countries and Iran: 14.115.917.317.717.817.3
  - GCC: 14.216.418.518.819.118.6
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government.
  - 2 General government includes state budget, Nakhchevan AR, State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), and State Social Protection Fund.
  - 3 Central government and Social Security Fund.
  - 4 State budget.
  - 5 Consolidated accounts of the federal government and the emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. From 2010, includes extra-budgetary funds.

### Table 15. Total Government Gross Debt (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 37.043.447.854.950.649.1
- Oil Exporters: 25.030.335.442.837.237.4
- Algeria: 1 23.437.845.855.658.563.2
- Azerbaijan: 2 12.118.717.721.428.928.9
- Bahrain: 1 36.795.0102.1129.7123.3125.6
- Iran: 1 18.938.547.939.533.633.3
- Iraq: 1 ...47.845.184.259.455.3
- Kazakhstan: ...20.319.926.325.226.5
- Kuwait: 1 13.115.111.611.77.910.8
- Oman: 14.251.360.581.268.261.7
- Qatar: 33.552.262.372.159.053.1
- Saudi Arabia: 32.419.022.832.529.730.8
- United Arab Emirates: 12.020.927.139.437.338.6
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 72.181.184.086.891.784.6
- Egypt: 83.492.584.289.891.489.5
- Jordan: 75.275.178.088.090.990.6
- Lebanon: ...154.0171.1150.4......
- Morocco: 58.565.265.175.475.876.6
- Pakistan: 64.472.185.387.683.480.9
- Tunisia: 54.080.174.289.790.292.7
- West Bank and Gaza: 25.633.134.547.244.739.6
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 50.368.371.492.687.678.0
- Djibouti: ...46.539.040.942.340.3
- Kyrgyz Republic: 5 72.854.851.668.067.663.1
- Sudan: 96.8186.7200.3272.9209.9176.6
- Tajikistan: 50.147.844.151.349.348.1
- Uzbekistan: 16.719.528.336.438.941.0
- Yemen: 52.174.576.584.273.563.1
- CCA: ...24.525.732.431.832.3
- MENA: 36.442.947.455.150.148.4
- MENA oil exporters: 26.231.537.244.738.538.6
- MENA oil importers: 78.293.891.197.1102.391.5
- Fragile states and conflict-affected countries: ...76.176.7105.4104.075.6
- Memorandum highlights:
  - MENA, excluding conflict countries: 35.542.747.255.049.948.3
  - MENA oil exporters, excl. conflict countries and Iran: 29.129.533.746.840.841.2
- Notes:
  - 1 Central government.
  - 2 Starting in 2021, includes guarantees issued to Aqracredit for its acquisition of distressed assets from IBA.
  - 3 State budget.
  - 4 Excludes publicly guaranteed debt.
  - 5 Debt figures include IMF obligations.
  - 6 State government.

### Table 16. MENAP: Total Government Net Debt (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 20.930.636.140.440.640.0
- Oil Exporters: 0.18.216.123.022.824.0
- Algeria: 1 ...25.230.247.556.060.8
- Iran: 1 6.525.636.930.327.328.4
- Kazakhstan: ...-15.8-13.9-8.6-4.9-3.9
- Oman: 1 -24.37.312.933.030.326.1
- Saudi Arabia: 1 3.7-0.15.015.916.317.4
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 67.577.380.080.987.480.4
- Egypt: 66.481.374.279.283.582.2
- Jordan: 1 71.873.977.387.990.890.5
- Lebanon: 1 ...149.7165.9147.8......
- Note: continued series truncated in source extract.

*Sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.*

### Section 3

### reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix - Section 3

### Exports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 1059.4 (Average 2000–17); 1542.3 (2018); 1456.3 (2019); 1073.4 (2020); 1413.3 (2021); 1518.1 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 889.6; 1316.7; 1218.9; 879.4; 1195.0; 1265.7
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 141.3; 191.9; 199.0; 160.5; 179.0; 208.2
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 28.5; 33.7; 38.4; 33.5; 39.3; 44.2
- CCA: 93.5; 136.7; 137.9; 103.2; 142.7; 147.6
- MENA: 942.3; 1373.4; 1286.7; 940.7; 1239.1; 1335.6
- MENA oil exporters: 820.4; 1213.2; 1119.2; 805.4; 1088.1; 1159.7
- MENA oil importers: 121.9; 160.2; 167.5; 135.3; 151.0; 175.9
- MENAP: 965.9; 1405.6; 1318.4; 970.2; 1270.7; 1370.4
- Arab World: 859.7; 1270.1; 1216.3; 886.7; 1162.3; 1255.4
- GCC: 636.8; 966.1; 911.8; 671.2; 881.7; 937.0
- North Africa: 134.9; 166.2; 167.7; 137.8; 163.2; 184.1

### Imports of Goods and Services (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 889.4 (Average 2000–17); 1379.3 (2018); 1374.1 (2019); 1140.6 (2020); 1288.3 (2021); 1387.1 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 648.5; 1004.3; 997.7; 824.3; 931.9; 994.0
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 199.1; 304.2; 299.5; 248.6; 284.8; 314.6
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 41.8; 70.7; 77.0; 67.7; 71.6; 78.5
- CCA: 80.9; 122.5; 132.8; 111.8; 133.7; 141.8
- MENA: 768.5; 1180.9; 1171.2; 969.4; 1093.0; 1175.1
- MENA oil exporters: 601.5; 941.2; 929.7; 764.6; 860.9; 921.7
- MENA oil importers: 167.0; 239.6; 241.5; 204.8; 232.1; 253.4
- MENAP: 808.6; 1256.8; 1241.4; 1028.8; 1154.6; 1245.3
- Arab World: 701.1; 1102.8; 1104.0; 914.6; 1029.7; 1105.8
- GCC: 439.5; 708.6; 705.0; 589.4; 669.1; 710.5
- North Africa: 154.7; 229.4; 228.0; 201.2; 227.3; 243.2

### Current Account Balance (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 147.1 (Average 2000–17); 103.1 (2018); 20.3 (2019); -92.7 (2020); 76.9 (2021); 73.6 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 173.9; 170.3; 80.9; -54.0; 122.7; 126.9
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -25.0; -58.7; -51.2; -30.4; -34.3; -40.9
- Low-Income Developing Countries: -1.8; -8.5; -9.4; -8.3; -11.5; -12.3
- CCA: 2.1; 0.6; -9.0; -12.5; -3.9; -6.4
- MENA: 146.3; 119.4; 40.6; -78.0; 82.6; 90.0
- MENA oil exporters: 170.0; 162.4; 82.5; -47.4; 118.2; 124.3
- MENA oil importers: -23.7; -43.0; -41.9; -30.6; -35.6; -34.3
- MENAP: 145.1; 102.4; 29.3; -80.2; 80.8; 80.0
- Arab World: 130.2; 92.7; 36.8; -77.3; 68.7; 78.8
- GCC: 139.6; 142.3; 95.0; -6.3; 100.9; 110.6
- North Africa: 1.3; -38.0; -40.6; -42.8; -34.1; -33.4

### Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 6.3 (Average 2000–17); 2.7 (2018); 0.5 (2019); -2.4 (2020); 1.7 (2021); 1.5 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 9.5; 6.0; 2.8; -1.9; 3.6; 3.5
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: -3.2; -6.8; -5.8; -3.4; -3.5; -3.9
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 1.7; -5.4; -5.6; -5.0; -7.4; -7.4
- CCA: 0.0; 0.2; -2.3; -3.4; -0.9; -1.4
- MENA: 7.4; 3.8; 1.2; -2.4; 2.1; 2.2
- MENA oil exporters: 10.1; 6.3; 3.1; -1.8; 3.7; 3.7
- MENA oil importers: -3.9; -7.5; -6.7; -4.7; -5.1; -4.5
- MENAP: 6.8; 2.9; 0.8; -2.3; 1.9; 1.8
- Arab World: 8.1; 3.5; 1.3; -3.2; 2.5; 2.7
- GCC: 13.6; 8.6; 5.8; -0.4; 6.0; 6.3
- North Africa: 2.1; -5.7; -5.7; -5.9; -4.2; -3.9

### Gross Official Reserves (Billions of U.S. dollars)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 87.3 (Average 2000–17); 1242.3 (2018); 1141.1 (2019); 1075.4 (2020); 1164.7 (2021); 1234.5 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 761.7; 1061.5; 962.2; 885.4; 980.1; 1035.2
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 89.1; 136.4; 131.4; 135.6; 139.1; 154.2
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 22.7; 44.3; 47.4; 54.3; 45.5; 45.1
- CCA: 41.1; 72.3; 74.5; 88.3; 91.5; 92.7
- MENA: 820.4; 1151.9; 1050.8; 965.1; 1056.0; 1120.3
- MENA oil exporters: 742.1; 1027.3; 928.3; 844.3; 936.6; 989.9
- MENA oil importers: 78.4; 124.7; 122.5; 120.8; 119.4; 130.4
- MENAP: 832.4; 1170.0; 1066.6; 987.0; 1073.3; 1141.9
- Arab World: 749.7; 1029.5; 1035.8; 952.7; 1024.5; 1077.4
- GCC: 458.2; 681.0; 705.6; 664.1; 724.4; 765.4
- North Africa: 221.4; 233.5; 220.7; 197.9; 199.3; 206.9

### Total Gross External Debt (Percent of GDP)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 33.2 (Average 2000–17); 44.6 (2018); 47.6 (2019); 53.7 (2020); 46.5 (2021); 43.2 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 30.0; 41.3; 43.9; 49.7; 42.1; 40.9
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 39.9; 50.5; 54.6; 59.5; 54.6; 44.4
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 48.6; 70.2; 74.6; 90.6; 91.5; 83.9
- CCA: 57.4; 73.0; 67.6; 77.7; 68.1; 65.4
- MENA: 30.7; 42.6; 45.8; 52.1; 44.8; 41.1
- MENA oil exporters: 26.9; 37.2; 41.0; 46.7; 39.8; 38.8
- MENA oil importers: 45.3; 66.6; 66.1; 73.6; 67.7; 51.1
- MENAP: 30.9; 41.6; 45.4; 51.2; 44.3; 41.0
- Arab World: 36.2; 49.6; 55.4; 69.9; 62.0; 56.7
- GCC: 31.1; 51.8; 60.9; 78.4; 69.0; 68.1
- North Africa: 27.4; 38.7; 37.8; 43.0; 42.7; 39.2

### Gross Official Reserves (Months of Imports)
- Middle East and Central Asia: 9.4 (Average 2000–17); 10.3 (2018); 11.3 (2019); 9.4 (2020); 9.6 (2021); 9.7 (2022 projections)
- Oil Exporters: 10.8; 11.9; 13.0; 10.6; 11.1; 11.2
- Emerging Market and Middle-Income Countries: 5.4; 5.5; 6.3; 5.7; 5.5; 5.7
- Low-Income Developing Countries: 6.2; 7.4; 9.1; 8.1; 7.6; 6.9
- CCA: 5.5; 7.0; 8.6; 8.5; 8.3; 7.9
- MENA: 10.1; 11.1; 12.2; 9.9; 10.2; 10.3
- MENA oil exporters: 11.2; 12.3; 13.4; 10.8; 11.3; 11.4
- MENA oil importers: 5.8; 6.3; 7.4; 6.4; 6.1; 6.2
- MENAP: 9.8; 10.6; 11.6; 9.5; 9.8; 9.9
- Arab World: 10.1; 10.4; 12.7; 10.4; 10.5; 10.5
- GCC: 10.4; 11.6; 14.4; 11.9; 12.2; 12.3
- North Africa: 10.9; 8.2; 8.6; 6.9; 6.3; 6.1

*Sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.*

### Section 4

### reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix - Section 4

### Notes and coverage
- Excludes overseas assets of sovereign wealth funds.
- Excludes gold and encumbered assets.
- In the case of Djibouti, the ratio of reserves to total imports understates the reserve coverage, since a large part of imports reflect re-export activities.
- Gross international reserves exclude reserve assets in non-convertible currencies.
- Sources: National authorities; IMF, Financial Soundness Indicators; and IMF staff calculations.
- Footnote mappings as in source:
  - 1 Data is for retail banks.
  - 2 National banks only.
  - 3 CAR according to Basel II in 2010 and Basel III from 2011 onwards.
  - 4 Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets for local banks.
  - 5 Tier I capital as percent of risk-weighted assets.
  - For Table 25 additional footnotes:
    - 1 Only the overdue portion of principal and interest is disclosed as NPL.
    - 2 Data is for retail banks.
    - 3 National banks only.
    - 4 Cumulative and annualized.
  - For Table 26 additional footnotes:
    - 1 Defined as loans overdue between at least 1 and 270 days.
    - 5 Data refer to end of fiscal year.
    - 6 Overdue by 30 days or more.

### Table 24. Capital Adequacy Ratios (Percent of risk-weighted assets)
- Azerbaijan: 22.0 (Mar-19), 25.0 (Jun-19)
- Bahrain (retail banks): 18.9 (Mar-19), 19.2 (Jun-19), 20.0 (Sep-19), 20.4 (Dec-19), 17.8 (Mar-20), 19.2 (Jun-20), 19.8 (Sep-20), 20.0 (Dec-20), 19.8 (Mar-21), 20.7 (Jun-21)
- Iraq: 65.8 (Mar-19), 62.6 (Jun-19), 53.9 (Sep-19), 53.5 (Dec-19), 53.6 (Mar-20), 59.3 (Jun-20)
- Kazakhstan: 23.2 (Mar-19), 22.6 (Jun-19), 23.2 (Sep-19), 23.2 (Dec-19), 24.4 (Mar-20), 24.6 (Jun-20), 25.3 (Sep-20)
- Kuwait: 18.0 (Mar-19), 18.0 (Jun-19), 17.6 (Sep-19), 17.6 (Dec-19), 17.6 (Mar-20), 17.7 (Jun-20), 19.0 (Sep-20)
- Libya: 18.4 (Jun-19)
- Oman: 17.9 (Mar-19), 17.8 (Jun-19), 18.1 (Sep-19), 18.5 (Dec-19), 17.8 (Mar-20), 18.3 (Jun-20), 18.5 (Sep-20), 18.5 (Dec-20), 18.5 (Mar-21), 18.9 (Jun-21)
- Qatar: 18.0 (Mar-19), 17.8 (Jun-19), 17.6 (Sep-19), 18.6 (Dec-19), 18.6 (Mar-20), 18.1 (Jun-20), 18.1 (Sep-20), 18.0 (Dec-20), 18.8 (Mar-21), 19.8 (Jun-21)
- Saudi Arabia: 20.2 (Mar-19), 19.7 (Jun-19), 19.4 (Sep-19), 19.3 (Dec-19), 18.6 (Mar-20), 19.1 (Jun-20), 19.6 (Sep-20), 20.3 (Dec-20), 20.2 (Mar-21)
- Turkmenistan: 20.1 (Mar-19), 20.4 (Jun-19), 20.4 (Sep-19), 21.3 (Dec-19), 21.1 (Mar-20), 20.8 (Jun-20), 22.1 (Sep-20), 23.5 (Dec-20), 23.1 (Mar-21)
- United Arab Emirates (national banks only): 17.9 (Mar-19), 17.9 (Jun-19), 17.7 (Sep-19), 17.7 (Dec-19), 16.9 (Mar-20), 17.6 (Jun-20), 18.0 (Sep-20), 18.1 (Dec-20), 17.9 (Mar-21), 17.5 (Jun-21)
- Armenia: 17.9 (Mar-19), 17.4 (Jun-19), 17.5 (Sep-19), 17.6 (Dec-19), 17.0 (Mar-20), 17.4 (Jun-20), 17.1 (Sep-20), 16.9 (Dec-20), 17.0 (Mar-21), 17.0 (Jun-21)
- Egypt: 16.5 (Mar-19), 16.9 (Jun-19), 18.1 (Sep-19), 18.1 (Dec-19), 18.6 (Mar-20), 20.1 (Jun-20), 19.8 (Sep-20), 19.5 (Dec-20), 19.0 (Mar-21)
- Georgia: 19.1 (Mar-19), 18.2 (Jun-19), 19.0 (Sep-19), 19.5 (Dec-19), 17.0 (Mar-20), 18.0 (Jun-20), 17.6 (Sep-20), 17.6 (Dec-20), 18.2 (Mar-21), 19.2 (Jun-21)
- Jordan: 16.1 (Sep-19)
- Lebanon (CAR per country note): 17.3 (Sep-19), 15.8 (Dec-19), 10.5 (Mar-20)
- Pakistan: 16.1 (Mar-19), 16.1 (Jun-19), 17.1 (Sep-19), 17.0 (Dec-19), 17.2 (Mar-20), 18.7 (Jun-20), 19.5 (Sep-20), 18.6 (Dec-20), 18.3 (Mar-21)
- Tunisia: 11.8 (Mar-19), 12.0 (Jun-19), 12.4 (Sep-19), 13.0 (Dec-19), 13.4 (Mar-20), 13.3 (Jun-20), 13.2 (Sep-20)
- West Bank and Gaza (Tier I for local banks): 16.6 (Mar-19), 16.4 (Jun-19), 16.2 (Sep-19), 16.6 (Dec-19), 16.5 (Mar-20), 16.3 (Jun-20), 16.2 (Sep-20)
- Afghanistan: 27.0 (Mar-19), 27.0 (Jun-19), 25.8 (Sep-19), 26.1 (Dec-19), 25.8 (Mar-20), 26.1 (Jun-20), 26.1 (Sep-20), 27.1 (Dec-20), 27.9 (Mar-21)
- Djibouti: 15.3 (Mar-19), 15.2 (Jun-19), 15.4 (Sep-19), 15.7 (Dec-19), 17.2 (Mar-20), 16.2 (Jun-20), 14.2 (Sep-20), 15.2 (Dec-20)
- Kyrgyz Republic: 24.7 (Mar-19), 25.6 (Jun-19), 23.4 (Sep-19), 23.8 (Dec-19), 24.8 (Mar-20), 25.4 (Jun-20), 24.9 (Sep-20), 24.9 (Dec-20), 24.6 (Mar-21), 22.5 (Jun-21)
- Mauritania: 25.0 (Jun-19), 25.3 (Dec-19), 25.5 (Mar-20), 20.7 (Sep-20)
- Somalia: 13.0 (Mar-19), 15.6 (Jun-19), 19.5 (Sep-19), 17.4 (Dec-19), 19.1 (Mar-20), 19.2 (Jun-20), 17.0 (Sep-20), 14.3 (Dec-20), 16.0 (Mar-21), 19.8 (Jun-21)
- Sudan: 13.4 (Mar-19), 14.5 (Jun-19), 15.9 (Sep-19), 15.4 (Dec-19), 15.0 (Mar-20), 13.1 (Jun-20), 12.3 (Sep-20), 10.8 (Dec-20), 8.1 (Mar-21), 6.8 (Jun-21)
- Tajikistan (Tier I as percent of risk-weighted assets): 23.0 (Mar-19), 22.9 (Jun-19), 22.0 (Sep-19), 21.4 (Dec-19), 20.0 (Mar-20), 19.7 (Jun-20), 19.5 (Sep-20), 18.2 (Dec-20), 20.7 (Mar-21)
- Uzbekistan: 15.4 (Mar-19), 15.3 (Jun-19), 15.6 (Sep-19), 23.5 (Dec-19), 22.2 (Mar-20), 20.5 (Jun-20), 19.3 (Sep-20), 18.4 (Dec-20), 18.4 (Mar-21)

### Table 25. Return on Assets (Percent; before taxes)
- Azerbaijan (only overdue portion disclosed as NPL): 8.0 (Sep-19), 6.0 (Mar-21)
- Bahrain (retail banks): 6.6 (Mar-19), 6.4 (Jun-19), 6.5 (Sep-19), 6.3 (Dec-19), 5.6 (Mar-20), 5.3 (Jun-20), 5.2 (Sep-20), 5.1 (Dec-20), 4.9 (Mar-21), 4.6 (Jun-21)
- Iran: 10.0 (Mar-19), 10.5 (Jun-19), 10.1 (Sep-19), 9.7 (Dec-19), 8.6 (Mar-20), 10.1 (Jun-20), 7.8 (Sep-20), 7.4 (Dec-20), 6.2 (Mar-21)
- Iraq: 18.2 (Mar-19), 16.7 (Jun-19), 15.5 (Sep-19), 16.2 (Dec-19), 17.9 (Mar-20), 18.7 (Jun-20)
- Kazakhstan: 8.6 (Mar-19), 9.4 (Jun-19), 9.3 (Sep-19), 8.1 (Dec-19), 8.9 (Mar-20), 9.0 (Jun-20), 8.4 (Sep-20)
- Kuwait: 1.8 (Mar-19), 1.8 (Jun-19), 1.8 (Sep-19), 1.8 (Dec-19), 2.6 (Mar-20), 2.7 (Jun-20), 2.0 (Sep-20)
- Libya: 21.0 (Jun-19)
- Oman: 2.9 (Mar-19), 3.0 (Jun-19), 3.2 (Sep-19), 3.4 (Dec-19), 3.7 (Mar-20), 4.0 (Jun-20), 4.0 (Sep-20), 4.2 (Dec-20), 4.2 (Mar-21), 4.2 (Jun-21)
- Qatar: 1.9 (Mar-19), 1.8 (Jun-19), 1.8 (Sep-19), 1.8 (Dec-19), 1.9 (Mar-20), 2.1 (Jun-20), 2.1 (Sep-20), 2.0 (Dec-20), 2.2 (Mar-21), 2.1 (Jun-21)
- Saudi Arabia: 1.9 (Mar-19), 1.9 (Jun-19), 1.9 (Sep-19), 1.9 (Dec-19), 1.9 (Mar-20), 2.3 (Jun-20), 2.2 (Sep-20), 2.2 (Dec-20), 2.2 (Mar-21)
- Turkmenistan: 0.0 (Mar-19), 0.0 (Jun-19), 0.0 (Sep-19), 0.0 (Dec-19), 0.0 (Mar-20), 0.0 (Jun-20), 0.0 (Sep-20), 0.0 (Dec-20), 0.0 (Mar-21)
- United Arab Emirates (national banks only): 5.7 (Mar-19), 6.1 (Jun-19), 6.4 (Sep-19), 6.5 (Dec-19), 6.9 (Mar-20), 7.4 (Jun-20), 7.7 (Sep-20), 8.2 (Dec-20), 8.3 (Mar-21), 8.2 (Jun-21)
- Armenia (loans overdue 1–270 days): 5.0 (Mar-19), 5.4 (Jun-19), 5.5 (Sep-19), 5.5 (Dec-19), 5.5 (Mar-20), 5.7 (Jun-20), 6.0 (Sep-20), 6.6 (Dec-20), 7.1 (Mar-21), 6.1 (Jun-21)
- Egypt (data refer to end of fiscal year): 4.1 (Mar-19), 4.2 (Jun-19), 4.5 (Sep-19), 4.2 (Dec-19), 4.1 (Mar-20), 3.9 (Jun-20), 3.4 (Sep-20), 3.6 (Dec-20), 3.5 (Mar-21)
- Georgia: 3.0 (Mar-19), 2.9 (Jun-19), 2.6 (Sep-19), 1.9 (Dec-19), 2.2 (Mar-20), 2.4 (Jun-20), 2.3 (Sep-20), 2.3 (Dec-20), 2.4 (Mar-21), 2.2 (Jun-21)
- Jordan: 5.7 (Sep-19)
- Lebanon: 11.0 (Mar-19), 11.6 (Jun-19), 12.4 (Sep-19), 15.2 (Dec-19), 20.3 (Mar-20), 23.8 (Jun-20)
- Pakistan: 8.2 (Mar-19), 8.8 (Jun-19), 8.8 (Sep-19), 8.8 (Dec-19), 6.8 (Mar-20), 9.1 (Jun-20), 7.9 (Sep-20), 9.9 (Dec-20), 9.2 (Mar-21), 9.3 (Jun-21)
- Tunisia: 13.6 (Mar-19), 13.7 (Jun-19), 13.9 (Sep-19), 13.4 (Dec-19), 13.2 (Mar-20), 13.5 (Jun-20), 13.1 (Sep-20)
- West Bank and Gaza: 3.2 (Mar-19), 3.6 (Jun-19), 3.9 (Sep-19), 4.1 (Dec-19), 4.0 (Mar-20), 3.9 (Jun-20), 3.7 (Sep-20)
- Afghanistan: 10.9 (Mar-19), 12.8 (Jun-19), 13.2 (Sep-19), 14.5 (Dec-19), 15.0 (Mar-20), 17.1 (Jun-20), 17.7 (Sep-20), 21.9 (Dec-20)
- Djibouti: 18.2 (Mar-19), 16.6 (Jun-19), 17.1 (Sep-19), 16.0 (Dec-19), 15.0 (Mar-20), 16.3 (Jun-20), 13.8 (Sep-20), 13.3 (Dec-20)
- Kyrgyz Republic: 7.6 (Mar-19), 7.5 (Jun-19), 8.1 (Sep-19), 7.7 (Dec-19), 8.1 (Mar-20), 8.2 (Jun-20), 9.2 (Sep-20), 10.1 (Dec-20), 10.8 (Mar-21)
- Mauritania: 21.5 (Sep-19), 25.8 (Mar-20)
- Somalia: 2.9 (Mar-19), 4.2 (Jun-19), 5.1 (Sep-19), 5.3 (Dec-19), 5.3 (Mar-20), 6.2 (Jun-20), 5.9 (Sep-20), 4.0 (Dec-20), 5.8 (Mar-21), 3.7 (Jun-21)
- Sudan: 2.9 (Mar-19), 3.0 (Jun-19), 3.9 (Sep-19), 3.5 (Dec-19), 2.7 (Mar-20), 4.1 (Jun-20), 4.8 (Sep-20), 3.3 (Dec-20), 6.8 (Mar-21), 5.3 (Jun-21)
- Tajikistan (overdue by 30 days or more): 30.0 (Mar-19), 25.5 (Jun-19), 31.5 (Sep-19), 26.1 (Dec-19), 29.2 (Mar-20), 31.0 (Jun-20), 28.5 (Sep-20), 23.8 (Dec-20), 23.1 (Mar-21)
- Uzbekistan: 1.4 (Mar-19), 1.5 (Jun-19), 1.3 (Sep-19), 1.5 (Dec-19), 2.2 (Mar-20), 2.8 (Jun-20), 2.6 (Sep-20), 2.1 (Dec-20), 3.5 (Mar-21)

### Table 26. Nonperforming Loans (Percent of total gross loans; 90-day basis)
- Mar-19 to Jun-21 series presented for multiple countries in the source; values and country-level definitions preserved in Tables 24–25 footnotes where applicable.
- Specific country values and timing are reported in the source tables above for Country-level NPL notes:
  - Armenia: defined as loans overdue between at least 1 and 270 days.
  - Tajikistan: overdue by 30 days or more.
  - Egypt: data refer to end of fiscal year.
  - Djibouti, Kyrgyz Republic, Sudan, etc., follow the country series as reported in the source tables.

*Sources: National authorities; IMF, Financial Soundness Indicators; and IMF staff calculations.*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/reo/mcd-cca/2021/october/reo-october-2021-statistical-appendix.pdf_