## tablea ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [tablea](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2022/october/english/tablea.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2022/october/english/tablea.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2022/october/english/tablea.pdf.json) --- ### Summary of World Output (selected aggregates and projections) - World real GDP: 2020: –3.0; 2021: 6.0; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 2.7; 2027: 3.2 - Advanced Economies real GDP: 2020: –4.4; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 2.4; 2023: 1.1; 2027: 1.7 - United States real GDP: 2020: –3.4; 2021: 5.7; 2022: 1.6; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 1.9 - Euro Area real GDP: 2020: –6.1; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 3.1; 2023: 0.5; 2027: 1.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies real GDP: 2020: –1.9; 2021: 6.6; 2022: 3.7; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 4.3 - Regional highlights (selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2020: –0.6; 2021: 7.2; 2022: 4.4; 2023: 4.9; 2027: 5.1 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2020: –7.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.7; 2027: 2.4 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2020: –1.7; 2021: 6.8; 2022: 0.0; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 2.2 - Middle East and Central Asia: 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.5; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.6; 2027: 3.7 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 2020: –1.6; 2021: 4.7; 2022: 3.6; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 4.4 - Analytical group (selected): - Fuel exporters: 2020: –0.1; 2021: –4.3; 2022: 4.1; 2023: 4.5; 2027: 2.8 - Nonfuel exporters: 2020: –1.6; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.6; 2023: 3.8; 2027: 4.4 - Memorandum—Value of world output: - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 61,996 79,429 74,944 76,211 81,036 86,210 87,654 85,441 97,076 101,561 106,182 131,631 - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 84,757 109,595 111,857 116,169 122,351 129,709 135,641 132,936 146,608 161,450 171,549 210,591 ### Advanced Economies: output, domestic demand, and components - Advanced Economies (Q4 over Q4) real GDP: 2020: –4.4; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 2.4; 2023: 1.1; 2027: 1.3 - Major Advanced Economies (mem.): 2020: –4.8; 2021: 5.1; 2022: 2.0; 2023: 0.8; 2027: 0.9 - Real Total Domestic Demand, Advanced Economies: 2020: –4.3; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 2.9; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 1.7 - United States total domestic demand: 2020: –3.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 2.3; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 0.7 - Euro Area total domestic demand: 2020: –5.8; 2021: 4.1; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 0.7; 2027: 1.9 - Japan total domestic demand: 2020: –3.8; 2021: 0.6; 2022: 1.9; 2023: 1.3; 2027: 1.1 - Components of GDP (Advanced Economies, selected): - Private Consumer Expenditure (Advanced Economies): 2020: –5.8; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.2 - Public Consumption (Advanced Economies): 2020: 1.8; 2021: 3.4; 2022: 0.9; 2023: 0.7 - Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Advanced Economies): 2020: –3.5; 2021: 5.6; 2022: 1.7; 2023: 1.3 - Final Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies): 2020: –3.9; 2021: 5.0; 2022: 2.6; 2023: 1.1 - Other GDP accounting entries (changes as percent of GDP): - Stock Building (Advanced Economies): 2020: –0.1; 2021: 0.3; 2022: 0.3; 2023: –0.1 - Foreign Balance (Advanced Economies): 2020: –0.1; 2021: –0.4; 2022: 0.2; 2023: –0.1 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: country and regional growth - Emerging and Developing Asia (aggregate): 2020: –0.6; 2021: 7.2; 2022: 4.4; 2023: 4.9; 2027: 5.1 - China: 2020: 2.2; 2021: 8.1; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 4.4; 2027: 4.6 - India (note in source): 2020: –6.6; 2021: 8.7; 2022: 6.8; 2023: 6.1; 2027: 6.2 - Indonesia: 2020: –2.1; 2021: 3.7; 2022: 5.3; 2023: 5.0; 2027: 5.1 - Vietnam: 2020: 2.9; 2021: 6.7; 2022: 7.0; 2023: 6.2; 2027: 6.8 - Emerging and Developing Europe (aggregate): 2020: –1.7; 2021: 6.8; 2022: 0.0; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 2.2 - Poland: 2020: –2.2; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 3.8; 2023: 0.5; 2027: 3.1 - Russia: 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.7; 2022: –3.4; 2023: –2.3; 2027: 0.7 - Türkiye: 2020: 0.8; 2021: 11.4; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.0; 2027: 3.0 - Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate): 2020: –7.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.7; 2027: 2.4 - Brazil: 2020: –3.9; 2021: 4.6; 2022: 2.8; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 2.0 - Mexico: 2020: –0.2; 2021: –8.1; 2022: 4.8; 2023: 2.1; 2027: 2.1 - Colombia: 2020: –7.0; 2021: 10.7; 2022: 7.6; 2023: 2.2; 2027: 3.3 - Middle East and Central Asia (aggregate): 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.5; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.6; 2027: 3.7 - Saudi Arabia: 2020: –0.7; 2021: 3.2; 2022: 7.6; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 3.0 - Iraq: 2020: –15.7; 2021: 7.7; 2022: 9.3; 2023: 4.0; 2027: 2.7 - Selected small and low-income country entries: - Guyana: 2020: 43.5; 2021: 23.8; 2022: 57.8; 2023: 25.2; 2027: 3.3 - Maldives: 2020: –33.5; 2021: 37.0; 2022: 8.7; 2023: 6.1; 2027: 5.6 - Fiji: 2020: –17.0; 2021: –5.1; 2022: 12.5; 2023: 6.9; 2027: 3.5 ### Memoranda and per-capita measures - Median Growth Rate, Advanced Economies: 2020: –4.2; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 3.1; 2023: 1.5; 2027: 1.9 - Median Growth Rate, Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2020: –3.5; 2021: 4.3; 2022: 3.7; 2023: 3.5; 2027: 3.5 - Output per Capita (at PPP), World: - Advanced Economies per capita: 2020: –4.9; 2021: 5.1; 2022: 2.2; 2023: 0.9; 2027: 1.4 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies per capita: 2020: –3.2; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 2.7; 2023: 2.6; 2027: 3.1 ### Inflation and consumer prices - GDP Deflators — Advanced Economies (annual percent change): 1.6; 1.4; 1.3; 1.0; 1.5; 1.7; 1.5; 1.5; 2.9; 5.5; 3.7; 1.8 - United States (GDP deflators): 2.1; 1.9; 1.0; 1.0; 1.9; 2.4; 1.8; 1.2; 4.2; 7.1; 3.6; 1.9 - Euro Area (GDP deflators): 1.6; 0.9; 1.4; 0.9; 1.1; 1.5; 1.7; 1.7; 2.1; 4.3; 4.4; 1.9 - Consumer Prices — Aggregates (annual percent change): - Advanced Economies (consumer prices): 2.0; 1.4; 0.3; 0.8; 1.7; 2.0; 1.4; 0.7; 3.1; 7.2; 4.4; 1.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (consumer prices): 6.3; 4.7; 4.7; 4.4; 4.5; 5.0; 5.1; 5.1; 5.9; 9.9; 8.1; 4.3 - Regional consumer price highlights (annual percent change): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.0; 3.5; 2.7; 2.8; 2.5; 2.7; 3.3; 3.1; 2.2; 4.1; 3.6; 2.8 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.9; 4.9; 5.4; 5.5; 6.3; 6.6; 7.7; 6.4; 9.8; 14.1; 11.4; 5.7 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.6; 6.4; 6.7; 10.2; 10.7; 8.3; 8.2; 10.2; 11.1; 14.4; 11.9; 6.9 ### Advanced Economies: end-of-period consumer prices (selected) - Advanced Economies (end of period averages): 2.0; 1.4; 0.3; 0.8; 1.7; 2.0; 1.4; 0.7; 3.1; 7.2; 4.4; 1.9 - United States (end of period): 2.4; 1.6; 0.1; 1.3; 2.1; 2.4; 1.8; 1.2; 4.7; 8.1; 3.5; 2.0 - Euro Area (HICP, end of period): 2.0; 0.4; 0.2; 0.2; 1.5; 1.8; 1.2; 0.3; 2.6; 8.3; 5.7; 1.8 - Selected major advanced economies (end of period): - Japan: –0.1; 2.8; 2.1; 0.4; –0.1; 0.0; 0.6; 0.9; –0.9; 0.3; 0.6; 0.3 - United Kingdom: 2.7; 1.5; 0.0; 0.7; 2.7; 2.5; 1.8; 0.9; 2.6; 9.1; 2.0; 5.4 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: end-of-period consumer prices (selected) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.0; 3.5; 2.7; 2.8; 2.5; 2.7; 3.3; 3.1; 2.2; 4.1; 3.6; 2.8 - China: 3.1; 2.0; 1.4; 2.0; 1.6; 2.1; 2.9; 2.4; 0.9; 2.2; 2.2; 1.8 - India: 8.2; 5.8; 4.9; 4.5; 3.6; 3.4; 4.8; 6.2; 5.5; 6.9; 5.1; 4.0 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.1; 6.5; 10.6; 5.5; 5.6; 6.4; 6.6; 5.3; 9.5; 27.8; 19.4; 6.7 - Türkiye (selected): 8.3; 8.9; 7.7; 7.8; 11.1; 16.3; 15.2; 12.3; 19.6; 73.1; 51.2; 15.0 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.9; 4.9; 5.4; 5.5; 6.3; 6.6; 7.7; 6.4; 9.8; 14.1; 11.4; 6.9 - Brazil: 5.5; 6.3; 9.0; 8.7; 3.4; 3.7; 3.7; 3.2; 8.3; 9.4; 4.7; 4.0 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.6; 6.4; 6.7; 10.2; 10.7; 8.3; 8.2; 10.2; 11.1; 14.4; 11.9; 6.9 - Nigeria (selected): 11.5; 8.0; 9.0; 15.7; 16.5; 12.1; 11.4; 13.2; 17.0; 18.9; 17.3; 11.5 ### Fiscal balances and debt — Major Advanced Economies (selected) - Major Advanced Economies (Averages/Projections) - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.3; –3.6; –3.0; –3.3; –3.2; –3.3; –3.6; –11.9; –8.7; –4.4; –4.6; –4.9 - Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –2.3; –2.8; –2.0; –1.7; –0.8; –0.1; 0.2; –3.4; –0.6; –0.3; –0.9; –0.1 - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.2; –2.5; –2.2; –2.7; –2.9; –3.2; –3.6; –8.2; –7.2; –4.3; –4.2; –4.7 - United States - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.5; –4.0; –3.5; –4.4; –4.6; –5.3; –5.5; –14.5; –10.9; –4.0; –5.7; –7.1 - Output Gap: –3.7; –4.0; –2.5; –2.1; –1.3; 0.0; 0.7; –3.2; 0.5; 0.0; –0.8; –0.3 - Structural Balance: –4.5; –2.7; –2.5; –3.6; –4.1; –5.1; –5.7; –10.8; –9.5; –4.0; –5.3; –6.8 - Net Debt: 60.6; 81.1; 80.9; 81.9; 80.3; 81.2; 83.0; 99.1; 99.6; 94.7; 96.9; 112.0 - Gross Debt: 82.3; 104.6; 105.2; 107.2; 106.2; 107.5; 108.8; 134.5; 128.1; 122.1; 122.9; 134.9 - Euro Area (composite) - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3; –2.5; –2.0; –1.5; –0.9; –0.4; –0.7; –7.0; –5.1; –3.8; –3.3; –2.5 - Output Gap: –0.5; –2.9; –2.3; –1.7; –0.6; –0.1; 0.0; –4.5; –1.9; –0.3; –0.8; 0.1 - Structural Balance: –3.0; –0.7; –0.5; –0.5; –0.5; –0.3; –0.5; –4.3; –3.8; –3.5; –2.9; –2.6 - Net Debt: 62.8; 76.3; 75.1; 74.6; 72.5; 70.7; 69.1; 79.4; 78.6; 76.7; 75.2; 75.2 - Gross Debt: 78.2; 93.1; 91.2; 90.4; 87.9; 85.9; 83.8; 96.8; 95.3; 93.0; 91.3; 87.8 - Select countries (key lines only) - Germany: Net Lending/Borrowing –1.7; 0.6; 1.0; 1.2; 1.3; 1.9; 1.5; –4.3; –3.7; –3.3; –2.5; –0.5. Net Debt: 57.5; 54.9; 52.2; 49.3; 45.4; 42.6; 40.4; 45.8; 47.0; 47.7; 47.8; 44.1 - France: Net Lending/Borrowing –4.4; –3.9; –3.6; –3.6; –3.0; –2.3; –3.1; –8.9; –6.4; –5.1; –5.6; –5.0. Net Debt: 67.4; 85.5; 86.3; 89.2; 89.4; 89.2; 88.9; 102.3; 101.1; 100.3; 101.0; 106.9 - Italy: Net Lending/Borrowing –3.4; –3.0; –2.6; –2.4; –2.4; –2.2; –1.5; –9.6; –7.2; –5.4; –3.9; –3.0. Net Debt: 104.3; 121.4; 122.2; 121.6; 121.3; 121.8; 121.7; 141.8; 138.3; 135.4; 135.6; 132.3 - Japan: Net Lending/Borrowing –6.3; –5.6; –3.7; –3.6; –3.1; –2.5; –3.0; –9.0; –6.7; –7.9; –3.6; –2.6. Net Debt: 115.7; 145.1; 144.6; 149.6; 148.1; 151.0; 151.5; 162.6; 168.1; 172.6; 172.4; 175.1. Gross Debt (nonconsolidated basis): 195.1; 233.5; 228.4; 232.5; 231.4; 232.3; 236.3; 259.4; 262.5; 263.9; 261.1; 263.4 - United Kingdom: Net Lending/Borrowing –5.6; –5.5; –4.5; –3.3; –2.4; –2.2; –2.2; –12.8; –8.0; –4.3; –2.3; –1.0. Net Debt: 52.9; 77.3; 77.6; 76.9; 75.7; 74.8; 74.1; 90.2; 84.3; 75.3; 68.5; 56.5 - Canada: Net Lending/Borrowing –1.0; 0.2; –0.1; –0.5; –0.1; 0.4; 0.0; –11.4; –5.0; –2.2; –1.2; –0.5. Net Debt (includes equity shares): 26.5; 28.5; 28.6; 28.5; 25.8; 25.7; 23.1; 33.6; 31.6; 30.5; 30.3; 27.3 - Notes (as presented) include comparability caveats on debt data, treatment of unfunded pension liabilities, percent of potential GDP definitions, and reporting adjustments. ### World trade volumes and prices (Table A9 highlights) - Trade in Goods and Services (World) - Volume (World Trade): 5.4; 2.8; 3.8; 2.9; 2.3; 5.7; 4.1; 0.9; –7.8; 10.1; 4.3; 2.5 - Price Deflator in US Dollars: 4.1; 0.4; –1.8; –13.3; –4.0; 4.3; 5.4; –2.4; –2.2; 12.7; 7.0; 0.3 - Price Deflator in SDRs: 3.2; 1.7; –1.7; –5.9; –3.4; 4.5; 3.2; 0.0; –3.0; 10.2; 13.3; 1.5 - Volume of Trade — Exports (select groups): - Advanced Economies: 4.5; 2.5; 3.8; 3.7; 2.0; 5.1; 3.6; 1.2; –9.0; 8.7; 4.2; 2.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 7.4; 3.2; 3.4; 1.9; 2.8; 6.4; 4.3; 0.5; –4.8; 11.8; 3.3; 2.9 - World Trade Prices in US Dollars (select categories): - Manufactures: 2.6; 1.1; –0.5; –3.0; –5.2; 0.1; 2.0; 0.4; –3.2; 6.8; 10.2; 3.9 - Oil: 13.6; –1.9; –9.2; –46.0; –15.0; 22.3; 25.1; –7.5; –31.7; 65.9; 41.4; –12.9 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.3; 1.4; –5.8; –17.0; –0.3; 6.4; 1.3; 0.6; 6.5; 26.3; 7.3; –6.2 - Food: 5.8; 1.3; –1.6; –16.9; 1.5; 3.8; –1.2; –3.1; 1.7; 26.1; 14.2; –5.8 - Memorandum (World exports in billions of US dollars): - World exports of goods and services: 17,869; 25,022; 23,799; 21,127; 20,752; 22,884; 25,072; 24,653; 22,260; 27,663; 30,593; 31,416 - Goods: 14,190; 19,305; 18,643; 16,202; 15,746; 17,458; 19,106; 18,540; 17,212; 21,772; 24,020; 24,355 ### Current accounts (levels and percent of GDP) - Table A10 — Current Account Balances (Billions of US dollars, selected): - World advanced-economies aggregate: 225.5; 273.0; 369.3; 489.3; 398.6; 379.3; 179.9; 339.4; –370.9; –170.2; 236.6 - United States (billions USD): –370.1; –408.5; –396.2; –361.0; –439.8; –446.0; –619.7; –846.4; –985.3; –822.9; –701.4 - Euro Area (billions USD): 316.9; 313.5; 364.0; 402.1; 398.0; 311.1; 247.7; 356.9; 137.3; 194.7; 424.8 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (billions USD): 161.4; –76.1; –99.4; –21.9; –55.4; –3.4; 157.8; 343.8; 598.0; 492.3; –108.2 - Table A10/A11 — Current Account Balances (Percent of GDP, selected): - Advanced Economies (aggregate): 0.5; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 0.8; 0.7; 0.4; 0.6; –0.6; –0.3; 0.3 - United States: –2.1; –2.2; –2.1; –1.9; –2.1; –2.1; –3.0; –3.7; –3.9; –3.1; –2.3 - Euro Area (percent of GDP): 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.2; 2.9; 2.3; 1.9; 2.5; 1.0; 1.4; 2.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (percent of GDP): 0.5; –0.3; –0.3; –0.1; –0.2; 0.0; 0.5; 0.8; 1.3; 1.0; –0.2 - Regional percent-of-GDP highlights (selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 1.5; 1.9; 1.3; 0.9; –0.3; 0.5; 1.5; 1.0; 0.7; 0.6; –0.1 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –3.2; –3.4; –2.1; –1.7; –2.7; –2.0; –0.2; –1.6; –1.7; –1.4; –1.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 4.9; –3.9; –4.1; –1.1; 2.8; 0.4; –2.5; 2.3; 6.5; 5.2; 1.2 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Current Account Balance (percent of GDP) — selected country highlights - China: 2.2; 2.6; 1.7; 1.5; 0.2; 0.7; 1.7; 1.8; 1.8; 1.5; 0.6 - India: –1.3; –1.0; –0.6; –1.8; –2.1; –0.9; 0.9; –1.2; –3.5; –2.9; –2.6 - Russia: 2.8; 5.0; 1.9; 2.0; 7.0; 3.9; 2.4; 6.9; 12.2; 11.1; 3.3 - Saudi Arabia: 9.8; –8.7; –3.7; 1.5; 8.8; 4.8; –3.2; 5.3; 16.0; 12.3; 3.5 - Brazil: –4.1; –3.0; –1.4; –1.1; –2.7; –3.5; –1.7; –1.7; –1.5; –1.6; –2.0 - Mexico: –1.9; –2.6; –2.2; –1.7; –2.0; –0.3; 2.5; –0.4; –1.2; –1.2; –0.9 ### Financial account balances and reserves (selected aggregates) - Summary of Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars): - Advanced Economies: 304.5; 282.5; 433.4; 433.4; 480.2; 155.9; 29.7; 465.8; –307.8; –116.3 - Direct Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 244.1; 3.2; –246.5; 355.4; –53.0; 4.3; 49.8; 501.8; 250.4; 81.3 - Portfolio Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 57.8; 164.1; 486.8; –10.1; 506.7; 57.3; 183.2; 288.5; –285.6; –198.9 - Change in Reserves (Advanced Economies): 140.0; 226.6; 178.5; 244.8; 127.9; 66.9; 357.8; 627.7; 21.0; 89.7 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): –1.8; –313.0; –424.2; –284.3; –258.7; –146.0; 57.7; 152.2; 653.8; 522.3 - Direct Investment, Net (EMDEs): –433.4; –345.2; –261.6; –311.4; –376.8; –367.0; –327.4; –514.9; –354.5; –351.8 - Portfolio Investment, Net (EMDEs): –88.4; 124.6; –57.4; –209.3; –102.0; –62.4; 4.8; 114.6; 389.9; 47.5 - Other Investment, Net (EMDEs): 408.0; 479.5; 384.8; 62.3; 104.1; 119.8; 275.4; 36.0; 719.5; 467.1 - Change in Reserves (EMDEs): 94.2; –583.1; –481.1; 189.9; 127.0; 169.0; 83.3; 523.6; –101.6; 363.4 - Regional group summaries (Financial Account Balance, Billions of US dollars): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 142.2; 61.2; –37.8; –68.9; –270.6; –62.6; 145.4; 62.2; 203.6; 176.7 - Change in Reserves: 196.3; –333.0; –384.6; 199.2; 22.2; 97.0; 167.4; 257.1; –246.6; 156.1 - Emerging and Developing Europe: –26.2; 68.6; 10.5; –23.0; 109.9; 63.1; 11.7; 95.7; 170.2; 150.5 - Change in Reserves: –122.7; –7.9; 35.5; 16.2; 47.6; 93.3; –3.2; 136.3; –69.6; –6.6 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –196.2; –188.7; –106.5; –108.6; –160.5; –119.8; 0.5; –93.3; –98.1; –85.4 - Change in Reserves: 39.7; –28.8; 21.0; 17.1; 13.8; –32.7; 16.4; 49.1; 10.5; 13.8 - Middle East and Central Asia: 156.9; –186.2; –225.5; –38.9; 103.8; 27.7; –78.8; 98.4; 401.2; 326.0 - Change in Reserves: –10.1; –196.8; –148.3; –58.4; 38.6; 5.2; –87.7; 54.5; 213.1; 199.2 - Sub-Saharan Africa: –78.5; –68.0; –64.8; –44.9; –41.3; –54.4; –21.1; –10.8; –23.2; –45.5 - Change in Reserves: –9.1; –16.5; –4.6; 15.9; 4.7; 6.2; –9.6; 26.6; –9.0; 1.0 - Analytical group examples: - Fuel economies (Financial Account Balance): 180.0; –182.6; –189.7; 12.0; 173.9; 67.9; –51.5; 151.6; 484.1; 388.7 - Change in Reserves (Fuel): –35.5; –234.4; –164.5; –66.9; 49.9; 7.8; –89.2; 55.8; 236.7; 184.5 - Nonfuel economies (Financial Account Balance): –181.8; –130.4; –234.5; –296.3; –432.6; –213.9; 109.2; 0.7; 169.7; 133.6 - Change in Reserves (Nonfuel): 129.7; –348.7; –316.5; 256.8; 77.0; 161.2; 172.5; 467.9; –338.2; 178.9 ### Net lending and borrowing, savings, investment (selected groups; percent of GDP) - Advanced Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.5; 0.0; 0.8; 1.0; 0.7; 0.6; 0.3; 0.7; –0.6; –0.2; 0.2 - United States — Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.0; –2.8; –2.2; –1.8; –2.2; –2.1; –3.0; –3.7; –4.0; –3.2; –2.5 - Savings (United States): 16.9; 17.2; 18.9; 19.5; 19.6; 19.4; 19.2; 20.1; 21.1; 21.5; 21.9 - Investment (United States): 20.9; 19.8; 20.6; 20.8; 21.1; 21.4; 21.2; 21.4; 22.0; 21.8; 21.8 - Euro Area — Current Account Balance: 0.1; 0.7; 3.0; 3.2; 2.9; 2.3; 1.9; 2.5; 1.0; 1.4; 2.3 - Savings (Euro Area): 22.7; 22.5; 24.3; 24.9; 25.4; 25.9; 25.0; 26.6; 24.7; 24.5; 25.0 - Investment (Euro Area): 21.8; 20.8; 20.7; 21.3; 21.9; 22.9; 22.3; 23.0; 23.2; 22.5; 22.2 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.4; 1.2; –0.3; 0.0; –0.1; 0.1; 0.6; 0.9; 1.3; 1.0; 0.2 - Savings (EMDEs): 32.0; 32.5; 31.2; 31.7; 32.4; 32.1; 33.0; 34.0; 35.4; 35.0; 34.4 - Investment (EMDEs): 29.8; 31.5; 31.5; 31.8; 32.7; 32.3; 32.6; 33.3; 34.3; 34.2; 34.3 - Regional and analytical group percent-of-GDP series for Net Lending and Borrowing, Savings, Investment are provided in tables (selected highlights reproduced above). ### World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Table A15 — projections) - World Real GDP (Annual Percent Change): 4.1; 2.9; –3.0; 6.0; 3.2; 2.7; 2.2; 3.3 - Advanced Economies (Annual Percent Change): 1.6; 1.7; –4.4; 5.2; 2.4; 1.1; 1.0; 1.8 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Annual Percent Change): 6.4; 3.8; –1.9; 6.6; 3.7; 3.7; 3.0; 4.3 - Memorandum indicators: - Potential Output, Major Advanced Economies: 1.5; 1.2; –1.2; 2.1; 1.7; 1.4; 1.0; 1.4 - World Trade, Volume (Annual Percent Change): 5.4; 2.8; –7.8; 10.1; 4.3; 2.5; 2.1; 3.6 - Imports — Advanced Economies: 3.7; 3.0; –8.4; 9.5; 6.0; 2.0; 2.1; 2.9 - Imports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.1; 2.5; –7.8; 11.8; 2.4; 3.0; 2.1; 4.8 - Terms of Trade: Advanced Economies: –0.4; 0.3; 0.9; 0.6; –1.5; 0.5; 0.1; 0.3; Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 1.5; –0.6; –1.1; 1.7; 0.8; –1.7; –0.1; –0.6 - World Prices in US Dollars (selected): - Manufactures: 2.6; 1.1; –3.2; 6.8; 10.2; 3.9; 4.3; 1.7 - Oil: 13.6; –1.9; –31.7; 65.9; 41.4; –12.9; 8.7; –4.5 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.3; 1.4; 6.5; 26.3; 7.3; –6.2; 7.9; –0.2 - Consumer Prices (Annual Percent Change): - Advanced Economies: 2.0; 2.3; 0.7; 3.1; 7.2; 4.4; 3.8; 2.0 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.3; 5.7; 5.1; 5.9; 9.9; 8.1; 7.2; 4.6 - Interest Rates: - World Real Long-Term Interest Rate (Percent): 1.3; –0.7; –0.3; –2.5; –5.1; –1.1; –2.2; 0.8 - Current Account Balances (Percent of GDP): - Advanced Economies: –0.5; 0.4; 0.4; 0.6; –0.6; –0.3; 0.0; 0.2 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2.4; 0.3; 0.5; 0.8; 1.3; 1.0; 0.9; 0.2 - External Debt and Debt Service (EMDEs): - Total External Debt (Percent of GDP): 27.4; 29.9; 32.6; 30.3; 27.3; 26.6; 29.2; 25.6 - Debt Service (Percent of Exports): 9.2; 10.8; 11.4; 10.6; 9.8; 9.6; 10.3; 9.3 *Source: STATISTICAL APPENDIX, World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis (tables A1–A4, Table A5–A15).* ### Section 1 ### tablea - Section 1 ### Summary of World Output (selected aggregates and projections) - World real GDP: 2020: –3.0; 2021: 6.0; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 2.7; 2027: 3.2 - Advanced Economies real GDP: 2020: –4.4; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 2.4; 2023: 1.1; 2027: 1.7 - United States real GDP: 2020: –3.4; 2021: 5.7; 2022: 1.6; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 1.9 - Euro Area real GDP: 2020: –6.1; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 3.1; 2023: 0.5; 2027: 1.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies real GDP: 2020: –1.9; 2021: 6.6; 2022: 3.7; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 4.3 - Regional highlights (selected): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2020: –0.6; 2021: 7.2; 2022: 4.4; 2023: 4.9; 2027: 5.1 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2020: –7.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.7; 2027: 2.4 - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2020: –1.7; 2021: 6.8; 2022: 0.0; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 2.2 - Middle East and Central Asia: 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.5; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.6; 2027: 3.7 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 2020: –1.6; 2021: 4.7; 2022: 3.6; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 4.4 - Analytical group (selected): - Fuel exporters: 2020: –0.1; 2021: –4.3; 2022: 4.1; 2023: 4.5; 2027: 2.8 - Nonfuel exporters: 2020: –1.6; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.6; 2023: 3.8; 2027: 4.4 - Memorandum—Value of world output: - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 61,996 79,429 74,944 76,211 81,036 86,210 87,654 85,441 97,076 101,561 106,182 131,631 - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 84,757 109,595 111,857 116,169 122,351 129,709 135,641 132,936 146,608 161,450 171,549 210,591 ### Advanced Economies: Real GDP, Total Domestic Demand, and Components (selected series and projections) - Advanced Economies (Q4 over Q4) real GDP: 2020: –4.4; 2021: 5.2; 2022: 2.4; 2023: 1.1; 2027: 1.3 - Major Advanced Economies (mem.): 2020: –4.8; 2021: 5.1; 2022: 2.0; 2023: 0.8; 2027: 0.9 - Real Total Domestic Demand, Advanced Economies: 2020: –4.3; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 2.9; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 1.7 - United States total domestic demand: 2020: –3.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 2.3; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 0.7 - Euro Area total domestic demand: 2020: –5.8; 2021: 4.1; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 0.7; 2027: 1.9 - Japan total domestic demand: 2020: –3.8; 2021: 0.6; 2022: 1.9; 2023: 1.3; 2027: 1.1 - Components of GDP (Advanced Economies, selected): - Private Consumer Expenditure (Advanced Economies): 2020: –5.8; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.2 - Public Consumption (Advanced Economies): 2020: 1.8; 2021: 3.4; 2022: 0.9; 2023: 0.7 - Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Advanced Economies): 2020: –3.5; 2021: 5.6; 2022: 1.7; 2023: 1.3 - Final Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies): 2020: –3.9; 2021: 5.0; 2022: 2.6; 2023: 1.1 - Other GDP accounting entries (changes as percent of GDP in the preceding period): - Stock Building (Advanced Economies): 2020: –0.1; 2021: 0.3; 2022: 0.3; 2023: –0.1 - Foreign Balance (Advanced Economies): 2020: –0.1; 2021: –0.4; 2022: 0.2; 2023: –0.1 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Country and regional growth (selected entries and projections) - Emerging and Developing Asia (aggregate): 2020: –0.6; 2021: 7.2; 2022: 4.4; 2023: 4.9; 2027: 5.1 - China: 2020: 2.2; 2021: 8.1; 2022: 3.2; 2023: 4.4; 2027: 4.6 - India (note in source): 2020: –6.6; 2021: 8.7; 2022: 6.8; 2023: 6.1; 2027: 6.2 - Indonesia: 2020: –2.1; 2021: 3.7; 2022: 5.3; 2023: 5.0; 2027: 5.1 - Vietnam: 2020: 2.9; 2021: 6.7; 2022: 7.0; 2023: 6.2; 2027: 6.8 - Emerging and Developing Europe (aggregate): 2020: –1.7; 2021: 6.8; 2022: 0.0; 2023: 0.6; 2027: 2.2 - Poland: 2020: –2.2; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 3.8; 2023: 0.5; 2027: 3.1 - Russia: 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.7; 2022: –3.4; 2023: –2.3; 2027: 0.7 - Türkiye: 2020: 0.8; 2021: 11.4; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.0; 2027: 3.0 - Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate): 2020: –7.0; 2021: 6.9; 2022: 3.5; 2023: 1.7; 2027: 2.4 - Brazil: 2020: –3.9; 2021: 4.6; 2022: 2.8; 2023: 1.0; 2027: 2.0 - Mexico: 2020: –0.2; 2021: –8.1; 2022: 4.8; 2023: 2.1; 2027: 2.1 - Colombia: 2020: –7.0; 2021: 10.7; 2022: 7.6; 2023: 2.2; 2027: 3.3 - Middle East and Central Asia (aggregate): 2020: –2.7; 2021: 4.5; 2022: 5.0; 2023: 3.6; 2027: 3.7 - Saudi Arabia: 2020: –0.7; 2021: 3.2; 2022: 7.6; 2023: 3.7; 2027: 3.0 - Iraq: 2020: –15.7; 2021: 7.7; 2022: 9.3; 2023: 4.0; 2027: 2.7 - Selected small and low-income country entries (examples): - Guyana: 2020: 43.5; 2021: 23.8; 2022: 57.8; 2023: 25.2; 2027: 3.3 - Maldives: 2020: –33.5; 2021: 37.0; 2022: 8.7; 2023: 6.1; 2027: 5.6 - Fiji: 2020: –17.0; 2021: –5.1; 2022: 12.5; 2023: 6.9; 2027: 3.5 ### Memoranda and per-capita measures (selected) - Median Growth Rate, Advanced Economies: 2020: –4.2; 2021: 5.3; 2022: 3.1; 2023: 1.5; 2027: 1.9 - Median Growth Rate, Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2020: –3.5; 2021: 4.3; 2022: 3.7; 2023: 3.5; 2027: 3.5 - Output per Capita (at PPP), World: - Advanced Economies per capita: 2020: –4.9; 2021: 5.1; 2022: 2.2; 2023: 0.9; 2027: 1.4 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies per capita: 2020: –3.2; 2021: 5.9; 2022: 2.7; 2023: 2.6; 2027: 3.1 *Source: STATISTICAL APPENDIX, World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis (tables A1–A4).* ### Section 2 ### Table A4. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Real GDP (continued) ### Sub-Saharan Africa — Real GDP (annual percent change) - Average 2004–13: 5.6 - 2014: 5.0 - 2015: 3.2 - 2016: 1.5 - 2017: 3.0 - 2018: 3.3 - 2019: 3.2 - 2020: –1.6 - 2021: 4.7 - 2022: 3.6 - 2023 (projection): 3.7 - 2027 (projection): 4.4 ### Selected country-level real GDP (annual percent change) - Angola: 8.4, 4.8, 0.9, –2.6, –0.2, –1.3, –0.7, –5.8, 0.8, 2.9, 3.4, 3.9 - Ethiopia: 10.9, 10.3, 10.4, 8.0, 10.2, 7.7, 9.0, 6.1, 6.3, 3.8, 5.3, 7.0 - Nigeria: 7.3, 6.3, 2.7, –1.6, 0.8, 1.9, 2.2, –1.8, 3.6, 3.2, 3.0, 2.9 - South Africa: 3.3, 1.4, 1.3, 0.7, 1.2, 1.5, 0.3, –6.3, 4.9, 2.1, 1.1, 1.4 (Note: table contains additional country lines and country-specific notes.) *Source: tablea - Section 2 (tablea - Section 2).* ### Table A5. Summary of Inflation (GDP deflators and Consumer prices) ### GDP Deflators — Advanced Economies (annual percent change) - Advanced Economies (GDP deflators): 1.6, 1.4, 1.3, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 1.5, 1.5, 2.9, 5.5, 3.7, 1.8 - United States (GDP deflators): 2.1, 1.9, 1.0, 1.0, 1.9, 2.4, 1.8, 1.2, 4.2, 7.1, 3.6, 1.9 - Euro Area (GDP deflators): 1.6, 0.9, 1.4, 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 1.7, 1.7, 2.1, 4.3, 4.4, 1.9 ### Consumer Prices — Aggregates (annual percent change) - Advanced Economies (consumer prices): 2.0, 1.4, 0.3, 0.8, 1.7, 2.0, 1.4, 0.7, 3.1, 7.2, 4.4, 1.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (consumer prices): 6.3, 4.7, 4.7, 4.4, 4.5, 5.0, 5.1, 5.1, 5.9, 9.9, 8.1, 4.3 ### Regional consumer price highlights (annual percent change) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.0, 3.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.3, 3.1, 2.2, 4.1, 3.6, 2.8 - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.9, 4.9, 5.4, 5.5, 6.3, 6.6, 7.7, 6.4, 9.8, 14.1, 11.4, 5.7 - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.6, 6.4, 6.7, 10.2, 10.7, 8.3, 8.2, 10.2, 11.1, 14.4, 11.9, 6.9 *Source: tablea - Section 2 (tablea - Section 2).* ### Table A6. Advanced Economies: Consumer Prices (end of period, annual percent change) ### Advanced Economies — End-of-period consumer price movements (annual percent change) - Advanced Economies (end of period averages): 2.0, 1.4, 0.3, 0.8, 1.7, 2.0, 1.4, 0.7, 3.1, 7.2, 4.4, 1.9 - United States (end of period): 2.4, 1.6, 0.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.4, 1.8, 1.2, 4.7, 8.1, 3.5, 2.0 - Euro Area (HICP, end of period): 2.0, 0.4, 0.2, 0.2, 1.5, 1.8, 1.2, 0.3, 2.6, 8.3, 5.7, 1.8 ### Selected major advanced economies (end of period) - Japan: –0.1, 2.8, 2.1, 0.4, –0.1, 0.0, 0.6, 0.9, –0.9, 0.3, 0.6, 0.3 - United Kingdom: 2.7, 1.5, 0.0, 0.7, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, 0.9, 2.6, 9.1, 2.0, 5.4 *Source: tablea - Section 2 (tablea - Section 2).* ### Table A7. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Consumer Prices (end of period, annual percent change) ### Emerging and Developing Asia — End-of-period consumer prices (annual percent change) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 5.0, 3.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.3, 3.1, 2.2, 4.1, 3.6, 2.8 - China: 3.1, 2.0, 1.4, 2.0, 1.6, 2.1, 2.9, 2.4, 0.9, 2.2, 2.2, 1.8 - India: 8.2, 5.8, 4.9, 4.5, 3.6, 3.4, 4.8, 6.2, 5.5, 6.9, 5.1, 4.0 ### Emerging and Developing Europe — End-of-period consumer prices (annual percent change) - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.1, 6.5, 10.6, 5.5, 5.6, 6.4, 6.6, 5.3, 9.5, 27.8, 19.4, 6.7 - Türkiye (selected): 8.3, 8.9, 7.7, 7.8, 11.1, 16.3, 15.2, 12.3, 19.6, 73.1, 51.2, 15.0 ### Latin America and the Caribbean — End-of-period consumer prices (annual percent change) - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.9, 4.9, 5.4, 5.5, 6.3, 6.6, 7.7, 6.4, 9.8, 14.1, 11.4, 6.9 - Brazil: 5.5, 6.3, 9.0, 8.7, 3.4, 3.7, 3.7, 3.2, 8.3, 9.4, 4.7, 4.0 - Argentina (note in source): (see country-specific notes) ### Sub-Saharan Africa — End-of-period consumer prices (annual percent change) - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.6, 6.4, 6.7, 10.2, 10.7, 8.3, 8.2, 10.2, 11.1, 14.4, 11.9, 6.9 - Nigeria (selected): 11.5, 8.0, 9.0, 15.7, 16.5, 12.1, 11.4, 13.2, 17.0, 18.9, 17.3, 11.5 (Note: Table contains extensive country-level end-of-period series and country-specific notes for a number of economies.) *Source: tablea - Section 2 (tablea - Section 2).* ### Section 3 ### tablea - Section 3 ### Table A8 — Major Advanced Economies: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt (Percent of GDP, unless noted otherwise) - Major Advanced Economies (Averages/Projections) - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.3; –3.6; –3.0; –3.3; –3.2; –3.3; –3.6; –11.9; –8.7; –4.4; –4.6; –4.9 - Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –2.3; –2.8; –2.0; –1.7; –0.8; –0.1; 0.2; –3.4; –0.6; –0.3; –0.9; –0.1 - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.2; –2.5; –2.2; –2.7; –2.9; –3.2; –3.6; –8.2; –7.2; –4.3; –4.2; –4.7 - United States - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.5; –4.0; –3.5; –4.4; –4.6; –5.3; –5.5; –14.5; –10.9; –4.0; –5.7; –7.1 - Output Gap: –3.7; –4.0; –2.5; –2.1; –1.3; 0.0; 0.7; –3.2; 0.5; 0.0; –0.8; –0.3 - Structural Balance: –4.5; –2.7; –2.5; –3.6; –4.1; –5.1; –5.7; –10.8; –9.5; –4.0; –5.3; –6.8 - Net Debt: 60.6; 81.1; 80.9; 81.9; 80.3; 81.2; 83.0; 99.1; 99.6; 94.7; 96.9; 112.0 - Gross Debt: 82.3; 104.6; 105.2; 107.2; 106.2; 107.5; 108.8; 134.5; 128.1; 122.1; 122.9; 134.9 - Euro Area (composite) - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3; –2.5; –2.0; –1.5; –0.9; –0.4; –0.7; –7.0; –5.1; –3.8; –3.3; –2.5 - Output Gap: –0.5; –2.9; –2.3; –1.7; –0.6; –0.1; 0.0; –4.5; –1.9; –0.3; –0.8; 0.1 - Structural Balance: –3.0; –0.7; –0.5; –0.5; –0.5; –0.3; –0.5; –4.3; –3.8; –3.5; –2.9; –2.6 - Net Debt: 62.8; 76.3; 75.1; 74.6; 72.5; 70.7; 69.1; 79.4; 78.6; 76.7; 75.2; 75.2 - Gross Debt: 78.2; 93.1; 91.2; 90.4; 87.9; 85.9; 83.8; 96.8; 95.3; 93.0; 91.3; 87.8 - Select countries (key lines only; percent of GDP unless noted) - Germany: Net Lending/Borrowing –1.7; 0.6; 1.0; 1.2; 1.3; 1.9; 1.5; –4.3; –3.7; –3.3; –2.5; –0.5. Net Debt: 57.5; 54.9; 52.2; 49.3; 45.4; 42.6; 40.4; 45.8; 47.0; 47.7; 47.8; 44.1 - France: Net Lending/Borrowing –4.4; –3.9; –3.6; –3.6; –3.0; –2.3; –3.1; –8.9; –6.4; –5.1; –5.6; –5.0. Net Debt: 67.4; 85.5; 86.3; 89.2; 89.4; 89.2; 88.9; 102.3; 101.1; 100.3; 101.0; 106.9 - Italy: Net Lending/Borrowing –3.4; –3.0; –2.6; –2.4; –2.4; –2.2; –1.5; –9.6; –7.2; –5.4; –3.9; –3.0. Net Debt: 104.3; 121.4; 122.2; 121.6; 121.3; 121.8; 121.7; 141.8; 138.3; 135.4; 135.6; 132.3 - Japan: Net Lending/Borrowing –6.3; –5.6; –3.7; –3.6; –3.1; –2.5; –3.0; –9.0; –6.7; –7.9; –3.6; –2.6. Net Debt: 115.7; 145.1; 144.6; 149.6; 148.1; 151.0; 151.5; 162.6; 168.1; 172.6; 172.4; 175.1. Gross Debt (nonconsolidated basis): 195.1; 233.5; 228.4; 232.5; 231.4; 232.3; 236.3; 259.4; 262.5; 263.9; 261.1; 263.4 - United Kingdom: Net Lending/Borrowing –5.6; –5.5; –4.5; –3.3; –2.4; –2.2; –2.2; –12.8; –8.0; –4.3; –2.3; –1.0. Net Debt: 52.9; 77.3; 77.6; 76.9; 75.7; 74.8; 74.1; 90.2; 84.3; 75.3; 68.5; 56.5 - Canada: Net Lending/Borrowing –1.0; 0.2; –0.1; –0.5; –0.1; 0.4; 0.0; –11.4; –5.0; –2.2; –1.2; –0.5. Net Debt (includes equity shares): 26.5; 28.5; 28.6; 28.5; 25.8; 25.7; 23.1; 33.6; 31.6; 30.5; 30.3; 27.3 - Notes (as presented): - Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries. Gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for countries that have adopted the System of National Accounts 2008 (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans. - Percent of potential GDP for Output Gap and Structural Balance. - Figures reported by national statistical agencies adjusted to exclude items related to accrual-basis accounting of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans (where indicated). - Gross debt for Japan reported on a nonconsolidated basis. - Canada net debt line includes equity shares. ### Table A9 — Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices (Annual percent change, unless noted otherwise) - Trade in Goods and Services (World) - Volume (World Trade): 5.4; 2.8; 3.8; 2.9; 2.3; 5.7; 4.1; 0.9; –7.8; 10.1; 4.3; 2.5 - Price Deflator in US Dollars: 4.1; 0.4; –1.8; –13.3; –4.0; 4.3; 5.4; –2.4; –2.2; 12.7; 7.0; 0.3 - Price Deflator in SDRs: 3.2; 1.7; –1.7; –5.9; –3.4; 4.5; 3.2; 0.0; –3.0; 10.2; 13.3; 1.5 - Volume of Trade — Exports (select groups) - Advanced Economies: 4.5; 2.5; 3.8; 3.7; 2.0; 5.1; 3.6; 1.2; –9.0; 8.7; 4.2; 2.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 7.4; 3.2; 3.4; 1.9; 2.8; 6.4; 4.3; 0.5; –4.8; 11.8; 3.3; 2.9 - World Trade Prices in US Dollars (select categories) - Manufactures: 2.6; 1.1; –0.5; –3.0; –5.2; 0.1; 2.0; 0.4; –3.2; 6.8; 10.2; 3.9 - Oil: 13.6; –1.9; –9.2; –46.0; –15.0; 22.3; 25.1; –7.5; –31.7; 65.9; 41.4; –12.9 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.3; 1.4; –5.8; –17.0; –0.3; 6.4; 1.3; 0.6; 6.5; 26.3; 7.3; –6.2 - Food: 5.8; 1.3; –1.6; –16.9; 1.5; 3.8; –1.2; –3.1; 1.7; 26.1; 14.2; –5.8 - World Trade Prices in SDRs and Euros presented with analogous series (see table) - Trade in Goods — Volume of Trade (continued) - Exports (Advanced Economies): 4.3; 2.3; 3.0; 3.0; 1.7; 5.1; 3.0; 0.3; –6.4; 9.7; 2.4; 1.7 - Exports (Emerging Market and Developing Economies): 7.2; 3.0; 2.8; 1.4; 2.7; 6.5; 3.9; –0.4; –0.9; 11.0; 1.4; 2.4 - Imports (Advanced Economies): 3.8; 2.9; 4.0; 4.7; 2.5; 4.8; 3.8; 0.6; –5.8; 10.8; 5.3; 1.5 - Imports (Emerging Market and Developing Economies): 9.0; 2.7; 2.7; –0.1; 2.2; 7.5; 5.3; –0.1; –5.6; 12.1; 1.4; 2.9 - Price Deflators in SDRs (Exports and Imports) and Terms of Trade for groups are provided in the table. - Regional and analytical group highlights (selected) - Emerging and Developing Asia (Volume/Price/Terms): –0.8; 0.0; 2.4; 8.3; 0.2; –3.2; –2.0; 0.8; 0.4; –5.6; –2.4; 1.5 (table provides full series) - By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel exporters and nonfuel exporters show divergent volume and price paths (see table). - Memorandum (World exports in billions of US dollars) - World exports of goods and services: 17,869; 25,022; 23,799; 21,127; 20,752; 22,884; 25,072; 24,653; 22,260; 27,663; 30,593; 31,416 - Goods: 14,190; 19,305; 18,643; 16,202; 15,746; 17,458; 19,106; 18,540; 17,212; 21,772; 24,020; 24,355 - Average Oil Price (percent change and US$ per barrel series presented in table) - Notes (as presented): - World trade aggregates defined and source indices: export unit value index for manufactures (advanced economies), average of UK Brent/Dubai Fateh/WTI crude, average of world market prices for nonfuel primary commodities weighted by 2014–16 import shares. ### Table A10 — Summary of Current Account Balances (Billions of US dollars; Projections included) - Advanced Economies (levels, selected years and projections) - World advanced-economies aggregate: 225.5; 273.0; 369.3; 489.3; 398.6; 379.3; 179.9; 339.4; –370.9; –170.2; 236.6 - United States (billions USD): –370.1; –408.5; –396.2; –361.0; –439.8; –446.0; –619.7; –846.4; –985.3; –822.9; –701.4 - Euro Area (billions USD): 316.9; 313.5; 364.0; 402.1; 398.0; 311.1; 247.7; 356.9; 137.3; 194.7; 424.8 - Japan (billions USD): 36.8; 136.4; 197.8; 203.5; 177.8; 176.3; 146.9; 142.2; 58.1; 94.4; 165.6 - United Kingdom (billions USD): –157.9; –152.7; –145.6; –98.1; –112.6; –76.8; –69.0; –82.5; –153.9; –157.9; –155.9 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (billions USD): 161.4; –76.1; –99.4; –21.9; –55.4; –3.4; 157.8; 343.8; 598.0; 492.3; –108.2 - Regional groups (selected, levels in billions USD) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 227.4; 296.1; 212.3; 166.4; –51.3; 93.2; 319.8; 250.2; 191.6; 166.9; –25.2 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –189.9; –172.7; –102.3; –94.7; –142.1; –106.6; –8.7; –79.3; –97.6; –83.7; –98.2 - Middle East and Central Asia: 199.7; –140.8; –146.4; –39.0; 111.8; 17.3; –105.7; 121.8; 406.5; 333.0; 89.8 - Analytical groups by source of export earnings (levels) - Fuel exporters: 252.0; –144.7; –99.4; 41.0; 201.3; 72.9; –89.8; 180.8; 498.3; 406.6; 152.1 - Nonfuel: –88.8; 70.6; 2.2; –60.7; –254.5; –74.5; 249.4; 164.5; 101.6; 87.4; –257.7 - Memoranda (World and others, levels) - World: 386.8; 196.9; 269.8; 467.4; 343.2; 375.9; 337.7; 683.3; 227.1; 322.2; 128.4 - World exports in USD shown in table A9 used for context. - Table A10 also provides projections and percent-of-GDP series (Table continuation). ### Table A10/A11 — Current Account Balances (Percent of GDP; Projections) - Advanced Economies (percent of GDP, selected series) - Aggregate: 0.5; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 0.8; 0.7; 0.4; 0.6; –0.6; –0.3; 0.3 - United States: –2.1; –2.2; –2.1; –1.9; –2.1; –2.1; –3.0; –3.7; –3.9; –3.1; –2.3 - Euro Area (percent of GDP): 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.2; 2.9; 2.3; 1.9; 2.5; 1.0; 1.4; 2.5 - Germany (percent of GDP): 7.2; 8.6; 8.5; 7.8; 8.0; 7.6; 7.0; 7.4; 4.2; 5.3; 6.1 - Japan (percent of GDP): 0.8; 3.1; 4.0; 4.1; 3.5; 3.4; 2.9; 2.9; 1.4; 2.2; 3.2 - United Kingdom (percent of GDP): –5.1; –5.2; –5.3; –3.6; –3.9; –2.7; –2.5; –2.6; –4.8; –4.5; –3.5 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (percent of GDP): 0.5; –0.3; –0.3; –0.1; –0.2; 0.0; 0.5; 0.8; 1.3; 1.0; –0.2 - Regional percent-of-GDP highlights (selected) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 1.5; 1.9; 1.3; 0.9; –0.3; 0.5; 1.5; 1.0; 0.7; 0.6; –0.1 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –3.2; –3.4; –2.1; –1.7; –2.7; –2.0; –0.2; –1.6; –1.7; –1.4; –1.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 4.9; –3.9; –4.1; –1.1; 2.8; 0.4; –2.5; 2.3; 6.5; 5.2; 1.2 - Analytical group percent-of-GDP (selected) - Fuel exporters: 6.0; –4.2; –3.1; 1.2; 5.3; 1.9; –2.4; 3.8; 8.4; 6.7; 2.1 - Nonfuel: –0.3; 0.3; 0.0; –0.2; –0.8; –0.2; 0.8; 0.5; 0.3; 0.2; –0.5 - Table A11 provides country-level percent-of-GDP series for advanced economies (comprehensive country list included in table). *International Monetary Fund, Statistical Appendix (selected tables: Table A8, Table A9, Table A10, Table A11) — October 2022* ### Section 4 ### tablea - Section 4 ### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP) - Emerging and Developing Asia: 1.5, 1.9, 1.3, 0.9, –0.3, 0.5, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7, 0.6, –0.1 - Emerging and Developing Europe: –0.3, 1.0, –0.3, –0.5, 1.7, 1.3, 0.0, 1.7, 2.9, 2.8, –0.2 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –3.2, –3.4, –2.1, –1.7, –2.7, –2.0, –0.2, –1.6, –1.7, –1.4, –1.4 - Middle East and Central Asia: 4.9, –3.9, –4.1, –1.1, 2.8, 0.4, –2.5, 2.3, 6.5, 5.2, 1.2 - Sub-Saharan Africa: –3.6, –5.7, –3.6, –2.1, –2.3, –3.3, –2.9, –1.1, –1.7, –2.5, –2.0 Key country-level highlights (selected values as reported in the table): - China: 2.2, 2.6, 1.7, 1.5, 0.2, 0.7, 1.7, 1.8, 1.8, 1.5, 0.6 - India: –1.3, –1.0, –0.6, –1.8, –2.1, –0.9, 0.9, –1.2, –3.5, –2.9, –2.6 - Russia: 2.8, 5.0, 1.9, 2.0, 7.0, 3.9, 2.4, 6.9, 12.2, 11.1, 3.3 - Saudi Arabia: 9.8, –8.7, –3.7, 1.5, 8.8, 4.8, –3.2, 5.3, 16.0, 12.3, 3.5 - Brazil: –4.1, –3.0, –1.4, –1.1, –2.7, –3.5, –1.7, –1.7, –1.5, –1.6, –2.0 - Mexico: –1.9, –2.6, –2.2, –1.7, –2.0, –0.3, 2.5, –0.4, –1.2, –1.2, –0.9 (Values above correspond to the sequence of years presented in the table for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2027.) ### Summary of Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars) - Advanced Economies: 304.5, 282.5, 433.4, 433.4, 480.2, 155.9, 29.7, 465.8, –307.8, –116.3 - Direct Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 244.1, 3.2, –246.5, 355.4, –53.0, 4.3, 49.8, 501.8, 250.4, 81.3 - Portfolio Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 57.8, 164.1, 486.8, –10.1, 506.7, 57.3, 183.2, 288.5, –285.6, –198.9 - Change in Reserves (Advanced Economies): 140.0, 226.6, 178.5, 244.8, 127.9, 66.9, 357.8, 627.7, 21.0, 89.7 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): –1.8, –313.0, –424.2, –284.3, –258.7, –146.0, 57.7, 152.2, 653.8, 522.3 - Direct Investment, Net (EMDEs): –433.4, –345.2, –261.6, –311.4, –376.8, –367.0, –327.4, –514.9, –354.5, –351.8 - Portfolio Investment, Net (EMDEs): –88.4, 124.6, –57.4, –209.3, –102.0, –62.4, 4.8, 114.6, 389.9, 47.5 - Other Investment, Net (EMDEs): 408.0, 479.5, 384.8, 62.3, 104.1, 119.8, 275.4, 36.0, 719.5, 467.1 - Change in Reserves (EMDEs): 94.2, –583.1, –481.1, 189.9, 127.0, 169.0, 83.3, 523.6, –101.6, 363.4 Regional group summaries (Financial Account Balance, Billions of US dollars): - Emerging and Developing Asia: 142.2, 61.2, –37.8, –68.9, –270.6, –62.6, 145.4, 62.2, 203.6, 176.7 - Change in Reserves: 196.3, –333.0, –384.6, 199.2, 22.2, 97.0, 167.4, 257.1, –246.6, 156.1 - Emerging and Developing Europe: –26.2, 68.6, 10.5, –23.0, 109.9, 63.1, 11.7, 95.7, 170.2, 150.5 - Change in Reserves: –122.7, –7.9, 35.5, 16.2, 47.6, 93.3, –3.2, 136.3, –69.6, –6.6 - Latin America and the Caribbean: –196.2, –188.7, –106.5, –108.6, –160.5, –119.8, 0.5, –93.3, –98.1, –85.4 - Change in Reserves: 39.7, –28.8, 21.0, 17.1, 13.8, –32.7, 16.4, 49.1, 10.5, 13.8 - Middle East and Central Asia: 156.9, –186.2, –225.5, –38.9, 103.8, 27.7, –78.8, 98.4, 401.2, 326.0 - Change in Reserves: –10.1, –196.8, –148.3, –58.4, 38.6, 5.2, –87.7, 54.5, 213.1, 199.2 - Sub-Saharan Africa: –78.5, –68.0, –64.8, –44.9, –41.3, –54.4, –21.1, –10.8, –23.2, –45.5 - Change in Reserves: –9.1, –16.5, –4.6, 15.9, 4.7, 6.2, –9.6, 26.6, –9.0, 1.0 Analytical group summaries (selected): - By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel economies (Financial Account Balance): 180.0, –182.6, –189.7, 12.0, 173.9, 67.9, –51.5, 151.6, 484.1, 388.7 - Change in Reserves (Fuel): –35.5, –234.4, –164.5, –66.9, 49.9, 7.8, –89.2, 55.8, 236.7, 184.5 - By Source of Export Earnings — Nonfuel economies (Financial Account Balance): –181.8, –130.4, –234.5, –296.3, –432.6, –213.9, 109.2, 0.7, 169.7, 133.6 - Change in Reserves (Nonfuel): 129.7, –348.7, –316.5, 256.8, 77.0, 161.2, 172.5, 467.9, –338.2, 178.9 - By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies (Financial Account Balance): –388.9, –315.7, –277.2, –339.6, –367.9, –300.1, –92.9, –308.6, –413.8, –404.0 - Change in Reserves (Net Debtor Economies): 120.6, –9.4, 77.1, 93.2, 4.9, 105.0, 152.5, 215.9, –89.3, 60.7 *Source: tablea - Section 4, Table A12 and Table A13, Statistical Appendix (values reproduced exactly as presented).* ### Section 5 ### tablea - Section 5 ### Financial Account Balances (Table A13 continued) - Other Investment, Net: –8.1–26.1–36.1–11.0–6.52.64.96.7–11.3–18.5 - Change in Reserves: –12.9–3.83.910.35.2–3.0–12.713.6–10.918.6 - World Financial Account Balance: 302.7–30.59.2149.1221.59.887.4618.0346.0405.9 *Note: The estimates in this table are based on individual countries’ national accounts and balance of payments statistics. Country group composites are calculated as the sum of the US dollar values for the relevant individual countries. Some group aggregates for the financial derivatives are not shown because of incomplete data. Projections for the euro area are not available because of data constraints.* ### Summary of Net Lending and Borrowing (Table A14 — key group-level statistics, percent of GDP) Advanced Economies (selected rows) - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.50.00.81.00.70.60.30.7–0.6–0.20.2 - Current Account Balance: –0.50.00.81.00.80.70.40.6–0.6–0.30.2 - Savings: 21.721.522.623.323.423.423.124.323.823.724.0 - Investment: 22.221.521.622.122.422.722.322.723.022.622.6 - Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.00.0–0.1–0.10.00.10.10.10.0 United States - Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.0–2.8–2.2–1.8–2.2–2.1–3.0–3.7–4.0–3.2–2.5 - Current Account Balance: –4.0–2.8–2.1–1.9–2.1–2.1–3.0–3.7–3.9–3.1–2.5 - Savings: 16.917.218.919.519.619.419.220.121.121.521.9 - Investment: 20.919.820.620.821.121.421.221.422.021.821.8 - Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Euro Area - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.20.83.13.02.62.11.92.8. . .. . .. . . - Current Account Balance: 0.10.73.03.22.92.31.92.51.01.42.3 - Savings: 22.722.524.324.925.425.925.026.624.724.525.0 - Investment: 21.820.820.721.321.922.922.323.023.222.522.2 - Capital Account Balance: 0.10.10.0–0.2–0.3–0.20.00.3. . .. . .. . . Germany - Net Lending and Borrowing: 5.96.68.67.78.07.56.87.34.25.36.2 - Current Account Balance: 5.96.68.57.88.07.67.07.44.25.36.2 - Savings: 26.226.828.528.829.929.729.130.626.926.627.2 - Investment: 20.320.220.021.021.922.122.123.322.721.321.0 - Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.1–0.10.00.0–0.20.00.00.00.0 France - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.3–0.7–0.4–0.8–0.70.6–1.70.8–1.2–1.4–0.6 - Current Account Balance: –0.3–0.7–0.5–0.8–0.80.5–1.80.4–1.3–1.5–0.7 - Savings: 22.421.922.122.723.024.921.824.923.622.122.2 - Investment: 22.722.622.623.423.924.423.624.624.923.622.9 - Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.10.00.10.10.10.50.10.10.0.1 Italy - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.4–0.72.42.72.53.13.72.30.51.12.2 - Current Account Balance: –1.4–0.82.62.62.53.23.72.4–0.20.31.7 - Savings: 19.018.220.020.721.021.421.422.322.423.123.1 - Investment: 20.418.917.618.118.518.217.720.021.922.020.9 - Capital Account Balance: 0.10.1–0.20.10.0–0.10.0–0.10.60.90.5 Spain - Net Lending and Borrowing: –4.3–1.23.43.02.42.41.21.91.61.41.4 - Current Account Balance: –4.8–1.73.22.81.92.1 0.80.9–0.2–0.20.8 - Savings: 20.119.221.922.222.423.021.522.422.621.922.3 - Investment: 24.920.918.819.420.520.920.721.522.722.121.5 - Capital Account Balance: 0.50.50.20.20.50.30.40.91.81.60.6 Japan - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.82.13.84.13.53.42.92.81.32.13.0 - Current Account Balance: 2.92.14.04.13.53.42.92.91.42.23.1 - Savings: 27.626.328.829.329.229.228.228.127.027.628.5 - Investment: 24.724.224.825.225.625.825.325.225.725.525.4 - Capital Account Balance: –0.1–0.1–0.1–0.10.0–0.10.0–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1 United Kingdom - Net Lending and Borrowing: –3.1–3.9–5.4–3.7–4.0–2.7–2.6–2.7–4.9–4.6–3.8 - Current Account Balance: –3.1–3.8–5.3–3.6–3.9–2.7–2.5–2.6–4.8–4.5–3.7 - Savings: 13.612.512.414.614.015.314.214.512.612.413.5 - Investment: 16.716.417.718.217.918.016.717.117.416.917.2 - Capital Account Balance: 0.0–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1–0.1 Canada - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.9–2.7–3.1–2.8–2.4–2.0–1.80.00.5–0.2–1.2 - Current Account Balance: –0.9–2.7–3.1–2.8–2.4–2.0–1.80.00.5–0.2–1.2 - Savings: 22.621.319.720.721.021.020.523.823.822.822.6 - Investment: 23.524.022.823.623.423.122.323.723.323.023.8 - Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Other Advanced Economies (1) - Net Lending and Borrowing: 4.04.25.04.84.64.75.67.15.75.14.6 - Current Account Balance: 4.04.35.04.74.44.75.57.15.75.14.6 - Savings: 30.530.530.630.930.430.331.633.432.531.831.2 - Investment: 26.326.025.325.925.925.525.926.026.226.226.2 - Capital Account Balance: 0.0–0.10.00.10.20.00.10.00.00.00.0 Emerging Market and Developing Economies - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.41.2–0.30.0–0.10.10.60.91.31.00.2 - Current Account Balance: 2.41.1–0.3–0.1–0.20.00.50.81.31.00.2 - Savings: 32.032.531.231.732.432.133.034.035.435.034.4 - Investment: 29.831.531.531.832.732.332.633.334.334.234.3 - Capital Account Balance: 0.20.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.0 Regional Groups (selected highlights) - Emerging and Developing Asia — Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.32.21.30.9–0.30.51.51.00.70.60.2; Savings: 42.042.939.940.140.039.540.140.241.841.440.7; Investment: 39.040.738.739.240.239.138.639.241.140.840.5 - Emerging and Developing Europe — Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.4–0.40.1–0.22.21.80.72.23.33.21.1; Current Account Balance: –0.6–0.7–0.3–0.51.71.30.01.72.92.80.7 - Latin America and the Caribbean — Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.6–2.1–2.0–1.7–2.6–2.00.0–1.5–1.7–1.3–1.3; Savings: 20.919.717.216.916.316.617.718.718.919.219.3 - Middle East and Central Asia — Net Lending and Borrowing: 9.06.3–4.0–1.32.30.4–2.52.06.45.12.1; Savings: 36.133.923.626.228.827.826.330.233.933.030.5 - Sub-Saharan Africa — Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.5–1.4–3.2–1.7–1.9–2.9–2.4–0.7–1.3–2.2–2.0; Savings: 20.819.517.718.419.219.619.823.118.917.917.4 Analytical Groups - Fuel exporters — Net Lending and Borrowing: 12.08.0–3.10.94.81.8–2.43.38.36.53.1; Savings: 38.835.525.528.431.230.428.934.236.534.731.2; Investment: 27.027.427.426.926.028.931.631.128.628.628.2 - Nonfuel exporters — Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.90.10.1–0.1–0.7–0.10.90.60.30.3–0.2; Savings: 30.932.031.932.132.632.333.434.035.235.134.8; Investment: 30.332.032.032.333.432.632.733.635.034.935.0 - Net Debtor Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.7–2.5–1.9–2.0–2.4–1.8–0.5–1.6–2.5–2.2–2.0; Savings: 23.323.022.222.422.722.622.923.622.923.223.6; Investment: 25.425.824.424.625.324.723.725.625.825.725.8 Memorandum — World - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.30.40.40.60.40.40.40.80.30.40.2 - Current Account Balance: 0.30.40.40.60.40.40.40.70.20.30.2 - Savings: 25.025.526.026.727.027.027.128.428.928.828.8 - Investment: 24.725.125.425.926.526.526.527.128.027.828.0 - Capital Account Balance: 0.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.10.0 *Note: The estimates in this table are based on individual countries’ national accounts and balance of payments statistics. Country group composites are calculated as the sum of the US dollar values for the relevant individual countries. The estimates of gross national savings and investment (or gross capital formation) are from individual countries’ national accounts statistics. The estimates of the current account balance, the capital account balance, and the financial account balance (or net lending/net borrowing) are from the balance of payments statistics. The link between domestic transactions and transactions with the rest of the world can be expressed as accounting identities. Savings (S) minus investment (I) is equal to the current account balance (CAB) (S − I = CAB). Also, net lending/net borrowing (NLB) is the sum of the current account balance and the capital account balance (KAB) (NLB = CAB + KAB).* ### World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Table A15 — key projections) - World Real GDP (Annual Percent Change): 4.12.9–3.06.03.22.72.23.3 - Advanced Economies (Annual Percent Change): 1.61.7–4.45.22.41.11.01.8 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Annual Percent Change): 6.43.8–1.96.63.73.73.04.3 Memorandum indicators - Potential Output, Major Advanced Economies: 1.51.2–1.22.11.71.41.01.4 - World Trade, Volume (Annual Percent Change): 5.42.8–7.810.14.32.52.13.6 - Imports — Advanced Economies: 3.73.0–8.49.56.02.02.12.9 - Imports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.12.5–7.811.82.43.02.14.8 - Exports — Advanced Economies: 4.52.5–9.08.74.22.51.43.2 - Exports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 7.43.2–4.811.83.32.93.14.4 - Terms of Trade: Advanced Economies: –0.40.30.90.6–1.50.50.10.3; Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 1.5–0.6–1.11.70.8–1.7–0.1–0.6 World Prices in US Dollars - Manufactures: 2.61.1–3.26.810.23.94.31.7 - Oil: 13.6–1.9–31.765.941.4–12.98.7–4.5 - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 8.31.46.526.37.3–6.27.9–0.2 Consumer Prices (Annual Percent Change) - Advanced Economies: 2.02.30.73.17.24.43.82.0 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.35.75.15.99.98.17.24.6 Interest Rates - World Real Long-Term Interest Rate (Percent): 1.3–0.7–0.3–2.5–5.1–1.1–2.20.8 Current Account Balances (Percent of GDP) - Advanced Economies: –0.50.40.40.6–0.6–0.30.00.2 - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2.40.30.50.81.31.00.90.2 External Debt and Debt Service (Emerging Market and Developing Economies) - Total External Debt (Percent of GDP): 27.429.932.630.327.326.629.225.6 - Debt Service (Percent of Exports): 9.210.811.410.69.89.610.39.3 *Data refer to trade in goods and services. World Real Long-Term Interest Rate is a GDP-weighted average of 10-year (or nearest-maturity) government bond rates for Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.* *Source: tablea - Section 5, Table A13–A15, Statistical Appendix, World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis (October 2022).* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2022/october/english/tablea.pdf_