## PERU — Report on Physical Energy Flow and Air Emissions Accounts (October 6–10, 2025)

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [PERU — Report on Physical Energy Flow and Air Emissions Accounts (October 6–10, 2025)](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/tar/2026/english/tarea2026053.pdf)

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### Mission objectives and context
- Mission dates: October 6–10, 2025.
- Objectives:
  - Review, assess, analyze, and validate revised Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) and Air Emissions Accounts (AEA) for 2019.
  - Review preliminary PEFA for 2020–2022 and preliminary AEA for 2020–2021.
  - Discuss dissemination strategies and metadata preparation.
  - Develop a time series for indicators based on 2019 and establish a mechanism for regular production of accounts.
  - Support broader stakeholder engagement.
- Context:
  - COVID-19 Pandemic affected availability and timeliness of source data.
  - IMF Statistics Department, with support from SECO, launched a two-year “Environmental and Climate Change Statistics Capacity Development Program” (project launched in March 2023).
  - Diagnostic mission: July 2023; training workshop: February 2024 (UNSIAP, Chiba, Japan).
  - May 27–31, 2024 mission initiated compilation and training.
  - February 2025 mission assisted with data analysis/validation and dissemination strategy.
  - Experimental accounts for 2019 were released on July 11, 2025: “Experimental Accounts of Physical Energy Flows and Air Emissions—Methodology and Results.”

### Key findings from the October 2025 mission
- Validation and adjustments:
  - Reviewed and validated PEFA for 2020–2022 and AEA for 2020–2021.
  - Detected incoherence in natural gas allocation in mining and manufacturing from the energy balance data.
  - Recommended revision and redistribution of own consumption of energy products by mining and manufacturing because own consumption includes natural gas and oil derivative products affecting both industries.
  - Suggested collaboration with MINEM for additional detailed data to adjust PEFA.
- Residence principle and transport:
  - Both PEFA and AEA require application of the national accounts residence principle: include flows used/generated by resident units and deduct flows by non-resident units in the economic territory.
  - Recommended residence adjustments for maritime and inland water transport; suggested contacting OECD for detailed navigation transport experimental database and Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (Reserve Bank of Peru) for detailed balance of payments data (e.g., fuel sales to non-residents and fuel purchases abroad by residents).
- Interconnections and productivity:
  - Emphasized inter-connections between PEFA and AEA: residence adjustments and energy-emission linkages can be applied once and used for both accounts to boost productivity and data quality.
- Methodological consistency:
  - AEA and PEFA are consistent with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012—Central Framework (SEEA-CF) and fully consistent with monetary data from the System of National Accounts (SNA).
- Hands-on assistance outcomes:
  - Mission provided hands-on assistance to implement recommended adjustments; most adjustments were incorporated on site.
  - Provided additional assistance on allocation of different diesel types to PEFA energy products; allocation was cross-checked with MINEM experts.
- Dissemination and indicators:
  - Discussed economic-environmental indicators and settled guidance on use of GDP at current or constant prices.
  - Recommended use of the supply and use table by product and value added by economic activity at current prices from national accounts to calculate ratios and indicators.
  - Discussed guidelines for preparing publication of tables and metadata; explored examples from other countries and international institutions.

### Priority recommendations and timeline (Table 1)
- October 2025:
  - Make the adjustments suggested by the mission on natural gas, diesel, and maritime and inland water transport to the accounts. — Responsible: INEI
  - Use the supply and use table and the GDP at current prices for the year in question to calculate the ratios for the adjustments and the indicators used in the accounts. — Responsible: INEI
- April 2026:
  - Publish the tables with revised data, and their respective metadata, for 2019 and preliminary energy accounts for 2020–2022 and air emissions accounts for 2020–2021 by April 2026. — Responsible: INEI

### Main recommendations and actions
- Resource and institutional arrangements:
  - Allocate additional human resources to the compilation of the energy and air emission accounts.
  - Establish a mechanism for the regular compilation and publication of the accounts at national level from 2026 onwards.
- Data and methodological adjustments:
  - Make adjustments on natural gas, diesel, and maritime and inland water transport to align PEFA and AEA with national accounts.
  - Review and redistribute own consumption of energy products by mining and manufacturing; request more detailed data from MINEM for PEFA adjustments.
  - Apply the residence principle consistently across PEFA and AEA.
  - Increase the level of detail from aggregated to medium breakdown for both AEA and PEFA in the next compilation exercise.
- Data sharing and external data sources:
  - Contact the OECD to request more detailed data on the experimental database on navigation transport.
  - Contact the Reserve Bank of Peru to request detailed balance of payments data (e.g., fuel sales to non-residents and fuel purchases abroad by residents).
- Reporting and international engagement:
  - Start the regular annual reporting of the AEA and the PEFA questionnaires to the United Nations and OECD by March 2026.
- Publication and metadata:
  - Publish revised tables and metadata for 2019, preliminary PEFA for 2020–2022, and preliminary AEA for 2020–2021 by April 2026.

### Technical assessment highlights
- Data quality and sources:
  - Source data are dispersed across institutions; recommended enhanced communication, collaboration, and coordination through data sharing mechanisms (e.g., memorandums of understanding) and technical committees (ICSEEA as coordination mechanism).
  - COVID-19 affected source-data timeliness and availability.
- Calculation guidance:
  - Use supply and use tables and GDP at current prices for ratio calculations when performing adjustments and producing indicators.
- Consistency and use:
  - PEFA and AEA use the same structure as supply and use tables and can be used for input-output modeling, carbon footprint calculations, and to inform policies such as carbon taxes/prices and border carbon adjustments.
- Dissemination approach:
  - Release experimental/labelled data if necessary to meet project timelines; user feedback from the July 11, 2025 experimental publication should be considered in the next release.

### Officials met during the mission (selected)
- Institutions represented: BCRP, SENAMHI, MTC, MINAM, MINEM, MIDAGRI, SERFOR, OSINERGMIN, INEI.
- Selected officials:
  - Raymundo Guillermo Chirinos Cabrejos — BCRP
  - Sebastián Alejandro Basurto Cervantes — BCRP
  - Jhonatan Edwin Bruno Ramirez — SENAMHI
  - Juan Carlos Zegarra Vargas — SENAMHI
  - Rosalinda Cedy Aguirre Almeyda — SENAMHI
  - Carmen Carolina Calle Benavides — MTC
  - Diego Lope — MINAM
  - Robert Cordoña Ccahuata — MINEM
  - Giannina Ibarra — MINEM
  - Celia Bedoya Jimenez — MIDAGRI
  - Irma Romero — MIDAGRI
  - Milagros Montes Matos — MIDAGRI
  - Sandra Roncal — MIDAGRI
  - Alfredo Apaza Ticona — SERFOR
  - Alexs Arana Olivos — SERFOR
  - Wilder Santos Viera — OSINERGMIN
  - Jose Luis Robles — INEI
  - Consuelo Landa — INEI
  - Henrry Meza Meza — INEI
  - Judith Samaniego — INEI
  - Ysabel Galvan Palomino — INEI
  - Ernesto Mercado — INEI
  - Bertha Rodriguez Jara — INEI
  - Carlos Carre Rodriguez — INEI
  - Felixalberto Lavado — INEI
  - Fanny Sumalave — INEI
  - Jean Gonzales Vitancio — INEI
  - Miluska Luy Fabab — INEI

*Prepared by Lisbeth Rivas and Alcino Gomes — IMF Statistics Department; Technical Assistance Report (October 2025).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/tar/2026/english/tarea2026053.pdf_