## statapp-tables-a

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### Summary of World Output (Table A1)
- World (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –3.1
  - 2021: 6.1
  - 2022: 3.6
  - 2023: 3.6
  - 2027: 3.3
- Advanced Economies (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2027: 1.6
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –2.0
  - 2021: 6.8
  - 2022: 3.8
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2027: 4.3
- Output per Capita (international dollars at PPP, annual percent change):
  - Advanced Economies: 2020: –5.0; 2021: 5.0; 2022: 3.0; 2023: 2.1; 2027: 1.3
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2020: –3.3; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 2.7; 2023: 3.3; 2027: 3.2
- Value of World Output:
  - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 2021: 96,293; 2022: 103,867; 2023: 110,751; 2027: 136,384
  - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 2021: 146,124; 2022: 160,244; 2023: 170,830; 2027: 211,530

### Advanced Economies — Real GDP, Demand, and Components (Tables A2, A3)
- Real GDP (Q4 over Q4 and annual percent change, Advanced Economies):
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2027: 1.6
- Selected country Real GDP:
  - United States: 2020: –3.4; 2021: 5.7; 2022: 3.7; 2023: 2.3; 2027: 1.7
  - Euro Area: 2020: –6.4; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 2.8; 2023: 2.3; 2027: 1.3
- Real Total Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies):
  - 2020: –4.4
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.5
  - 2023: 2.3
  - 2027: 2.1
- Components of Real GDP (Advanced Economies, annual percent change):
  - Private Consumer Expenditure: 2020: –5.8; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 3.8; 2023: 2.4
  - Public Consumption: 2020: 1.8; 2021: 3.3; 2022: 1.3; 2023: 1.2
  - Gross Fixed Capital Formation: 2020: –3.7; 2021: 5.4; 2022: 3.6; 2023: 3.8
  - Final Domestic Demand: 2020: –4.0; 2021: 5.0; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 2.4
- Additional decomposition (changes as percent of GDP in the preceding period, Advanced Economies):
  - Stock Building: 2020: –0.4; 2021: 0.3; 2022: 0.3; 2023: –0.1
  - Foreign Balance: 2020: –0.1; 2021: –0.3; 2022: –0.1; 2023: –0.1

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Table A4)
- Regional aggregates (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2020: –0.8; 2021: 7.3; 2022: 5.4; 2023: 5.6; 2027: 5.2
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2020: –1.8; 2021: 6.7; 2022: –2.9; 2023: 1.3; 2027: 2.4
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2020: 0.1; 2021: 6.8; 2022: 2.5; 2023: 2.5; 2027: 2.4
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 2020: 2.2; 2021: –2.9; 2022: 5.7; 2023: 4.6; 2027: 3.7
- Selected country projections (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - China: 2020: 2.2; 2021: 8.1; 2022: 4.4; 2023: 5.1; 2027: 4.8
  - India: 2020: –6.6; 2021: 8.9; 2022: 8.2; 2023: 6.9; 2027: 6.2
  - Bangladesh: 2020: 3.5; 2021: 8.2; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 5.0; 2027: 6.4
  - Indonesia: 2020: –2.1; 2021: 3.7; 2022: 5.4; 2023: 6.0; 2027: 5.2
  - Brazil: 2020: –3.9; 2021: 4.6; 2022: 0.8; 2023: 1.4; 2027: 2.0
  - Russia: 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.7; 2022: –8.5; 2023: –2.3; 2027: 0.7
  - Ukraine: 2020: 3.2; 2021: –3.8; 2022: 3.4; 2023: –35.0
- Notable country-level volatility and outliers are recorded across the dataset (examples include Guyana, Libya, Maldives, and others in full tables).

### Inflation and Prices (selected aggregates, Tables A4–A7 excerpt)
- GDP Deflators, Advanced Economies (series provided): 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.9 4.4 2.4 1.8
- Consumer Prices, Advanced Economies (annual averages): 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 3.1 5.7 2.5 1.9
- Consumer Prices, Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual averages): 6.3 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.9 8.7 6.5 4.1
- Regional consumer price end-of-period sequences (selected):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.0 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.2 3.5 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.7 2.5
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.1 6.5 10.6 5.5 5.6 6.4 6.6 5.3 9.5 27.1 18.1 6.8 15.0 26.0 14.7
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.5 6.3 6.6 7.7 6.4 9.8 11.2 8.0 5.0 11.6 10.0 7.1
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 8.4 6.5 5.6 5.7 6.9 9.8 7.8 10.6 13.2 12.8 10.5 6.9 13.0 12.5 9.0
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.6 6.4 6.7 10.3 10.6 8.3 8.1 10.2 11.0 12.2 9.6 6.7 11.5 11.6 8.9
- Selected country consumer price examples (end-of-period / annual averages as presented):
  - India: 8.2 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 6.1 4.8 4.0 6.1 5.7 4.5
  - China: 3.1 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.9 2.4 0.9 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.4
  - Russia: 9.5 7.8 15.5 7.0 3.7 2.9 4.5 3.4 6.7 21.3 14.3 4.3 8.4 24.0 12.0
  - Turkey: 8.3 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1 16.3 15.2 12.3 19.6 60.5 37.2 15.0 36.1 52.4 29.7
  - Venezuela (highly volatile series shown as provided): 24.1 62.2 121.7 254.9 438.1 65,374.1 19,906.0 2,355.1 1,588.5 500.0 500.0 . . . 686.4 500.0 500.0

### Major Advanced Economies: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt (selected series)
- Major Advanced Economies (averages and projections)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.3, –3.6, –3.0, –3.3, –3.2, –3.4, –3.8, –11.9, –8.4, –4.9, –3.3, –3.6
  - Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –2.2, –2.8, –2.0, –1.7, –0.8, –0.1, 0.2, –3.4, –0.9, 0.4, 0.6, 0.0
  - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.2, –2.5, –2.2, –2.7, –2.9, –3.3, –3.9, –8.0, –6.5, –5.0, –3.6, –3.5
- United States (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.5, –4.0, –3.5, –4.3, –4.6, –5.4, –5.7, –14.5, –10.2, –4.8, –4.0, –5.2
  - Output Gap: –3.7, –4.0, –2.5, –2.1, –1.3, 0.0, 0.7, –3.3, 0.3, 1.6, 1.5, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –4.5, –2.7, –2.5, –3.5, –4.2, –5.2, –6.1, –10.4, –8.0, –5.3, –4.6, –5.1
  - Net Debt: 60.6, 81.1, 80.9, 81.9, 80.3, 81.2, 83.0, 98.7, 101.3, 95.8, 94.9, 105.6
  - Gross Debt: 82.3, 104.6, 105.1, 107.2, 106.2, 107.5, 108.8, 134.2, 132.6, 125.6, 123.7, 127.4
- Euro Area (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3, –2.5, –2.0, –1.5, –0.9, –0.4, –0.6, –7.2, –5.5, –4.3, –2.5, –1.7
  - Output Gap: –0.4, –2.9, –2.3, –1.6, –0.6, –0.1, 0.1, –4.3, –2.4, –1.0, –0.4, 0.1
  - Structural Balance: –3.0, –0.7, –0.6, –0.5, –0.5, –0.3, –0.5, –4.5, –4.0, –3.5, –2.3, –1.7
  - Net Debt: 62.8, 76.1, 75.0, 74.5, 72.4, 70.6, 69.1, 79.6, 79.2, 79.2, 78.1, 75.1
  - Gross Debt: 78.1, 92.7, 90.8, 90.0, 87.5, 85.5, 83.5, 97.3, 96.0, 95.2, 93.4, 88.9
- Selected major country highlights (Net Lending/Borrowing, Output Gap, Structural Balance, Net Debt, Gross Debt shown as provided):
  - Germany — Net Lending/Borrowing: –1.7, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.9, 1.5, –4.3, –3.7, –3.3, –0.7, 0.4; Net Debt: 57.5, 54.9, 52.2, 49.3, 45.4, 42.6, 40.5, 46.3, 49.0, 51.1, 49.0, 42.2; Gross Debt: 72.3, 75.3, 72.0, 69.0, 64.7, 61.3, 58.9, 68.7, 70.2, 70.9, 67.7, 58.7
  - France — Net Lending/Borrowing: –4.4, –3.9, –3.6, –3.6, –3.0, –2.3, –3.1, –9.1, –7.0, –5.6, –3.8, –3.3; Net Debt: 67.4, 85.5, 86.3, 89.2, 89.4, 89.2, 88.8, 102.6, 99.8, 100.1, 100.4, 101.4; Gross Debt: 77.1, 94.9, 95.6, 98.0, 98.1, 97.8, 97.4, 115.2, 112.3, 112.6, 112.9, 114.0
  - Italy — Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.4, –3.0, –2.6, –2.4, –2.4, –2.2, –1.5, –9.6, –7.2, –6.0, –3.9, –2.5; Net Debt: 104.3, 121.4, 122.2, 121.6, 121.3, 121.8, 121.7, 141.8, 138.3, 138.5, 137.1, 132.6; Gross Debt: 114.3, 135.4, 135.3, 134.8, 134.2, 134.4, 134.1, 155.3, 150.9, 150.6, 148.7, 142.9
  - Japan — Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.3, –5.6, –3.7, –3.6, –3.1, –2.5, –3.0, –9.0, –7.6, –7.8, –3.5, –2.8; Net Debt: 115.7, 145.1, 144.6, 149.6, 148.1, 151.1, 151.4, 162.4, 168.9, 172.1, 171.0, 174.5; Gross Debt (nonconsolidated basis): 195.1, 233.5, 228.4, 232.5, 231.4, 232.5, 236.1, 259.0, 263.1, 262.5, 258.3, 261.8
  - United Kingdom — Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.6, –5.5, –4.5, –3.3, –2.4, –2.2, –2.2, –12.8, –8.0, –4.3, –2.3, –1.0; Net Debt: 52.9, 77.3, 77.6, 76.9, 75.7, 74.8, 74.1, 90.2, 84.3, 76.1, 71.3, 59.2; Gross Debt: 59.1, 85.5, 86.0, 85.8, 85.1, 84.5, 83.9, 102.6, 95.3, 87.8, 82.7, 70.7
  - Canada — Net Lending/Borrowing: –1.0, 0.2, –0.1, –0.5, –0.1, 0.4, 0.0, –11.4, –4.7, –2.2, –0.8, –0.3; Net Debt (includes equity shares): 26.5, 28.5, 28.6, 28.5, 25.8, 25.7, 23.1, 33.6, 33.2, 31.2, 31.6, 27.6; Gross Debt: 76.1, 85.6, 91.2, 91.8, 88.9, 88.9, 87.2, 117.8, 112.1, 101.8, 98.5, 87.7
- Notes:
  - Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries.
  - Output Gap and Structural Balance are percent of potential GDP.
  - Certain national figures adjusted to exclude accrual-basis pension items.

### World Trade Volumes and Prices (Table A9 — selected series)
- World Trade (Volume, annual percent change): 5.4, 3.0, 3.8, 3.0, 2.3, 5.6, 4.0, 0.9, –7.9, 10.1, 5.0, 4.4
- Price Deflator (In US Dollars): 4.1, 0.5, –1.8, –13.3, –4.0, 4.3, 5.5, –2.4, –2.2, 12.6, 7.8, 0.6
- Price Deflator (In SDRs): 3.2, 1.2, –1.7, –5.9, –3.4, 4.6, 3.3, 0.0, –3.0, 10.1, 10.2, –0.5
- Volume of Trade — Exports:
  - Advanced Economies: 4.5, 2.8, 3.8, 3.8, 2.1, 4.9, 3.6, 1.3, –9.1, 8.6, 5.0, 4.7
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 7.4, 3.4, 3.4, 2.0, 2.8, 6.5, 4.1, 0.4, –4.8, 12.3, 4.1, 3.6
- Volume of Trade — Imports:
  - Advanced Economies: 3.7, 3.2, 3.9, 4.8, 2.5, 4.8, 3.8, 2.1, –8.7, 9.5, 6.1, 4.5
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.1, 2.8, 4.3, –0.6, 1.7, 7.5, 5.1, –1.1, –7.9, 11.8, 3.9, 4.8
- World Trade Prices in US Dollars (selected components, percent change):
  - Manufactures: 2.6, 0.8, –0.5, –3.0, –5.2, 0.1, 2.0, 0.5, –3.2, 6.8, 8.8, 2.9
  - Oil: 13.7, –1.2, –7.5, –47.2, –15.7, 23.3, 29.4, –10.2, –32.7, 67.3, 54.7, –13.3
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.4, 2.2, –5.5, –17.1, –0.4, 6.4, 1.3, 0.7, 6.8, 26.8, 11.4, –2.5
- Memorandum — World Exports (Billions of US Dollars, Goods and Services): 17,868; 25,194; 23,795; 21,127; 20,752; 22,882; 25,073; 24,652; 22,253; 27,635; 31,144; 32,625
- Average Oil Price in US Dollars a Barrel (selected values): 77.74, 68.22, 96.25, 50.79, 42.84, 52.81, 68.33, 61.39, 41.29, 69.07, 106.83, 92.63

### Current Account Balances (Table A10–A11 — selected series)
- Current account balances (Billions of US dollars, selected):
  - Advanced Economies: 225.4, 272.6, 367.7, 488.9, 401.2, 337.9, 207.8, 379.3, –65.0, 23.4, 435.8
  - United States: –370.0, –408.9, –397.6, –361.7, –438.2, –472.1, –616.1, –806.6, –877.8, –855.4, –636.7
  - Euro Area: 316.9, 313.5, 364.0, 402.1, 392.4, 306.7, 250.0, 345.2, 257.1, 344.1, 479.3
  - Germany: 280.3, 288.8, 295.1, 288.9, 316.3, 294.3, 272.5, 314.0, 249.8, 313.4, 369.3
  - Japan: 36.8, 136.4, 197.8, 203.5, 177.8, 176.0, 148.8, 141.7, 117.2, 142.2, 202.0
  - United Kingdom: –157.9, –152.7, –145.6, –98.1, –112.6, –76.8, –69.0, –82.5, –184.4, –178.1, –161.2
  - Canada: –41.9, –54.4, –47.2, –46.2, –41.0, –35.5, –29.4, 1.2, 24.6, –2.1, –51.0
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (billions): 160.0, –75.5, –99.2, –22.5, –52.2, 0.7, 160.1, 365.3, 682.3, 420.7, –112.3
  - World (memorandum, billions): 385.4, 197.1, 268.5, 466.4, 349.0, 338.6, 367.9, 744.6, 617.2, 444.1, 323.5
- Current account balances (percent of GDP, selected):
  - Advanced Economies (percent of GDP): 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.7, –0.1, 0.0, 0.6
  - United States (percent of GDP): –2.1, –2.2, –2.1, –1.9, –2.1, –2.2, –2.9, –3.5, –3.5, –3.2, –2.1
  - Euro Area (percent of GDP): 2.3, 2.7, 3.0, 3.2, 2.9, 2.3, 1.9, 2.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6
  - Germany (percent of GDP): 7.2, 8.6, 8.5, 7.8, 7.9, 7.6, 7.1, 7.4, 5.9, 6.9, 6.9
  - Japan (percent of GDP): 0.8, 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.5, 3.4, 3.0, 2.9, 2.4, 2.7, 3.2
  - United Kingdom (percent of GDP): –5.1, –5.2, –5.3, –3.6, –3.9, –2.7, –2.5, –2.6, –5.5, –4.8, –3.5

### Financial Account Balances (Table A13 — Billions of US dollars, selected groups)
- World (memorandum series, selected): Financial Account Balance: 320.5 35.2 24.4 194.6 192.8 94.3 172.7 608.0 710.5 556.7
- Advanced Economies: Financial Account Balance 305.5 335.6 432.1 462.0 435.2 225.8 108.9 374.7 –24.2 81.9
  - Direct Investment, Net: 244.0 2.7 –246.7 355.4 –53.3 37.5 113.4 412.5 39.8 2.8
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: 58.8 216.7 484.6 17.5 461.1 126.0 257.4 404.0 95.6 108.2
  - Other Investment, Net: –139.1 –24.5 –16.9 –177.9 –152.4 –32.5 –706.4 –1,104.4 –331.3 –216.1
  - Change in Reserves: 140.0 226.6 178.5 244.8 127.9 67.6 358.9 602.8 135.7 130.2
- United States: Financial Account Balance –297.1 –333.1 –363.6 –344.6 –348.4 –480.4 –653.0 –729.3 –879.5 –857.1
  - Direct Investment, Net: 135.7 –209.4 –174.6 28.6 –344.3 –180.0 100.4 12.3 –92.3 –99.2
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: –114.9 –53.5 –195.0 –221.4 32.2 –190.6 –490.1 8.6 –265.6 –296.9
  - Change in Reserves: –3.6 –6.3 2.1 –1.7 5.0 4.7 9.0 111.0 0.0 0.0
- Japan: Financial Account Balance 58.9 180.9 266.5 168.3 183.9 227.9 128.6 98.4 114.2 138.8
  - Direct Investment, Net: 118.7 133.3 137.5 155.0 134.6 218.5 89.5 120.1 140.6 148.6
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: –42.3 131.5 276.3 –50.6 92.2 87.4 37.0 –198.6 27.0 49.1
  - Change in Reserves: 8.5 5.1 –5.7 23.6 24.0 25.5 10.9 62.8 11.5 11.5
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): Financial Account Balance 15.0 –300.4 –409.7 –267.4 –242.4 –131.5 63.8 233.3 734.7 474.8
  - Direct Investment, Net: –434.2 –344.1 –260.6 –313.0 –373.4 –363.5 –343.9 –510.6 –303.4 –370.2
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: –88.4 124.6 –58.3 –209.0 –101.9 –54.0 13.7 80.8 76.4 –13.7
  - Other Investment, Net: 412.5 480.0 389.0 66.9 106.4 112.2 279.3 153.8 394.4 354.0
  - Change in Reserves: 95.3 –584.9 –483.2 187.2 127.8 171.2 80.9 511.4 564.6 498.8
- Regional examples (selected):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: Financial Account Balance 153.6 72.1 –27.5 –57.8 –259.9 –54.2 152.1 70.5 176.5 152.8; Change in Reserves 196.4 –332.7 –384.8 199.2 22.8 97.0 167.7 252.7 153.6 220.9
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: Financial Account Balance –196.3 –187.9 –106.4 –108.9 –160.7 –120.5 2.8 –88.2 –67.2 –70.8; Change in Reserves 39.8 –31.6 18.7 13.2 11.5 –32.3 12.2 50.3 28.2 21.6
  - Middle East and Central Asia: Financial Account Balance 161.8 –185.3 –220.5 –33.0 109.0 34.7 –74.8 138.6 487.7 338.9; Change in Reserves –9.2 –196.3 –148.0 –57.3 41.2 7.1 –85.6 46.8 355.9 213.2
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: Financial Account Balance –78.0 –67.7 –65.5 –44.7 –40.8 –55.0 –28.8 0.3 –21.3 –43.7; Change in Reserves –9.0 –16.5 –4.6 15.7 4.8 6.2 –10.0 27.2 1.4 6.7
- Analytical group highlights:
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel: Financial Account Balance 185.4 –181.6 –184.5 18.3 179.6 76.3 –48.3 204.2 583.8 414.2; Change in Reserves –34.6 –233.8 –164.2 –65.8 52.5 10.2 –87.7 51.6 376.7 223.2
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Nonfuel: Financial Account Balance –170.4 –118.8 –225.2 –285.6 –422.0 –207.8 112.1 29.1 150.9 60.6; Change in Reserves 129.9 –351.1 –319.0 253.0 75.3 160.9 168.7 459.8 188.0 275.6
  - By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies: Financial Account Balance –377.7 –304.2 –268.1 –328.8 –358.0 –295.0 –94.0 –265.7 –301.6 –324.0; Direct Investment, Net –285.2 –280.1 –292.3 –272.3 –312.0 –300.3 –251.7 –271.4 –290.9 –331.1; Change in Reserves 120.6 –11.8 74.6 92.4 3.6 104.8 149.1 209.8 –10.3 81.7

### Net Lending and Borrowing, Savings, Investment (Table A14 — select highlights)
- World (Memorandum, percent of GDP):
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3
  - Current Account Balance: 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3
  - Savings: 25.0 25.5 25.9 26.6 27.0 27.0 27.0 28.0 28.4 28.4 28.6
  - Investment: 24.7 25.1 25.4 26.0 26.5 26.6 26.4 26.7 27.3 27.6 27.9
- Advanced Economies (percent of GDP):
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.5 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.5
  - Savings: 21.7 21.5 22.6 23.3 23.4 23.4 23.1 24.1 23.7 23.8 24.2
  - Investment: 22.2 21.4 21.6 22.1 22.3 22.6 22.2 22.5 22.9 22.9 22.9
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate, percent of GDP):
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.4 1.2 –0.2 0.0 –0.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.2
  - Savings: 32.0 32.5 31.0 31.5 32.4 32.2 32.8 33.4 34.6 34.5 34.1
  - Investment: 30.0 31.7 31.5 31.9 32.9 32.5 32.8 32.7 33.2 33.7 34.1
- Regional highlights (select):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia — Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.3 2.2 1.3 0.9 –0.3 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1; Savings: 42.0 42.9 39.9 40.1 39.9 39.5 40.1 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.1; Investment: 39.0 40.7 38.6 39.2 40.2 39.0 38.6 38.5 39.3 39.8 40.0
  - Middle East and Central Asia — Net Lending and Borrowing: 9.0 6.4 –3.9 –1.1 2.7 0.5 –2.3 3.0 8.2 5.6 2.4; Savings: 35.9 33.8 23.5 26.1 28.9 28.1 25.9 30.6 35.6 33.1 30.3
  - Latin America and the Caribbean — Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.6 –2.1 –2.0 –1.7 –2.6 –2.0 0.0 –1.6 –1.2 –1.2 –1.4; Savings: 21.0 19.6 16.6 16.3 16.5 16.8 17.1 17.9 19.7 19.7 19.8
- Analytical groups:
  - Fuel exporters — Net Lending and Borrowing: 12.0 8.0 –2.8 1.0 5.2 1.9 –2.1 4.3 10.4 7.2 3.5; Savings: 38.6 35.1 24.2 27.1 31.6 30.8 27.8 33.8 39.4 36.3 32.2
  - Nonfuel exporters — Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.9 0.1 0.1 –0.1 –0.7 –0.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 –0.3; Savings: 30.9 32.0 31.9 32.0 32.5 32.3 33.4 33.3 33.9 34.2 34.3
  - Net Debtor Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.7 –2.5 –1.9 –2.0 –2.4 –1.8 –0.5 –1.7 –1.9 –1.9 –1.9

### Summary of World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Table A15 — select series)
- World Real GDP (Annual percent change / Averages):
  - Averages 2004–13: 4.1
  - 2014–23: 3.0
  - 2020: –3.1
  - 2021: 6.1
  - 2022: 3.6
  - 2023: 3.6
  - 2020–23 average: 2.5
  - 2024–27 average: 3.3
- Advanced Economies — Real GDP:
  - Averages 2004–13: 1.6
  - 2014–23: 1.9
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2020–23 average: 1.5
  - 2024–27 average: 1.7
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Real GDP:
  - Averages 2004–13: 6.4
  - 2014–23: 3.9
  - 2020: –2.0
  - 2021: 6.8
  - 2022: 3.8
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2020–23 average: 3.2
  - 2024–27 average: 4.5
- Potential Output — Major Advanced Economies:
  - 2004–13: 1.6
  - 2014–23: 1.3
  - 2020: –1.3
  - 2021: 2.4
  - 2022: 1.9
  - 2023: 2.0
  - 2020–23 average: 1.2
  - 2024–27 average: 1.6
- World Trade, Volume (goods and services):
  - Averages 2004–13: 5.4
  - 2014–23: 3.0
  - 2020: –7.9
  - 2021: 10.1
  - 2022: 5.0
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2020–23 average: 2.7
  - 2024–27 average: 3.7
- World Prices in US Dollars (selected):
  - Manufactures: 2.6 0.8 –3.2 6.8 8.8 2.9 3.7 1.5
  - Oil: 13.7 –1.2 –32.7 67.3 54.7 –13.3 10.8 –5.9
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.4 2.2 6.8 26.8 11.4 –2.5 10.1 –0.4
- Consumer Prices (select aggregates):
  - Advanced Economies: 2.0 1.9 0.7 3.1 5.7 2.5 3.0 1.9
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.9 8.7 6.5 6.6 4.5
- Interest Rates — World Real Long-Term Interest Rate (GDP-weighted average of 10-year or nearest-maturity government bond rates for Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States):
  - 2004–13: 1.3
  - 2014–23: –0.6
  - 2020: –0.3
  - 2021: –2.5
  - 2022: –4.4
  - 2023: –0.4
  - 2020–23 average: –1.9
  - 2024–27 average: 0.5
- Current Account Balances (percent of GDP):
  - Advanced Economies: –0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 –0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.1
- Total External Debt (Emerging Market and Developing Economies, percent of GDP):
  - 2004–13: 27.5
  - 2014–23: 30.1
  - 2020: 32.6
  - 2021: 30.7
  - 2022: 28.1
  - 2023: 27.2
  - 2020–23 average: 29.7
  - 2024–27 average: 25.8
- Debt Service (Emerging Market and Developing Economies, percent of exports or percent as shown):
  - 2004–13: 9.3
  - 2014–23: 10.8
  - 2020: 11.3
  - 2021: 10.6
  - 2022: 10.0
  - 2023: 9.7
  - 2020–23 average: 10.4
  - 2024–27 average: 9.3

*International Monetary Fund | April 2022 — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: STATISTICAL APPENDIX (statapp-tables-a, Tables A1–A15).*

### Section 1

### statapp-tables-a - Section 1

### Summary of World Output (Table A1)
- World (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –3.1
  - 2021: 6.1
  - 2022: 3.6
  - 2023: 3.6
  - 2027: 3.3
- Advanced Economies (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2027: 1.6
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - 2020: –2.0
  - 2021: 6.8
  - 2022: 3.8
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2027: 4.3
- Output per Capita (international dollars at PPP):
  - Advanced Economies (annual percent change): 2020: –5.0; 2021: 5.0; 2022: 3.0; 2023: 2.1; 2027: 1.3
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual percent change): 2020: –3.3; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 2.7; 2023: 3.3; 2027: 3.2
- Value of World Output:
  - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 2021: 96,293; 2022: 103,867; 2023: 110,751; 2027: 136,384
  - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 2021: 146,124; 2022: 160,244; 2023: 170,830; 2027: 211,530

### Advanced Economies — Real GDP, Demand, and Components (Tables A2, A3)
- Real GDP for Advanced Economies (Q4 over Q4 and annual percent change):
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2027: 1.6
- United States (Real GDP):
  - 2020: –3.4
  - 2021: 5.7
  - 2022: 3.7
  - 2023: 2.3
  - 2027: 1.7
- Euro Area (Real GDP):
  - 2020: –6.4
  - 2021: 5.3
  - 2022: 2.8
  - 2023: 2.3
  - 2027: 1.3
- Real Total Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies):
  - 2020: –4.4
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.5
  - 2023: 2.3
  - 2027: 2.1
- Components of Real GDP (Advanced Economies, annual percent change):
  - Private Consumer Expenditure:
    - 2020: –5.8
    - 2021: 5.3
    - 2022: 3.8
    - 2023: 2.4
  - Public Consumption:
    - 2020: 1.8
    - 2021: 3.3
    - 2022: 1.3
    - 2023: 1.2
  - Gross Fixed Capital Formation:
    - 2020: –3.7
    - 2021: 5.4
    - 2022: 3.6
    - 2023: 3.8
  - Final Domestic Demand:
    - 2020: –4.0
    - 2021: 5.0
    - 2022: 3.2
    - 2023: 2.4
- Additional decomposition (Advanced Economies):
  - Stock Building (changes as percent of GDP in the preceding period, Advanced Economies):
    - 2020: –0.4
    - 2021: 0.3
    - 2022: 0.3
    - 2023: –0.1
  - Foreign Balance (changes as percent of GDP in the preceding period, Advanced Economies):
    - 2020: –0.1
    - 2021: –0.3
    - 2022: –0.1
    - 2023: –0.1

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Table A4)
- Regional aggregates (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia:
    - 2020: –0.8
    - 2021: 7.3
    - 2022: 5.4
    - 2023: 5.6
    - 2027: 5.2
  - Emerging and Developing Europe:
    - 2020: –1.8
    - 2021: 6.7
    - 2022: –2.9
    - 2023: 1.3
    - 2027: 2.4
  - Latin America and the Caribbean:
    - 2020: 0.1
    - 2021: 6.8
    - 2022: 2.5
    - 2023: 2.5
    - 2027: 2.4
  - Middle East and Central Asia:
    - 2020: 2.2
    - 2021: –2.9
    - 2022: 5.7
    - 2023: 4.6
    - 2027: 3.7
- Selected country projections (Real GDP, annual percent change):
  - China:
    - 2020: 2.2
    - 2021: 8.1
    - 2022: 4.4
    - 2023: 5.1
    - 2027: 4.8
  - India:
    - 2020: –6.6
    - 2021: 8.9
    - 2022: 8.2
    - 2023: 6.9
    - 2027: 6.2
  - Bangladesh:
    - 2020: 3.5
    - 2021: 8.2
    - 2022: 3.5
    - 2023: 5.0
    - 2027: 6.4
  - Indonesia:
    - 2020: –2.1
    - 2021: 3.7
    - 2022: 5.4
    - 2023: 6.0
    - 2027: 5.2
  - Brazil:
    - 2020: –3.9
    - 2021: 4.6
    - 2022: 0.8
    - 2023: 1.4
    - 2027: 2.0
  - Russia:
    - 2020: –2.7
    - 2021: 4.7
    - 2022: –8.5
    - 2023: –2.3
    - 2027: 0.7
  - Ukraine:
    - 2020: 3.2
    - 2021: –3.8
    - 2022: 3.4
    - 2023: –35.0
- Notable country-level volatility and outliers in projections are recorded across the dataset (for example, Guyana, Libya, Maldives, and others show large multi-year swings in the full tables provided).

*International Monetary Fund | April 2022 — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: STATISTICAL APPENDIX (Section 1, Tables A1–A4).*

### Section 2

### STATISTICAL APPENDIX: Section 2 (Tables A4–A7 excerpt)

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Real GDP (selected lines)
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 5.65.03.21.53.03.33.1–1.74.53.84.04.4
- Angola: 8.44.80.9–2.6–0.2–2.0–0.7–5.60.73.03.33.9
- Ethiopia: 10.910.310.48.010.27.79.06.16.33.85.77.0
- Nigeria: 7.36.32.7–1.60.81.92.2–1.83.63.43.12.9
- South Africa: 3.31.41.30.71.21.50.1–6.44.91.91.41.4

### Summary of Inflation — GDP Deflators and Consumer Prices (selected aggregates)
- GDP Deflators, Advanced Economies: 1.61.41.31.01.51.71.51.42.94.42.41.8
- Consumer Prices, Advanced Economies (annual averages): 2.01.40.30.71.72.01.40.73.15.72.51.9
- Consumer Prices, Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual averages): 6.34.74.74.34.44.95.15.25.98.76.54.1

### Summary of Inflation — Regional groups (Consumer Prices, annual averages)
- Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.03.42.72.82.42.73.33.12.23.52.92.7
- Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.16.510.65.55.66.46.65.39.527.118.16.8
- Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.94.95.45.56.36.67.76.49.811.28.05.0
- Middle East and Central Asia: 8.46.55.65.76.99.87.810.613.212.810.56.9
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.66.46.710.310.68.38.110.211.012.29.66.7

### Advanced Economies: Consumer Prices (end of period / selected aggregates and countries)
- Advanced Economies (movements shown as annual averages): 2.01.40.30.71.72.01.40.73.15.72.51.9
- United States (annual averages): 2.41.60.11.32.12.41.81.24.77.72.92.0
- Euro Area (HICP-based, annual averages): 2.00.40.20.21.51.81.20.32.65.32.31.9
- Japan (annual averages): –0.12.80.8–0.10.51.00.50.0–0.31.00.81.0
- United Kingdom (end-of-period projections, listed): 2.71.50.00.72.72.51.80.92.67.4 5.32.05.47.63.5

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Consumer Prices (end of period / selected regions and countries)
- Emerging and Developing Asia (end-of-period sequence): 5.03.42.72.82.42.73.33.12.23.52.92.73.03.72.5
- Emerging and Developing Europe (end-of-period sequence): 8.16.510.65.55.66.46.65.39.527.118.16.815.026.014.7
- Latin America and the Caribbean (end-of-period sequence): 4.94.95.45.56.36.67.76.49.811.28.05.011.610.07.1
- Middle East and Central Asia (end-of-period sequence): 8.46.55.65.76.99.87.810.613.212.810.56.913.012.59.0
- Sub-Saharan Africa (end-of-period sequence): 8.66.46.710.310.68.38.110.211.012.29.66.711.511.68.9

- Selected country examples (consumer prices, end-of-period / annual averages as presented):
  - India: 8.25.84.94.53.63.44.86.25.56.14.84.06.15.74.5
  - China: 3.12.01.42.01.62.12.92.40.92.11.82.01.82.51.4
  - Russia: 9.57.815.57.03.72.94.53.46.721.314.34.08.424.012.0
  - Turkey: 8.38.97.77.811.116.315.212.319.660.537.215.036.152.429.7
  - Venezuela (consumer prices, highly volatile series shown as provided): 24.162.2121.7254.9438.165,374.119,906.02,355.11,588.5500.0500.0. . .686.4500.0500.0

*Italicized attribution line supplied by the pipeline.*

### Section 3

### statapp-tables-a - Section 3

### Major Advanced Economies: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt (selected series)
- Major Advanced Economies (averages and projections)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.3, –3.6, –3.0, –3.3, –3.2, –3.4, –3.8, –11.9, –8.4, –4.9, –3.3, –3.6
  - Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –2.2, –2.8, –2.0, –1.7, –0.8, –0.1, 0.2, –3.4, –0.9, 0.4, 0.6, 0.0
  - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.2, –2.5, –2.2, –2.7, –2.9, –3.3, –3.9, –8.0, –6.5, –5.0, –3.6, –3.5

- United States (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.5, –4.0, –3.5, –4.3, –4.6, –5.4, –5.7, –14.5, –10.2, –4.8, –4.0, –5.2
  - Output Gap: –3.7, –4.0, –2.5, –2.1, –1.3, 0.0, 0.7, –3.3, 0.3, 1.6, 1.5, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –4.5, –2.7, –2.5, –3.5, –4.2, –5.2, –6.1, –10.4, –8.0, –5.3, –4.6, –5.1
  - Net Debt: 60.6, 81.1, 80.9, 81.9, 80.3, 81.2, 83.0, 98.7, 101.3, 95.8, 94.9, 105.6
  - Gross Debt: 82.3, 104.6, 105.1, 107.2, 106.2, 107.5, 108.8, 134.2, 132.6, 125.6, 123.7, 127.4

- Euro Area (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3, –2.5, –2.0, –1.5, –0.9, –0.4, –0.6, –7.2, –5.5, –4.3, –2.5, –1.7
  - Output Gap: –0.4, –2.9, –2.3, –1.6, –0.6, –0.1, 0.1, –4.3, –2.4, –1.0, –0.4, 0.1
  - Structural Balance: –3.0, –0.7, –0.6, –0.5, –0.5, –0.3, –0.5, –4.5, –4.0, –3.5, –2.3, –1.7
  - Net Debt: 62.8, 76.1, 75.0, 74.5, 72.4, 70.6, 69.1, 79.6, 79.2, 79.2, 78.1, 75.1
  - Gross Debt: 78.1, 92.7, 90.8, 90.0, 87.5, 85.5, 83.5, 97.3, 96.0, 95.2, 93.4, 88.9

- Germany (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –1.7, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.9, 1.5, –4.3, –3.7, –3.3, –0.7, 0.4
  - Output Gap: –0.2, –0.3, –0.3, 0.1, 1.0, 0.8, 0.4, –2.6, –2.1, –1.1, –0.3, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –1.4, 1.2, 1.2, 1.2, 1.1, 1.6, 1.3, –3.1, –2.6, –2.0, –0.5, 0.4
  - Net Debt: 57.5, 54.9, 52.2, 49.3, 45.4, 42.6, 40.5, 46.3, 49.0, 51.1, 49.0, 42.2
  - Gross Debt: 72.3, 75.3, 72.0, 69.0, 64.7, 61.3, 58.9, 68.7, 70.2, 70.9, 67.7, 58.7

- France (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –4.4, –3.9, –3.6, –3.6, –3.0, –2.3, –3.1, –9.1, –7.0, –5.6, –3.8, –3.3
  - Output Gap: –0.4, –2.2, –2.4, –2.5, –1.6, –0.8, 0.0, –4.8, –1.8, –0.5, –0.6, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –4.1, –2.5, –2.1, –2.0, –1.9, –1.5, –2.1, –5.9, –5.9, –5.3, –3.4, –3.3
  - Net Debt: 67.4, 85.5, 86.3, 89.2, 89.4, 89.2, 88.8, 102.6, 99.8, 100.1, 100.4, 101.4
  - Gross Debt: 77.1, 94.9, 95.6, 98.0, 98.1, 97.8, 97.4, 115.2, 112.3, 112.6, 112.9, 114.0

- Italy (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.4, –3.0, –2.6, –2.4, –2.4, –2.2, –1.5, –9.6, –7.2, –6.0, –3.9, –2.5
  - Output Gap: –0.6, –4.1, –3.4, –2.6, –1.6, –1.1, –1.1, –6.1, –4.1, –1.2, –0.3, 0.5
  - Structural Balance: –3.4, –1.0, –0.6, –1.3, –1.6, –1.7, –1.0, –6.0, –4.6, –5.2, –3.7, –2.7
  - Net Debt: 104.3, 121.4, 122.2, 121.6, 121.3, 121.8, 121.7, 141.8, 138.3, 138.5, 137.1, 132.6
  - Gross Debt: 114.3, 135.4, 135.3, 134.8, 134.2, 134.4, 134.1, 155.3, 150.9, 150.6, 148.7, 142.9

- Japan (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.3, –5.6, –3.7, –3.6, –3.1, –2.5, –3.0, –9.0, –7.6, –7.8, –3.5, –2.8
  - Output Gap: –1.6, –2.3, –1.5, –1.5, –0.5, –0.7, –1.4, –2.7, –2.6, –1.7, –0.4, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –5.8, –5.4, –4.2, –4.1, –3.3, –2.5, –2.5, –8.1, –6.9, –7.3, –3.3, –2.8
  - Net Debt: 115.7, 145.1, 144.6, 149.6, 148.1, 151.1, 151.4, 162.4, 168.9, 172.1, 171.0, 174.5
  - Gross Debt (nonconsolidated basis): 195.1, 233.5, 228.4, 232.5, 231.4, 232.5, 236.1, 259.0, 263.1, 262.5, 258.3, 261.8

- United Kingdom (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.6, –5.5, –4.5, –3.3, –2.4, –2.2, –2.2, –12.8, –8.0, –4.3, –2.3, –1.0
  - Output Gap: –1.1, –1.8, –1.0, –0.5, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, –3.5, –0.1, 0.4, –0.7, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –4.8, –3.9, –3.6, –2.8, –2.3, –2.4, –2.7, 0.5, –3.2, –4.4, –2.0, –1.1
  - Net Debt: 52.9, 77.3, 77.6, 76.9, 75.7, 74.8, 74.1, 90.2, 84.3, 76.1, 71.3, 59.2
  - Gross Debt: 59.1, 85.5, 86.0, 85.8, 85.1, 84.5, 83.9, 102.6, 95.3, 87.8, 82.7, 70.7

- Canada (selected series)
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –1.0, 0.2, –0.1, –0.5, –0.1, 0.4, 0.0, –11.4, –4.7, –2.2, –0.8, –0.3
  - Output Gap: 0.0, 1.0, –0.1, –0.9, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, –3.4, –1.5, 0.3, 0.8, 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –0.9, –0.6, 0.0, 0.1, –0.3, 0.0, –0.2, –8.6, –3.6, –2.3, –1.3, –0.3
  - Net Debt (includes equity shares): 26.5, 28.5, 28.6, 28.5, 25.8, 25.7, 23.1, 33.6, 33.2, 31.2, 31.6, 27.6
  - Gross Debt: 76.1, 85.6, 91.2, 91.8, 88.9, 88.9, 87.2, 117.8, 112.1, 101.8, 98.5, 87.7

- Notes (from table)
  - Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries.
  - Percent of potential GDP for Output Gap and Structural Balance.
  - Certain national figures adjusted to exclude accrual-basis pension items.

### Table A9 — Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices (selected series)
- World Trade (Volume, annual percent change): 5.4, 3.0, 3.8, 3.0, 2.3, 5.6, 4.0, 0.9, –7.9, 10.1, 5.0, 4.4
- Price Deflator (In US Dollars): 4.1, 0.5, –1.8, –13.3, –4.0, 4.3, 5.5, –2.4, –2.2, 12.6, 7.8, 0.6
- Price Deflator (In SDRs): 3.2, 1.2, –1.7, –5.9, –3.4, 4.6, 3.3, 0.0, –3.0, 10.1, 10.2, –0.5

- Volume of Trade — Exports (Advanced Economies): 4.5, 2.8, 3.8, 3.8, 2.1, 4.9, 3.6, 1.3, –9.1, 8.6, 5.0, 4.7
- Volume of Trade — Exports (Emerging Market and Developing Economies): 7.4, 3.4, 3.4, 2.0, 2.8, 6.5, 4.1, 0.4, –4.8, 12.3, 4.1, 3.6

- Volume of Trade — Imports (Advanced Economies): 3.7, 3.2, 3.9, 4.8, 2.5, 4.8, 3.8, 2.1, –8.7, 9.5, 6.1, 4.5
- Volume of Trade — Imports (Emerging Market and Developing Economies): 9.1, 2.8, 4.3, –0.6, 1.7, 7.5, 5.1, –1.1, –7.9, 11.8, 3.9, 4.8

- World Trade Prices in US Dollars (selected components, percent change)
  - Manufactures: 2.6, 0.8, –0.5, –3.0, –5.2, 0.1, 2.0, 0.5, –3.2, 6.8, 8.8, 2.9
  - Oil: 13.7, –1.2, –7.5, –47.2, –15.7, 23.3, 29.4, –10.2, –32.7, 67.3, 54.7, –13.3
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.4, 2.2, –5.5, –17.1, –0.4, 6.4, 1.3, 0.7, 6.8, 26.8, 11.4, –2.5

- World Trade — Volume of Goods (exports, selected groups)
  - Exports, Advanced Economies: 4.4, 2.7, 3.1, 3.1, 1.7, 4.9, 3.1, 0.5, –6.3, 9.4, 4.0, 4.3
  - Exports, Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 7.2, 3.3, 2.7, 1.5, 2.7, 6.6, 3.8, –0.6, –1.1, 11.6, 3.6, 3.1

- Memorandum
  - World Exports in Billions of US Dollars (Goods and Services): 17,868; 25,194; 23,795; 21,127; 20,752; 22,882; 25,073; 24,652; 22,253; 27,635; 31,144; 32,625
  - Goods: 14,187; 19,483; 18,639; 16,201; 15,745; 17,457; 19,109; 18,540; 17,222; 21,752; 24,631; 25,532
  - Average Oil Price (Percent change of average of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and WTI): 13.7, –1.2, –7.5, –47.2, –15.7, 23.3, 29.4, –10.2, –32.7, 67.3, 54.7, –13.3
  - Average Oil Price in US Dollars a Barrel (selected values): 77.74, 68.22, 96.25, 50.79, 42.84, 52.81, 68.33, 61.39, 41.29, 69.07, 106.83, 92.63

### Table A10 — Summary of Current Account Balances (Billions of US dollars, selected series)
- Advanced Economies (current account balance, billions): 225.4, 272.6, 367.7, 488.9, 401.2, 337.9, 207.8, 379.3, –65.0, 23.4, 435.8
- United States (billions): –370.0, –408.9, –397.6, –361.7, –438.2, –472.1, –616.1, –806.6, –877.8, –855.4, –636.7
- Euro Area (billions): 316.9, 313.5, 364.0, 402.1, 392.4, 306.7, 250.0, 345.2, 257.1, 344.1, 479.3
- Germany (billions): 280.3, 288.8, 295.1, 288.9, 316.3, 294.3, 272.5, 314.0, 249.8, 313.4, 369.3
- Japan (billions): 36.8, 136.4, 197.8, 203.5, 177.8, 176.0, 148.8, 141.7, 117.2, 142.2, 202.0
- United Kingdom (billions): –157.9, –152.7, –145.6, –98.1, –112.6, –76.8, –69.0, –82.5, –184.4, –178.1, –161.2
- Canada (billions): –41.9, –54.4, –47.2, –46.2, –41.0, –35.5, –29.4, 1.2, 24.6, –2.1, –51.0
- Other Advanced Economies (1): 350.8, 350.4, 330.0, 333.2, 331.6, 349.2, 409.1, 602.3, 518.4, 487.7, 502.7
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (billions): 160.0, –75.5, –99.2, –22.5, –52.2, 0.7, 160.1, 365.3, 682.3, 420.7, –112.3
- Memorandum — World (billions): 385.4, 197.1, 268.5, 466.4, 349.0, 338.6, 367.9, 744.6, 617.2, 444.1, 323.5

- Table A10 — Selected percent of GDP projections (Advanced Economies and major countries)
  - Advanced Economies (percent of GDP): 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.7, –0.1, 0.0, 0.6
  - United States (percent of GDP): –2.1, –2.2, –2.1, –1.9, –2.1, –2.2, –2.9, –3.5, –3.5, –3.2, –2.1
  - Euro Area (percent of GDP): 2.3, 2.7, 3.0, 3.2, 2.9, 2.3, 1.9, 2.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6
  - Germany (percent of GDP): 7.2, 8.6, 8.5, 7.8, 7.9, 7.6, 7.1, 7.4, 5.9, 6.9, 6.9
  - Japan (percent of GDP): 0.8, 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.5, 3.4, 3.0, 2.9, 2.4, 2.7, 3.2
  - United Kingdom (percent of GDP): –5.1, –5.2, –5.3, –3.6, –3.9, –2.7, –2.5, –2.6, –5.5, –4.8, –3.5
  - Canada (percent of GDP): –2.3, –3.5, –3.1, –2.8, –2.4, –2.0, –1.8, 0.1, 1.1, –0.1, –1.8
  - Other Advanced Economies (1) (percent of GDP): 5.0, 5.4, 5.0, 4.7, 4.4, 4.7, 5.6, 7.2, 5.9, 5.3, 4.5

### Table A11 — Advanced Economies: Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP, selected countries and projections)
- Advanced Economies (percent of GDP): 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.7, –0.1, 0.0, 0.6
- United States (percent of GDP): –2.1, –2.2, –2.1, –1.9, –2.1, –2.2, –2.9, –3.5, –3.5, –3.2, –2.1
- Euro Area (percent of GDP): 3.0, 3.4, 3.6, 3.6, 3.5, 3.0, 2.8, 3.6, 2.3, 2.8, 3.2
- Germany (percent of GDP): 7.2, 8.6, 8.5, 7.8, 7.9, 7.6, 7.1, 7.4, 5.9, 6.9, 6.9
- France (percent of GDP): –1.0, –0.4, –0.5, –0.8, –0.8, –0.3, –1.9, –0.9, –1.8, –1.7, –0.8
- Italy (percent of GDP): 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, 2.6, 2.5, 3.2, 3.7, 3.3, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0
- Spain (percent of GDP): 1.7, 2.0, 3.2, 2.8, 1.9, 2.1, 0.8, 0.9, 0.3, 0.4, 1.5
- Japan (percent of GDP): 0.8, 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.5, 3.4, 3.0, 2.9, 2.4, 2.7, 3.2
- United Kingdom (percent of GDP): –5.1, –5.2, –5.3, –3.6, –3.9, –2.7, –2.5, –2.6, –5.5, –4.8, –3.5
- Korea (percent of GDP): 5.6, 7.2, 6.5, 4.6, 4.5, 3.6, 4.6, 4.9, 2.2, 3.2, 4.1
- Canada (percent of GDP): –2.3, –3.5, –3.1, –2.8, –2.4, –2.0, –1.8, 0.1, 1.1, –0.1, –1.8
- Taiwan Province of China (percent of GDP): 11.3, 13.6, 13.1, 14.1, 11.6, 10.7, 14.2, 14.7, 13.2, 11.6, 8.5

- Major Advanced Economies (percent of GDP, memorandum): –0.7, –0.5, –0.2, 0.0, –0.2, –0.1, –0.7, –0.9, –1.5, –1.2, –0.4
- Euro Area aggregate (percent of GDP, data corrected for intra-area): 3.0, 3.4, 3.6, 3.6, 3.5, 3.0, 2.8, 3.6, 2.3, 2.8, 3.2

*Italic source attribution: Source: statapp-tables-a - Section 3, World Economic Outlook (April 2022), Tables A9–A11.*

### Section 4

### statapp-tables-a - Section 4

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP) — Projections 2014–2027
- Emerging and Developing Asia: 1.5 1.9 1.3 0.9 –0.3 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 –0.1
- China: 2.2 2.6 1.7 1.5 0.2 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.4
- India: –1.3 –1.0 –0.6 –1.8 –2.1 –0.9 0.9 –1.6 –2.9 –2.5 –2.3
- Indonesia: –3.1 –2.0 –1.8 –1.6 –2.9 –2.7 –0.4 0.3 4.5 0.5 –1.5
- Malaysia: 4.3 3.0 2.4 2.8 2.2 3.5 4.2 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.6
- Vietnam: 3.7 –0.9 0.2 –0.6 1.9 3.7 4.4 –0.5 –0.1 0.8 0.0

- Emerging and Developing Europe (aggregate): –0.3 1.0 –0.3 –0.5 1.7 1.3 0.0 1.7 3.2 1.7 –0.3
- Russia: 2.8 5.0 1.9 2.0 7.0 3.9 2.4 6.9 12.4 8.1 3.1
- Turkey: –4.1 –3.2 –3.1 –4.8 –2.8 0.7 –4.9 –1.8 –5.7 –2.0 –1.6
- Poland: –2.6 –0.9 –0.8 –0.4 –1.3 0.5 2.9 –0.9 –2.9 –2.7 –2.0
- Romania: –0.3 –0.8 –1.6 –3.1 –4.6 –4.9 –5.0 –7.1 –7.0 –6.5 –5.6

- Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate): –3.2 –3.3 –2.0 –1.7 –2.7 –2.1 –0.2 –1.6 –1.2 –1.2 –1.5
- Brazil: –4.1 –3.0 –1.4 –1.1 –2.7 –3.5 –1.7 –1.7 –1.5 –1.6 –2.1
- Mexico: –1.9 –2.6 –2.2 –1.7 –2.0 –0.3 2.4 –0.4 –0.6 –0.7 –1.1
- Colombia: –5.2 –6.4 –4.5 –3.2 –4.2 –4.6 –3.4 –5.7 –3.3 –3.4 –3.9
- Chile: –3.6 –2.8 –2.6 –2.8 –4.6 –5.2 –1.9 –6.7 –4.5 –3.4 –2.5

- Middle East and Central Asia (aggregate): 4.9 –3.9 –4.1 –1.1 2.9 0.5 –2.5 3.0 8.3 5.6 1.4
- Saudi Arabia: 9.8 –8.7 –3.7 1.5 8.8 4.8 –3.1 6.6 19.5 14.8 4.6
- United Arab Emirates: 13.5 4.9 3.7 7.1 9.8 8.9 5.9 11.7 18.5 14.0 8.2
- Iran: 2.6 0.3 2.9 3.1 5.2 0.6 –0.1 2.0 3.5 2.0 0.5
- Qatar: 24.0 8.5 –5.5 4.0 9.1 2.4 –2.0 14.7 19.9 15.1 4.8

- Sub-Saharan Africa (aggregate): –3.6 –5.7 –3.6 –2.2 –2.3 –3.2 –3.0 –1.1 –1.7 –2.5 –2.3
- South Africa: –4.8 –4.3 –2.7 –2.4 –3.0 –2.6 2.0 3.7 1.3 –1.0 –2.0
- Nigeria: 0.2 –3.1 1.3 3.4 1.5 –3.3 –4.0 –0.8 –1.1 –1.1 –0.7
- Angola: –2.6 –8.8 –3.1 –0.5 7.3 6.1 1.5 11.3 11.0 4.9 –0.3
- Ethiopia: –7.9 –11.5 –10.9 –8.5 –6.5 –5.3 –4.6 –3.2 –4.5 –4.4 –3.7

- Select small states and outliers (percent of GDP):
  - Timor-Leste: 75.6 12.8 –33.0 –17.5 –12.1 6.5 –16.2 1.8 –28.0 –35.3 –38.9
  - Brunei Darussalam: 31.9 16.7 12.9 16.4 6.9 6.6 4.5 5.6 18.2 15.0 13.0
  - Bhutan: –27.1 –27.9 –30.2 –23.6 –18.4 –20.5 –12.4 –11.8 –10.6 –9.7 0.2

### Table A13. Summary of Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars) — Projections 2014–2023
- Advanced Economies: Financial Account Balance 305.5 335.6 432.1 462.0 435.2 225.8 108.9 374.7 –24.2 81.9
  - Direct Investment, Net 244.0 2.7 –246.7 355.4 –53.3 37.5 113.4 412.5 39.8 2.8
  - Portfolio Investment, Net 58.8 216.7 484.6 17.5 461.1 126.0 257.4 404.0 95.6 108.2
  - Other Investment, Net –139.1 –24.5 –16.9 –177.9 –152.4 –32.5 –706.4 –1,104.4 –331.3 –216.1
  - Change in Reserves 140.0 226.6 178.5 244.8 127.9 67.6 358.9 602.8 135.7 130.2

- United States: Financial Account Balance –297.1 –333.1 –363.6 –344.6 –348.4 –480.4 –653.0 –729.3 –879.5 –857.1
  - Direct Investment, Net 135.7 –209.4 –174.6 28.6 –344.3 –180.0 100.4 12.3 –92.3 –99.2
  - Portfolio Investment, Net –114.9 –53.5 –195.0 –221.4 32.2 –190.6 –490.1 8.6 –265.6 –296.9
  - Change in Reserves –3.6 –6.3 2.1 –1.7 5.0 4.7 9.0 111.0 0.0 0.0

- Euro Area (aggregate): Financial Account Balance 372.6 338.5 313.2 392.8 344.9 233.1 225.4 374.9 . . .. . .
  - Direct Investment, Net 89.3 244.3 150.8 74.1 127.9 80.0 –172.1 344.0 . . .. . .
  - Portfolio Investment, Net 87.0 133.5 529.8 402.6 272.6 –105.0 612.9 498.7 . . .. . .

- Japan: Financial Account Balance 58.9 180.9 266.5 168.3 183.9 227.9 128.6 98.4 114.2 138.8
  - Direct Investment, Net 118.7 133.3 137.5 155.0 134.6 218.5 89.5 120.1 140.6 148.6
  - Portfolio Investment, Net –42.3 131.5 276.3 –50.6 92.2 87.4 37.0 –198.6 27.0 49.1
  - Change in Reserves 8.5 5.1 –5.7 23.6 24.0 25.5 10.9 62.8 11.5 11.5

- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): Financial Account Balance 15.0 –300.4 –409.7 –267.4 –242.4 –131.5 63.8 233.3 734.7 474.8
  - Direct Investment, Net –434.2 –344.1 –260.6 –313.0 –373.4 –363.5 –343.9 –510.6 –303.4 –370.2
  - Portfolio Investment, Net –88.4 124.6 –58.3 –209.0 –101.9 –54.0 13.7 80.8 76.4 –13.7
  - Other Investment, Net 412.5 480.0 389.0 66.9 106.4 112.2 279.3 153.8 394.4 354.0
  - Change in Reserves 95.3 –584.9 –483.2 187.2 127.8 171.2 80.9 511.4 564.6 498.8

- Regional groups (selected):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: Financial Account Balance 153.6 72.1 –27.5 –57.8 –259.9 –54.2 152.1 70.5 176.5 152.8
    - Change in Reserves 196.4 –332.7 –384.8 199.2 22.8 97.0 167.7 252.7 153.6 220.9
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: Financial Account Balance –196.3 –187.9 –106.4 –108.9 –160.7 –120.5 2.8 –88.2 –67.2 –70.8
    - Direct Investment, Net –141.1 –132.8 –124.7 –121.4 –149.0 –114.9 –89.2 –98.6 –109.2 –124.3
    - Change in Reserves 39.8 –31.6 18.7 13.2 11.5 –32.3 12.2 50.3 28.2 21.6
  - Middle East and Central Asia: Financial Account Balance 161.8 –185.3 –220.5 –33.0 109.0 34.7 –74.8 138.6 487.7 338.9
    - Portfolio Investment, Net 129.7 61.8 –12.2 –41.1 5.2 28.0 85.9 35.7 76.6 60.7
    - Change in Reserves –9.2 –196.3 –148.0 –57.3 41.2 7.1 –85.6 46.8 355.9 213.2
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: Financial Account Balance –78.0 –67.7 –65.5 –44.7 –40.8 –55.0 –28.8 0.3 –21.3 –43.7
    - Direct Investment, Net –48.2 –37.7 –34.3 –37.4 –20.6 –28.7 –27.9 –67.4 –33.2 –42.8
    - Change in Reserves –9.0 –16.5 –4.6 15.7 4.8 6.2 –10.0 27.2 1.4 6.7

- Analytical groups (selected):
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel: Financial Account Balance 185.4 –181.6 –184.5 18.3 179.6 76.3 –48.3 204.2 583.8 414.2
    - Change in Reserves –34.6 –233.8 –164.2 –65.8 52.5 10.2 –87.7 51.6 376.7 223.2
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Nonfuel: Financial Account Balance –170.4 –118.8 –225.2 –285.6 –422.0 –207.8 112.1 29.1 150.9 60.6
    - Change in Reserves 129.9 –351.1 –319.0 253.0 75.3 160.9 168.7 459.8 188.0 275.6
  - By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies: Financial Account Balance –377.7 –304.2 –268.1 –328.8 –358.0 –295.0 –94.0 –265.7 –301.6 –324.0
    - Direct Investment, Net –285.2 –280.1 –292.3 –272.3 –312.0 –300.3 –251.7 –271.4 –290.9 –331.1
    - Change in Reserves 120.6 –11.8 74.6 92.4 3.6 104.8 149.1 209.8 –10.3 81.7

*Italic: Table A12 and Table A13 data extracted from the Statistical Appendix (Projections columns as shown).*

### Section 5

### statapp-tables-a - Section 5

### Memorandum: World Financial Account Balance
- Financial Account Balance: 320.5 35.2 24.4 194.6 192.8 94.3 172.7 608.0 710.5 556.7

### Table A14 — Summary of Net Lending and Borrowing (Percent of GDP): Major aggregates and country groups
- World (Memorandum)
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3
  - Current Account Balance: 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3
  - Savings: 25.0 25.5 25.9 26.6 27.0 27.0 27.0 28.0 28.4 28.4 28.6
  - Investment: 24.7 25.1 25.4 26.0 26.5 26.6 26.4 26.7 27.3 27.6 27.9
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

- Advanced Economies (averages and projections)
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.5 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.5
  - Current Account Balance: –0.5 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 –0.1 0.0 0.5
  - Savings: 21.7 21.5 22.6 23.3 23.4 23.4 23.1 24.1 23.7 23.8 24.2
  - Investment: 22.2 21.4 21.6 22.1 22.3 22.6 22.2 22.5 22.9 22.9 22.9
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

- United States
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.0 –2.8 –2.2 –1.8 –2.2 –2.2 –3.0 –3.5 –3.5 –3.2 –2.4
  - Current Account Balance: –4.0 –2.8 –2.1 –1.9 –2.1 –2.2 –2.9 –3.5 –3.5 –3.2 –2.4
  - Savings: 16.9 17.2 18.9 19.5 19.6 19.4 19.2 20.0 20.6 21.2 21.8
  - Investment: 20.9 19.8 20.6 20.8 21.1 21.4 21.2 21.4 22.1 22.5 22.4
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

- Euro Area (select entries where shown)
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.2 0.8 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.7 . . . . .
  - Current Account Balance: 0.1 0.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.3 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.2 2.6
  - Savings: 22.7 22.5 24.3 24.9 25.4 25.8 24.8 26.4 25.0 25.1 25.5
  - Investment: 21.8 20.8 20.7 21.3 21.9 22.9 22.0 22.8 22.8 22.4 22.4
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.1 0.1 0.0 –0.2 –0.3 –0.2 0.0 0.3 . . . . .

- Germany
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 5.9 6.6 8.6 7.7 8.0 7.5 6.9 7.4 5.9 6.9 7.0
  - Current Account Balance: 5.9 6.6 8.5 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.1 7.4 5.9 6.9 7.0
  - Savings: 26.2 26.8 28.5 28.8 29.9 29.7 28.2 30.1 28.6 28.6 28.9
  - Investment: 20.3 20.2 20.0 21.0 21.9 22.1 21.1 22.7 22.7 21.8 21.9
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 0.0 0.1 –0.1 0.0 0.0 –0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

- France
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.3 –0.7 –0.4 –0.8 –0.7 –0.2 –1.8 –0.5 –1.8 –1.6 –1.0
  - Current Account Balance: –0.3 –0.7 –0.5 –0.8 –0.8 –0.3 –1.9 –0.9 –1.8 –1.7 –1.1
  - Savings: 22.4 21.9 22.1 22.7 23.0 24.1 21.8 24.1 23.2 23.1 23.3
  - Investment: 22.7 22.6 22.6 23.4 23.9 24.4 23.7 25.0 25.0 24.8 24.3
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1

- Italy
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.4 –0.7 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 3.7 3.3 2.4 3.3 3.4
  - Current Account Balance: –1.4 –0.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.2 3.7 3.3 1.8 2.4 2.8
  - Savings: 19.0 18.1 20.2 20.6 21.1 21.5 21.5 23.3 21.8 21.8 22.1
  - Investment: 20.4 18.9 17.6 18.1 18.5 18.2 17.7 20.0 20.0 19.4 19.2
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.1 0.1 –0.2 0.1 0.0 –0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.5

- Spain
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.3 –1.2 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9
  - Current Account Balance: –4.8 –1.7 3.2 2.8 1.9 2.1 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.4 1.3
  - Savings: 20.1 19.2 21.9 22.2 22.4 23.0 21.5 22.4 21.5 21.8 22.3
  - Investment: 24.9 20.9 18.8 19.4 20.5 20.9 20.7 21.5 21.5 21.4 21.0
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.5

- Japan
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.8 2.1 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.3 2.6 3.1
  - Current Account Balance: 2.9 2.1 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.7 3.1
  - Savings: 27.6 26.3 28.8 29.3 29.1 29.3 28.4 28.1 27.7 27.9 28.2
  - Investment: 24.7 24.2 24.8 25.2 25.6 25.8 25.4 25.2 25.4 25.2 25.0
  - Capital Account Balance: –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 –0.1 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1

- United Kingdom
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –3.1 –3.9 –5.4 –3.7 –4.0 –2.7 –2.6 –2.7 –5.5 –4.9 –3.8
  - Current Account Balance: –3.1 –3.8 –5.3 –3.6 –3.9 –2.7 –2.5 –2.6 –5.5 –4.8 –3.7
  - Savings: 13.6 12.5 12.4 14.6 14.0 15.3 14.2 14.5 12.1 12.4 13.8
  - Investment: 16.7 16.4 17.7 18.2 17.9 18.0 16.7 17.1 17.6 17.2 17.4
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1

- Canada
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.9 –2.7 –3.1 –2.8 –2.4 –2.0 –1.8 0.1 1.1 –0.1 –1.3
  - Current Account Balance: –0.9 –2.7 –3.1 –2.8 –2.4 –2.0 –1.8 0.1 1.1 –0.1 –1.3
  - Savings: 22.6 21.3 19.7 20.7 21.0 21.0 20.5 23.8 24.5 23.8 23.1
  - Investment: 23.5 24.0 22.8 23.6 23.4 23.1 22.3 23.7 23.4 23.9 24.4
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

- Other Advanced Economies (excluding G7 and euro area)
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 4.0 4.2 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.7 7.1 6.0 5.3 4.8
  - Current Account Balance: 4.0 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.7 5.6 7.2 5.9 5.3 4.8
  - Savings: 30.4 30.4 30.4 30.7 30.3 30.1 31.5 33.1 32.5 31.8 31.1
  - Investment: 26.2 25.8 25.1 25.7 25.7 25.3 25.6 25.4 25.9 26.0 25.9
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.0 –0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 –0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate)
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.4 1.2 –0.2 0.0 –0.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.2
  - Current Account Balance: 2.3 1.1 –0.3 –0.1 –0.2 0.0 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.1
  - Savings: 32.0 32.5 31.0 31.5 32.4 32.2 32.8 33.4 34.6 34.5 34.1
  - Investment: 30.0 31.7 31.5 31.9 32.9 32.5 32.8 32.7 33.2 33.7 34.1
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

### Table A14 — Regional groups and analytical groups (select highlights)
- Emerging and Developing Asia
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.3 2.2 1.3 0.9 –0.3 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1
  - Current Account Balance: 3.2 2.2 1.3 0.9 –0.3 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1
  - Savings: 42.0 42.9 39.9 40.1 39.9 39.5 40.1 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.1
  - Investment: 39.0 40.7 38.6 39.2 40.2 39.0 38.6 38.5 39.3 39.8 40.0

- Emerging and Developing Europe
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.4 –0.4 0.1 –0.2 2.2 1.8 0.7 2.2 3.9 2.4 0.7
  - Current Account Balance: –0.6 –0.7 –0.3 –0.5 1.7 1.3 0.0 1.7 3.2 1.7 0.2
  - Savings: 23.2 23.3 23.5 24.1 25.5 24.2 23.7 25.9 25.5 23.8 22.9
  - Investment: 23.6 23.8 23.7 24.6 23.6 22.8 23.7 24.2 22.2 22.0 22.7

- Latin America and the Caribbean
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.6 –2.1 –2.0 –1.7 –2.6 –2.0 0.0 –1.6 –1.2 –1.2 –1.4
  - Current Account Balance: –0.7 –2.2 –2.0 –1.7 –2.7 –2.1 –0.2 –1.6 –1.2 –1.2 –1.4
  - Savings: 21.0 19.6 16.6 16.3 16.5 16.8 17.1 17.9 19.7 19.7 19.8
  - Investment: 21.7 22.0 18.3 18.3 19.3 19.2 18.9 20.0 20.5 20.7 21.1

- Middle East and Central Asia
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 9.0 6.4 –3.9 –1.1 2.7 0.5 –2.3 3.0 8.2 5.6 2.4
  - Current Account Balance: 9.2 6.3 –4.1 –1.1 2.9 0.5 –2.5 3.0 8.3 5.6 2.4
  - Savings: 35.9 33.8 23.5 26.1 28.9 28.1 25.9 30.6 35.6 33.1 30.3
  - Investment: 28.2 29.1 28.9 29.3 28.4 30.2 30.6 28.7 28.1 28.3 28.5

- Sub-Saharan Africa
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.4 –1.4 –3.2 –1.8 –1.9 –2.8 –2.5 –0.7 –1.3 –2.1 –2.2
  - Current Account Balance: 0.2 –2.1 –3.6 –2.2 –2.3 –3.2 –3.0 –1.1 –1.7 –2.5 –2.5
  - Savings: 20.6 19.5 17.7 18.4 19.3 19.6 20.3 20.3 19.4 18.9 18.8
  - Investment: 20.5 21.5 21.0 20.5 21.3 22.9 23.2 21.4 21.1 21.4 21.3
  - Capital Account Balance: 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

### Table A14 — Analytical groups: export earnings and external financing source
- By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel exporters
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 12.0 8.0 –2.8 1.0 5.2 1.9 –2.1 4.3 10.4 7.2 3.5
  - Current Account Balance: 12.2 8.1 –2.9 1.2 5.4 2.0 –2.3 4.4 10.6 7.3 3.5
  - Savings: 38.6 35.1 24.2 27.1 31.6 30.8 27.8 33.8 39.4 36.3 32.2
  - Investment: 27.9 29.0 27.6 28.4 28.6 31.5 33.5 30.6 29.4 29.4 29.2

- Nonfuel exporters
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.9 0.1 0.1 –0.1 –0.7 –0.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 –0.3
  - Current Account Balance: 0.7 0.0 0.0 –0.2 –0.8 –0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 –0.3
  - Savings: 30.9 32.0 31.9 32.0 32.5 32.3 33.4 33.3 33.9 34.2 34.3
  - Investment: 30.3 32.2 32.0 32.3 32.3 32.6 32.7 32.9 33.7 34.3 34.7

- By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.7 –2.5 –1.9 –2.0 –2.4 –1.8 –0.5 –1.7 –1.9 –1.9 –1.9
  - Current Account Balance: –2.0 –2.8 –2.1 –2.2 –2.7 –2.0 –0.8 –1.9 –2.1 –2.1 –2.1
  - Savings: 23.3 23.0 22.1 22.2 22.5 22.4 22.7 22.8 23.0 23.2 23.6
  - Investment: 25.4 25.7 24.2 24.5 25.2 24.6 23.7 24.8 25.3 25.4 25.8
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

- Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2016–20
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.3 –3.6 –6.0 –5.0 –3.9 –3.9 –2.1 –2.1 . . . . .
  - Current Account Balance: –2.2 –4.3 –6.3 –5.5 –4.3 –4.2 –2.7 –2.4 . . . . .
  - Savings: 21.0 19.0 15.2 16.3 17.7 16.8 14.7 15.2 . . . . .
  - Investment: 23.3 23.1 21.9 22.5 22.0 21.9 18.1 17.9 . . . . .
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 . . . . .

- Note: Table A14 estimates are based on individual countries’ national accounts and balance of payments statistics; composites are sums of US dollar values for relevant countries. Accounting identity relations cited: S − I = CAB; NLB = CAB + KAB.

### Table A15 — Summary of World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Annual percent change, percent, percent of GDP)
- World Real GDP (Annual percent change / Averages)
  - Averages 2004–13: 4.1
  - 2014–23: 3.0
  - 2020: –3.1
  - 2021: 6.1
  - 2022: 3.6
  - 2023: 3.6
  - 2020–23 average: 2.5
  - 2024–27 average: 3.3

- Advanced Economies — Real GDP
  - Averages 2004–13: 1.6
  - 2014–23: 1.9
  - 2020: –4.5
  - 2021: 5.2
  - 2022: 3.3
  - 2023: 2.4
  - 2020–23 average: 1.5
  - 2024–27 average: 1.7

- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Real GDP
  - Averages 2004–13: 6.4
  - 2014–23: 3.9
  - 2020: –2.0
  - 2021: 6.8
  - 2022: 3.8
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2020–23 average: 3.2
  - 2024–27 average: 4.5

- Potential Output — Major Advanced Economies
  - 2004–13: 1.6
  - 2014–23: 1.3
  - 2020: –1.3
  - 2021: 2.4
  - 2022: 1.9
  - 2023: 2.0
  - 2020–23 average: 1.2
  - 2024–27 average: 1.6

- World Trade, Volume (goods and services)
  - Averages 2004–13: 5.4
  - 2014–23: 3.0
  - 2020: –7.9
  - 2021: 10.1
  - 2022: 5.0
  - 2023: 4.4
  - 2020–23 average: 2.7
  - 2024–27 average: 3.7

- Imports — Advanced Economies (annual percent change)
  - 2004–13: 3.7
  - 2014–23: 3.2
  - 2020: –8.7
  - 2021: 9.5
  - 2022: 6.1
  - 2023: 4.5
  - 2020–23 average: 2.6
  - 2024–27 average: 3.0

- Imports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies
  - 2004–13: 9.1
  - 2014–23: 2.8
  - 2020: –7.9
  - 2021: 11.8
  - 2022: 3.9
  - 2023: 4.8
  - 2020–23 average: 2.9
  - 2024–27 average: 4.8

- Exports — Advanced Economies
  - 2004–13: 4.5
  - 2014–23: 2.8
  - 2020: –9.1
  - 2021: 8.6
  - 2022: 5.0
  - 2023: 4.7
  - 2020–23 average: 2.1
  - 2024–27 average: 3.2

- Exports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies
  - 2004–13: 7.4
  - 2014–23: 3.4
  - 2020: –4.8
  - 2021: 12.3
  - 2022: 4.1
  - 2023: 3.6
  - 2020–23 average: 3.6
  - 2024–27 average: 4.3

- Terms of Trade
  - Advanced Economies: –0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 –1.1 0.3 0.2 0.3
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 1.5 –0.4 –1.2 1.4 1.9 –1.0 0.2 –0.5

- World Prices in US Dollars
  - Manufactures: 2.6 0.8 –3.2 6.8 8.8 2.9 3.7 1.5
  - Oil: 13.7 –1.2 –32.7 67.3 54.7 –13.3 10.8 –5.9
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.4 2.2 6.8 26.8 11.4 –2.5 10.1 –0.4

- Consumer Prices
  - Advanced Economies: 2.0 1.9 0.7 3.1 5.7 2.5 3.0 1.9
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.9 8.7 6.5 6.6 4.5

- Interest Rates — World Real Long-Term Interest Rate (GDP-weighted average of 10-year or nearest-maturity government bond rates for Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States)
  - 2004–13: 1.3
  - 2014–23: –0.6
  - 2020: –0.3
  - 2021: –2.5
  - 2022: –4.4
  - 2023: –0.4
  - 2020–23 average: –1.9
  - 2024–27 average: 0.5

- Current Account Balances (percent of GDP)
  - Advanced Economies: –0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 –0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.1

- Total External Debt (Emerging Market and Developing Economies)
  - 2004–13: 27.5
  - 2014–23: 30.1
  - 2020: 32.6
  - 2021: 30.7
  - 2022: 28.1
  - 2023: 27.2
  - 2020–23 average: 29.7
  - 2024–27 average: 25.8

- Debt Service (Emerging Market and Developing Economies)
  - 2004–13: 9.3
  - 2014–23: 10.8
  - 2020: 11.3
  - 2021: 10.6
  - 2022: 10.0
  - 2023: 9.7
  - 2020–23 average: 10.4
  - 2024–27 average: 9.3

*Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook: April 2022 — Statistical Appendix (Section 5).*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2022/april/english/statapp-tables-a.pdf_