## tablea ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [tablea](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2021/april/english/tablea.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2021/april/english/tablea.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2021/april/english/tablea.pdf.json) --- ### World summary — Real GDP and world output - World Real GDP (Annual percent change): 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.6 2.8 –3.3 6.0 4.4 3.3 - Value of World Output (billions of US dollars) at Market Exchange Rates: 57,997 77,084 79,155 74,937 76,159 80,834 85,893 87,345 84,538 93,864 100,105 122,363 - Value of World Output (billions of US dollars) at Purchasing Power Parities: 79,632 105,061 108,996 111,271 115,533 121,690 128,965 134,784 131,656 141,962 151,543 187,448 - World Growth Rate Based on Market Exchange Rates: 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.1 2.4 –3.6 5.8 4.1 2.7 ### Advanced economies — levels, projections, and components - Aggregate Real GDP (Annual percent change), Advanced Economies (aggregate): 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.6 –4.7 5.1 3.6 1.5 - Selected major advanced economies (Annual percent change): - United States: 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.2 –3.5 6.4 3.5 1.6 - Euro Area: 0.9 –0.2 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.3 –6.6 4.4 3.8 1.3 - Japan: 0.7 2.0 0.3 1.6 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.3 –4.8 3.3 2.5 0.5 - Other Advanced Economies: 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.4 1.8 –4.2 4.7 4.0 2.0 - Q4-over-Q4 Real GDP and Domestic Demand (selected, Advanced Economies): - Q4 over Q4 Real GDP, Advanced Economies: 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.6 –4.7 5.1 3.6 1.5 - Real Total Domestic Demand, Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.3 1.8 –4.6 5.1 3.6 1.5 - United States Real Total Domestic Demand: 1.7 1.6 2.7 3.7 1.9 2.5 3.2 2.3 –3.3 7.6 3.2 1.5 - Components of Real GDP, Advanced Economies (Annual percent change): - Private Consumer Expenditure: 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.7 –6.0 4.5 4.2 - Public Consumption: 1.5 1.7 –0.1 0.6 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.7 2.3 1.2 5.9 1.3 - Gross Fixed Capital Formation: 1.1 2.6 1.7 3.4 3.5 2.4 3.7 3.2 2.4 –3.7 6.0 3.8 - Final Domestic Demand: 1.5 1.9 1.1 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 –4.2 4.9 3.5 - Stock Building (percent of GDP changes): 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 –0.2 0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.4 0.2 0.1 - Foreign Balance (percent of GDP changes): 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 –0.3 –0.1 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 0.1 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies — aggregates, regions, and selected countries - Aggregate Real GDP (Annual percent change), Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.6 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.5 3.6 –2.2 6.7 5.0 4.4 - Regional groups (Annual percent change): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 8.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.4 5.3 –1.0 8.6 6.0 5.4 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 4.6 3.1 1.8 1.0 1.9 4.1 3.4 2.4 –2.0 4.4 3.9 2.7 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 3.9 2.9 1.3 0.4 –0.6 1.3 1.2 0.2 –7.0 4.6 3.1 2.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 5.7 3.1 3.3 2.8 4.7 2.5 2.0 1.4 –2.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.7 5.1 5.1 3.2 1.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 –1.9 3.4 4.0 4.0 - Selected country projections (Emerging & Developing Asia, annual percent change): - China: 10.5 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.7 5.8 2.3 8.4 5.6 4.9 - India: 7.9 6.4 7.4 8.0 8.3 6.8 6.5 4.0 –8.0 12.5 6.9 6.5 - Indonesia: 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 –2.1 4.3 5.8 5.2 - Vietnam: 6.6 5.6 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.0 2.9 6.5 7.2 6.6 - Selected country projections (Latin America and the Caribbean, annual percent change): - Brazil: 3.8 3.0 0.5 –3.5 –3.3 1.3 1.8 1.4 –4.1 3.7 2.6 2.0 - Mexico: 2.2 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.1 2.2 –0.1 –8.2 5.0 3.0 2.0 - Colombia: 4.7 5.1 4.5 3.0 2.1 1.4 2.6 3.3 –6.8 5.1 3.6 3.6 - Peru: 6.2 5.8 2.4 3.3 4.4 2.1 4.0 2.2 –11.1 8.5 5.2 3.3 ### Inflation — GDP deflators and consumer prices - GDP Deflators — Advanced Economies: 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 - Consumer Prices — Advanced Economies (annual averages): 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 - Consumer Prices — Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual averages): 6.4 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.4 3.8 - Regional consumer price averages (annual averages, selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 4.8 4.6 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.7 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.8 5.5 6.5 10.6 5.5 5.6 6.4 6.6 5.4 6.5 5.4 5.4 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 5.4 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.5 6.3 6.6 7.7 6.4 7.2 6.6 4.0 - Middle East and Central Asia: 7.9 8.3 6.4 5.5 5.7 6.9 9.5 7.4 10.2 11.2 8.1 6.4 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 9.2 6.5 6.3 6.8 10.4 10.7 8.4 8.5 10.8 9.8 7.8 6.0 - Consumer Prices — Advanced Economies, selected (annual averages / end-of-period): - United States: 2.5 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 - Euro Area (HICP): 2.1 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 - Japan: –0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 –0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.7 1.0 - Consumer Prices — Emerging Market and Developing Economies, selected country highlights (end-of-period / annual percent change): - China: 3.0 2.6 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.9 2.4 1.2 1.9 –0.3 2.3 1.9 - India (series across table): 7.6 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.4 4.8 6.2 4.9 4.1 4.0 4.9 4.8 3.9 - Venezuela (country note applies): 23.3 40.6 62.2 122 225 543 865,374 19,906 2,355 5,500 5,500 . . . 2,960 5,500 5,500 - Sudan (note references in table): 13.6 36.5 36.9 16.9 17.8 32.4 63.3 51.0 163.3 197.1 44.5 10.4 269.3 119.6 28.8 - Zimbabwe (see country-specific notes): 3.9 1.6 –0.2 –2.4 –1.6 0.9 10.6 255.3 557.3 99.3 24.7 3.3 348.6 49.4 22.0 ### Major advanced economies — general government fiscal balances and debt (percent of GDP and debt levels) - Major Advanced Economies, Net Lending/Borrowing (series shown): –5.4–4.3–3.6–3.0–3.3–3.3–3.4–3.7–13.2–11.9–5.0–3.3 - Major Advanced Economies, Structural Balance (series shown): –4.4–3.2–2.6–2.4–2.9–3.1–3.4–3.9–8.9–9.6–5.1–3.5 - United States (selected series): - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.6–4.6–4.1–3.5–4.3–4.6–5.4–5.7–15.8–15.0–6.1–4.7 - Structural Balance: –4.6–3.0–2.6–2.6–3.7–4.3–5.4–6.1–11.7–12.9–6.8–5.1 - Net Debt: 56.780.781.280.781.781.481.783.0103.2109.0109.5115.3 - Gross Debt: 77.8104.8104.6104.7106.6105.6106.6108.2127.1132.8132.1134.5 - Euro Area and key countries (selected series): - Euro Area Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3–3.0–2.5–2.0–1.5–0.9–0.5–0.6–7.6–6.7–3.3–1.6 - Germany Net Debt: 56.858.755.152.549.645.843.041.450.052.550.442.2 - Italy Net Debt: 102.1119.2121.4122.2121.6121.3121.8122.1142.0144.2143.1139.7 - Japan Net Debt: 110.4142.9145.1144.6149.6148.1151.2150.4169.2172.3171.0172.6 - United Kingdom Net Debt: 48.875.977.978.277.876.875.975.393.897.299.2103.1 - Canada Net Debt (includes equity shares): 27.229.728.528.428.726.025.623.433.037.036.626.9 - Notes: Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries. Gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for countries that have adopted the System of National Accounts 2008 (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans. ### World trade volumes and prices — volumes, deflators, and memoranda - World trade volumes (annual percent change), Volume (World Trade): 5.6 2.8 3.6 3.8 2.9 2.3 5.6 3.9 0.9 –8.5 8.4 6.5 - World trade price deflators (US dollars): 5.1 –0.8 –0.6 –1.8 –13.3 –4.1 4.3 5.5 –2.6 –2.2 7.6 0.4 - Selected price series (World Trade Prices in US Dollars): - Manufactures: 3.1 –0.9 –2.8 –0.4 –2.9 –5.1 0.1 2.0 0.4 –3.1 2.0 0.7 - Oil: 15.5 –6.3 –0.9 –7.5 –47.2 –15.7 23.3 29.4 –10.2 –32.7 41.7 –6.3 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 10.3 –0.3 –5.8 –5.5 –17.1 –0.4 6.4 1.3 0.8 6.7 16.1 –1.9 - Food: 6.8 –0.7 –0.3 –1.6 –16.9 1.5 3.8 –1.2 –3.1 1.7 13.9 –2.0 - Memorandum — World Exports in Billions of US Dollars — Goods and Services: 16,452 23,669 23,373 23,798 21,130 20,747 22,864 25,048 24,612 22,062 25,636 27,421 - Average Oil Price (percent change; in US Dollars a Barrel) and level series: 15.5 –6.3 –0.9 –7.5 –47.2 –15.7 23.3 29.4 –10.2 –32.7 41.7 –6.3 ; In US Dollars a Barrel series: 70.22 63.11 104.07 96.25 50.79 42.84 52.81 68.33 61.39 41.29 58.52 54.83 ### Current account balances — levels and percent of GDP - Current account balances (Billions of US dollars, selected series): - Advanced Economies: 241.9 240.2 285.7 375.3 480.2 389.5 342.1 175.8 124.3 262.6 52.1 1.1 (series as presented) - United States (billions): –336.9 –367.8 –407.4 –394.9 –365.3 –449.7 –480.2 –646.4 –876.4 –733.8 –550.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (billions): 161.2 168.7 –58.8 –85.3 –10.2 –55.0 52.2 196.2 206.4 101.3 –217.2 - Current account balances (Percent of GDP, selected series): - Advanced Economies: 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 - United States: –2.0 –2.1 –2.2 –2.1 –1.9 –2.2 –2.2 –3.1 –3.9 –3.1 –2.0 - Euro Area: 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.7 - Selected country highlights (percent of GDP): Italy: 1.1 1.9 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 ; Switzerland: 11.4 8.1 10.3 9.0 7.2 6.7 6.7 3.8 6.7 7.5 7.5 ; Singapore: 15.7 18.0 18.7 17.6 17.3 15.4 14.3 17.6 14.6 14.4 13.5 ### Current account balance and financial account — regional aggregates and selected series - Current Account Balance: Regional Aggregates (Percent of GDP, selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 0.7 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 –0.3 0.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.0 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –2.9 –3.1 –3.3 –2.0 –1.6 –2.5 –1.7 0.2 0.0 –0.4 –1.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 8.6 5.1 –3.9 –4.2 –1.1 2.7 0.5 –3.0 0.3 0.1 –0.7 - Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars, aggregates): - Advanced Economies — Financial Account Balance: 249.5 300.3 345.2 423.6 462.0 325.0 319.8 –2.8 136.3 286.4 - Direct Investment, Net: 175.5 241.8 1.0 –3 19.0 331.2 –128.2 –75.9 40.5 29.8 79.9 - Portfolio Investment, Net: –553.8 57.8 193.3 483.7 17.6 431.0 220.3 67.5 –209.9 –107.0 - Other Investment, Net: 400.1 –141.3 10.8 45.6 –152.0 –159.5 78.9 –494.0 144.1 150.3 - Change in Reserves: 153.2 140.0 226.6 178.5 244.5 127.6 66.2 303.5 129.9 124.6 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Financial Account Balance: –26.7 13.5 –306.0 –406.5 –245.8 –225.5 –158.3 145.6 266.9 146.6 - Direct Investment, Net: –484.0 –428.5 –346.4 –258.7 –312.3 –374.9 –359.5 –342.5 –402.4 –440.8 - Portfolio Investment, Net: –148.3 –88.4 129.5 –54.9 –206.4 –95.4 –67.6 –28.0 –110.0 –157.5 - Other Investment, Net: 62.8 405.5 469.3 383.1 102.3 121.3 94.6 418.5 214.5 217.6 - Change in Reserves: 542.3 112.4 –565.0 –469.4 166.4 119.4 171.1 85.4 546.4 503.5 - Financial Account Balances — Regional groupings (Billions of US dollars, selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia — Financial Account Balance: 27.8 153.5 69.9 –28.1 –55.9 –259.1 –81.6 261.8 237.4 177.4 ; Change in Reserves: 445.5 196.4 –331.5 –382.4 200.1 24.9 100.2 180.4 445.6 407.7 - Latin America and the Caribbean — Financial Account Balance: –197.4 –192.7 –191.3 –103.9 –101.7 –149.7 –106.7 1.7 1.1 –19.9 ; Change in Reserves: 12.5 39.8 –28.6 21.0 17.1 13.7 –32.3 11.1 28.9 22.6 - Sub-Saharan Africa — Financial Account Balance: –54.2 –78.2 –65.9 –60.7 –36.5 –26.2 –52.5 –37.9 –50.9 –61.2 ; Change in Reserves: 2.4 –7.9 –14.6 –9.3 13.6 3.2 7.3 –17.0 0.5 –0.7 ### Financial account balances and net lending/borrowing — world and group summaries - Selected World financial account series (Billions of US dollars): - Other Investment, Net: 17.6, –0.4, –21.1, –28.5, 9.7, –2.0, 1.2, 4.5, –5.2, –12.6 - Change in Reserves: –0.1, –6.5, –0.1, 4.5, 4.1, 7.2, –6.3, –12.9, 8.6, 4.8 - World Financial Account Balance: 222.9, 313.8, 39.2, 17.1, 216.2, 99.5, 161.5, 142.9, 403.2, 433.0 - Summary of Net Lending and Borrowing (Percent of GDP), World (Memorandum): - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.3, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 - Current Account Balance: 0.2, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3 - Savings: 24.7, 25.5, 26.4, 25.9, 26.5, 26.8, 26.8, 26.7, 27.0, 27.1, 27.3 - Investment: 24.5, 25.1, 25.9, 25.4, 25.9, 26.5, 26.4, 26.3, 26.7, 26.8, 27.1 ### World medium-term baseline scenario and memoranda (selected) - World Real GDP (Annual Percent Change): 4.2, 3.1, 2.8, –3.3, 6.0, 4.4, 2.4, 3.4 - Advanced Economies Real GDP: 1.7, 1.8, 1.6, –4.7, 5.1, 3.6, 1.4, 1.6 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies Real GDP: 6.6, 4.1, 3.6, –2.2, 6.7, 5.0, 3.2, 4.6 - Memoranda: - Potential Output, Major Advanced Economies: 1.7, 1.2, 1.4, –1.4, 2.8, 2.2, 1.2, 1.4 - World Trade, Volume (goods and services): 5.6, 2.8, 0.9, –8.5, 8.4, 6.5, 1.6, 3.8 - Selected trade and price components (annual percent change, baseline): - Imports Advanced Economies: 3.9, 2.9, 1.7, –9.1, 9.1, 6.4, 1.8, 3.2 - Exports Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.3, 3.1, 0.5, –5.7, 7.6, 6.0, 2.0, 4.6 - World prices in US dollars — Manufactures: 3.1, –0.9, 0.4, –3.1, 2.0, 0.7, 0.0, 1.7 ; Oil: 15.5, –6.3, –10.2, –32.7, 41.7, –6.3, –5.4, –2.0 - Consumer prices (baseline): - Advanced Economies: 2.0, 1.3, 1.4, 0.7, 1.6, 1.7, 1.3, 1.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.4, 4.8, 5.1, 5.1, 4.9, 4.4, 4.9, 3.9 - Interest rates (baseline): - Real Six-Month LIBOR: 0.2, –0.7, 0.5, –0.5, –1.5, –1.4, –0.7, –1.1 - World Real Long-Term Interest Rate: 1.4, 0.1, –0.2, –0.3, –0.8, –0.7, –0.5, –0.4 - External debt and debt service (Emerging Market and Developing Economies, percent of GDP / exports): - Total External Debt (percent of GDP): 28.3, 30.7, 30.5, 32.6, 31.5, 30.9, 31.4, 29.9 - Debt Service (percent of exports of goods and services and primary income): 9.2, 11.0, 11.0, 11.4, 11.0, 10.8, 11.0, 10.7 *International Monetary Fund — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: MANAGING DIVERGENT RECOVERIES — Table A (Statistical Appendix tables and series as provided in the source PDF).* ### Section 1 ### tablea - Section 1 ### World Summary: Real GDP (Annual percent change) - World: 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.6 2.8 –3.3 6.0 4.4 3.3 - Value of World Output (billions of US dollars) at Market Exchange Rates: 57,997 77,084 79,155 74,937 76,159 80,834 85,893 87,345 84,538 93,864 100,105 122,363 - Value of World Output (billions of US dollars) at Purchasing Power Parities: 79,632 105,061 108,996 111,271 115,533 121,690 128,965 134,784 131,656 141,962 151,543 187,448 - World Growth Rate Based on Market Exchange Rates: 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.1 2.4 –3.6 5.8 4.1 2.7 ### Advanced Economies: Levels and Projections (Annual percent change) - Advanced Economies (aggregate): 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.6 –4.7 5.1 3.6 1.5 - United States: 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.2 –3.5 6.4 3.5 1.6 - Euro Area: 0.9 –0.2 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.3 –6.6 4.4 3.8 1.3 - Japan: 0.7 2.0 0.3 1.6 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.3 –4.8 3.3 2.5 0.5 - Other Advanced Economies (excludes euro area, Japan, United States): 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.4 1.8 –4.2 4.7 4.0 2.0 ### Advanced Economies: Q4-over-Q4 Real GDP and Domestic Demand (selected) - Advanced Economies (Q4 over Q4 Real GDP): 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.6 –4.7 5.1 3.6 1.5 - United States (Q4 over Q4 Real GDP): 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.2 –3.5 6.4 3.5 1.6 - Real Total Domestic Demand, Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.3 1.8 –4.6 5.1 3.6 1.5 - Real Total Domestic Demand, United States: 1.7 1.6 2.7 3.7 1.9 2.5 3.2 2.3 –3.3 7.6 3.2 1.5 - Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) Real GDP: 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.5 –5.0 5.4 3.6 1.3 ### Advanced Economies: Components of Real GDP (Annual percent change) - Private Consumer Expenditure, Advanced Economies: 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.7 –6.0 4.5 4.2 - Public Consumption, Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.7 –0.1 0.6 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.7 2.3 1.2 5.9 1.3 - Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Advanced Economies: 1.1 2.6 1.7 3.4 3.5 2.4 3.7 3.2 2.4 –3.7 6.0 3.8 - Final Domestic Demand, Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.9 1.1 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 –4.2 4.9 3.5 - Stock Building, Advanced Economies (percent of GDP changes): 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 –0.2 0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.4 0.2 0.1 - Foreign Balance, Advanced Economies (percent of GDP changes): 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 –0.3 –0.1 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 0.1 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Aggregates and Regional Groups (Annual percent change) - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): 6.6 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.5 3.6 –2.2 6.7 5.0 4.4 - Emerging and Developing Asia: 8.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.4 5.3 –1.0 8.6 6.0 5.4 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 4.6 3.1 1.8 1.0 1.9 4.1 3.4 2.4 –2.0 4.4 3.9 2.7 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 3.9 2.9 1.3 0.4 –0.6 1.3 1.2 0.2 –7.0 4.6 3.1 2.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 5.7 3.1 3.3 2.8 4.7 2.5 2.0 1.4 –2.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.7 5.1 5.1 3.2 1.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 –1.9 3.4 4.0 4.0 ### Selected Country Projections (Emerging & Developing Asia, annual percent change) - China: 10.5 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.7 5.8 2.3 8.4 5.6 4.9 - India: 7.9 6.4 7.4 8.0 8.3 6.8 6.5 4.0 –8.0 12.5 6.9 6.5 - Indonesia: 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 –2.1 4.3 5.8 5.2 - Vietnam: 6.6 5.6 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.0 2.9 6.5 7.2 6.6 ### Selected Country Projections (Latin America and the Caribbean, annual percent change) - Brazil: 3.8 3.0 0.5 –3.5 –3.3 1.3 1.8 1.4 –4.1 3.7 2.6 2.0 - Mexico: 2.2 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.1 2.2 –0.1 –8.2 5.0 3.0 2.0 - Colombia: 4.7 5.1 4.5 3.0 2.1 1.4 2.6 3.3 –6.8 5.1 3.6 3.6 - Peru: 6.2 5.8 2.4 3.3 4.4 2.1 4.0 2.2 –11.1 8.5 5.2 3.3 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Analytical and Other Groups - By Source of Export Earnings: - Fuel: 6.2 3.1 3.1 1.4 2.3 0.6 –0.1 –0.4 –4.4 3.8 3.0 2.6 - Nonfuel: 6.7 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.1 4.1 –1.9 7.0 5.2 4.6 - Of Which, Primary Products: 4.8 4.0 2.2 2.9 1.7 2.7 1.6 0.9 –5.7 5.0 3.8 2.9 - By External Financing Source: - Net Debtor Economies: 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.5 3.4 –4.2 6.3 5.1 4.7 - Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2015–19: 4.3 2.9 1.6 0.2 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.1 –1.3 2.4 4.2 4.9 - Other Groups: - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: 6.6 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.5 3.5 –2.4 6.9 5.0 4.3 - Low-Income Developing Countries: 6.2 5.9 6.1 4.7 3.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 0.0 4.3 5.2 5.4 ### Memoranda: Median Growth Rates and Output per Capita - Median Growth Rate, Advanced Economies: 2.1 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.8 2.0 –5.1 4.0 3.6 2.0 - Median Growth Rate, Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 4.8 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.0 –4.1 3.5 4.4 3.5 - Output per Capita (PPP), Advanced Economies: 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.2 –5.1 4.8 3.3 1.2 - Output per Capita (PPP), Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 4.8 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.2 2.3 –3.5 5.3 3.8 3.3 *Source: WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: MANAGING DIVERGENT RECOVERIES — Table A1 through Table A4 (Statistical Appendix).* ### Section 2 ### tablea - Section 2 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Real GDP (Sub-Saharan Africa excerpt) - Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.7 5.1 5.1 3.2 1.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 –1.9 3.4 4.0 4.0 - Selected country series (annual percent change, 2003–12 through 2026 as presented): - Angola: 8.2 5.0 4.8 0.9 –2.6 –0.2 –2.0 –0.6 –4.0 0.4 2.4 3.7 - Benin: 3.7 7.2 6.4 1.8 3.3 5.7 6.7 6.9 2.0 5.0 6.0 6.4 - Botswana: 4.5 11.3 4.1 –1.7 4.3 2.9 4.5 3.0 –8.3 7.5 5.4 3.9 - Ethiopia: 9.7 9.9 10.3 10.4 8.0 10.2 7.7 9.0 6.1 2.0 8.7 8.0 - Nigeria: 7.7 5.4 6.3 2.7 –1.6 0.8 1.9 2.2 –1.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 - South Africa: 3.4 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.8 0.2 –7.0 3.1 2.0 1.3 - Tanzania: 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.2 6.9 6.8 7.0 7.0 1.0 2.7 4.6 5.5 - Zimbabwe: 1 –0.3 2.0 2.4 1.8 0.7 4.7 3.5 –7.4 –8.0 3.1 4.0 2.5 - Note included in table: “1 See country-specific notes for India, Lebanon, Libya, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Zimbabwe in the ‘Country Notes’ section of the Statistical Appendix.” ### Summary of Inflation — GDP Deflators and Consumer Prices (aggregates) - GDP Deflators — Advanced Economies: 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 - Consumer Prices — Advanced Economies (annual averages): 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 - Consumer Prices — Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual averages): 6.4 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.4 3.8 - Regional Consumer Price averages (annual averages, selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 4.8 4.6 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.7 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.8 5.5 6.5 10.6 5.5 5.6 6.4 6.6 5.4 6.5 5.4 5.4 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 5.4 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.5 6.3 6.6 7.7 6.4 7.2 6.6 4.0 - Middle East and Central Asia: 7.9 8.3 6.4 5.5 5.7 6.9 9.5 7.4 10.2 11.2 8.1 6.4 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 9.2 6.5 6.3 6.8 10.4 10.7 8.4 8.5 10.8 9.8 7.8 6.0 ### Consumer Prices — Advanced Economies (end of period / averages as shown) - Advanced Economies (annual averages / end-of-period notes): 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 - United States (annual averages / end-of-period): 2.5 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 - Euro Area (based on Eurostat’s harmonized index of consumer prices): 2.1 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 - Japan: –0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 –0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.7 1.0 ### Consumer Prices — Emerging Market and Developing Economies (end of period / country-level highlights) - Emerging and Developing Asia (end of period series example): 4.8 4.6 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.7 - Selected countries (end-of-period / annual percent change): - China: 3.0 2.6 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.9 2.4 1.2 1.9 –0.3 2.3 1.9 - India: 7.6 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.4 4.8 6.2 4.9 4.1 4.0 4.9 4.8 3.9 - Indonesia: 7.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 3.5 3.8 3.3 2.8 2.0 2.0 3.1 2.9 1.7 2.8 1.2 - Emerging and Developing Europe — selected: - Russia: 10.2 6.8 7.8 15.5 7.0 3.7 2.9 4.5 3.4 4.5 3.4 4.0 4.9 3.7 3.5 - Turkey: 10.0 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1 16.3 15.2 12.3 13.6 11.8 11.0 14.6 12.5 11.5 - Ukraine: 10.7 –0.3 12.1 48.7 13.9 14.4 10.9 7.9 2.7 7.9 6.8 5.0 5.0 7.2 6.0 - Latin America and the Caribbean — selected: - Brazil: 6.3 6.2 6.3 9.0 8.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.2 4.6 4.0 3.3 4.5 4.5 3.5 - Venezuela (country note applies): 23.3 40.6 62.2 122 225 543 865,374 19,906 2,355 5,500 5,500 . . . 2,960 5,500 5,500 - Middle East and Central Asia — selected: - Iran: 17.0 34.7 15.6 11.9 9.1 9.6 30.2 34.6 36.5 39.0 27.5 25.0 48.0 30.0 25.0 - Pakistan: 9.8 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.1 3.9 6.7 10.7 8.7 8.0 6.5 8.6 10.0 7.9 - Sudan (note references in table): 13.6 36.5 36.9 16.9 17.8 32.4 63.3 51.0 163.3 197.1 44.5 10.4 269.3 119.6 28.8 - Sub-Saharan Africa — selected (annual averages / end-of-period mixes presented across table): - Nigeria (consumer prices annual averages): 12.1 8.5 8.0 9.0 15.7 16.5 12.1 11.4 13.2 16.0 13.5 10.5 15.8 14.5 12.6 - South Africa: 5.5 5.8 6.1 4.6 6.3 5.3 4.6 4.1 3.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 3.2 4.9 4.5 - Zimbabwe (see country-specific notes): 3.9 1.6 –0.2 –2.4 –1.6 0.9 10.6 255.3 557.3 99.3 24.7 3.3 348.6 49.4 22.0 ### Notes and data conventions included in the tables - Movements in consumer prices are shown as annual averages; end-of-period series use monthly year-over-year changes and, for several countries, on a quarterly basis. - Country-specific notes apply for Argentina, Venezuela, India, Lebanon, Libya, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zimbabwe, and others as indicated in the Statistical Appendix. - Data caveats: exclusions for Syria (2011 onward) and special handling for South Sudan, Timor-Leste, and other jurisdictions as flagged in the tables. *International Monetary Fund — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: MANAGING DIVERGENT RECOVERIES (Statistical Appendix tables excerpt)* ### Section 3 ### tablea - Section 3 ### Major Advanced Economies — General government fiscal balances and debt - Major Advanced Economies (percent of GDP, series shown in source) - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.4–4.3–3.6–3.0–3.3–3.3–3.4–3.7–13.2–11.9–5.0–3.3 - Output Gap (percent of potential GDP): –2.0–3.5–2.8–1.8–1.5–0.60.20.3–3.4–1.00.40.2 - Structural Balance: –4.4–3.2–2.6–2.4–2.9–3.1–3.4–3.9–8.9–9.6–5.1–3.5 - United States - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.6–4.6–4.1–3.5–4.3–4.6–5.4–5.7–15.8–15.0–6.1–4.7 - Output Gap: –3.5–5.4–4.1–2.3–1.9–1.00.41.0–3.10.61.40.5 - Structural Balance: –4.6–3.0–2.6–2.6–3.7–4.3–5.4–6.1–11.7–12.9–6.8–5.1 - Net Debt: 56.780.781.280.781.781.481.783.0103.2109.0109.5115.3 - Gross Debt: 77.8104.8104.6104.7106.6105.6106.6108.2127.1132.8132.1134.5 - Euro Area - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3–3.0–2.5–2.0–1.5–0.9–0.5–0.6–7.6–6.7–3.3–1.6 - Output Gap: –0.2–3.1–2.8–2.2–1.5–0.40.10.1–4.3–3.1–1.00.0 - Structural Balance: –3.2–1.1–0.7–0.6–0.6–0.5–0.5–0.5–4.0–4.6–2.6–1.5 - Net Debt: 60.675.675.874.774.272.170.469.280.882.881.878.6 - Gross Debt: 75.892.692.890.990.187.785.884.096.998.296.591.9 - Germany - Net Lending/Borrowing: –2.00.00.61.01.21.41.81.5–4.2–5.5–0.40.6 - Output Gap: –0.2–0.8–0.3–0.30.21.01.20.4–3.0–2.0–0.30.0 - Structural Balance: –1.70.61.21.21.21.21.31.3–2.6–4.0–0.30.6 - Net Debt: 56.858.755.152.549.645.843.041.450.052.550.442.2 - Gross Debt: 70.878.775.672.369.365.161.859.668.970.367.357.1 - France - Net Lending/Borrowing: –4.4–4.1–3.9–3.6–3.6–2.9–2.3–3.0–9.9–7.2–4.4–3.5 - Output Gap: –0.3–1.8–2.0–2.1–2.2–1.2–0.40.0–4.6–2.9–0.50.0 - Structural Balance: –4.2–2.9–2.7–2.3–2.1–2.1–1.8–2.0–3.6–5.2–4.0–3.5 - Net Debt: 64.683.085.586.389.289.489.389.3104.3106.1105.1107.7 - Gross Debt: 74.293.494.995.698.098.398.098.1113.5115.2114.3116.9 - Italy - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.4–2.9–3.0–2.6–2.4–2.4–2.2–1.6–9.5–8.8–5.5–1.8 - Output Gap: –0.3–4.1–4.1–3.4–2.5–1.3–0.8–0.9–5.7–5.8–2.4–0.5 - Structural Balance: –3.7–0.5–1.0–0.6–1.3–1.7–1.9–1.1–5.1–5.2–4.1–1.5 - Net Debt: 102.1119.2121.4122.2121.6121.3121.8122.1142.0144.2143.1139.7 - Gross Debt (fragmented in source): 111.6132.5135.4 135.3134.8134.1134.4134.6155.6157.1155.5151.0 - Japan - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.8–7.9–5.9–3.9–3.8–3.3–2.7–3.1–12.6–9.4–3.8–2.4 - Output Gap: –1.4–1.9–2.3–1.5–1.5–0.5–0.9–1.5–2.7–1.5–0.20.0 - Structural Balance: –6.3–7.4–5.6–4.4–4.3–3.5–2.7–2.6–11.3–8.5–3.6–2.4 - Net Debt: 110.4142.9145.1144.6149.6148.1151.2150.4169.2172.3171.0172.6 - Gross Debt (nonconsolidated basis): 188.1229.6233.5228.4232.5231.4232.5234.9256.2256.5253.6254.7 - United Kingdom - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.4–5.5–5.5–4.5–3.3–2.4–2.2–2.3–13.4–11.8–6.2–3.3 - Output Gap: 0.3–1.6–0.50.00.00.20.00.1–4.4–3.1–1.50.0 - Structural Balance: –5.6–4.2–4.9–4.4–3.3–2.5–2.3–2.30.5–5.0–4.8–3.2 - Net Debt: 48.875.977.978.277.876.875.975.393.897.299.2103.1 - Gross Debt: 54.584.286.186.786.886.385.885.2103.7107.1109.1113.0 - Canada - Net Lending/Borrowing: –0.8–1.50.2–0.1–0.5–0.10.30.5–10.7–7.8–3.90.2 - Output Gap: –0.10.01.0–0.1–0.90.40.60.4–3.4–1.50.60.0 - Structural Balance: –0.8–1.5–0.60.00.1–0.30.00.3–7.8–6.7–4.20.2 - Net Debt (includes equity shares): 27.229.728.528.428.726.025.623.433.037.036.626.9 - Gross Debt: 75.186.185.691.291.788.888.886.8117.8116.3112.898.1 Note: The methodology and specific assumptions for each country are discussed in Box A1. Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries. Gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for countries that have adopted the System of National Accounts 2008 (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans. Percent of potential GDP, and other footnotes appear in the source table. ### World trade volumes and prices — summary (Table A9) - Trade in Goods and Services — World Trade (annual percent change, selected series) - Volume (World Trade): 5.62.83.63.82.92.35.63.90.9–8.58.46.5 - Price Deflator in US Dollars: 5.1–0.8–0.6–1.8–13.3–4.14.35.5–2.6–2.27.60.4 - Price Deflator in SDRs: 3.3–0.30.1–1.7–5.9–3.44.63.3–0.2–2.93.6–0.4 - Volume of Trade — Exports (selected groups) - Advanced Economies: 4.52.63.13.83.72.04.83.61.3–9.57.96.4 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.33.14.63.31.92.86.53.90.5–5.77.66.0 - World Trade Prices in US Dollars (selected series) - Manufactures: 3.1–0.9–2.8–0.4–2.9–5.10.12.00.4–3.12.00.7 - Oil: 15.5–6.3–0.9–7.5–47.2–15.723.329.4–10.2–32.741.7–6.3 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 10.3–0.3–5.8–5.5–17.1–0.46.41.30.86.716.1–1.9 - Food: 6.8–0.7–0.3–1.6–16.91.53.8–1.2–3.11.713.9–2.0 - Trade in Goods — Volume of Trade (Exports, regional) - Advanced Economies: 4.52.72.63.13.11.64.83.10.8–6.39.45.6 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.13.14.52.71.42.76.53.9–0.3–2.67.65.1 - Price Deflators in SDRs — Exports (selected) - Advanced Economies: 2.4–0.40.4–1.9–6.4–2.24.32.8–1.5–2.23.60.0 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.2–1.1–1.1–3.1–9.0–7.17.05.00.2–4.85.0–1.5 - Memorandum - World Exports in Billions of US Dollars — Goods and Services: 16,45223,66923,37323,79821,13020,74722,86425,04824,61222,06225,63627,421 - Average Oil Price (percent change; in US Dollars a Barrel): 15.5–6.3–0.9–7.5–47.2–15.723.329.4–10.2–32.741.7–6.3 ; In US Dollars a Barrel series: 70.2263.11104.0796.2550.7942.8452.8168.3361.3941.2958.5254.83 Notes: Definitions and index representations are as in the source (export unit value index for manufactures of advanced economies; average of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices; world market prices for nonfuel primary commodities weighted by 2014–16 shares). ### Current account balances — summary (Table A10 and Table A11) - Current account balances (Billions of US dollars, selected series) - Advanced Economies: 241.9240.2285.7375.3480.2389.5342.1175.8124.3262.6521.1 - United States: –336.9–367.8–407.4–394.9–365.3–449.7–480.2–646.4–876.4–733.8–550.9 - Euro Area: 278.8316.5315.1364.8393.7393.5306.7293.3401.3424.6486.5 - Japan: 45.936.8136.4197.9203.5176.9188.1165.8195.0181.0212.0 - United Kingdom: –136.2–149.6–147.4–146.9–100.4–105.3–87.6–106.5–121.5–133.5–142.3 - Other Advanced Economies (excludes G7 and euro area countries): 343.6355.1356.8336.3333.1334.9351.9397.9460.2464.8465.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 161.2168.7–58.8–85.3–10.2–55.052.2196.2206.4101.3–217.2 - Current account balances (Percent of GDP, selected series from projections) - Advanced Economies: 0.50.50.60.81.00.80.70.30.20.40.8 - United States: –2.0–2.1–2.2–2.1–1.9–2.2–2.2–3.1–3.9–3.1–2.0 - Euro Area: 2.12.32.73.03.12.92.32.32.82.72.7 - Germany: 6.67.28.68.57.87.47.17.17.67.06.8 - Japan: 0.90.83.14.04.13.53.73.33.63.23.2 - United Kingdom: –4.9–4.9–5.0–5.4–3.8–3.7–3.1–3.9–3.9–4.0–3.5 - Canada: –3.1–2.3–3.5–3.1–2.8–2.3–2.1–1.9–0.8–1.3–1.9 - Current account balances (Percent of GDP, further country-level highlights from Table A11) - Italy: 1.11.91.42.62.62.53.03.63.53.43.3 - Spain: 2.01.72.03.22.81.92.10.71.01.91.6 - Korea: 5.65.67.26.54.64.53.64.64.24.04.3 - Switzerland: 11.48.110.39.07.26.76.73.86.77.57.5 - Singapore: 15.718.018.717.617.315.414.317.614.614.413.5 - Current account balances (Percent of exports of goods and services — selected memoranda) - World (percent of exports): 0.50.50.30.40.60.40.50.40.40.40.0.2 (as presented in source) - European Union: 2.82.93.33.43.43.12.93.13.23.13.0 *Source: tablea - Section 3 (tables and series as provided in the source PDF).* ### Section 4 ### tablea - Section 4 ### Current Account Balance: Regional Aggregates (Percent of GDP) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 0.7 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 –0.3 0.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.0 - Emerging and Developing Europe: –1.3 –0.3 1.0 –0.2 –0.5 1.7 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.4 –0.3 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –2.9 –3.1 –3.3 –2.0 –1.6 –2.5 –1.7 0.2 0.0 –0.4 –1.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 8.6 5.1 –3.9 –4.2 –1.1 2.7 0.5 –3.0 0.3 0.1 –0.7 - Sub-Saharan Africa: –2.2 –3.5 –5.7 –3.8 –2.3 –2.6 –3.7 –3.7 –3.7 –3.7 –2.8 ### Current Account Balance: Selected Country Series (Percent of GDP) - China: 1.5 2.2 2.7 1.8 1.6 0.2 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 - India: –1.7 –1.3 –1.0 –0.6 –1.8 –2.1 –0.9 1.0 –1.2 –1.6 –2.5 - Indonesia: –3.2 –3.1 –2.0 –1.8 –1.6 –2.9 –2.7 –0.4 –1.3 –1.4 –1.6 - Russia: 1.5 2.8 5.0 1.9 2.0 7.0 3.8 2.2 3.9 3.3 2.1 - Brazil: –3.2 –4.1 –3.0 –1.3 –0.7 –2.2 –2.7 –0.9 –0.6 –0.8 –1.7 - Saudi Arabia: 18.1 9.8 –8.7 –3.7 1.5 9.2 4.8 –2.1 2.8 1.9 –1.3 - South Africa: –5.8 –5.1 –4.6 –2.9 –2.5 –3.5 –3.0 2.2 –0.4 –1.5 –2.8 ### Financial Account Balances: Aggregate Summaries (Billions of US dollars) - Advanced Economies — Financial Account Balance: 249.5 300.3 345.2 423.6 462.0 325.0 319.8 –2.8 136.3 286.4 - Direct Investment, Net: 175.5 241.8 1.0 –3 19.0 331.2 –128.2 –75.9 40.5 29.8 79.9 - Portfolio Investment, Net: –553.8 57.8 193.3 483.7 17.6 431.0 220.3 67.5 –209.9 –107.0 - Other Investment, Net: 400.1 –141.3 10.8 45.6 –152.0 –159.5 78.9 –494.0 144.1 150.3 - Change in Reserves: 153.2 140.0 226.6 178.5 244.5 127.6 66.2 303.5 129.9 124.6 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Financial Account Balance: –26.7 13.5 –306.0 –406.5 –245.8 –225.5 –158.3 145.6 266.9 146.6 - Direct Investment, Net: –484.0 –428.5 –346.4 –258.7 –312.3 –374.9 –359.5 –342.5 –402.4 –440.8 - Portfolio Investment, Net: –148.3 –88.4 129.5 –54.9 –206.4 –95.4 –67.6 –28.0 –110.0 –157.5 - Other Investment, Net: 62.8 405.5 469.3 383.1 102.3 121.3 94.6 418.5 214.5 217.6 - Change in Reserves: 542.3 112.4 –565.0 –469.4 166.4 119.4 171.1 85.4 546.4 503.5 ### Financial Account Balances: Regional Groupings (Billions of US dollars) - Emerging and Developing Asia — Financial Account Balance: 27.8 153.5 69.9 –28.1 –55.9 –259.1 –81.6 261.8 237.4 177.4 - Change in Reserves: 445.5 196.4 –331.5 –382.4 200.1 24.9 100.2 180.4 445.6 407.7 - Emerging and Developing Europe — Financial Account Balance: –66.6 –29.1 65.5 3.9 –19.2 99.3 63.4 16.4 50.1 43.3 - Change in Reserves: –7.6 –122.7 –7.9 35.6 16.2 47.6 93.4 –4.4 53.2 51.3 - Latin America and the Caribbean — Financial Account Balance: –197.4 –192.7 –191.3 –103.9 –101.7 –149.7 –106.7 1.7 1.1 –19.9 - Change in Reserves: 12.5 39.8 –28.6 21.0 17.1 13.7 –32.3 11.1 28.9 22.6 - Middle East and Central Asia — Financial Account Balance: 263.7 159.9 –184.2 –217.7 –32.5 110.3 19.0 –96.4 29.2 7.0 - Change in Reserves: 89.5 6.9 –182.4 –134.3 –80.6 30.0 2.5 –84.7 18.3 22.5 - Sub-Saharan Africa — Financial Account Balance: –54.2 –78.2 –65.9 –60.7 –36.5 –26.2 –52.5 –37.9 –50.9 –61.2 - Change in Reserves: 2.4 –7.9 –14.6 –9.3 13.6 3.2 7.3 –17.0 0.5 –0.7 *Source: Table A12 and Table A13, "Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Current Account Balance" and "Summary of Financial Account Balances" (percent of GDP and billions of US dollars) from the provided section.* ### Section 5 ### tablea - Section 5 ### Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars) - Other Investment, Net: 17.6, –0.4, –21.1, –28.5, 9.7, –2.0, 1.2, 4.5, –5.2, –12.6 - Change in Reserves: –0.1, –6.5, –0.1, 4.5, 4.1, 7.2, –6.3, –12.9, 8.6, 4.8 - World Financial Account Balance: 222.9, 313.8, 39.2, 17.1, 216.2, 99.5, 161.5, 142.9, 403.2, 433.0 Note: Estimates based on national accounts and balance of payments statistics; group composites are sums of US dollar values for relevant individual countries. ### Summary of Net Lending and Borrowing (Percent of GDP) — Major Groups and Countries - World (Memorandum) - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.3, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 - Current Account Balance: 0.2, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3 - Savings: 24.7, 25.5, 26.4, 25.9, 26.5, 26.8, 26.8, 26.7, 27.0, 27.1, 27.3 - Investment: 24.5, 25.1, 25.9, 25.4, 25.9, 26.5, 26.4, 26.3, 26.7, 26.8, 27.1 - Capital Account Balance: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0 - Advanced Economies (Averages and Projections) - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.6, –0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 0.7, 0.6, 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 - Current Account Balance: –0.6, –0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, 0.3, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 - Savings: 21.8, 21.6, 22.9, 22.6, 23.2, 23.1, 22.9, 22.3, 22.6, 22.8, 23.1 - Investment: 22.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.6, 22.0, 22.3, 22.3, 22.0, 22.4, 22.4, 22.5 - Capital Account Balance: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, –0.1, –0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 - United States - Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.3, –3.2, –2.3, –2.1, –1.8, –2.2, –2.3, –3.1, –3.9, –3.1, –2.2 - Current Account Balance: –4.2, –3.1, –2.2, –2.1, –1.9, –2.2, –2.2, –3.1, –3.9, –3.1, –2.2 - Savings: 17.0, 17.1, 20.1, 18.7, 19.2, 19.1, 18.6, 17.8, 17.5, 18.1, 18.9 - Investment: 21.1, 20.1, 21.2, 20.4, 20.5, 21.0, 21.0, 21.0, 21.6, 21.4, 21.3 - Capital Account Balance: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 - Euro Area - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.0, 0.4, 2.9, 3.1, 2.9, 2.6, 2.1, 2.3, . , . , . - Current Account Balance: –0.1, 0.3, 2.7, 3.0, 3.1, 2.9, 2.3, 2.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.8 - Savings: 22.7, 22.6, 23.8, 24.3, 24.9, 25.2, 25.3, 24.4, 24.9, 25.2, 25.7 - Investment: 22.0, 21.3, 20.4, 20.7, 21.3, 21.8, 22.3, 21.4, 21.7, 22.0, 22.5 - Capital Account Balance: 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.0, –0.2, –0.3, –0.2, 0.0, . , . , . - Selected Advanced Economies (highlights) - Germany Net Lending and Borrowing: 5.4, 6.4, 8.6, 8.6, 7.7, 7.4, 7.1, 7.0, 7.6, 7.0, 6.9 - Japan Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.0, 2.3, 3.0, 3.8, 4.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.3, 3.6, 3.1, 3.2 - United Kingdom Net Lending and Borrowing: –2.8, –3.6, –5.1, –5.5, –3.8, –3.8, –3.1, –4.0, –4.0, –4.1, –3.7 - Canada Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.5, –2.1, –3.5, –3.1, –2.8, –2.3, –2.1, –1.9, –0.8, –1.3, –1.8 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Averages and Projections) - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.6, 1.7, 0.0, –0.2, 0.0, –0.1, 0.2, 0.7, 0.7, 0.4, –0.1 - Current Account Balance: 2.5, 1.6, –0.2, –0.3, 0.0, –0.2, 0.1, 0.6, 0.5, 0.2, –0.2 - Savings: 31.6, 32.7, 31.6, 31.2, 31.7, 32.5, 32.5, 33.2, 33.6, 33.3, 32.8 - Investment: 29.4, 31.4, 32.3, 31.6, 32.0, 32.9, 32.6, 32.9, 33.2, 33.4, 33.3 - Capital Account Balance: 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 - Regional Groups (selected) - Emerging and Developing Asia Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.5, 2.8, 2.0, 1.4, 1.0, –0.3, 0.6, 1.7, 1.0, 0.7, 0.3 - Latin America and the Caribbean Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.2, –1.6, –3.2, –2.0, –1.6, –2.4, –1.7, 0.2, 0.0, –0.4, –1.1 - Sub-Saharan Africa Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.7, –0.4, –5.3, –3.4, –1.9, –2.2, –3.3, –3.3, –3.2, –3.2, –2.7 - Analytical Groups - Fuel exporters Net Lending and Borrowing: 11.8, 10.2, –3.8, –2.9, 1.1, 5.2, 2.0, –2.7, 1.4, 1.1, 0.4 - Nonfuel exporters Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.1, –0.0, –0.7, –0.0, 1.1, 0.6, 0.3, –0.1 - Net Debtor Economies Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.1, –2.0, –2.0, –1.5, –1.5, –2.0, –1.3, –0.3, –1.0, –1.2, –1.4 - Net Debtor Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2015–19 - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.9, –3.9, –5.4, –6.2, –5.5, –5.3, –5.0, –3.1, –4.6, –4.7, –3.3 - Current Account Balance: –2.8, –4.7, –5.9, –6.5, –6.0, –5.7, –5.2, –3.5, –4.9, –5.0, –3.6 - Savings: 19.4, 17.3, 12.6, 12.1, 13.3, 14.2, 13.5, 11.5, 12.4, 12.7, 15.0 - Investment: 22.4, 22.1, 19.0, 19.3, 19.8, 20.1, 19.2, 15.4, 18.0, 18.4, 18.9 - Capital Account Balance: 0.9, 0.8, 0.5, 0.3, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3 Note: Composites are sums of US dollar values; methodology differs from April 2005 and earlier WEO issues. Accounting identities: S − I = CAB; NLB = CAB + KAB. ### Summary of World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Annual Percent Change / Percent / Percent of GDP) - World Real GDP: 4.2, 3.1, 2.8, –3.3, 6.0, 4.4, 2.4, 3.4 - Advanced Economies Real GDP: 1.7, 1.8, 1.6, –4.7, 5.1, 3.6, 1.4, 1.6 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies Real GDP: 6.6, 4.1, 3.6, –2.2, 6.7, 5.0, 3.2, 4.6 Memorandum - Potential Output, Major Advanced Economies: 1.7, 1.2, 1.4, –1.4, 2.8, 2.2, 1.2, 1.4 - World Trade, Volume (goods and services): 5.6, 2.8, 0.9, –8.5, 8.4, 6.5, 1.6, 3.8 Selected components of trade and prices - Imports Advanced Economies: 3.9, 2.9, 1.7, –9.1, 9.1, 6.4, 1.8, 3.2 - Imports Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.8, 2.8, –1.0, –8.6, 9.0, 7.4, 1.5, 4.8 - Exports Advanced Economies: 4.5, 2.6, 1.3, –9.5, 7.9, 6.4, 1.3, 3.3 - Exports Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.3, 3.1, 0.5, –5.7, 7.6, 6.0, 2.0, 4.6 - Terms of Trade Advanced Economies: –0.4, 0.5, 0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 0.6, 0.4, 0.1 - Terms of Trade Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 1.6, –0.6, –1.2, –1.3, 0.6, 0.2, –0.4, –0.6 World prices in US dollars - Manufactures: 3.1, –0.9, 0.4, –3.1, 2.0, 0.7, 0.0, 1.7 - Oil: 15.5, –6.3, –10.2, –32.7, 41.7, –6.3, –5.4, –2.0 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 10.3, –0.3, 0.8, 6.7, 16.1, –1.9, 5.2, 0.1 Consumer prices - Advanced Economies: 2.0, 1.3, 1.4, 0.7, 1.6, 1.7, 1.3, 1.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.4, 4.8, 5.1, 5.1, 4.9, 4.4, 4.9, 3.9 Interest rates - Real Six-Month LIBOR: 0.2, –0.7, 0.5, –0.5, –1.5, –1.4, –0.7, –1.1 - World Real Long-Term Interest Rate: 1.4, 0.1, –0.2, –0.3, –0.8, –0.7, –0.5, –0.4 Current account balances (percent of GDP) - Advanced Economies: –0.6, 0.6, 0.7, 0.3, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.7 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.6, 0.5, 0.2, 0.4, –0.2 External debt and debt service (Emerging Market and Developing Economies) - Total External Debt: 28.3, 30.7, 30.5, 32.6, 31.5, 30.9, 31.4, 29.9 (percent of GDP) - Debt Service: 9.2, 11.0, 11.0, 11.4, 11.0, 10.8, 11.0, 10.7 (percent of exports of goods and services and primary income) *International Monetary Fund | April 2021 — Table A (Section 5) from the World Economic Outlook Statistical Appendix* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2021/april/english/tablea.pdf_