## tablea

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [tablea](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/october/english/tablea.pdf)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/october/english/tablea.pdf.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/october/english/tablea.pdf.json)

---

### World Output — Summary of World Output
- World real GDP (Annual percent change): 3.6 (2006–15 average); 3.3 (2016); 3.8 (2017); 3.6 (2018); 2.9 (2019); –2.7 (2020); 6.6 (2021); 3.6 (2022); 3.3 (2023); 3.2 (2024); 3.2 (2025); 3.1 (2029).
- Advanced Economies (Annual percent change): 1.5 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 1.9 (2019); –4.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.8 (2024); 1.8 (2025); 1.7 (2029).
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Annual percent change): 5.6 (2006–15); 4.4 (2016); 4.8 (2017); 4.7 (2018); 3.7 (2019); –1.8 (2020); 7.0 (2021); 4.0 (2022); 4.4 (2023); 4.2 (2024); 4.2 (2025); 3.9 (2029).
- Major country highlights (Annual percent change):
  - United States: 1.6; 1.8; 2.5; 3.0; 2.6; –2.2; 6.1; 2.5; 2.9; 2.8; 2.2; 2.1.
  - Euro Area: 0.8; 1.8; 2.6; 1.8; 1.6; –6.1; 6.2; 3.3; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.2.
  - Japan: 0.5; 0.8; 1.7; 0.6; –0.4; –4.2; 2.7; 1.2; 1.7; 0.3; 1.1; 0.5.
  - China: 9.6; 6.8; 6.9; 6.7; 6.0; 2.2; 8.4; 3.0; 5.2; 4.8; 4.5; 3.3.
  - India: 6.8; 8.3; 6.8; 6.5; 3.9; –5.8; 9.7; 7.0; 8.2; 7.0; 6.5; 6.5.
- Value of World Output:
  - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 68,493 (2006–15 average); 76,598 (2016); 81,479 (2017); 86,497 (2018); 87,772 (2019); 85,519 (2020); 97,403 (2021); 101,409 (2022); 105,685 (2023); 110,065 (2024); 115,494 (2025); 139,652 (2029).
  - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 91,744 (2006–15 average); 117,123 (2016); 123,709 (2017); 131,583 (2018); 139,434 (2019); 139,120 (2020); 155,448 (2021); 172,267 (2022); 184,258 (2023); 194,569 (2024); 204,473 (2025); 248,716 (2029).

### Advanced Economies — Real GDP, Demand, and Components
- Real GDP (Q4 over Q4, Advanced Economies): 1.5 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 1.9 (2019); –4.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.8 (2024); 1.8 (2025); 1.7 (2029).
- Real Total Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies): 1.3 (2006–15); 2.1 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 2.1 (2019); –3.9 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 3.4 (2022); 1.1 (2023); 1.6 (2024); 1.7 (2025); 1.2 (2029).
- Components of Real GDP (Advanced Economies):
  - Private Consumer Expenditure: 1.4 (2006–15); 1.7 (2016); 2.1 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 2.1 (2019); 1.6 (2020); –5.4 (2020 recessional spike shown); 6.1 (2021); 4.1 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.7 (2024); 1.6 (2025).
  - Public Consumption: 1.2; 1.9; 2.0; 0.8; 1.6; 3.0; 2.2; 3.4; 0.7; 1.9; 2.2; 1.4 (2006–15 through 2029 memoranda).
  - Gross Fixed Capital Formation: 1.0; 2.3; 2.8; 4.0; 3.3; 3.2; –3.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.0 (2022); 1.9 (2023); 1.3 (2024); 2.2 (2025).
  - Final Domestic Demand: 1.3; 1.9; 2.3; 2.4; 2.2; 2.3; –3.5 (2020); 5.6 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.6 (2024); 1.7 (2025).
  - Stock Building (changes as percent of GDP in preceding period): 0.0 (2006–15 average); 0.0 (2016); –0.3 (2017); 0.2 (2018); 0.1 (2019); –0.1 (2020); –0.3 (2021); 0.4 (2022); 0.5 (2023); –0.6 (2024); –0.1 (2025); 0.0 (memorandum).

### Inflation — GDP Deflators and Consumer Prices
- Summary of Inflation — GDP Deflators (Table A5) — Advanced Economies and selected:
  - Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 3.3 5.7 4.1 2.5 2.0 1.9
  - United States: 1.8 1.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.3 4.6 7.1 3.6 2.4 1.8 1.8
  - Euro Area: 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 5.1 5.8 2.8 2.3 2.0
  - Japan: –0.4 0.4 –0.1 0.0 0.6 0.9 –0.2 0.4 3.8 2.6 2.1 1.9
- Summary of Inflation — Consumer Prices (Table A5) — annual averages:
  - Advanced Economies: 1.7 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 3.1 7.3 4.6 2.6 2.0 2.0
  - United States: 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 4.7 8.0 4.1 3.0 1.9 2.1
  - Euro Area (HICP): 1.7 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 2.6 8.4 5.4 2.4 2.0 2.0
  - Japan: 0.3 –0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 –0.2 2.5 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.0
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.0 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.8 9.6 8.1 7.9 5.9 4.0
- Regional consumer price highlights (Table A5):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 4.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.2 2.3 3.9 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.8
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.1 5.6 5.6 6.3 6.5 5.1 9.0 25.2 17.1 16.9 11.1 6.2
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.8 5.4 6.3 6.7 7.6 6.5 9.9 14.2 14.8 16.8 8.5 3.6
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.1 10.0 10.6 8.4 8.7 11.2 11.6 15.2 17.6 18.1 12.3 7.6
- Selected country consumer price extremes (Table A7):
  - Eswatini (annual averages): 6.9 7.8 6.2 4.8 2.6 3.9 3.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.8 4.7
  - Ethiopia (annual averages): 16.8 6.6 10.7 13.8 15.8 20.4 26.8 33.9 30.2 23.9 23.3 13.3 28.7 25.3 15.0
  - Nigeria (annual averages): 10.0 15.7 16.5 12.1 11.4 13.2 17.0 18.8 24.7 32.5 25.0 14.0 28.9 29.0 21.0
  - Zimbabwe (annual averages): 0.8 –1.6 0.9 10.6 255.3 557.2 98.5 193.4 667.4 635.3 23.6 5.1 77.8 8407.8 9.7

### Fiscal Balances and Debt — Major Advanced Economies
- Major Advanced Economies — aggregates (Percent of GDP):
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –5.2; –3.3; –3.4; –3.4; –3.8; –11.6; –8.6; –3.9; –5.9; –6.2; –5.6; –4.7.
  - Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –0.9; –1.0; –0.3; 0.3; 0.5; –3.2; –0.3; 0.4; 0.4; 0.3; 0.1; 0.1.
  - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.6; –3.0; –3.2; –3.3; –3.9; –8.1; –7.7; –5.3; –6.1; –6.0; –5.6; –4.8.
- United States — fiscal and debt indicators:
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.6; –4.4; –4.8; –5.3; –5.8; –13.9; –11.0; –3.9; –7.1; –7.6; –7.3; –6.0.
  - Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –5.8; –4.1; –4.7; –5.3; –6.1; –10.6; –10.5; –6.5; –7.6; –7.7; –7.5; –6.0.
  - Net Debt: 67.3; 81.9; 80.1; 80.8; 82.7; 97.8; 97.3; 93.2; 95.7; 98.8; 101.7; 109.2.
  - Gross Debt: 90.0; 106.6; 105.5; 106.8; 108.0; 131.8; 124.5; 118.6; 118.7; 121.0; 124.1; 131.7.
- Euro Area — fiscal and debt indicators:
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3; –1.5; –1.0; –0.5; –0.6; –7.0; –5.1; –3.5; –3.6; –3.1; –3.1; –2.7.
  - Structural Balance: –2.4; –0.5; –0.5; –0.2; –0.4; –3.9; –3.9; –3.4; –3.5; –2.9; –2.9; –2.7.
  - Net Debt: 66.4; 74.2; 72.0; 70.3; 68.6; 78.6; 78.6; 76.7; 74.3; 73.3; 73.9; 74.7; 76.6.
  - Gross Debt: 82.3; 89.8; 87.5; 85.6; 83.6; 96.6; 96.6; 94.0; 89.9; 87.8; 88.1; 88.4; 89.0.
- Selected country fiscal snapshots (percent of GDP and debt levels):
  - Germany — Net Debt: 55.9; 48.3; 44.6; 42.0; 39.6; 45.1; 46.1; 46.0; 46.1; 45.1; 45.7; 43.3. Gross Debt: 72.4; 67.6; 64.0; 60.7; 58.6; 67.9; 67.9; 64.8; 62.7; 62.7; 62.1; 57.8.
  - France — Net Debt: 74.8; 89.9; 89.5; 89.5; 89.0; 101.6; 100.5; 101.0; 101.7; 104.1; 107.1; 115.9. Gross Debt: 82.8; 98.1; 98.4; 98.1; 97.6; 114.6; 112.6; 111.1; 109.9; 112.3; 115.3; 124.1.
  - Italy — Net Debt: 108.7; 121.0; 120.8; 121.4; 121.2; 140.8; 133.4; 126.9; 124.1; 126.6; 128.7; 133.4. Gross Debt: 119.6; 134.1; 133.6; 134.0; 133.6; 154.1; 145.5; 138.1; 134.6; 136.9; 138.7; 142.3.
  - Japan — Net Debt: 125.8; 149.5; 148.1; 151.1; 151.7; 162.0; 156.3; 149.8; 154.1; 155.8; 153.9; 151.1. Gross Debt (Nonconsolidated basis): 206.9; 232.4; 231.3; 232.4; 236.4; 258.4; 253.7; 256.3; 249.7; 251.2; 248.7; 245.0.
  - United Kingdom — Net Debt: 63.2; 78.8; 77.2; 76.6; 75.8; 93.1; 91.7; 89.8; 91.5; 91.6; 92.4; 96.4. Gross Debt: 70.3; 87.8; 86.7; 86.3; 85.7; 105.8; 105.1; 99.6; 100.0; 101.8; 103.8; 108.3.
  - Canada — Net Debt (Includes equity shares): 24.9; 18.0; 12.7; 11.7; 8.7; 16.1; 14.3; 15.6; 13.1; 14.4; 14.6; 14.6. Gross Debt: 81.0; 92.4; 90.9; 90.8; 90.2; 118.2; 113.5; 107.4; 107.5; 106.1; 103.2; 96.3.
- Note: Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries; adjustments exclude unfunded pension liabilities for some countries as specified in source footnotes.

### Trade, Prices, and Current Accounts
- Table A9 — Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices (Annual percent change):
  - World Trade (Volume): 4.1; 2.7; 2.2; 5.5; 4.0; 1.2; –8.5; 10.8; 5.7; 0.8; 3.1; 3.4.
  - Price Deflator in US Dollars: 1.0; 1.9; –4.0; 4.5; 5.5; –2.5; –1.4; 12.7; 6.8; –2.6; 1.1; 0.6.
  - Price Deflator in SDRs: 1.5; 2.4; –3.3; 4.8; 3.3; –0.1; –2.2; 10.2; 13.7; –2.4; 1.3; –0.2.
- World Trade — Volume of Exports:
  - Advanced Economies: 3.7; 2.3; 2.0; 5.0; 3.4; 1.4; –8.9; 9.7; 5.7; 1.0; 2.5; 2.7.
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 5.2; 3.4; 2.8; 6.3; 4.2; 0.9; –6.9; 13.1; 4.6; 0.6; 4.6; 4.6.
- World Trade Prices in US Dollars — Selected:
  - Manufactures: 1.2; 1.1; –5.2; 0.1; 2.1; 0.5; –3.2; 6.6; 10.3; –1.6; 1.6; 1.2.
  - Oil: –0.5; 3.6; –15.0; 22.5; 29.4; –10.4; –32.0; 65.8; 39.2; –16.4; 0.9; –10.4.
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 3.4; 4.3; –0.3; 6.4; 1.3; 0.7; 6.6; 26.7; 7.9; –5.7; 2.9; –0.2.
- Memoranda:
  - World Exports in Billions of US Dollars (Goods and Services): 20,040; 27,273; 20,838; 23,012; 25,209; 24,819; 22,413; 28,119; 31,552; 30,963; 32,263; 33,542.
  - Average Oil Price (US Dollars a Barrel): 83.36; 66.83; 43.26; 52.98; 68.53; 61.43; 41.77; 69.25; 96.36; 80.59; 81.29; 72.84.
- Table A10 — Summary of Current Account Balances (Billions of US dollars and Percent of GDP):
  - Advanced Economies (Billions): 366.9; 466.3; 383.5; 387.3; 135.7; 456.8; –236.7; 139.0; 226.5; 251.5; 497.3.
  - United States (Billions): –396.2; –367.6; –439.8; –441.8; –601.2; –868.0; –1,012.1; –905.4; –948.6; –933.9; –746.5.
  - Euro Area (Billions): 360.2; 400.3; 389.1; 321.5; 219.5; 367.7; –45.0; 248.5; 418.8; 413.6; 453.2.
  - Japan (Billions): 197.8; 203.5; 177.8; 176.3; 149.9; 196.2; 90.0; 150.0; 154.0; 158.7; 156.8.
  - Advanced Economies — Percent of GDP (selected): 0.8; 1.0; 0.7; 0.7; 0.3; 0.8; –0.4; 0.2; 0.4; 0.4; 0.6.

### Financial Account Balances, Reserves, and Net Lending
- Table A13 — Summary of Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars) — aggregates and selected countries:
  - Advanced Economies — Financial Account Balance (2016–2025 sequence): 440.0 391.8 456.9 152.1 –38.6 442.5 –37.6 132.7 326.6 275.0.
  - Direct Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): –209.3 243.5 –174.8 18.0 82.5 699.5 545.4 571.8 284.4 251.9.
  - Portfolio Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 519.4 26.7 517.4 66.6 110.0 262.1 –740.8 –366.3 –397.2 –156.5.
  - Change in Reserves (Advanced Economies): 190.2 247.6 129.5 68.0 358.2 636.2 –211.5 –49.0 72.2 166.5.
  - United States — Financial Account Balance (2016–2025): –362.4 –373.2 –302.9 –558.4 –672.0 –823.6 –869.1 –924.1 –895.4 –936.6.
  - United States — Direct Investment, Net (2016–2025): –174.6 28.6 –345.4 –201.1 145.3 –133.8 –20.5 105.3 –15.1 –81.2.
  - Japan — Financial Account Balance (2016–2025): 266.5 168.3 183.9 228.3 132.2 153.3 53.2 167.5 151.5 156.4.
  - Japan — Direct Investment, Net: 137.5 155.0 134.6 218.9 87.5 174.7 126.8 162.9 122.4 120.6.
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Financial Account Balance (2016–2025): –396.0 –276.3 –264.1 –149.2 42.4 212.0 551.1 175.6 183.5 131.9.
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Change in Reserves: –481.1 186.4 123.0 167.3 83.9 513.6 120.0 197.0 486.7 479.4.
- Sectional observations:
  - Aggregates present large swings and persistent negative financial account balances for Emerging Market and Developing Economies in several years.
  - Change in Reserves for Emerging Market and Developing Economies moves from –481.1 (2016) to 479.4 (2025) in the published sequences.

### Net Lending and Borrowing, Regional Balances, and Medium-Term Baseline
- Table A14 — Net Lending and Borrowing (Percent of GDP) — selected:
  - World Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3.
  - Advanced Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.8 –0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5.
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.9 0.6 –0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0.
  - Regional example — Emerging and Developing Asia — Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.0 1.4 –0.3 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5.
- Table A15 — Summary of World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (selected projections):
  - World Real GDP (Annual Percent Change): 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2.
  - Advanced Economies (Real GDP): 1.5 1.9 2.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.7.
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Real GDP): 5.6 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0.
  - World Trade, Volume (World): 4.1 2.7 5.7 0.8 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3.
  - Consumer Prices — Advanced Economies: 1.7 2.6 7.3 4.6 2.6 2.0 4.1 2.0.
  - Consumer Prices — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.0 6.1 9.6 8.1 7.9 5.9 7.9 4.2.
  - Total External Debt — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 27.3 30.2 29.1 29.6 29.0 28.3 29.0 27.5.
  - Debt Service — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.7 10.3 10.5 10.3 9.9 9.8 10.1 9.6.

*Italic: tablea — extracted from the Statistical Appendix, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: POLICY PIVOT, RISING THREATS (October 2024).*

### Section 1

### tablea - Section 1

### Summary of World Output
- World real GDP (Annual percent change): 3.6 (2006–15 average); 3.3 (2016); 3.8 (2017); 3.6 (2018); 2.9 (2019); –2.7 (2020); 6.6 (2021); 3.6 (2022); 3.3 (2023); 3.2 (2024); 3.2 (2025); 3.1 (2029).
- Advanced Economies: 1.5 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 1.9 (2019); –4.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.8 (2024); 1.8 (2025); 1.7 (2029).
- United States: 1.6 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.5 (2017); 3.0 (2018); 2.6 (2019); –2.2 (2020); 6.1 (2021); 2.5 (2022); 2.9 (2023); 2.8 (2024); 2.2 (2025); 2.1 (2029).
- Euro Area: 0.8 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 1.8 (2018); 1.6 (2019); –6.1 (2020); 6.2 (2021); 3.3 (2022); 0.4 (2023); 0.8 (2024); 1.2 (2025); 1.2 (2029).
- Japan: 0.5 (2006–15); 0.8 (2016); 1.7 (2017); 0.6 (2018); –0.4 (2019); –4.2 (2020); 2.7 (2021); 1.2 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 0.3 (2024); 1.1 (2025); 0.5 (2029).
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 5.6 (2006–15); 4.4 (2016); 4.8 (2017); 4.7 (2018); 3.7 (2019); –1.8 (2020); 7.0 (2021); 4.0 (2022); 4.4 (2023); 4.2 (2024); 4.2 (2025); 3.9 (2029).
- Value of World Output:
  - At Market Exchange Rates (billions of US dollars): 68,493 (2006–15 average); 76,598 (2016); 81,479 (2017); 86,497 (2018); 87,772 (2019); 85,519 (2020); 97,403 (2021); 101,409 (2022); 105,685 (2023); 110,065 (2024); 115,494 (2025); 139,652 (2029).
  - At Purchasing Power Parities (billions of US dollars): 91,744 (2006–15 average); 117,123 (2016); 123,709 (2017); 131,583 (2018); 139,434 (2019); 139,120 (2020); 155,448 (2021); 172,267 (2022); 184,258 (2023); 194,569 (2024); 204,473 (2025); 248,716 (2029).

### Advanced Economies — Real GDP and Total Domestic Demand (Q4 over Q4)
- Real GDP (Advanced Economies): 1.5 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 1.9 (2019); –4.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.8 (2024); 1.8 (2025); 1.7 (2029).
- United States (Real GDP Q4/Q4): 1.6 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.5 (2017); 3.0 (2018); 2.6 (2019); –2.2 (2020); 6.1 (2021); 2.5 (2022); 2.9 (2023); 2.8 (2024); 2.2 (2025); 3.2 (2023:Q4–2024:Q4) and 2.5 (2024:Q4–2025:Q4) shown in table columns.
- Euro Area (Real GDP Q4/Q4): 0.8 (2006–15); 1.8 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 1.8 (2018); 1.6 (2019); –6.1 (2020); 6.2 (2021); 3.3 (2022); 0.4 (2023); 0.8 (2024); 1.2 (2025); 1.2 (2029).
- Major Advanced Economies (memorandum): 1.2 (2006–15); 1.6 (2016); 2.4 (2017); 2.1 (2018); 1.7 (2019); –4.2 (2020); 5.8 (2021); 2.6 (2022); 1.9 (2023); 1.7 (2024); 1.7 (2025); 1.5 (2029).
- Real Total Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies): 1.3 (2006–15); 2.1 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 2.1 (2019); –3.9 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 3.4 (2022); 1.1 (2023); 1.6 (2024); 1.7 (2025); 1.2 (2029).

### Advanced Economies — Components of Real GDP
- Private Consumer Expenditure (Advanced Economies): 1.4 (2006–15); 1.7 (2016); 2.1 (2017); 2.3 (2018); 2.1 (2019); 1.6 (2020); –5.4 (2020 recessional spike shown); 6.1 (2021); 4.1 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.7 (2024); 1.6 (2025).
- Public Consumption (Advanced Economies): 1.2 (2006–15); 1.9 (2016); 2.0 (2017); 0.8 (2018); 1.6 (2019); 3.0 (2020); 2.2 (2021); 3.4 (2022); 0.7 (2023); 1.9 (2024); 2.2 (2025); 1.4 (2029 as memorandum context).
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Advanced Economies): 1.0 (2006–15); 2.3 (2016); 2.8 (2017); 4.0 (2018); 3.3 (2019); 3.2 (2020); –3.0 (2020); 6.0 (2021); 2.0 (2022); 1.9 (2023); 1.3 (2024); 2.2 (2025).
- Final Domestic Demand (Advanced Economies): 1.3 (2006–15); 1.9 (2016); 2.3 (2017); 2.4 (2018); 2.2 (2019); 2.3 (2020); –3.5 (2020); 5.6 (2021); 2.9 (2022); 1.7 (2023); 1.6 (2024); 1.7 (2025).
- Stock Building (Advanced Economies, changes expressed as percent of GDP in the preceding period): 0.0 (2006–15 average); 0.0 (2016); –0.3 (2017); 0.2 (2018); 0.1 (2019); –0.1 (2020); –0.3 (2021); 0.4 (2022); 0.5 (2023); –0.6 (2024); –0.1 (2025); 0.0 (memorandum).

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Regional Aggregates and Selected Countries
- Emerging and Developing Asia (Annual percent change): 7.9 (2006–15); 6.8 (2016); 6.6 (2017); 6.4 (2018); 5.3 (2019); –0.5 (2020); 7.7 (2021); 4.4 (2022); 5.7 (2023); 5.3 (2024); 5.0 (2025); 4.5 (2029).
- China: 9.6 (2006–15); 6.8 (2016); 6.9 (2017); 6.7 (2018); 6.0 (2019); 2.2 (2020); 8.4 (2021); 3.0 (2022); 5.2 (2023); 4.8 (2024); 4.5 (2025); 3.3 (2029).
- India (note indicator as in source): 6.8 (2006–15); 8.3 (2016); 6.8 (2017); 6.5 (2018); 3.9 (2019); –5.8 (2020); 9.7 (2021); 7.0 (2022); 8.2 (2023); 7.0 (2024); 6.5 (2025); 6.5 (2029).
- Vietnam: 6.2 (2006–15); 6.7 (2016); 6.9 (2017); 7.5 (2018); 7.4 (2019); 2.9 (2020); 2.6 (2021); 8.1 (2022); 5.0 (2023); 6.1 (2024); 6.1 (2025); 5.6 (2029).
- Emerging and Developing Europe (aggregate): 3.1 (2006–15); 1.7 (2016); 4.2 (2017); 3.6 (2018); 2.5 (2019); –1.8 (2020); 7.1 (2021); 0.6 (2022); 3.3 (2023); 3.2 (2024); 2.2 (2025); 2.5 (2029).
- Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate): 3.0 (2006–15); –0.8 (2016); 1.4 (2017); 1.1 (2018); 0.2 (2019); –6.9 (2020); 7.4 (2021); 4.2 (2022); 2.2 (2023); 2.2 (2024); 1.2 (2025); 2.5 (2029).
- Middle East and Central Asia (aggregate): 4.2 (2006–15); 4.3 (2016); 2.6 (2017); 2.7 (2018); 1.9 (2019); –2.2 (2020); 4.4 (2021); 5.5 (2022); 2.1 (2023); 2.4 (2024); 3.9 (2025); 3.8 (2029).
- Sub-Saharan Africa (aggregate): 5.2 (2006–15); 1.5 (2016); 3.0 (2017); 3.3 (2018); 3.2 (2019); –1.6 (2020); 4.8 (2021); 4.1 (2022); 3.6 (2023); 3.6 (2024); 4.2 (2025); 4.4 (2029).

*Source: tablea - Section 1 (Statistical Appendix), from the IMF World Economic Outlook: POLICY PIVOT, RISING THREATS (October 2024).*

### Section 2

### tablea - Section 2

### Summary of Inflation — GDP Deflators (Table A5)
- Advanced Economies: 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 3.3 5.7 4.1 2.5 2.0 1.9
- United States: 1.8 1.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.3 4.6 7.1 3.6 2.4 1.8 1.8
- Euro Area: 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 5.1 5.8 2.8 2.3 2.0
- Japan: –0.4 0.4 –0.1 0.0 0.6 0.9 –0.2 0.4 3.8 2.6 2.1 1.9
- Other Advanced Economies: 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 2.0 3.9 6.1 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.9

### Summary of Inflation — Consumer Prices (Table A5)
- Advanced Economies (annual averages): 1.7 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 3.1 7.3 4.6 2.6 2.0 2.0
- United States (annual averages): 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 4.7 8.0 4.1 3.0 1.9 2.1
- Euro Area (based on Eurostat’s harmonized index of consumer prices): 1.7 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 2.6 8.4 5.4 2.4 2.0 2.0
- Japan (annual averages): 0.3 –0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 –0.2 2.5 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.0
- Other Advanced Economies (annual averages): 2.1 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.4 0.6 2.5 6.6 4.9 2.5 2.1 2.0
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (annual averages): 6.0 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.8 9.6 8.1 7.9 5.9 4.0

### Regional Groups — Consumer Prices (Table A5)
- Emerging and Developing Asia: 4.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.2 2.3 3.9 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.8
- Emerging and Developing Europe: 8.1 5.6 5.6 6.3 6.5 5.1 9.0 25.2 17.1 16.9 11.1 6.2
- Latin America and the Caribbean: 4.8 5.4 6.3 6.7 7.6 6.5 9.9 14.2 14.8 16.8 8.5 3.6
- Middle East and Central Asia: 8.4 5.3 7.0 9.6 7.4 10.3 11.9 13.4 15.6 14.6 10.7 6.3
- Sub-Saharan Africa: 8.1 10.0 10.6 8.4 8.7 11.2 11.6 15.2 17.6 18.1 12.3 7.6

### Analytical Groups and Memoranda (Table A5)
- Fuel exporters (By Source of Export Earnings): 8.1 7.1 6.3 6.3 6.5 9.4 11.6 13.5 12.5 11.9 10.5 7.7
- Nonfuel exporters (By Source of Export Earnings): 5.7 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.2 9.2 7.6 7.5 5.4 3.6
- Net Debtor Economies (By External Financing Source): 6.9 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.7 6.3 7.6 12.9 11.8 10.6 7.6 4.8
- Median Inflation Rate — Advanced Economies: 1.9 0.4 1.6 1.7 1.4 0.3 2.5 8.1 5.3 2.5 2.1 2.0
- Median Inflation Rate — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 4.9 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.7 3.9 7.9 5.9 5.9 4.1 3.0

### Advanced Economies: Consumer Prices — Selected entries (Table A6)
- Advanced Economies (end of period, annual percent change): 1.7 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 3.1 7.3 4.6 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.2 2.0
- United States (end of period): 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 4.7 8.0 4.1 3.0 1.9 2.1 3.2 2.3 1.9
- Euro Area (end of period, HICP): 1.7 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 2.6 8.4 5.4 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.0 2.0
- Japan (end of period): 0.3 –0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 –0.2 2.5 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.9 1.8 1.8
- United Kingdom (end of period): 2.5 0.7 2.7 2.5 1.8 0.9 2.6 9.1 7.3 2.6 2.1 2.0 4.0 2.5 2.0

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Consumer Prices — Sub-Saharan Africa and selected country lines (Table A7)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (end of period, annual percent change): 8.1 10.0 10.6 8.4 8.7 11.2 11.6 15.2 17.6 18.1 12.3 7.6 18.1 16.3 9.8
- Eswatini (annual averages): 6.9 7.8 6.2 4.8 2.6 3.9 3.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.8 4.7
- Ethiopia (annual averages): 16.8 6.6 10.7 13.8 15.8 20.4 26.8 33.9 30.2 23.9 23.3 13.3 28.7 25.3 15.0
- Nigeria (annual averages): 10.0 15.7 16.5 12.1 11.4 13.2 17.0 18.8 24.7 32.5 25.0 14.0 28.9 29.0 21.0
- Zimbabwe (annual averages): 0.8 –1.6 0.9 10.6 255.3 557.2 98.5 193.4 667.4 635.3 23.6 5.1 77.8 8407.8 9.7

*Italic: Extracted from Table A5–A7, “Summary of Inflation” and country consumer price tables, Statistical Appendix — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: POLICY PIVOT, RISING THREATS*

### Section 3

### Major Advanced Economies: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt

### Major Advanced Economies — Aggregates (Percent of GDP, unless noted otherwise)
- Net Lending/Borrowing (Average 2006–15; 2016–2029 series): –5.2; –3.3; –3.4; –3.4; –3.8; –11.6; –8.6; –3.9; –5.9; –6.2; –5.6; –4.7
- Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –0.9; –1.0; –0.3; 0.3; 0.5; –3.2; –0.3; 0.4; 0.4; 0.3; 0.1; 0.1
- Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –4.6; –3.0; –3.2; –3.3; –3.9; –8.1; –7.7; –5.3; –6.1; –6.0; –5.6; –4.8

### United States — Fiscal Balances and Debt
- Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.6; –4.4; –4.8; –5.3; –5.8; –13.9; –11.0; –3.9; –7.1; –7.6; –7.3; –6.0
- Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –1.0; –0.8; –0.5; 0.3; 0.9; –2.7; 0.7; 0.6; 0.8; 0.9; 0.4; 0.1
- Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –5.8; –4.1; –4.7; –5.3; –6.1; –10.6; –10.5; –6.5; –7.6; –7.7; –7.5; –6.0
- Net Debt: 67.3; 81.9; 80.1; 80.8; 82.7; 97.8; 97.3; 93.2; 95.7; 98.8; 101.7; 109.2
- Gross Debt: 90.0; 106.6; 105.5; 106.8; 108.0; 131.8; 124.5; 118.6; 118.7; 121.0; 124.1; 131.7

### Euro Area — Fiscal Balances and Debt
- Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.3; –1.5; –1.0; –0.5; –0.6; –7.0; –5.1; –3.5; –3.6; –3.1; –3.1; –2.7
- Output Gap (Percent of potential GDP): –1.2; –1.8; –0.6; –0.2; 0.0; –4.7; –1.7; 0.5; –0.1; –0.4; –0.4; 0.0
- Structural Balance (Percent of potential GDP): –2.4; –0.5; –0.5; –0.2; –0.4; –3.9; –3.9; –3.4; –3.5; –2.9; –2.9; –2.7
- Net Debt: 66.4; 74.2; 72.0; 70.3; 68.6; 78.6; 78.6; 76.7; 74.3; 73.3; 73.9; 74.7; 76.6
- Gross Debt: 82.3; 89.8; 87.5; 85.6; 83.6; 96.6; 96.6; 94.0; 89.9; 87.8; 88.1; 88.4; 89.0

### Selected Major Economies — Key Fiscal and Debt Figures
- Germany
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –0.9; 1.1; 1.3; 1.9; 1.3; –4.4; –3.2; –2.1; –2.6; –2.0; –1.7; –0.5
  - Output Gap: 0.0; 0.1; 1.0; 0.8; 0.4; –3.1; –1.1; 0.5; –0.4; –1.2; –1.1; 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –0.6; 1.2; 1.1; 1.6; 1.1; –2.9; –2.6; –1.8; –2.4; –1.4; –1.1; –0.5
  - Net Debt: 55.9; 48.3; 44.6; 42.0; 39.6; 45.1; 46.1; 46.0; 46.1; 45.1; 45.7; 43.3
  - Gross Debt: 72.4; 67.6; 64.0; 60.7; 58.6; 67.9; 67.9; 64.8; 62.7; 62.7; 62.1; 57.8

- France
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –4.8; –3.8; –3.4; –2.3; –2.4; –8.9; –6.6; –4.7; –5.5; –6.0; –5.9; –5.9
  - Output Gap: –0.9; –2.7; –1.5; –0.8; 0.0; –4.5; –2.1; –0.9; –0.9; –0.6; –0.6; –0.1
  - Structural Balance: –4.2; –2.0; –2.3; –1.6; –1.4; –5.9; –5.1; –4.1; –4.9; –5.5; –5.5; –5.8
  - Net Debt: 74.8; 89.9; 89.5; 89.5; 89.0; 101.6; 100.5; 101.0; 101.7; 104.1; 107.1; 115.9
  - Gross Debt: 82.8; 98.1; 98.4; 98.1; 97.6; 114.6; 112.6; 111.1; 109.9; 112.3; 115.3; 124.1

- Italy
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –3.2; –2.4; –2.5; –2.2; –1.5; –9.4; –8.9; –8.1; –7.2; –4.0; –3.8; –3.1
  - Output Gap: –3.2; –4.0; –2.7; –2.1; –2.0; –6.5; –3.0; 0.8; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.4
  - Structural Balance: –1.6; –0.6; –1.2; –1.3; –0.5; –5.4; –8.3; –9.2; –8.0; –4.4; –4.5; –3.3
  - Net Debt: 108.7; 121.0; 120.8; 121.4; 121.2; 140.8; 133.4; 126.9; 124.1; 126.6; 128.7; 133.4
  - Gross Debt: 119.6; 134.1; 133.6; 134.0; 133.6; 154.1; 145.5; 138.1; 134.6; 136.9; 138.7; 142.3

- Japan
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.3; –3.6; –3.1; –2.5; –3.0; –9.1; –6.1; –4.4; –4.2; –6.1; –3.0; –4.0
  - Output Gap: 0.1; 0.1; 1.0; 1.9; 0.7; –2.9; –1.6; –0.9; 0.2; 0.2; 0.1; 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –6.2; –4.4; –3.7; –3.0; –3.3; –8.1; –5.4; –4.4; –4.3; –6.2; –3.1; –4.1
  - Net Debt: 125.8; 149.5; 148.1; 151.1; 151.7; 162.0; 156.3; 149.8; 154.1; 155.8; 153.9; 151.1
  - Gross Debt (Nonconsolidated basis): 206.9; 232.4; 231.3; 232.4; 236.4; 258.4; 253.7; 256.3; 249.7; 251.2; 248.7; 245.0

- United Kingdom
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –6.0; –3.3; –2.5; –2.3; –2.5; –13.1; –7.9; –4.7; –6.0; –4.3; –3.7; –3.3
  - Output Gap: –1.6; –1.3; –0.3; –0.3; 0.0; –3.5; 0.5; 1.9; –0.1; –0.4; –0.4; 0.0
  - Structural Balance: –4.9; –2.3; –2.1; –2.1; –2.4; 0.5; –3.3; –3.1; –4.7; –3.0; –3.4; –3.3
  - Net Debt: 63.2; 78.8; 77.2; 76.6; 75.8; 93.1; 91.7; 89.8; 91.5; 91.6; 92.4; 96.4
  - Gross Debt: 70.3; 87.8; 86.7; 86.3; 85.7; 105.8; 105.1; 99.6; 100.0; 101.8; 103.8; 108.3

- Canada
  - Net Lending/Borrowing: –1.2; –0.5; –0.1; 0.4; 0.0; –10.9; –2.9; 0.1; –0.6; –2.0; –1.0; –0.6
  - Output Gap: 0.0; –0.9; 0.4; 0.6; 0.4; –3.4; –1.4; 0.8; 0.0; –0.5; –0.1; 0.1
  - Structural Balance: –1.2; 0.0; –0.3; 0.0; –0.2; –8.2; –1.9; –0.4; –0.6; –1.0; –0.9; –0.7
  - Net Debt (Includes equity shares): 24.9; 18.0; 12.7; 11.7; 8.7; 16.1; 14.3; 15.6; 13.1; 14.4; 14.6; 14.6
  - Gross Debt: 81.0; 92.4; 90.9; 90.8; 90.2; 118.2; 113.5; 107.4; 107.5; 106.1; 103.2; 96.3

Note: Debt data refer to the end of the year and are not always comparable across countries. Gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for countries that have adopted the System of National Accounts 2008 (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined‑benefit pension plans.
- Percent of potential GDP definitions and specific adjustments: see footnotes in source (Percent of potential GDP; figures adjusted to exclude items related to accrual-basis accounting of government employees’ defined‑benefit pension plans; Nonconsolidated basis; Includes equity shares).

---

### Table A9 — Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices (Annual percent change)
- World Trade (Volume): 4.1; 2.7; 2.2; 5.5; 4.0; 1.2; –8.5; 10.8; 5.7; 0.8; 3.1; 3.4
- Price Deflator in US Dollars: 1.0; 1.9; –4.0; 4.5; 5.5; –2.5; –1.4; 12.7; 6.8; –2.6; 1.1; 0.6
- Price Deflator in SDRs: 1.5; 2.4; –3.3; 4.8; 3.3; –0.1; –2.2; 10.2; 13.7; –2.4; 1.3; –0.2

Volume of Trade — Exports (selected groups):
- Advanced Economies: 3.7; 2.3; 2.0; 5.0; 3.4; 1.4; –8.9; 9.7; 5.7; 1.0; 2.5; 2.7
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 5.2; 3.4; 2.8; 6.3; 4.2; 0.9; –6.9; 13.1; 4.6; 0.6; 4.6; 4.6

World Trade Prices in US Dollars — Selected series (annual percent change):
- Manufactures: 1.2; 1.1; –5.2; 0.1; 2.1; 0.5; –3.2; 6.6; 10.3; –1.6; 1.6; 1.2
- Oil: –0.5; 3.6; –15.0; 22.5; 29.4; –10.4; –32.0; 65.8; 39.2; –16.4; 0.9; –10.4
- Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 3.4; 4.3; –0.3; 6.4; 1.3; 0.7; 6.6; 26.7; 7.9; –5.7; 2.9; –0.2

World Trade — Memorandum:
- World Exports in Billions of US Dollars (Goods and Services): 20,040; 27,273; 20,838; 23,012; 25,209; 24,819; 22,413; 28,119; 31,552; 30,963; 32,263; 33,542
- Average Oil Price (In US Dollars a Barrel): 83.36; 66.83; 43.26; 52.98; 68.53; 61.43; 41.77; 69.25; 96.36; 80.59; 81.29; 72.84
- Export Unit Value of Manufactures: 1.2; 1.1; –5.2; 0.1; 2.1; 0.5; –3.2; 6.6; 10.3; –1.6; 1.6; 1.2

Notes: SDRs = special drawing rights. Price indices and commodity group definitions as represented in source footnotes.

---

### Table A10 — Summary of Current Account Balances (Billions of US dollars and Percent of GDP)
- Advanced Economies (Billions): 366.9; 466.3; 383.5; 387.3; 135.7; 456.8; –236.7; 139.0; 226.5; 251.5; 497.3
- United States (Billions): –396.2; –367.6; –439.8; –441.8; –601.2; –868.0; –1,012.1; –905.4; –948.6; –933.9; –746.5
- Euro Area (Billions): 360.2; 400.3; 389.1; 321.5; 219.5; 367.7; –45.0; 248.5; 418.8; 413.6; 453.2
- Japan (Billions): 197.8; 203.5; 177.8; 176.3; 149.9; 196.2; 90.0; 150.0; 154.0; 158.7; 156.8

Advanced Economies — Percent of GDP (selected series):
- Advanced Economies: 0.8; 1.0; 0.7; 0.7; 0.3; 0.8; –0.4; 0.2; 0.4; 0.4; 0.6
- United States: –2.1; –1.9; –2.1; –2.1; –2.8; –3.7; –3.9; –3.3; –3.3; –3.1; –2.1
- Euro Area: 3.0; 3.1; 2.8; 2.4; 1.7; 2.5; –0.3; 1.6; 2.6; 2.4; 2.3
- Japan: 4.0; 4.1; 3.5; 3.4; 3.0; 3.9; 2.1; 3.6; 3.8; 3.6; 3.1

Regional and Analytical highlights (Billions):
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: –110.3; –24.5; –52.4; 0.1; 146.6; 385.4; 706.3; 278.8; 173.4; 126.9; –98.9
- Emerging and Developing Asia (Billions): 209.4; 164.1; –53.2; 93.7; 320.5; 288.6; 336.5; 247.3; 221.8; 260.1; 135.3
- World (Memorandum, Billions): 256.6; 441.8; 331.0; 387.3; 282.4; 842.2; 469.6; 417.8; 400.0; 378.4; 398.4

By source of export earnings (Billions):
- Fuel exporters: –102.6; 42.3; 204.3; 69.4; –101.0; 194.8; 509.7; 236.9; 170.0; 114.2; 57.5
- Nonfuel exporters: –5.5; –64.7; –254.6; –67.6; 249.6; 192.4; 198.7; 44.8; 7.0; 15.9; –153.3

Percent of GDP (selected analytical groups):
- Net Debtor Economies (Percent of GDP): –2.2; –2.2; –2.8; –2.1; –1.0; –2.0; –2.7; –1.5; –1.8; –2.0; –2.0
- Fuel exporters (Percent of exports of goods and services): –8.7; 2.9; 12.5; 4.5; –9.2; 12.8; 24.0; 12.2; 8.6; 5.5; 2.2

Memoranda:
- World Exports in Billions of US Dollars (Goods and Services): 20,040; 27,273; 20,838; 23,012; 25,209; 24,819; 22,413; 28,119; 31,552; 30,963; 32,263; 33,542

---

### Table A11 — Advanced Economies: Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP) — Country Details (selected)
- Advanced Economies aggregate: 0.8; 1.0; 0.7; 0.7; 0.3; 0.8; –0.4; 0.2; 0.4; 0.4; 0.6
- United States: –2.1; –1.9; –2.1; –2.1; –2.8; –3.7; –3.9; –3.3; –3.3; –3.1; –2.1
- Euro Area (sum of individual euro area countries): 3.6; 3.5; 3.4; 3.1; 2.4; 3.7; 1.2; 2.8; 3.6; 3.5; 3.3
- Germany: 8.5; 7.7; 7.8; 8.0; 6.5; 7.2; 4.2; 6.2; 6.2; 6.6; 4.5; 5.6
- Japan: 4.0; 4.1; 3.5; 3.4; 3.0; 3.9; 2.1; 3.6; 3.8; 3.6; 3.1
- United Kingdom: –5.4; –3.5; –3.9; –2.7; –2.9; –0.4; –2.1; –2.0; –2.8; –2.8; –2.5
- Korea: 6.2; 4.4; 4.2; 4.3; 4.4; 4.4; 1.4; 1.9; 3.9; 3.6; 4.3
- Taiwan Province of China: 13.1; 14.1; 11.6; 10.7; 14.5; 15.3; 13.3; 13.8; 14.8; 14.6; 17.8
- Switzerland: 7.3; 5.3; 5.6; 4.1; 0.5; 6.9; 9.4; 6.9; 8.2; 7.6; 7.6

Country-level details include numerous additional euro area and smaller advanced-economy entries in source tables (data corrected for intra-area transaction reporting discrepancies where noted).

---

*Source: tablea - Section 3, extracted from the published Statistical Appendix tables in the provided PDF.*

### Section 4

### tablea - Section 4

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Current Account Balance (Percent of GDP)
- Emerging and Developing Asia row (2016–2029): 1.30.9–0.30.51.51.21.31.00.80.90.4
- Selected country rows (2016–2029) as presented:
  - Bangladesh: 1.6–0.5–3.0–1.3–1.5–1.1–4.0–2.6–1.4–1.5–1.4
  - China: 1.71.50.20.71.72.02.51.41.41.61.2
  - India: –0.6–1.8–2.1–0.90.9–1.2–2.0–0.7–1.1–1.3–2.2
  - Indonesia: –1.8–1.6–2.9–2.7–0.40.31.0–0.2–1.0–1.2–1.4
  - Malaysia: 2.42.82.23.54.23.93.21.52.62.83.0
  - Philippines: –0.4–0.7–2.6–0.83.2–1.5–4.5–2.6–2.2–1.8–1.1
  - Vietnam: 0.2–0.61.93.84.3–2.20.35.83.02.71.3
- Emerging and Developing Europe row (2016–2029): –0.2–0.61.81.40.11.62.7–0.5–0.3–0.7–0.8
- Latin America and the Caribbean row (2016–2029): –2.2–1.8–2.7–2.1–0.2–1.8–2.2–1.1–0.9–1.1–1.2
- Middle East and Central Asia row (2016–2029): –4.2–1.02.90.4–3.63.48.43.71.70.8–0.3
- Sub-Saharan Africa row (2016–2029): –3.5–2.0–2.0–3.0–2.6–0.9–2.2–2.7–3.2–2.9–2.4
- Notes: Country-specific rows include the full 2016–2029 sequence as published (including entries marked with country note indicators where applicable).

### Table A13 — Summary of Financial Account Balances (Billions of US dollars)
- World / Advanced Economies aggregates (selected rows, 2016–2025):
  - Advanced Economies — Financial Account Balance: 440.0391.8456.9152.1–38.6442.5–37.6132.7326.6275.0
  - Direct Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): –209.3243.5–174.818.082.5699.5545.4571.8284.4251.9
  - Portfolio Investment, Net (Advanced Economies): 519.426.7517.466.6110.0262.1–740.8–366.3–397.2–156.5
  - Change in Reserves (Advanced Economies): 190.2247.6129.568.0358.2636.2–211.5–49.072.2166.5
- United States (2016–2025):
  - Financial Account Balance: –362.4–373.2–302.9–558.4–672.0–823.6–869.1–924.1–895.4–936.6
  - Direct Investment, Net: –174.628.6–345.4–201.1145.3–133.8–20.5105.3–15.1–81.2
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: –193.8–250.178.8–244.9–540.297.4–437.7–1,149.5–530.4–354.3
- Euro Area (selected rows as published):
  - Financial Account Balance: 316.8373.7353.0266.9219.5437.754.9351.4. . .. . .
  - Direct Investment, Net: 124.335.5104.7118.6–198.2498.3305.56.6. . .. . .
- Japan (2016–2025):
  - Financial Account Balance: 266.5168.3183.9228.3132.2153.353.2167.5151.5156.4
  - Direct Investment, Net: 137.5155.0134.6218.987.5174.7126.8162.9122.4120.6
  - Change in Reserves: –5.723.624.025.510.962.8–47.429.8–87.511.5
- United Kingdom (2016–2025):
  - Financial Account Balance: –159.8–102.4–124.0–98.5–93.8–14.2–78.6–59.9–104.6–110.8
  - Direct Investment, Net: –297.446.1–4.9–42.2–140.4156.880.7154.37.27.5
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (2016–2025):
  - Financial Account Balance: –396.0–276.3–264.1–149.242.4212.0551.1175.6183.5131.9
  - Direct Investment, Net: –271.4–306.5–375.9–355.5–319.8–483.6–250.5–155.9–185.7–276.4
  - Portfolio Investment, Net: –50.2–210.3–105.8–74.3–13.9115.2502.8150.3–30.3–39.7
  - Other Investment, Net: 405.157.296.8108.1265.674.7168.2–30.6–108.8–50.6
  - Change in Reserves: –481.1186.4123.0167.383.9513.6120.0197.0486.7479.4

### Regional and Analytical Group Summaries (Table A13)
- Regional groups (Financial Account Balance, selected 2016–2025 sequences):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: –29.9–59.2–263.2–52.1155.1143.1207.0188.3222.1265.9
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 10.9–25.4106.260.28.785.5162.2–28.5–4.7–33.8
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: –113.0–110.8–166.0–124.4–9.2–106.3–147.6–86.5–70.7–89.5
  - Middle East and Central Asia: –198.6–37.596.021.0–92.6107.0380.8164.186.036.6
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: –65.3–43.4–37.0–53.9–19.7–17.3–51.1–61.8–49.2–47.4
- Analytical groups (selected):
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel: Financial Account Balance –160.517.7165.854.6–56.1165.0465.4194.4159.2103.6
  - By Source of Export Earnings — Nonfuel: Financial Account Balance –235.5–294.0–429.8–203.898.547.185.8–18.824.328.3
  - By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies: Financial Account Balance –275.5–329.3–359.5–293.8–117.9–304.9–423.1–290.1–327.0–382.6

### Key structural observations from the tables
- The tables present comprehensive time series (2016–2029 for current accounts; 2016–2025 for financial accounts) by country, region, and analytical grouping with exact numeric sequences for each row as published.
- Aggregates for Emerging Market and Developing Economies show persistent negative financial account balances in several years and substantial swings in Change in Reserves (e.g., –481.1 in 2016 to 479.4 in 2025 for the emerging market aggregate).
- Regional aggregates illustrate divergent trends across regions (for example, Emerging and Developing Asia shifting from negative to positive financial account balances across the published horizon).

*Italic: Table A12 and Table A13 excerpts from the Statistical Appendix (as provided).*

### Section 5

### tablea - Section 5

### Financial Account and Reserves (selected lines)
- Other Investment, Net: –35.2–10.7–4.42.910.78.4–24.8–25.8–13.9–44.5
- Change in Reserves: 1.815.94.50.7–17.95.1–20.910.326.313.3
- Financial Account Balance (World): 44.1115.5192.93.03.7654.5513.6308.2510.1406.8

### Table A14 — Summary of Net Lending and Borrowing (Percent of GDP): Advanced Economies (selected series and country highlights)
- Advanced Economies: Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.30.40.60.70.20.8–0.20.20.40.40.5
- Advanced Economies: Current Account Balance: –0.20.40.70.70.30.8–0.40.20.40.40.5
- Advanced Economies: Savings: 21.722.023.123.322.623.523.222.422.322.422.9
- Advanced Economies: Investment: 21.921.522.522.722.422.723.422.622.222.322.6
- United States:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –3.3–2.4–2.1–2.1–2.8–3.7–3.9–3.3–3.3–3.1–2.4
  - Current Account Balance: –3.3–2.3–2.1–2.1–2.8–3.7–3.9–3.3–3.3–3.1–2.4
  - Savings: 17.318.119.119.318.217.618.317.417.918.219.3
  - Investment: 20.520.321.621.721.421.321.921.521.822.022.3
- Euro Area:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.61.72.52.21.72.90.81.8. . .. . .. . .
  - Current Account Balance: 0.51.72.82.41.72.5–0.31.62.62.42.3
  - Savings: 22.522.824.925.524.526.525.425.525.024.924.9
  - Investment: 21.120.321.522.321.922.723.521.920.620.620.8
- Germany:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 6.47.17.87.96.27.13.65.56.66.45.7
  - Current Account Balance: 6.47.17.88.06.57.24.26.26.66.45.7
  - Savings: 26.427.129.329.328.129.627.227.827.226.926.8
  - Investment: 19.920.021.521.321.722.523.021.720.620.521.1
- France:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.6–0.8–0.60.7–2.00.6–0.8–0.70.30.1–0.1
  - Current Account Balance: –0.7–0.8–0.70.6–2.10.3–1.2–1.00.1–0.1–0.3
  - Savings: 21.521.021.923.620.823.724.623.922.321.821.3
  - Investment: 22.121.822.623.022.823.425.824.922.321.921.6
- Italy:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.90.42.53.13.82.2–1.20.71.41.82.2
  - Current Account Balance: –0.90.32.53.23.82.1–1.70.01.11.42.1
  - Savings: 18.818.721.221.521.724.123.022.723.123.624.7
  - Investment: 19.818.318.718.417.922.024.822.822.122.222.6
- Spain:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –2.71.12.42.51.21.61.33.74.34.12.9
  - Current Account Balance: –3.10.71.92.1 0.80.80.42.73.43.22.6
  - Savings: 19.820.122.623.021.422.623.023.723.823.823.3
  - Investment: 23.019.420.720.920.621.922.721.020.420.620.7
- Japan:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 2.52.43.53.42.93.82.13.53.73.63.3
  - Current Account Balance: 2.62.53.53.43.03.92.13.63.83.63.3
  - Savings: 27.126.829.229.228.229.728.930.030.430.329.7
  - Investment: 24.524.425.625.825.225.826.826.426.626.626.4
- United Kingdom:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –3.6–4.0–4.1–2.7–3.1–0.5–2.2–2.2–2.9–3.0–2.7
  - Current Account Balance: –3.6–3.9–3.9–2.7–2.9–0.4–2.1–2.0–2.8–2.8–2.6
  - Savings: 13.313.114.115.614.617.216.615.814.314.314.7
  - Investment: 16.917.018.118.217.617.718.717.717.117.117.3

### Table A14 — Regional Groups (selected series)
- Canada:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.9–3.1–2.4–2.0–2.00.0–0.4–0.7–1.0–1.3–2.1
  - Savings: 22.021.021.021.120.724.325.023.322.422.221.3
  - Investment: 24.024.123.423.022.724.325.424.023.423.423.4
- Other Advanced Economies:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 4.14.54.54.55.16.76.86.26.26.05.8
  - Current Account Balance: 4.24.64.34.65.16.86.86.16.15.95.7
  - Savings: 30.530.630.330.131.333.333.331.931.231.131.4
  - Investment: 26.225.825.825.525.926.226.325.625.125.225.6
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 1.90.6–0.10.00.51.01.60.60.40.30.0
  - Current Account Balance: 1.80.5–0.20.00.41.01.70.60.40.30.0
  - Savings: 32.632.432.532.132.834.334.532.532.332.332.4
  - Investment: 31.031.932.732.232.433.533.132.032.032.232.5
- Emerging and Developing Asia:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 3.01.4–0.30.51.51.21.41.00.90.90.5
  - Current Account Balance: 2.91.3–0.30.51.51.21.31.00.80.90.5
  - Savings: 43.042.140.039.540.341.041.139.339.439.338.9
  - Investment: 40.240.840.239.138.739.839.738.338.638.438.3
- Emerging and Developing Europe:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.4–0.12.21.80.62.02.9–0.2–0.2–0.6–0.5
  - Current Account Balance: –0.6–0.41.81.40.11.62.7–0.5–0.3–0.7–0.7
  - Savings: 23.523.725.724.324.026.228.224.523.123.124.0
  - Investment: 24.024.123.823.023.924.525.424.823.423.824.7
- Latin America and the Caribbean:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –1.6–2.5–2.7–2.1–0.1–1.9–2.2–1.2–1.0–1.3–1.3
  - Current Account Balance: –1.7–2.6–2.7–2.1–0.2–1.8–2.2–1.1–0.9–1.1–1.2
  - Savings: 20.118.616.416.717.818.618.118.618.718.618.9
  - Investment: 21.821.219.118.818.120.520.419.719.619.820.1
- Middle East and Central Asia:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 7.54.22.50.2–3.53.18.13.51.70.70.1
  - Current Account Balance: 7.6 4.12.90.4–3.63.48.43.71.70.80.2
  - Savings: 35.331.628.627.022.127.832.829.628.127.426.9
  - Investment: 27.827.226.026.725.724.725.026.526.627.027.3
- Sub-Saharan Africa:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –0.1–1.8–1.6–2.6–2.2–0.6–1.9–2.2–2.7–2.5–2.1
  - Current Account Balance: –1.1–2.5–2.0–3.0–2.6–0.9–2.2–2.7–3.2–2.9–2.5
  - Savings: 20.319.120.020.120.322.020.019.519.019.721.2
  - Investment: 21.421.421.623.022.822.821.822.021.822.123.4
  - Capital Account Balance: 1.00.60.40.40.40.40.30.40.50.40.4

### Table A14 — Analytical Groups and External Financing (selected series)
- By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 9.55.55.21.7–3.45.111.15.23.72.31.5
  - Current Account Balance: 9.65.55.51.9–3.35.411.45.63.92.61.7
  - Savings: 37.133.031.329.724.932.036.833.132.331.030.2
  - Investment: 27.627.125.827.728.327.125.928.128.829.129.4
- By Source of Export Earnings — Nonfuel:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.6–0.2–0.7–0.10.90.60.60.20.00.1–0.1
  - Current Account Balance: 0.4–0.3–0.8–0.20.80.50.50.10.00.0–0.2
  - Savings: 31.932.232.632.433.634.534.332.532.332.532.6
  - Investment: 31.532.633.432.732.834.033.832.432.332.532.8
- By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –2.1–2.4–2.5–1.9–0.7–1.8–2.6–1.4–1.7–1.9–1.9
  - Current Account Balance: –2.5–2.7–2.8–2.1–1.0–2.0–2.7–1.5–1.8–2.0–2.0
  - Savings: 23.422.822.722.522.923.723.223.622.822.923.5
  - Investment: 25.925.525.424.723.925.725.925.024.624.925.6
- Net Debtor Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23:
  - Net Lending and Borrowing: –2.8–3.9–3.4–3.2–1.9–2.0–1.9–2.4–4.1–4.5–2.8
  - Current Account Balance: –3.7–4.6–3.8–3.6–2.4–2.4–2.2–2.8–4.5–4.9–3.1
  - Savings: 20.919.320.418.917.318.118.116.314.715.118.0
  - Investment: 24.924.124.223.320.120.720.319.519.119.821.0
  - Capital Account Balance: 0.90.70.40.40.50.40.40.40.50.40.3

### Table A14 — Memorandum: World aggregates (selected series)
- World Net Lending and Borrowing: 0.40.50.30.40.30.90.60.40.40.40.3
- World Current Account Balance: 0.40.40.40.40.30.90.50.40.40.30.3
- World Savings: 25.425.926.826.826.627.927.926.626.426.526.9
- World Investment: 25.125.426.526.526.427.127.426.426.226.426.8
- World Capital Account Balance: 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.0

### Table A15 — Summary of World Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (selected projections)
- World Real GDP (Annual Percent Change): 3.63.13.63.33.23.23.33.2
- Advanced Economies (Real GDP): 1.51.92.91.71.81.82.11.7
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (Real GDP): 5.63.94.04.44.24.24.24.0
- Potential Output — Major Advanced Economies: 1.41.61.81.91.81.91.91.6
- World Trade, Volume (Data refer to trade in goods and services):
  - World: 4.12.75.70.83.13.43.23.3
  - Imports — Advanced Economies: 3.02.57.2–0.72.12.42.72.6
  - Imports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.73.14.23.04.64.94.24.3
  - Exports — Advanced Economies: 3.72.35.71.02.52.72.92.9
  - Exports — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 5.23.44.60.64.64.63.64.1
- Terms of Trade:
  - Advanced Economies: 0.00.2–1.70.70.10.0–0.2–0.1
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 0.40.01.5–0.8–0.70.00.0–0.2
- World Prices in US Dollars:
  - Manufactures: 1.21.110.3–1.61.61.22.81.3
  - Oil: –0.53.639.2–16.40.9–10.41.3–2.1
  - Nonfuel Primary Commodities: 3.44.37.9–5.72.9–0.21.10.6
- Consumer Prices:
  - Advanced Economies: 1.72.67.34.62.62.04.12.0
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 6.06.19.68.17.95.97.94.2
- Interest Rates Percent — World Real Long-Term Interest Rate (GDP-weighted average of 10-year or nearest-maturity government bond rates for Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States):
  - 1.2–0.7–5.0–1.30.81.4–1.01.2
- Current Account Balances (Percent of GDP):
  - Advanced Economies: –0.20.5–0.40.20.40.40.10.5
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 1.80.41.70.60.40.30.70.0
- Total External Debt — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 27.330.229.129.629.028.329.027.5
- Debt Service — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 9.710.310.510.39.99.810.19.6

*International Monetary Fund | October 2024 — tablea - Section 5*

---


_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/october/english/tablea.pdf_