## Section I. Summary of Mission Outcomes and Priority Recommendations

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---

### Mission visit and objectives
- A technical assistance mission visited Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), Bogotá, Colombia during May 20–24, 2024.
- Objectives:
  - Initiate the compilation of energy and mineral asset accounts.
  - Initiate the compilation of domestic carbon footprints.
  - Engage different teams of DANE and the Banco Central de la República to provide information on currently collected data.

### Importance of macro-relevant climate indicators
- Organizing macro-relevant environmental data (e.g., energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions) using economic classifications:
  - Provides nuanced understanding of environmental impact across sectors.
  - Supports management of environmental impacts via air emission accounts, emission and energy intensities.
  - Guides carbon pricing policy design and assessment.
  - Aids stakeholder adaptation to policy changes, prioritization of mitigation and adaptation strategies, and promotion of cleaner technologies and sustainable practices.
- Energy asset accounts and carbon footprints provide a basis for policies promoting a shift towards a low-carbon economy.

### Priority recommendations (table summary)
- Sep 2024: DANE to compile the preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to calculate the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation.
- Sep 2024: DANE to identify the key differences between the physical flows of GHG emissions and the national GHG inventories for the energy sectors and to compile final estimates of the emissions vector to be used in carbon footprint calculations.
- Dec 2024: DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders.

### Detailed recommended actions and timelines (selected items from Table 2)
- H: Responsibilities to be allocated to different teams along with suggestive timelines to ensure smooth flow of work. Target Completion Date: Aug-24
- H: DANE to identify the key differences between the physical flows of GHG emissions and the national GHG inventories for the energy sectors and to compile initial estimates of the emissions vector to be used in carbon footprint calculations. Target Completion Date: Sep-24
- H: The preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to be compiled for calculating the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation. Target Completion Date: Sep-24
- H: DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders. Target Completion Date: Dec-24
- M: Bridge tables to be developed for physical energy flow accounts with energy balances and GHG emissions accounts with National GHG Inventory. Target Completion Date: Dec 2025 for energy and Dec 2026 for GHG emissions
- M: A section to be included in the technical bulletin to explain to the users the difference between the quantities of export between the asset accounts and that used in the national accounts. Target Completion Date: Dec-26
- M: Bridge tables to be included in the annual publications covering physical energy flow accounts and carbon footprints to help with interpretation by users. Target Completion Date: Jun-27
- M: Air emissions accounts to be extended following the GSBPM process to comprehensively include all sectors of the national GHG inventory. Target Completion Date: Jun-27
- M: Estimates of capital stock to be developed for all industries by type of assets and by sector, to facilitate robust estimation of return to capital, depreciation and resource rent of all natural resources. Target Completion Date: Dec-27
- M: The available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model to be reviewed for incorporating the appropriate model in the estimates of national carbon footprint. Target Completion Date: Dec-27
- H: DANE to inform data sources, policymakers, and users about the aggregates at various stages of compilation and dissemination. Target Completion Date: Ongoing
- M: Feedback to be obtained from users on experimental estimates (not just the committee members) to finetune the methods and dissemination formats. Target Completion Date: Ongoing

### Background (context and intent)
- Colombia is transitioning from heavy reliance on fossil fuels (oil and coal) to renewable energy sources, creating economic, job, technical, policy, and environmental risks.
- Accurate and comprehensive data and easy-to-use data platforms can support evidence-based policymaking, analysis of economic outcomes, labor market shifts, resource allocation across energy sources, and energy efficiency efforts.
- DANE previously prepared a draft methodology for monetary asset accounts (2020) and released environmentally extended input-output tables (2022) that can support domestic and national carbon footprint compilation.
- DANE intends to compile experimental estimates by October 2024 and share experimental estimates with stakeholders by December 2024, following GSBPM and processing for final publication in 2027.

### Institutional set-up
- Directorate of Synthesis and National Accounts (DSCN) of DANE reorganized in December 2023 to improve conceptual integration between sociodemographic, economic, and environmental statistics.
- Three internal working groups (GIT) created for SEEA implementation:
  - GIT SEEA Central Framework (SCAE-MC in Spanish)
  - GIT SEEA Ecosystem Accounts (SCAE-CE)
  - GIT General Environmental and Economic Synthesis

### Review of current compilation and key issues
- DANE has been releasing GHG emissions by 12 industry groups since reference year 2005; only the “energy” emissions are covered under the Air Emissions Accounts.
- For year 2018, differences in energy sector emissions estimates:
  - BUR 2022 submitted to UNFCCC by Colombia: 92,940 (Giga tons CO2 equivalent)
  - GHG emissions as per DANE: 153, 450 (Giga tons CO2 equivalent)
- Potential factors for differences: inclusion of biomass in DANE estimates, residence vs territory concepts, and sectoral coverage (e.g., higher DANE emissions in petroleum refining and electric power generation).
- Recommendations:
  - Develop bridge table mapping DANE emissions to National Inventories for overlapping years to understand differences.
  - Extend air emissions accounts to include IPPU, Agriculture, and Waste with 1-1 concordance to industries where possible.
  - Include fugitive and other process emissions in Physical Flow Accounts for a comprehensive bridge exercise.
  - Develop bridge tables for physical energy flow accounts with energy balances; include these in annual publications to aid user interpretation.
  - Include a technical bulletin section explaining differences between quantities of export in asset accounts vs national accounts; consider footnotes clarifying that physical asset accounts may reflect raw ore extraction rather than mineral content.
- Physical asset accounts available beginning in reference year 2005 covering coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper, and nickel; physical quantities of ore extracted may differ from export quantities used in national accounts.
- DANE participates in KLEMS and LAKLEMS; geometric depreciation factors available by activity and asset type. Productive stock currently grouped into total mining and quarrying; disaggregation by mining activity is needed for resource rent calculations.
- GFCF in national accounts is currently a total rather than disaggregated by industry; past stock series for seven activities are being reassessed. Options to improve capital stock data include direct company engagement or a survey.

### E. Towards the development of asset accounts and carbon footprints
- Steps for compilation of monetary asset accounts leveraging physical mineral and energy asset accounts compiled by DANE:
  - Updating the existing draft methodology document to finalize approach e.g. choice of extraction profiles and discount rate.
  - Choosing base year for the monetary asset accounts.
  - Deliberating and deciding on the level of disaggregation of industries under the mining sector for the capital stock.
  - Reviewing the data available from national accounts (production account, tax information) and in the financial accounts of the government (mining-related rents and royalties) to make optimal use of existing information.
  - Compiling the estimates of capital stock for the mining companies, required for compiling the return to capital, depreciation, and as a residual, the resource rent.
- Status and potential for carbon footprint compilation:
  - DANE does not currently produce any carbon footprint estimates.
  - DANE has an input-output modelling program that has produced environmental multipliers in the past and detailed input-output tables.
  - These data sources combined with physical flow accounts provide a basis for development of carbon footprint estimates.
  - Collaboration between units has worked well in the past and there is demonstrated interest to continue collaborative development.
- Steps for the compilation of carbon footprints based on input-output matrices and air emissions accounts available with DANE:
  - Choosing a base year and the appropriate industry classification (68 or 61 industries);
  - Updating physical flow accounts for GHGs;
  - Compiling the first set of estimates using the domestic technology assumption for exports, imports, and domestic final demand; and
  - Comparing with OECD and other estimates to identify the significant differences and reconcile to the extent possible.
- Iterative improvement and model review:
  - After release of experimental estimates, DANE could review available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model and incorporate the appropriate model in estimates of carbon footprint.
  - At compilation of experimental estimates and at every subsequent review, the level of aggregation in compilation and dissemination must be decided based on data availability and confidence in accuracy.
- Institutional process:
  - DANE implements the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM) in all its statistical operations to provide common language, structure, integration of data and metadata standards, and continuous improvement.
- GSBPM implementation and workplan:
  - The GSBPM implementation is categorized into eight phases and 51 sub-processes; time required varies by subject.
  - A workplan for development of asset accounts and footprints following GSBPM was drafted in consultation with concerned teams.
- Workplan activities and targets:
  - Develop the timelines for the different activities leading to the compilation and dissemination of the data products. — June–July 2024
  - Presentation by DANE to the data producer and user agencies on its plan to compile and release the mineral and energy resource asset accounts and carbon footprints. Presentation to outline the timelines indicated above. — June–July 2024
  - Compilation of the draft set of accounts for consultation and feedback in a Working Group or Committee in the country that has been formed for Climate Change related Statistics. — June–August 2024
  - Agreement by the stakeholders on the coverage and formats of dissemination for the accounts. — September–October 2024
  - Revision of formats/accounts where required.
  - Disseminate the experimental accounts for the selected years as a working paper along with the associated metadata to promote discussion on the mechanism for regular production. — December 2024
- Mission support:
  - The mission team would set up a mechanism of regular, virtual check-in to support DANE in implementation of the workplan.
  - The mission team would be available again in-person around the time of dissemination, if required by DANE.
- Recommendations:
  - DANE to allocate responsibilities to different teams along with suggested timelines to ensure smooth flow of work.
  - The preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to be compiled by September 2024 for calculating the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation.
  - DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders by December 2024.
  - Estimates of capital stock to be developed for all industries by type of assets and by sector, to facilitate robust estimation of return to capital, depreciation and resource rent of all natural resources.
  - DANE to review the available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model for incorporating the appropriate model in the estimates of national carbon footprint.

### F. Dissemination strategy
- Key dissemination principles:
  - Asset accounts and carbon footprints provide insights for strategies and policies targeting energy intensive industries but often require scrutiny of precision and reliability.
  - Engage stakeholders to understand needs and tailor dissemination formats according to needs, subject to confidence level of estimates.
  - Dissemination formats and associated text should help policy makers and users to understand and interpret statistics when first disseminated.
- Policy-use cases:
  - Carbon footprints support cross-country analysis to discuss impact of energy price changes on importing country economies and trade-partner substitutions.
- Recommendations:
  - DANE to inform data sources, policymakers, and users about the aggregates at various stages of compilation and dissemination.
  - DANE to obtain feedback from users on experimental estimates (not just the committee members) to finetune methods and dissemination formats.
  - Based on feedback, DANE to review access to information, including frequency, timeliness and the level of disaggregation at which data can be made available to stakeholders to improve relevance.

### G. Risks
- Institutional capacity and staffing:
  - DANE staff exhibited good understanding of data needs and methods; teams are striving towards adopting SNA and SEEA guidelines.
  - Sharing of information across teams is good.
  - Significant turnover of staff working on environmental economic accounts has occurred; adequate staffing must be ensured for development and dissemination of new data products.
- Resource constraints and competing commitments:
  - DANE has an ambitious set of committed activities and releases for 2024–2027 in environmental-economic accounting, circular economy and ecosystem accounting.
  - The workplan for energy asset accounts and carbon footprint could be affected by resources allotted to other activities and releases.
- Upcoming publications in 2024 (Table 6):
  - Environmental and Economic Forest Flow Account
  - Ninth Report for Circular Economy
  - Environmental and Economic Asset Account of Mineral and Energy Resources
  - Environmental and Economic Solid Waste Flow Account
  - Environmental and Economic Water Flow Account
  - Environmental and Economic Environmental Activities and Associated Transactions Account
  - Environmental and Economic Air Emission Flow Account

### H. Collaboration with other agencies related to climate change
- Role and strategic approach:
  - DANE publications are referenced in Colombia’s Third Biennial Update Report.
  - As lead of the National Statistical System (Sistema Estadistico Nacional, SEN), DANE could actively collaborate in development of such reports.
  - Emphasis on National Statistical Offices as data stewards in international discussions; adopting strategic collaboration and data stewardship is pivotal.
  - Strategy should focus on establishing robust data management policies and fostering collaboration across departments and external stakeholders.
- Environmental Statistics Roundtable:
  - An Environmental Statistics Roundtable (Mesa de estadísticas ambientales) was set up in August 2023 under SEN to coordinate entities to identify, strengthen, and generate relevant and timely environmental statistical information.
  - Technical Secretariat is led by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.
  - Objectives: ensure quality and harmonization of statistical information, facilitate access and availability of data, and leverage administrative records to improve environmental statistics (environmental quality, resource use, extreme events, waste management).
- Participation and engagement:
  - Entities participating include IDEAM, INVEMAR, the Humboldt Institute, the Central Bank, and DANE.
  - The roundtable meets regularly to develop methodologies and tools to meet the country's environmental information needs.
  - DANE could present the plan for developing asset accounts and carbon footprints, including data and methods, at the next roundtable meeting.
- Stakeholder sensitization:
  - Industry associations have recognized the need for information on carbon footprint.
  - Sensitizing stakeholders is crucial to avoid duplication and make best use of resources; this is part of the GSBPM process.

### I. Officials met during the mission
- B. Piedad Urdinola — Director, DANE — bpurdinolac@dane.gov.co
- Juan Pablo Cardoso — Director, Directorate of Synthesis and National Accounts (DSCN) — jpcardosot@dane.gov.co
- Diego Andrés Cobaleda — Coordinator of General Environmental and Economic Synthesis — dacobaledam@dane.gov.co
- Camila Andrea Cáceres — Coordinator of the Central Framework Accounts of the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting — cacaceresh@dane.gov.co
- Luis Hernan Ruiz — DSCN Professional — lhruizc@dane.gov.co
- Nicolas Romero — DSCN Professional — neromeroa@dane.gov.co
- Katty Davila — Institutional Sector Accounts Coordinator — kjdavilaa@dane.gov.co
- Astrid Velasquez — Coordinator of Quarterly Institutional Sector Accounts — avelasquezp@dane.gov.co
- Jenny Espinosa — DSCN Professional — jcespinosa@dane.gov.co
- Fabián Gomez — DSCN Professional — fcgomezr@dane.gov.co
- Claudia Rodriguez — DSCN Professional — cprodriguezp@dane.gov.co
- Marta García — Advisor to the Director — mlgarcial@dane.gov.co
- Camilo Andrés Mendez — Coordinator of Partnerships and International Affairs — camendezc@dane.gov.co
- Andrea Camila Pereira — Professional in Partnerships and International Affairs — acpereirad@dane.gov.co
- Oscar Bautista — Professional of Bank of the Republic — obautiva@banrep.gov.co

*IMF Technical Assistance Report – Colombia Climate Change Statistics — Section I. Summary of Mission Outcomes and Priority Recommendations*

### Section I. Summary of Mission Outcomes and Priority Recommendations ......................................... 3

### Section I. Summary of Mission Outcomes and Priority Recommendations

### Mission visit and objectives
- A technical assistance mission visited Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), Bogotá, Colombia during May 20–24, 2024.
- Objectives:
  - Initiate the compilation of energy and mineral asset accounts.
  - Initiate the compilation of domestic carbon footprints.
  - Engage different teams of DANE and the Banco Central de la República to provide information on currently collected data.

### Importance of macro-relevant climate indicators
- Organizing macro-relevant environmental data (e.g., energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions) using economic classifications:
  - Provides nuanced understanding of environmental impact across sectors.
  - Supports management of environmental impacts via air emission accounts, emission and energy intensities.
  - Guides carbon pricing policy design and assessment.
  - Aids stakeholder adaptation to policy changes, prioritization of mitigation and adaptation strategies, and promotion of cleaner technologies and sustainable practices.
- Energy asset accounts and carbon footprints provide a basis for policies promoting a shift towards a low-carbon economy.

### Priority recommendations (table summary)
- Sep 2024: DANE to compile the preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to calculate the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation.
- Sep 2024: DANE to identify the key differences between the physical flows of GHG emissions and the national GHG inventories for the energy sectors and to compile final estimates of the emissions vector to be used in carbon footprint calculations.
- Dec 2024: DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders.

### Detailed recommended actions and timelines (selected items from Table 2)
- H: Responsibilities to be allocated to different teams along with suggestive timelines to ensure smooth flow of work. Target Completion Date: Aug-24
- H: DANE to identify the key differences between the physical flows of GHG emissions and the national GHG inventories for the energy sectors and to compile initial estimates of the emissions vector to be used in carbon footprint calculations. Target Completion Date: Sep-24
- H: The preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to be compiled for calculating the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation. Target Completion Date: Sep-24
- H: DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders. Target Completion Date: Dec-24
- M: Bridge tables to be developed for physical energy flow accounts with energy balances and GHG emissions accounts with National GHG Inventory. Target Completion Date: Dec 2025 for energy and Dec 2026 for GHG emissions
- M: A section to be included in the technical bulletin to explain to the users the difference between the quantities of export between the asset accounts and that used in the national accounts. Target Completion Date: Dec-26
- M: Bridge tables to be included in the annual publications covering physical energy flow accounts and carbon footprints to help with interpretation by users. Target Completion Date: Jun-27
- M: Air emissions accounts to be extended following the GSBPM process to comprehensively include all sectors of the national GHG inventory. Target Completion Date: Jun-27
- M: Estimates of capital stock to be developed for all industries by type of assets and by sector, to facilitate robust estimation of return to capital, depreciation and resource rent of all natural resources. Target Completion Date: Dec-27
- M: The available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model to be reviewed for incorporating the appropriate model in the estimates of national carbon footprint. Target Completion Date: Dec-27
- H: DANE to inform data sources, policymakers, and users about the aggregates at various stages of compilation and dissemination. Target Completion Date: Ongoing
- M: Feedback to be obtained from users on experimental estimates (not just the committee members) to finetune the methods and dissemination formats. Target Completion Date: Ongoing

### Background (context and intent)
- Colombia is transitioning from heavy reliance on fossil fuels (oil and coal) to renewable energy sources, creating economic, job, technical, policy, and environmental risks.
- Accurate and comprehensive data and easy-to-use data platforms can support evidence-based policymaking, analysis of economic outcomes, labor market shifts, resource allocation across energy sources, and energy efficiency efforts.
- DANE previously prepared a draft methodology for monetary asset accounts (2020) and released environmentally extended input-output tables (2022) that can support domestic and national carbon footprint compilation.
- DANE intends to compile experimental estimates by October 2024 and share experimental estimates with stakeholders by December 2024, following GSBPM and processing for final publication in 2027.

### Institutional set-up
- Directorate of Synthesis and National Accounts (DSCN) of DANE reorganized in December 2023 to improve conceptual integration between sociodemographic, economic, and environmental statistics.
- Three internal working groups (GIT) created for SEEA implementation:
  - GIT SEEA Central Framework (SCAE-MC in Spanish)
  - GIT SEEA Ecosystem Accounts (SCAE-CE)
  - GIT General Environmental and Economic Synthesis

### Review of current compilation and key issues
- DANE has been releasing GHG emissions by 12 industry groups since reference year 2005; only the “energy” emissions are covered under the Air Emissions Accounts.
- For year 2018, differences in energy sector emissions estimates:
  - BUR 2022 submitted to UNFCCC by Colombia: 92,940 (Giga tons CO2 equivalent)
  - GHG emissions as per DANE: 153, 450 (Giga tons CO2 equivalent)
- Potential factors for differences: inclusion of biomass in DANE estimates, residence vs territory concepts, and sectoral coverage (e.g., higher DANE emissions in petroleum refining and electric power generation).
- Recommendations:
  - Develop bridge table mapping DANE emissions to National Inventories for overlapping years to understand differences.
  - Extend air emissions accounts to include IPPU, Agriculture, and Waste with 1-1 concordance to industries where possible.
  - Include fugitive and other process emissions in Physical Flow Accounts for a comprehensive bridge exercise.
  - Develop bridge tables for physical energy flow accounts with energy balances; include these in annual publications to aid user interpretation.
  - Include a technical bulletin section explaining differences between quantities of export in asset accounts vs national accounts; consider footnotes clarifying that physical asset accounts may reflect raw ore extraction rather than mineral content.
- Physical asset accounts available beginning in reference year 2005 covering coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper, and nickel; physical quantities of ore extracted may differ from export quantities used in national accounts.
- DANE participates in KLEMS and LAKLEMS; geometric depreciation factors available by activity and asset type. Productive stock currently grouped into total mining and quarrying; disaggregation by mining activity is needed for resource rent calculations.
- GFCF in national accounts is currently a total rather than disaggregated by industry; past stock series for seven activities are being reassessed. Options to improve capital stock data include direct company engagement or a survey.

*IMF Technical Assistance Report – Colombia Climate Change Statistics — Section I. Summary of Mission Outcomes and Priority Recommendations*

### 21.        The sources and methods of compilation for mineral and energy asset accounts and

### 21.        The sources and methods of compilation for mineral and energy asset accounts and carbon footprints

### E. TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASSET ACCOUNTS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT
- Leveraging physical mineral and energy asset accounts compiled by DANE, steps for compilation of monetary asset accounts:
  - Updating the existing draft methodology document to finalize approach e.g. choice of extraction profiles and discount rate.
  - Choosing base year for the monetary asset accounts.
  - Deliberating and deciding on the level of disaggregation of industries under the mining sector for the capital stock.
  - Reviewing the data available from national accounts (production account, tax information) and in the financial accounts of the government (mining-related rents and royalties) to make optimal use of existing information.
  - Compiling the estimates of capital stock for the mining companies, required for compiling the return to capital, depreciation, and as a residual, the resource rent.

- Status and potential for carbon footprint compilation:
  - DANE does not currently produce any carbon footprint estimates.
  - DANE has an input-output modelling program that has produced environmental multipliers in the past and detailed input-output tables.
  - These data sources combined with physical flow accounts provide a basis for development of carbon footprint estimates.
  - Collaboration between units has worked well in the past and there is demonstrated interest to continue collaborative development.

- Steps for the compilation of carbon footprints based on input-output matrices and air emissions accounts available with DANE:
  - Choosing a base year and the appropriate industry classification (68 or 61 industries);
  - Updating physical flow accounts for GHGs;
  - Compiling the first set of estimates using the domestic technology assumption for exports, imports, and domestic final demand; and
  - Comparing with OECD and other estimates to identify the significant differences and reconcile to the extent possible.

- Iterative improvement and model review:
  - After release of experimental estimates, DANE could review available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model and incorporate the appropriate model in estimates of carbon footprint.
  - At compilation of experimental estimates and at every subsequent review, the level of aggregation in compilation and dissemination must be decided based on data availability and confidence in accuracy.

- Institutional process:
  - DANE implements the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM) in all its statistical operations to provide common language, structure, integration of data and metadata standards, and continuous improvement.

- GSBPM implementation and workplan:
  - The GSBPM implementation is categorized into eight phases and 51 sub-processes; time required varies by subject.
  - A workplan for development of asset accounts and footprints following GSBPM was drafted in consultation with concerned teams.

- Workplan for the Compilation and Release of Asset Accounts and Carbon Footprints (Table 5 activities and targets):
  - Develop the timelines for the different activities leading to the compilation and dissemination of the data products. — June–July 2024
  - Presentation by DANE to the data producer and user agencies on its plan to compile and release the mineral and energy resource asset accounts and carbon footprints. Presentation to outline the timelines indicated above. — June–July 2024
  - Compilation of the draft set of accounts for consultation and feedback in a Working Group or Committee in the country that has been formed for Climate Change related Statistics. — June–August 2024
  - Agreement by the stakeholders on the coverage and formats of dissemination for the accounts. — September–October 2024
  - Revision of formats/accounts where required.
  - Disseminate the experimental accounts for the selected years as a working paper along with the associated metadata to promote discussion on the mechanism for regular production. — December 2024

- Mission support:
  - The mission team would set up a mechanism of regular, virtual check-in to support DANE in implementation of the workplan.
  - The mission team would be available again in-person around the time of dissemination, if required by DANE.

- Recommendations:
  - DANE to allocate responsibilities to different teams along with suggested timelines to ensure smooth flow of work.
  - The preliminary estimates of capital stock for mining companies to be compiled by September 2024 for calculating the return to capital and depreciation required for the resource rent calculation.
  - DANE to compile and share experimental mineral and energy asset accounts in monetary terms and carbon footprints with the stakeholders by December 2024.
  - Estimates of capital stock to be developed for all industries by type of assets and by sector, to facilitate robust estimation of return to capital, depreciation and resource rent of all natural resources.
  - DANE to review the available international multi-regional models and the ECLAC regional model for incorporating the appropriate model in the estimates of national carbon footprint.

### F. DISSEMINATION STRATEGY
- Key dissemination principles:
  - Asset accounts and carbon footprints provide insights for strategies and policies targeting energy intensive industries but often require scrutiny of precision and reliability.
  - Engage stakeholders to understand needs and tailor dissemination formats according to needs, subject to confidence level of estimates.
  - Dissemination formats and associated text should help policy makers and users to understand and interpret statistics when first disseminated.

- Policy-use cases:
  - Carbon footprints support cross-country analysis to discuss impact of energy price changes on importing country economies and trade-partner substitutions.

- Recommendations:
  - DANE to inform data sources, policymakers, and users about the aggregates at various stages of compilation and dissemination.
  - DANE to obtain feedback from users on experimental estimates (not just the committee members) to finetune methods and dissemination formats.
  - Based on feedback, DANE to review access to information, including frequency, timeliness and the level of disaggregation at which data can be made available to stakeholders to improve relevance.

### G. RISKS
- Institutional capacity and staffing:
  - DANE staff exhibited good understanding of data needs and methods; teams are striving towards adopting SNA and SEEA guidelines.
  - Sharing of information across teams is good.
  - Significant turnover of staff working on environmental economic accounts has occurred; adequate staffing must be ensured for development and dissemination of new data products.

- Resource constraints and competing commitments:
  - DANE has an ambitious set of committed activities and releases for 2024–2027 in environmental-economic accounting, circular economy and ecosystem accounting.
  - The workplan for energy asset accounts and carbon footprint could be affected by resources allotted to other activities and releases.

- Upcoming publications in 2024 (Table 6):
  - Environmental and Economic Forest Flow Account
  - Ninth Report for Circular Economy
  - Environmental and Economic Asset Account of Mineral and Energy Resources
  - Environmental and Economic Solid Waste Flow Account
  - Environmental and Economic Water Flow Account
  - Environmental and Economic Environmental Activities and Associated Transactions Account
  - Environmental and Economic Air Emission Flow Account

### H. COLLABORATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Role and strategic approach:
  - DANE publications are referenced in Colombia’s Third Biennial Update Report.
  - As lead of the National Statistical System (Sistema Estadistico Nacional, SEN), DANE could actively collaborate in development of such reports.
  - Emphasis on National Statistical Offices as data stewards in international discussions; adopting strategic collaboration and data stewardship is pivotal.
  - Strategy should focus on establishing robust data management policies and fostering collaboration across departments and external stakeholders.

- Environmental Statistics Roundtable:
  - An Environmental Statistics Roundtable (Mesa de estadísticas ambientales) was set up in August 2023 under SEN to coordinate entities to identify, strengthen, and generate relevant and timely environmental statistical information.
  - Technical Secretariat is led by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.
  - Objectives: ensure quality and harmonization of statistical information, facilitate access and availability of data, and leverage administrative records to improve environmental statistics (environmental quality, resource use, extreme events, waste management).

- Participation and engagement:
  - Entities participating include IDEAM, INVEMAR, the Humboldt Institute, the Central Bank, and DANE.
  - The roundtable meets regularly to develop methodologies and tools to meet the country's environmental information needs.
  - DANE could present the plan for developing asset accounts and carbon footprints, including data and methods, at the next roundtable meeting.

- Stakeholder sensitization:
  - Industry associations have recognized the need for information on carbon footprint.
  - Sensitizing stakeholders is crucial to avoid duplication and make best use of resources; this is part of the GSBPM process.

### I. OFFICIALS MET DURING THE MISSION
- List of officials and institutions (names and roles as provided):
  - B. Piedad Urdinola — Director, DANE — bpurdinolac@dane.gov.co
  - Juan Pablo Cardoso — Director, Directorate of Synthesis and National Accounts (DSCN) — jpcardosot@dane.gov.co
  - Diego Andrés Cobaleda — Coordinator of General Environmental and Economic Synthesis — dacobaledam@dane.gov.co
  - Camila Andrea Cáceres — Coordinator of the Central Framework Accounts of the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting — cacaceresh@dane.gov.co
  - Luis Hernan Ruiz — DSCN Professional — lhruizc@dane.gov.co
  - Nicolas Romero — DSCN Professional — neromeroa@dane.gov.co
  - Katty Davila — Institutional Sector Accounts Coordinator — kjdavilaa@dane.gov.co
  - Astrid Velasquez — Coordinator of Quarterly Institutional Sector Accounts — avelasquezp@dane.gov.co
  - Jenny Espinosa — DSCN Professional — jcespinosa@dane.gov.co
  - Fabián Gomez — DSCN Professional — fcgomezr@dane.gov.co
  - Claudia Rodriguez — DSCN Professional — cprodriguezp@dane.gov.co
  - Marta García — Advisor to the Director — mlgarcial@dane.gov.co
  - Camilo Andrés Mendez — Coordinator of Partnerships and International Affairs — camendezc@dane.gov.co
  - Andrea Camila Pereira — Professional in Partnerships and International Affairs — acpereirad@dane.gov.co
  - Oscar Bautista — Professional of Bank of the Republic — obautiva@banrep.gov.co

*IMF | Technical Assistance Report – Colombia Climate Change Statistics*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/tar/2024/english/tarea2024096-print-pdf.pdf_