## tableb

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### Section 1 — Advanced Economies: Unemployment, Employment, and Real GDP per Capita (Percent)

- Unemployment Rate (Averages and Projections)
  - Advanced Economies — 7.2, 5.1, 5.7, 5.1, 4.8, 6.6, 5.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, 4.6
  - United States — 7.0, 4.5, 4.4, 3.9, 3.7, 8.1, 5.4, 3.6, 3.6, 4.0, 4.2, 4.2
  - Euro Area — 10.2, 7.3, 9.1, 8.2, 7.6, 8.0, 7.8, 6.7, 6.6, 6.4, 6.4, 6.3
  - Japan — 4.1, 2.6, 2.8, 2.4, 2.4, 2.8, 2.8, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6
  - United Kingdom — 6.7, 4.3, 4.4, 4.1, 3.8, 4.6, 4.6, 4.6, 3.8, 4.1, 4.3, 4.4
  - Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 6.7, 4.7, 5.0, 4.5, 4.3, 6.5, 5.2, 4.1, 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.4

- Growth in Employment (Compound annual rate of change)
  - Advanced Economies — 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.2, –2.7, 1.8, 2.7, 1.6, 0.9, 0.5, 0.4
  - United States — 0.5, 0.8, 1.3, 1.6, 1.1, –6.2, 3.2, 3.7, 1.7, 0.9, 0.8, 0.5
  - Euro Area — 0.3, 1.0, 1.6, 1.7, 1.3, –1.4, 1.6, 2.4, 1.4, 1.0, 0.3, 0.2
  - Japan — 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.9, –0.2, 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.1, –0.3, –0.2
  - United Kingdom — 0.9, 0.7, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, –1.1, 0.0, 1.2, 1.2, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0
  - Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.1, –3.3, 1.9, 2.5, 1.4, 0.8, 0.4, 0.3

- Growth in Real per Capita Output (Compound annual rate of change)
  - Advanced Economies — 0.8, 1.3, 2.1, 1.8, 1.5, –4.4, 5.8, 2.4, 0.9, 1.2, 0.9, 1.2
  - United States — 0.7, 1.7, 1.8, 2.4, 2.1, –3.0, 5.7, 2.0, 2.1, 1.9, 1.2, 1.1
  - Euro Area — 0.4, 1.0, 2.4, 1.5, 1.4, –6.4, 6.3, 3.1, –0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9
  - Japan — 0.5, 0.7, 1.8, 0.8, –0.2, –3.9, 3.0, 1.3, 2.0, 0.6, 1.0, 1.1
  - United Kingdom — 0.4, 0.5, 2.0, 0.8, 1.1, –10.7, 8.3, 4.3, –0.9, 0.0, 0.1, 0.6
  - Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 0.6, 1.2, 1.9, 1.7, 1.4, –4.7, 5.6, 2.2, 1.2, 1.1, 0.8, 1.1

### Section 2 — Fiscal Balances, Exchange Rates, and Real Effective Exchange Rates

- Advanced Economies: General Government Structural Balances (Percent of potential GDP; 2017–2026)
  - Advanced Economies: –2.6, –2.7, –3.4, –7.0, –6.5, –4.3, –4.8, –5.0, –4.5, –4.0
  - United States: –4.8, –5.4, –6.2, –10.7, –10.6, –6.1, –7.2, –7.7, –6.7, –5.5
  - Euro Area: –0.6, –0.4, –0.6, –3.6, –4.0, –3.6, –3.6, –3.1, –3.0, –3.3
  - Germany: 1.1, 1.6, 1.1, –2.9, –2.6, –1.8, –2.3, –2.2, –2.2, –3.0
  - France: –2.3, –1.6, –1.4, –5.9, –5.1, –4.1, –4.8, –5.3, –5.0, –5.5
  - Italy: –1.4, –1.3, –0.5, –3.1, –7.8, –8.8, –7.7, –3.5, –3.1, –2.8
  - Japan: –3.7, –3.0, –3.3, –8.1, –5.4, –4.2, –2.4, –2.5, –2.8, –3.0
  - United Kingdom: –2.1, –2.1, –2.4, 0.5, –3.2, –2.9, –4.8, –4.5, –4.0, –3.3
  - Memorandum — Major Advanced Economies: –3.3, –3.4, –4.0, –8.0, –7.7, –5.0, –5.7, –5.8, –5.2, –4.6

- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: General Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Percent of GDP; 2017–2026)
  - Aggregate: –3.8, –3.4, –4.4, –8.4, –5.0, –4.8, –5.2, –5.5, –6.1, –5.9
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: –3.6, –4.1, –5.6, –9.3, –6.2, –6.9, –6.3, –6.7, –7.5, –7.5
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: –1.6, 0.3, –0.7, –5.3, –1.6, –2.6, –4.5, –4.7, –4.1, –3.5
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: –5.1, –5.0, –3.7, –8.1, –3.9, –3.6, –5.1, –4.7, –4.7, –4.0
  - Middle East and Central Asia: –4.6, –1.6, –2.5, –7.7, –2.3, 2.2, –0.6, –1.9, –3.4, –3.3
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: –4.4, –3.5, –4.1, –6.5, –5.0, –4.5, –4.0, –4.2, –4.2, –3.9
  - Analytical groups — Fuel: –4.7, –1.4, –1.7, –7.4, –1.4, 3.6, 0.4, –1.0, –2.6, –2.6
  - Analytical groups — Nonfuel: –3.6, –3.7, –4.7, –8.5, –5.3, –5.8, –5.8, –6.0, –6.5, –6.2
  - Selected countries (2017–2026):
    - Indonesia: –2.3, –1.8, –2.1, –6.1, –4.4, –2.3, –1.9, –2.3, –2.6, –2.6
    - Brazil: –7.7, –5.4, –3.2, –11.5, –1.8, –3.2, –7.4, –6.6, –8.5, –7.6
    - Thailand: –0.7, –0.1, 0.1, –4.8, –7.1, –4.9, –2.3, –1.6, –3.3, –3.1
    - Vietnam: –2.3, –1.3, –0.5, –3.0, –1.5, 0.7, –2.4, –1.6, –3.4, –3.2
    - Philippines: –0.7, –1.5, –1.6, –5.7, –6.3, –5.6, –4.5, –4.0, –4.0, –3.0
    - Malaysia: –2.4, –2.6, –2.0, –4.9, –6.0, –4.6, –4.0, –4.0, –3.4, –3.4
    - Colombia: –2.5, –4.7, –3.5, –7.0, –7.1, –6.2, –3.2, –4.7, –4.4, –3.3
    - Chile: –2.6, –1.5, –2.7, –7.1, –7.5, 1.4, –2.3, –2.7, –2.0, –1.1
    - Peru: –2.8, –2.0, –1.4, –8.3, –2.5, –1.4, –2.8, –3.6, –2.5, –2.3

- Table B9 selected entries (2017–2026)
  - China: –3.3, –4.2, –6.0, –9.6, –5.9, –7.3, –6.7, –7.3, –8.6, –8.5
  - India: –6.2, –6.4, –7.7, –12.9, –9.4, –9.0, –7.9, –7.4, –6.9, –7.2
  - Ukraine: –2.4, –2.1, –2.1, –5.9, –4.0, –15.6, –19.6, –17.2, –18.8, –9.7
  - Russia: –1.5, 2.9, 1.9, –4.0, 0.8, –1.6, –2.5, –2.2, –1.0, –1.2
  - Egypt: –9.9, –9.0, –7.6, –7.5, –7.0, –5.7, –5.8, –7.1, –12.1, –10.1
  - Nigeria: –5.4, –4.3, –4.7, –5.6, –5.5, –5.4, –4.2, –3.4, –4.5, –4.5
  - South Africa: –4.0, –3.7, –5.1, –9.6, –5.5, –4.3, –5.4, –6.1, –6.6, –6.1

- Table B10 — Exchange Rate Assumptions (Nominal; 2017–2025)
  - US Dollars per National Currency Unit:
    - Euro: 1.129, 1.181, 1.120, 1.141, 1.184, 1.054, 1.082, 1.082, 1.077
    - British Pound: 1.288, 1.336, 1.277, 1.283, 1.376, 1.237, 1.243, 1.278, 1.289
  - National Currency Units per US Dollar:
    - Japanese Yen: 112.166, 110.423, 109.010, 106.775, 109.754, 131.498, 140.491, 151.366, 149.171
    - Korean Won: 1,131.001, 1,100.163, 1,165.358, 1,180.005, 1,143.952, 1,291.447, 1,305.663, 1,363.375, 1,457.592
    - Canadian Dollar: 1.298, 1.296, 1.327, 1.341, 1.254, 1.302, 1.350, 1.369, 1.429
    - Australian Dollar: 1.304, 1.337, 1.438, 1.448, 1.330, 1.439, 1.504, 1.515, 1.591

- Table B10 — Real Effective Exchange Rates (Index, 2010 = 100; selected series 2017–2024)
  - United States: 126.7, 123.8, 131.4, 135.9, 134.7, 149.7, 150.9, 152.4, 154.9
  - Euro Area: 84.9, 87.8, 84.3, 85.7, 83.7, 79.6, 81.7, 84.4, 85.3
  - Japan: 77.0, 74.7, 75.2, 75.1, 73.4, 61.9, 56.1, 51.8, 52.4
  - United Kingdom: 96.4, 98.8, 100.6, 104.4, 112.4, 112.7, 114.1, 114.9, 114.9
  - Korea: 143.1, 153.0, 147.3, 139.8, 138.9, 138.5, 143.1, 139.1, 130.7
  - China (Taiwan Province of China): 104.8, 103.7, 99.2, 99.9, 100.3, 98.6, 91.3, 85.8, 83.0

### Section 3 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Money Aggregates, Trade, and Current Account Summaries

- Broad Money Aggregates (Annual percent change; 2017–2026)
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 10.7, 12.0, 10.8, 14.7, 11.7, 12.7, 13.4, 11.7, 9.4, 9.3
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 9.1, 8.4, 8.6, 10.6, 9.2, 10.7, 9.4, 7.5, 7.7, 8.0
  - China: 9.0, 8.1, 8.7, 10.1, 9.0, 11.8, 9.7, 7.3, 7.5, 7.5
  - India: 9.2, 10.5, 8.9, 12.2, 8.8, 9.0, 11.1, 10.3, 10.0, 10.6
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 9.6, 12.8, 11.5, 20.2, 18.7, 18.9, 23.6, 20.0, 14.9, 12.2
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 16.5, 25.3, 18.5, 26.9, 16.2, 15.1, 20.0, 18.3, 8.9, 9.7
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 6.9, 12.5, 13.3, 18.1, 12.8, 16.0, 26.8, 23.1, 14.2, 12.2
  - Analytical — Fuel: 17.3, 35.2, 23.6, 19.6, 14.8, 15.2, 17.4, 15.6, 14.5, 13.5
  - Analytical — Nonfuel: 9.8, 9.3, 9.4, 14.1, 11.4, 12.5, 13.0, 11.3, 8.8, 8.8
  - Memorandum — Median Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.8, 8.1, 8.7, 13.9, 11.3, 8.5, 8.9, 9.3, 8.1, 7.8

- Table B12 — Advanced Economies: Export and Import Volumes, Terms of Trade (Annual percent change; selected series)
  - Export Volume — Advanced Economies: 3.0, 2.2, 4.9, 3.4, 1.4, –8.8, 9.7, 5.9, 1.1, 2.1, 1.2, 2.0
  - Import Volume — Advanced Economies: 2.5, 2.4, 4.8, 3.8, 2.0, –8.2, 10.2, 7.3, –0.6, 2.4, 1.9, 2.0
  - Terms of Trade — Advanced Economies: 0.2, 0.2, –0.2, –0.4, 0.1, 0.9, 1.1, –1.6, 0.5, 0.9, 0.4, 0.1

- Table B13 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Total Trade in Goods (Value, Volume, Unit Value; annual percent change)
  - Exports value: 4.4, 5.4, 13.9, 11.5, –2.6, –6.6, 31.4, 13.5, –6.5, 4.3, –1.6, 2.5
  - Imports value: 5.8, 5.7, 13.3, 11.3, –1.8, –7.8, 30.4, 12.1, –3.1, 3.7, 0.6, 3.3
  - Exports volume: 4.2, 3.1, 6.6, 3.8, –0.5, –1.4, 12.0, 0.9, –0.2, 6.6, 0.9, 2.7
  - Imports volume: 5.3, 3.1, 7.4, 4.9, 0.0, –5.6, 11.9, 2.3, 1.8, 4.3, 1.1, 3.4
  - Unit value — Exports: 0.5, 2.4, 6.9, 7.2, –2.1, –4.9, 17.9, 12.1, –6.2, –1.9, –2.4, –0.1
  - Unit value — Imports: 0.6, 2.6, 5.5, 6.1, –1.8, –2.3, 16.9, 9.5, –4.9, –0.5, –0.4, –0.1
  - Terms of Trade: –0.1, –0.2, 1.4, 1.1, –0.3, –2.7, 0.9, 2.4, –1.3, –1.4, –2.0, –0.1

- Table B15 — Summary of Current Account Transactions (Billions of US dollars; selected entries)
  - Advanced Economies — Current Account Balance: Average 2007–16: –1.0; Average 2011–18: 245.7; 2019: 371.7; 2020: 120.4; 2021: 436.1; 2022: –273.2; 2023: 24.9; 2024: 102.9; 2025: –71.1; 2026: 56.8; 2027–30: 189.9
  - Advanced Economies — Trade Balance (mem.): 74.0, 243.3, 283.0, 218.0, 417.0, –109.7, 320.4, 428.9, 250.8, 301.4, 412.1
  - Advanced Economies — Services Balance (selected): 442.0, 547.3, 582.7, 493.5, 745.3, 751.0, 758.0, 867.9, 796.9, 775.5, 948.9
  - Country highlights — United States — Current Account Balance: –463.3, –399.4, –441.8, –601.2, –868.0, –1,012.1, –905.4, –1,133.6, –1,137.7, –1,006.5, –927.1
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Current Account Balance: 275.4, 106.3, 19.4, 169.5, 384.2, 699.6, 299.6, 415.7, 124.9, 39.2, –8.9

### Section 4 — Regional Current Account Summaries, Analytical Groups, External Debt and Debt Service

- Regional Groups — Current Account Balance and components (Average 2007–16 through 2027–30; selected highlights)
  - Emerging and Developing Asia — Current Account Balance: 238.5, 145.7, 93.7, 323.0, 287.6, 337.1, 253.7, 410.8, 309.4, 253.8, 220.2
    - Exports of Goods: 2,758.5, 3,313.1, 3,746.0, 3,817.4, 4,904.3, 5,239.7, 4,939.7, 5,259.4, 5,144.0, 5,256.2, 5,872.6
    - Imports of Goods: 2,502.7, 3,047.3, 3,520.7, 3,342.0, 4,496.0, 4,815.1, 4,556.2, 4,753.0, 4,677.8, 4,828.8, 5,453.2
  - Emerging and Developing Europe — Current Account Balance: –24.9, –5.7, 53.5, 2.9, 71.0, 128.8, –14.9, –1.5, –58.8, –56.0, –63.8
  - Middle East and Central Asia — Current Account Balance: 205.2, 160.1, 35.3, –103.9, 133.0, 403.4, 185.8, 98.5, –3.6, –18.9, –15.7
  - Latin America and the Caribbean — Current Account Balance: –113.0, –149.4, –108.3, –9.3, –91.9, –127.8, –73.7, –60.4, –74.8, –95.3, –99.3
  - Sub-Saharan Africa — Current Account Balance: –30.4, –44.3, –54.8, –43.2, –15.4, –41.9, –51.3, –31.8, –47.3, –44.5, –50.3

- Analytical Groups — By Source of Export Earnings (Billions of US dollars; selected)
  - Fuel — Current Account Balance: 269.5, 225.3, 85.5, –81.8, 194.2, 508.7, 251.5, 192.1, 70.9, 52.0, 70.5
    - Exports of Goods: 1,417.4, 1,468.9, 1,246.0, 892.7, 1,302.1, 1,791.4, 1,592.8, 1,606.9, 1,519.2, 1,542.5, 1,761.6
  - Nonfuel — Current Account Balance: 7.7, –116.9, –64.3, 253.3, 191.7, 193.0, 50.5, 226.3, 56.8, –9.9, –76.6
    - Exports of Goods: 4,917.2, 5,682.1, 6,273.6, 6,134.1, 7,928.8, 8,683.2, 8,205.4, 8,607.7, 8,529.5, 8,753.1, 9,806.4

- Analytical Groups — By External Financing Source (Billions of US dollars)
  - Net Debtor Economies — Current Account Balance: –315.1, –366.9, –300.8, –126.6, –298.9, –446.6, –261.7, –282.7, –358.4, –403.3, –498.0
  - Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23 — Current Account Balance: –53.1, –64.1, –52.1, –34.2, –42.3, –40.7, –50.1, –59.9, –94.7, –80.4, –70.0
  - Memorandum — World — Current Account Balance: 274.4, 352.0, 391.1, 290.0, 820.3, 426.4, 324.6, 518.6, 53.8, 96.0, 181.0

- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — External Debt and Debt Service (Billions of US dollars)
  - Total External Debt (aggregate): 9,634.5 (2017), 10,073.0 (2018), 10,592.3 (2019), 11,314.4 (2020), 12,057.0 (2021), 11,764.1 (2022), 12,108.7 (2023), 12,555.4 (2024), 13,289.3 (2025), 14,037.2 (2026)
  - Debt-Service Payments total: 2,973.6 (2017), 3,475.2 (2018), 3,714.8 (2019), 3,720.3 (2020), 3,917.0 (2021), 4,189.9 (2022), 4,218.8 (2023), 4,353.8 (2024), 4,463.3 (2025), 4,721.1 (2026)
  - Regional — Emerging and Developing Asia — External Debt: 3,375.0, 3,671.6, 3,854.1, 4,270.9, 4,722.7, 4,433.2, 4,509.5, 4,612.9, 4,945.2, 5,305.4
  - Analytical — Net Debtor Economies — Total Debt: 5,488.8, 5,624.9, 5,832.2, 6,106.1, 6,353.5, 6,448.2, 6,794.8, 7,082.0, 7,467.1, 7,860.1
  - Analytical — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23 — Total Debt: 760.7, 811.5, 856.7, 891.4, 929.5, 961.8, 976.8, 993.0, 1,063.9, 1,118.3

- External Debt Indicators and Maturities (selected highlights)
  - External Debt (percent of exports of goods and services) — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 116.5, 109.4, 116.8, 137.9, 112.8, 95.3, 102.4, 100.8, 107.4, 110.2
  - Debt-Service Payment (percent of exports of goods and services) — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 36.5, 38.3, 41.5, 45.7, 37.0, 34.4, 36.1, 35.3, 36.5, 37.4
  - External Debt by Maturity (aggregate, Billions of US dollars): Total Debt: 9,634.5, 10,073.0, 10,592.3, 11,314.4, 12,057.0, 11,764.1, 12,108.7, 12,555.4, 13,289.3, 14,037.2; Short Term: 2,542.2, 2,768.1, 2,754.1, 2,870.4, 3,135.5, 3,120.3, 3,198.2, 3,294.3, 3,521.3, 3,756.5; Long Term: 7,092.3, 7,304.9, 7,838.2, 8,444.0, 8,921.5, 8,643.9, 8,910.5, 9,261.0, 9,767.9, 10,280.7

### Section 5 — Interest Payments, Amortization, and Medium-Term Forecasts

- Interest Payments (Percent of exports of goods and services; selected series)
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2017 3.8, 2018 4.0, 2019 4.4, 2020 4.6, 2021 3.6, 2022 3.5, 2023 4.4, 2024 4.5, 2025 4.3, 2026 4.2
  - Regional examples:
    - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2017 3.2, 2018 3.6, 2019 3.8, 2020 4.0, 2021 3.5, 2022 3.6, 2023 4.0, 2024 3.7, 2025 3.8, 2026 3.8
    - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2017 7.2, 2018 7.5, 2019 8.1, 2020 8.1, 2021 5.6, 2022 5.3, 2023 7.0, 2024 7.2, 2025 6.9, 2026 7.0
  - Analytical — Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience: Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23: 2017 5.1, 2018 5.3, 2019 6.2, 2020 7.0, 2021 5.4, 2022 4.6, 2023 6.0, 2024 7.3, 2025 6.2, 2026 5.8

- Amortization (Percent of exports of goods and services; selected series)
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2017 32.6, 2018 34.2, 2019 37.1, 2020 41.2, 2021 33.5, 2022 30.9, 2023 31.6, 2024 30.8, 2025 32.1, 2026 33.2
  - Regional examples:
    - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2017 34.2, 2018 38.6, 2019 42.7, 2020 42.7, 2021 36.6, 2022 36.8, 2023 36.8, 2024 34.3, 2025 35.6, 2026 37.2
    - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2017 41.9, 2018 41.0, 2019 38.7, 2020 45.7, 2021 37.5, 2022 32.3, 2023 36.6, 2024 36.6, 2025 39.9, 2026 41.2
  - Analytical — Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience: Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23: 2017 50.5, 2018 47.4, 2019 49.4, 2020 56.7, 2021 41.2, 2022 36.9, 2023 36.8, 2024 31.9, 2025 34.4, 2026 31.9

- Table B21 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Medium-Term Reference Forecast (Annual percent change; selected indicators)
  - Aggregate — Real GDP: 5.3, 3.9, 4.7, 4.3, 3.7, 3.9, 4.1, 4.1
  - Export Volume1: 4.4, 3.3, 1.1, 6.7, 1.6, 3.0, 3.1, 3.8
  - Import Volume1: 5.5, 3.1, 3.1, 5.8, 2.0, 3.4, 3.6, 4.1
  - Regional — Emerging and Developing Asia — Real GDP: 7.6, 5.1, 6.1, 5.3, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 4.7
  - Regional — Emerging and Developing Europe — Real GDP: 2.6, 2.7, 3.6, 3.4, 2.1, 2.1, 2.8, 2.4
  - Regional — Latin America and the Caribbean — Real GDP: 2.4, 1.6, 2.4, 2.4, 2.0, 2.4, 2.3, 2.7
  - Regional — Middle East and Central Asia — Real GDP: 4.0, 2.6, 2.2, 2.4, 3.0, 3.5, 2.8, 3.8
  - Regional — Sub-Saharan Africa — Real GDP: 4.7, 3.2, 3.6, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2, 3.9, 4.5

- Table B21 — Selected external and debt indicators (Percent of exports of goods and services; selected projections)
  - Current Account Balance: 2.1, –0.5, 5.6, 2.5, 3.3, 1.0, 0.3, –0.4
  - Total External Debt: 99.7, 109.4, 95.3, 102.4, 100.8, 107.4, 110.2, 112.0
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 39.5, 38.3, 34.4, 36.1, 35.3, 36.5, 37.4, 38.9
  - Interest Payments: 3.4, 4.0, 3.5, 4.4, 4.5, 4.3, 4.2, 4.2

*International Monetary Fund — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: A CRITICAL JUNCTURE AMID POLICY SHIFTS, Statistical Appendix (tables as provided).*

### Section 1

### Table B1. Advanced Economies: Unemployment, Employment, and Real GDP per Capita (Percent)

### Unemployment Rate (Averages and Projections)
- Advanced Economies — 7.2, 5.1, 5.7, 5.1, 4.8, 6.6, 5.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, 4.6
- United States — 7.0, 4.5, 4.4, 3.9, 3.7, 8.1, 5.4, 3.6, 3.6, 4.0, 4.2, 4.2
- Euro Area — 10.2, 7.3, 9.1, 8.2, 7.6, 8.0, 7.8, 6.7, 6.6, 6.4, 6.4, 6.3
- Japan — 4.1, 2.6, 2.8, 2.4, 2.4, 2.8, 2.8, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6
- United Kingdom — 6.7, 4.3, 4.4, 4.1, 3.8, 4.6, 4.6, 4.6, 3.8, 4.1, 4.3, 4.4
- Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 6.7, 4.7, 5.0, 4.5, 4.3, 6.5, 5.2, 4.1, 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.4

Notes: National definitions of unemployment may vary; country-specific notes apply for Israel. Output per capita is in international dollars at purchasing power parity where referenced.

### Growth in Employment (Compound annual rate of change)
- Advanced Economies — 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.2, –2.7, 1.8, 2.7, 1.6, 0.9, 0.5, 0.4
- United States — 0.5, 0.8, 1.3, 1.6, 1.1, –6.2, 3.2, 3.7, 1.7, 0.9, 0.8, 0.5
- Euro Area — 0.3, 1.0, 1.6, 1.7, 1.3, –1.4, 1.6, 2.4, 1.4, 1.0, 0.3, 0.2
- Japan — 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.9, –0.2, 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.1, –0.3, –0.2
- United Kingdom — 0.9, 0.7, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, –1.1, 0.0, 1.2, 1.2, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0
- Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.1, –3.3, 1.9, 2.5, 1.4, 0.8, 0.4, 0.3

Note: Growth figures for employment are compound annual rates; averages as indicated.

### Growth in Real per Capita Output (Compound annual rate of change)
- Advanced Economies — 0.8, 1.3, 2.1, 1.8, 1.5, –4.4, 5.8, 2.4, 0.9, 1.2, 0.9, 1.2
- United States — 0.7, 1.7, 1.8, 2.4, 2.1, –3.0, 5.7, 2.0, 2.1, 1.9, 1.2, 1.1
- Euro Area — 0.4, 1.0, 2.4, 1.5, 1.4, –6.4, 6.3, 3.1, –0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9
- Japan — 0.5, 0.7, 1.8, 0.8, –0.2, –3.9, 3.0, 1.3, 2.0, 0.6, 1.0, 1.1
- United Kingdom — 0.4, 0.5, 2.0, 0.8, 1.1, –10.7, 8.3, 4.3, –0.9, 0.0, 0.1, 0.6
- Major Advanced Economies (Memorandum) — 0.6, 1.2, 1.9, 1.7, 1.4, –4.7, 5.6, 2.2, 1.2, 1.1, 0.8, 1.1

Notes: Output per capita is measured in international dollars at purchasing power parity; euro area aggregates are calculated as the sum of individual euro area country data.

*Source: Statistical Appendix — Table B1 from the IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2025.*

### Section 2

### tableb - Section 2

### Advanced Economies: General Government Structural Balances (Percent of potential GDP)
- Advanced Economies: –2.6, –2.7, –3.4, –7.0, –6.5, –4.3, –4.8, –5.0, –4.5, –4.0 (2017–2026)
- United States: –4.8, –5.4, –6.2, –10.7, –10.6, –6.1, –7.2, –7.7, –6.7, –5.5 (2017–2026)
- Euro Area: –0.6, –0.4, –0.6, –3.6, –4.0, –3.6, –3.6, –3.1, –3.0, –3.3 (2017–2026)
- Germany: 1.1, 1.6, 1.1, –2.9, –2.6, –1.8, –2.3, –2.2, –2.2, –3.0 (2017–2026)
- France: –2.3, –1.6, –1.4, –5.9, –5.1, –4.1, –4.8, –5.3, –5.0, –5.5 (2017–2026)
- Italy: –1.4, –1.3, –0.5, –3.1, –7.8, –8.8, –7.7, –3.5, –3.1, –2.8 (2017–2026)
- Japan: –3.7, –3.0, –3.3, –8.1, –5.4, –4.2, –2.4, –2.5, –2.8, –3.0 (2017–2026)
- United Kingdom: –2.1, –2.1, –2.4, 0.5, –3.2, –2.9, –4.8, –4.5, –4.0, –3.3 (2017–2026)
- Memorandum — Major Advanced Economies: –3.3, –3.4, –4.0, –8.0, –7.7, –5.0, –5.7, –5.8, –5.2, –4.6 (2017–2026)

Notes (as in source): structural balance defined as actual net lending/borrowing minus the effects of cyclical output from potential output, corrected for one-time and other factors; country-specific adjustments noted in footnotes.

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: General Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Percent of GDP)
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies (aggregate): –3.8, –3.4, –4.4, –8.4, –5.0, –4.8, –5.2, –5.5, –6.1, –5.9 (2017–2026)
- Regional groups (2017–2026):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: –3.6, –4.1, –5.6, –9.3, –6.2, –6.9, –6.3, –6.7, –7.5, –7.5
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: –1.6, 0.3, –0.7, –5.3, –1.6, –2.6, –4.5, –4.7, –4.1, –3.5
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: –5.1, –5.0, –3.7, –8.1, –3.9, –3.6, –5.1, –4.7, –4.7, –4.0
  - Middle East and Central Asia: –4.6, –1.6, –2.5, –7.7, –2.3, 2.2, –0.6, –1.9, –3.4, –3.3
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: –4.4, –3.5, –4.1, –6.5, –5.0, –4.5, –4.0, –4.2, –4.2, –3.9
- Analytical groups (2017–2026):
  - Fuel exporters: –4.7, –1.4, –1.7, –7.4, –1.4, 3.6, 0.4, –1.0, –2.6, –2.6
  - Nonfuel exporters: –3.6, –3.7, –4.7, –8.5, –5.3, –5.8, –5.8, –6.0, –6.5, –6.2
- Selected country-level general government overall fiscal balance (Percent of GDP, 2017–2026):
  - Indonesia: –2.3, –1.8, –2.1, –6.1, –4.4, –2.3, –1.9, –2.3, –2.6, –2.6
  - Brazil: –7.7, –5.4, –3.2, –11.5, –1.8, –3.2, –7.4, –6.6, –8.5, –7.6
  - Thailand: –0.7, –0.1, 0.1, –4.8, –7.1, –4.9, –2.3, –1.6, –3.3, –3.1
  - Vietnam: –2.3, –1.3, –0.5, –3.0, –1.5, 0.7, –2.4, –1.6, –3.4, –3.2
  - Philippines: –0.7, –1.5, –1.6, –5.7, –6.3, –5.6, –4.5, –4.0, –4.0, –3.0
  - Malaysia: –2.4, –2.6, –2.0, –4.9, –6.0, –4.6, –4.0, –4.0, –3.4, –3.4
  - Colombia: –2.5, –4.7, –3.5, –7.0, –7.1, –6.2, –3.2, –4.7, –4.4, –3.3
  - Chile: –2.6, –1.5, –2.7, –7.1, –7.5, 1.4, –2.3, –2.7, –2.0, –1.1
  - Peru: –2.8, –2.0, –1.4, –8.3, –2.5, –1.4, –2.8, –3.6, –2.5, –2.3

Notes (as in source): country group composites calculated as sum of US dollar values for relevant countries; net lending/borrowing includes policy lending.

### Table B9 — Selected country entries for General Government Net Lending/Borrowing (Percent of GDP), additional highlights
- China (Emerging and Developing Asia): –3.3, –4.2, –6.0, –9.6, –5.9, –7.3, –6.7, –7.3, –8.6, –8.5 (2017–2026)
- India (Emerging and Developing Asia): –6.2, –6.4, –7.7, –12.9, –9.4, –9.0, –7.9, –7.4, –6.9, –7.2 (2017–2026)
- Ukraine (Emerging and Developing Europe): –2.4, –2.1, –2.1, –5.9, –4.0, –15.6, –19.6, –17.2, –18.8, –9.7 (2017–2026)
- Russia (Emerging and Developing Europe): –1.5, 2.9, 1.9, –4.0, 0.8, –1.6, –2.5, –2.2, –1.0, –1.2 (2017–2026)
- Egypt (Middle East and Central Asia): –9.9, –9.0, –7.6, –7.5, –7.0, –5.7, –5.8, –7.1, –12.1, –10.1 (2017–2026)
- Nigeria (Sub-Saharan Africa): –5.4, –4.3, –4.7, –5.6, –5.5, –5.4, –4.2, –3.4, –4.5, –4.5 (2017–2026)
- South Africa (Sub-Saharan Africa): –4.0, –3.7, –5.1, –9.6, –5.5, –4.3, –5.4, –6.1, –6.6, –6.1 (2017–2026)

### Table B10 — Selected Advanced Economies: Exchange Rate Assumptions (Nominal)
- US Dollars per National Currency Unit (2017–2025):
  - Euro: 1.129, 1.181, 1.120, 1.141, 1.184, 1.054, 1.082, 1.082, 1.077 (2017–2025)
  - British Pound: 1.288, 1.336, 1.277, 1.283, 1.376, 1.237, 1.243, 1.278, 1.289 (2017–2025)
- National Currency Units per US Dollar (2017–2025):
  - Japanese Yen: 112.166, 110.423, 109.010, 106.775, 109.754, 131.498, 140.491, 151.366, 149.171 (2017–2025)
  - Korean Won: 1,131.001, 1,100.163, 1,165.358, 1,180.005, 1,143.952, 1,291.447, 1,305.663, 1,363.375, 1,457.592 (2017–2025)
  - Canadian Dollar: 1.298, 1.296, 1.327, 1.341, 1.254, 1.302, 1.350, 1.369, 1.429 (2017–2025)
  - Australian Dollar: 1.304, 1.337, 1.438, 1.448, 1.330, 1.439, 1.504, 1.515, 1.591 (2017–2025)

### Table B10 — Real Effective Exchange Rates (Index, 2010 = 100), selected series
- United States (2017–2024): 126.7, 123.8, 131.4, 135.9, 134.7, 149.7, 150.9, 152.4, 154.9
- Euro Area (2017–2024): 84.9, 87.8, 84.3, 85.7, 83.7, 79.6, 81.7, 84.4, 85.3
- Japan (2017–2024): 77.0, 74.7, 75.2, 75.1, 73.4, 61.9, 56.1, 51.8, 52.4
- United Kingdom (2017–2024): 96.4, 98.8, 100.6, 104.4, 112.4, 112.7, 114.1, 114.9, 114.9
- Korea (2017–2024): 143.1, 153.0, 147.3, 139.8, 138.9, 138.5, 143.1, 139.1, 130.7
- China (Taiwan Province of China) (2017–2024): 104.8, 103.7, 99.2, 99.9, 100.3, 98.6, 91.3, 85.8, 83.0

*International Monetary Fund — WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: A CRITICAL JUNCTURE AMID POLICY SHIFTS, Statistical Appendix (tables as provided).*

### Section 3

### tableb - Section 3

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Broad Money Aggregates (Annual percent change)
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 10.7, 12.0, 10.8, 14.7, 11.7, 12.7, 13.4, 11.7, 9.4, 9.3 (2017–2026)
- Regional groups (2017–2026):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 9.1, 8.4, 8.6, 10.6, 9.2, 10.7, 9.4, 7.5, 7.7, 8.0
  - China: 9.0, 8.1, 8.7, 10.1, 9.0, 11.8, 9.7, 7.3, 7.5, 7.5
  - India: 9.2, 10.5, 8.9, 12.2, 8.8, 9.0, 11.1, 10.3, 10.0, 10.6
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 9.6, 12.8, 11.5, 20.2, 18.7, 18.9, 23.6, 20.0, 14.9, 12.2
  - Russia: 7.4, 12.3, 5.1, 16.7, 11.3, 13.1, 18.8, 18.0, 11.1, 7.6
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 16.5, 25.3, 18.5, 26.9, 16.2, 15.1, 20.0, 18.3, 8.9, 9.7
  - Brazil: 4.6, 8.1, 8.6, 18.6, 8.7, 10.6, 15.5, 3.5, 5.6, 5.7
  - Mexico: 11.2, 4.5, 4.7, 13.4, 9.5, 7.3, 11.0, 13.8, 4.1, 5.6
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 11.8, 9.5, 9.6, 12.8, 12.3, 13.8, 13.5, 13.8, 11.4, 11.0
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 6.9, 12.5, 13.3, 18.1, 12.8, 16.0, 26.8, 23.1, 14.2, 12.2
- Analytical groups (2017–2026):
  - By source of export earnings — Fuel: 17.3, 35.2, 23.6, 19.6, 14.8, 15.2, 17.4, 15.6, 14.5, 13.5
  - By source of export earnings — Nonfuel: 9.8, 9.3, 9.4, 14.1, 11.4, 12.5, 13.0, 11.3, 8.8, 8.8
  - Of which, Primary Products: 15.3, 20.4, 17.1, 34.8, 22.7, 25.8, 36.7, 40.4, 13.8, 13.3
  - By external financing source — Net Debtor Economies: 9.6, 9.4, 10.1, 16.2, 13.1, 12.2, 15.5, 13.3, 10.0, 10.2
  - Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23: 20.5, 17.5, 18.0, 24.7, 18.2, 21.0, 28.0, 27.0, 15.2, 14.3
- Other groups (2017–2026):
  - Middle East and North Africa: 11.8, 9.7, 9.8, 12.2, 11.2, 13.5, 13.8, 13.0, 11.0, 10.3
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: 10.5, 11.7, 10.6, 14.4, 11.3, 12.5, 12.8, 11.1, 9.1, 9.0
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: 13.1, 15.9, 14.8, 19.4, 18.4, 17.1, 25.5, 23.4, 14.1, 14.0
  - Heavily Indebted Poor Countries: 16.4, 17.9, 16.8, 22.3, 21.2, 16.6, 15.0, 18.0, 14.8, 14.5
- Memorandum — Median (2017–2026):
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 8.8, 8.1, 8.7, 13.9, 11.3, 8.5, 8.9, 9.3, 8.1, 7.8
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 9.2, 8.4, 8.7, 12.2, 11.4, 8.0, 9.7, 7.4, 6.9, 8.5
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 7.8, 8.8, 8.7, 16.4, 11.3, 6.9, 10.7, 9.4, 8.9, 7.6
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 7.6, 5.7, 8.0, 10.7, 10.0, 5.9, 5.0, 8.4, 5.7, 6.1
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 12.3, 6.4, 8.8, 12.1, 8.3, 12.0, 9.0, 12.0, 9.3, 8.2
  - Middle East and North Africa: 10.2, 4.0, 8.2, 9.6, 7.1, 8.5, 7.7, 9.4, 5.0, 6.0
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 7.9, 10.1, 8.8, 16.8, 12.2, 11.4, 9.7, 9.2, 8.8, 8.6

### Table B12 — Advanced Economies: Export Volumes, Import Volumes, and Terms of Trade in Goods and Services (Annual percent change)
- Export Volume — Advanced Economies (averages/projections): 3.0, 2.2, 4.9, 3.4, 1.4, –8.8, 9.7, 5.9, 1.1, 2.1, 1.2, 2.0 (selected annual series 2007–162017–2026)
- Export Volume — United States: 3.6, 1.7, 4.1, 2.9, 0.5, –13.1, 6.5, 7.5, 2.8, 3.3, 1.9, 1.8
- Export Volume — Euro Area (average of countries): 2.7, 2.2, 5.6, 3.3, 2.9, –9.1, 11.3, 7.1, –0.5, 1.1, 0.1, 1.4
- Import Volume — Advanced Economies: 2.5, 2.4, 4.8, 3.8, 2.0, –8.2, 10.2, 7.3, –0.6, 2.4, 1.9, 2.0
- Import Volume — United States: 1.9, 3.0, 4.7, 4.0, 1.2, –9.0, 14.7, 8.6, –1.2, 5.3, 2.6, 1.2
- Terms of Trade — Advanced Economies: 0.2, 0.2, –0.2, –0.4, 0.1, 0.9, 1.1, –1.6, 0.5, 0.9, 0.4, 0.1
- Terms of Trade — United States: 0.6, 1.0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.2, –0.4, 4.0, 2.4, 0.5, 0.2, 0.5, 0.4
- Trade in Goods — Advanced Economies (mem.): Export Volume 2.6, 1.7, 4.6, 3.0, 0.4, –6.5, 10.0, 3.6, –0.6, 0.9, 0.7, 1.9; Import Volume 2.1, 2.0, 4.5, 3.9, 0.4, –6.0, 11.5, 5.0, –2.9, 1.4, 1.5, 2.0; Terms of Trade 0.2, 0.2, –0.2, –0.5, 0.0, 1.1, 1.2, –2.0, 0.6, 0.6, 0.7, 0.4

### Table B13 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region: Total Trade in Goods (Value, Volume, Unit Value, Terms of Trade; Annual percent change)
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Value in US Dollars:
  - Exports: 4.4, 5.4, 13.9, 11.5, –2.6, –6.6, 31.4, 13.5, –6.5, 4.3, –1.6, 2.5
  - Imports: 5.8, 5.7, 13.3, 11.3, –1.8, –7.8, 30.4, 12.1, –3.1, 3.7, 0.6, 3.3
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Volume:
  - Exports: 4.2, 3.1, 6.6, 3.8, –0.5, –1.4, 12.0, 0.9, –0.2, 6.6, 0.9, 2.7
  - Imports: 5.3, 3.1, 7.4, 4.9, 0.0, –5.6, 11.9, 2.3, 1.8, 4.3, 1.1, 3.4
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Unit Value in US Dollars:
  - Exports: 0.5, 2.4, 6.9, 7.2, –2.1, –4.9, 17.9, 12.1, –6.2, –1.9, –2.4, –0.1
  - Imports: 0.6, 2.6, 5.5, 6.1, –1.8, –2.3, 16.9, 9.5, –4.9, –0.5, –0.4, –0.1
  - Terms of Trade: –0.1, –0.2, 1.4, 1.1, –0.3, –2.7, 0.9, 2.4, –1.3, –1.4, –2.0, –0.1
- Regional highlights (selected series):
  - Emerging and Developing Asia — Exports value: 7.4, 5.4, 12.2, 9.0, –1.2, 1.9, 28.5, 6.8, –5.7, 6.5, –2.2, 2.2
  - Emerging and Developing Europe — Exports value: 2.6, 5.6, 17.5, 15.5, –1.5, –9.3, 34.0, 11.7, –9.0, 0.5, 0.8, 2.7
  - Latin America and the Caribbean — Exports value: 2.6, 5.3, 12.3, 8.7, –2.4, –9.7, 28.2, 17.4, –1.4, 3.9, –1.2, 2.1
  - Middle East and Central Asia — Exports value: 1.1, 5.1, 16.8, 17.2, –7.6, –24.8, 42.6, 36.1, –10.0, 0.7, –3.7, 2.4
  - Sub-Saharan Africa — Exports value: 1.1, 6.2, 17.2, 15.1, –3.5, –15.7, 35.2, 16.2, –8.5, 5.5, 3.3, 5.9

### Table B14 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Source of Export Earnings: Total Trade in Goods (Annual percent change)
- Fuel (selected series):
  - Exports value: 0.2, 4.7, 18.5, 18.9, –8.9, –28.4, 45.9, 37.6, –11.1, 0.9, –5.5, 1.5
  - Exports volume: 2.3, 1.0, 1.4, –0.3, –3.2, –7.9, 3.4, 4.9, 1.2, 1.5, 3.6, 5.7
  - Unit value of exports: –1.9, 3.8, 16.0, 17.4, –6.3, –20.4, 41.8, 30.0, –12.1, –0.5, –8.1, –3.7
  - Terms of trade: –3.1, 0.4, 12.4, 12.8, –7.1, –20.4, 24.0, 20.0, –10.3, –2.9, –10.2, –4.3
- Nonfuel (selected series):
  - Exports value: 5.4, 5.5, 13.0, 10.1, –1.2, –2.2, 29.3, 9.5, –5.5, 4.9, –0.9, 2.6
  - Exports volume: 4.6, 3.4, 7.5, 4.6, 0.0, –0.2, 13.2, 0.3, –0.5, 7.5, 0.5, 2.2
  - Unit value of exports: 1.0, 2.2, 5.3, 5.3, –1.3, –2.1, 14.7, 9.3, –5.0, –2.1, –1.4, 0.4
  - Terms of trade: 0.5, –0.4, –0.5, –1.0, 0.9, 0.5, –2.2, –0.3, 0.2, –1.2, –0.6, 0.6
- Primary products (selected series):
  - Exports value: 3.3, 6.4, 12.8, 8.2, –2.9, –4.0, 36.4, 7.6, –7.5, 8.1, 5.8, 5.3
  - Unit value of exports: 1.3, 4.3, 11.0, 5.1, –3.0, 3.7, 25.7, 5.5, –7.3, 2.7, 2.0, 1.3
  - Terms of trade: 1.5, 2.1, 5.3, –1.1, 0.6, 11.5, 8.3, –5.9, –2.4, 3.2, 2.0, 0.3

### Table B15 — Summary of Current Account Transactions (Billions of US dollars)
- Advanced Economies — Current Account Balance (selected years/projections):
  - Average 2007–16: –1.0
  - Average 2011–18: 245.7
  - 2019: 371.7
  - 2020: 120.4
  - 2021: 436.1
  - 2022: –273.2
  - 2023: 24.9
  - 2024: 102.9
  - 2025: –71.1
  - 2026: 56.8
  - 2027–30: 189.9
- Advanced Economies — Trade Balance and components (selected entries):
  - Trade Balance (mem.): 74.0, 243.3, 283.0, 218.0, 417.0, –109.7, 320.4, 428.9, 250.8, 301.4, 412.1
  - Goods Balance (selected): –368.0, –304.1, –299.8, –275.5, –328.3, –860.7, –437.6, –439.1, –546.1, –474.1, –536.8
  - Services Balance (selected): 442.0, 547.3, 582.7, 493.5, 745.3, 751.0, 758.0, 867.9, 796.9, 775.5, 948.9
  - Primary Income Balance (selected): 276.0, 369.2, 476.2, 328.0, 448.4, 295.1, 185.8, 179.5, 198.2, 269.5, 322.3
  - Secondary Income Balance (selected): –350.8, –366.5, –387.2, –425.4, –429.2, –458.5, –481.2, –505.2, –520.2, –514.2, –544.5
- Country highlights (selected series, Billions of US dollars):
  - United States — Current Account Balance: –463.3, –399.4, –441.8, –601.2, –868.0, –1,012.1, –905.4, –1,133.6, –1,137.7, –1,006.5, –927.1
  - Euro Area — Current Account Balance: 106.5, 280.3, 324.7, 242.2, 406.6, –15.4, 263.1, 460.9, 384.3, 370.8, 391.2
  - Germany — Current Account Balance: 248.1, 284.9, 311.8, 248.8, 301.1, 160.2, 251.8, 266.9, 249.0, 244.2, 244.4
  - Japan — Current Account Balance: 132.8, 123.5, 176.3, 149.9, 196.2, 89.9, 158.5, 193.0, 141.9, 144.7, 153.6
  - United Kingdom — Current Account Balance: –107.7, –113.8, –76.7, –79.2, –13.7, –65.7, –118.3, –122.7, –141.4, –148.8, –149.0
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Current Account Balance: 275.4, 106.3, 19.4, 169.5, 384.2, 699.6, 299.6, 415.7, 124.9, 39.2, –8.9
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Trade Balance: 429.6, 335.8, 205.4, 337.4, 614.2, 942.8, 522.1, 627.6, 388.1, 325.0, 287.4
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Exports of Goods (selected years): 6,341.0, 7,152.5, 7,521.3, 7,028.5, 9,233.2, 10,477.3, 9,800.8, 10,216.9, 10,051.1, 10,298.0, 11,570.6
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Imports of Goods (selected years): 5,618.1, 6,459.0, 7,015.1, 6,467.4, 8,431.7, 9,448.6, 9,153.1, 9,492.3, 9,545.8, 9,863.9, 11,163.6
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Primary Income Balance (selected): –407.3, –474.4, –513.7, –495.9, –621.5, –691.2, –674.2, –688.3, –760.4, –801.1, –879.2
  - Emerging Market and Developing Economies — Secondary Income Balance (selected): 243.4, 243.7, 323.3, 332.8, 385.6, 438.2, 438.2, 470.8, 489.3, 507.8, 574.6

*International Monetary Fund | April 2025 — tableb - Section 3*

### Section 4

### tableb - Section 4

### Regional Groups — Summary of Current Account Transactions (Billions of US dollars; columns correspond to: Average 2007–16, Average 2011–18, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027–30)

- Emerging and Developing Asia
  - Current Account Balance: 238.5, 145.7, 93.7, 323.0, 287.6, 337.1, 253.7, 410.8, 309.4, 253.8, 220.2
  - Trade Balance: 208.7, 154.9, 77.0, 374.0, 343.7, 419.4, 309.4, 437.6, 388.7, 328.4, 258.0
  - Goods Balance: 255.8, 265.8, 225.3, 475.5, 408.3, 424.6, 383.4, 506.4, 466.2, 427.4, 419.3
  - Exports of Goods: 2,758.5, 3,313.1, 3,746.0, 3,817.4, 4,904.3, 5,239.7, 4,939.7, 5,259.4, 5,144.0, 5,256.2, 5,872.6
  - Imports of Goods: 2,502.7, 3,047.3, 3,520.7, 3,342.0, 4,496.0, 4,815.1, 4,556.2, 4,753.0, 4,677.8, 4,828.8, 5,453.2
  - Services Balance: –47.1, –111.0, –148.3, –101.5, –64.6, –5.2, –74.0, –68.8, –77.5, –99.0, –161.4
  - Primary Income Balance: –101.4, –141.6, –153.8, –222.0, –249.8, –291.5, –274.5, –264.3, –332.2, –339.8, –349.7
  - Secondary Income Balance: 131.2, 132.5, 170.5, 171.1, 193.8, 209.2, 218.8, 237.5, 252.9, 265.3, 311.9

- Emerging and Developing Europe
  - Current Account Balance: –24.9, –5.7, 53.5, 2.9, 71.0, 128.8, –14.9, –1.5, –58.8, –56.0, –63.8
  - Trade Balance: 48.9, 77.2, 141.4, 63.4, 165.7, 197.6, 44.6, 67.1, 30.9, 50.6, 62.0
  - Goods Balance: 25.7, 42.9, 72.8, 6.5, 82.2, 97.2, –60.9, –43.2, –80.3, –77.6, –90.7
  - Exports of Goods: 1,003.3, 1,088.0, 1,168.1, 1,059.1, 1,419.9, 1,585.6, 1,442.6, 1,448.4, 1,460.0, 1,499.9, 1,668.5
  - Imports of Goods: 977.6, 1,045.1, 1,095.3, 1,052.6, 1,337.7, 1,488.5, 1,503.5, 1,491.6, 1,540.3, 1,577.5, 1,759.1
  - Services Balance: 23.2, 34.3, 68.6, 56.9, 83.5, 100.4, 105.5, 110.3, 111.2, 128.2, 152.7
  - Primary Income Balance: –90.2, –96.5, –102.6, –76.1, –110.4, –101.1, –92.3, –102.1, –114.0, –128.5, –148.4
  - Secondary Income Balance: 16.4, 13.7, 14.7, 15.6, 15.7, 32.4, 32.8, 33.5, 24.3, 21.9, 22.5

- Middle East and Central Asia
  - Current Account Balance: 205.2, 160.1, 35.3, –103.9, 133.0, 403.4, 185.8, 98.5, –3.6, –18.9, –15.7
  - Trade Balance: 236.0, 209.3, 89.7, –57.5, 173.2, 453.7, 241.5, 162.5, 49.7, 38.5, 53.4
  - Goods Balance: 382.4, 356.9, 202.9, 19.2, 264.1, 498.1, 275.4, 183.0, 64.9, 43.4, 28.3
  - Exports of Goods: 1,284.4, 1,349.1, 1,202.9, 904.1, 1,289.5, 1,755.4, 1,580.1, 1,591.7, 1,533.3, 1,570.3, 1,802.6
  - Imports of Goods: 902.0, 992.2, 1,000.0, 885.0, 1,025.4, 1,257.2, 1,304.8, 1,408.7, 1,468.4, 1,526.8, 1,774.3
  - Services Balance: –131.8, –140.0, –101.9, –76.5, –81.9, –29.4, –20.7, –10.5, –2.3, 9.0, 39.2
  - Primary Income Balance: –23.3, –24.1, –34.5, –24.0, –29.8, –44.5, –31.0, –31.3, –39.4, –44.3, –55.1
  - Secondary Income Balance: –17.2, –26.4, –24.6, –17.6, –16.1, –15.9, –38.3, –38.3, –21.9, –20.5, –22.2

- Latin America and the Caribbean
  - Current Account Balance: –113.0, –149.4, –108.3, –9.3, –91.9, –127.8, –73.7, –60.4, –74.8, –95.3, –99.3
  - Trade Balance: –38.3, –63.0, –33.5, 23.1, –42.5, –87.2, –16.1, 0.3, –30.2, –45.6, –39.5
  - Goods Balance: 24.8, 9.5, 13.3, 74.9, 22.0, –10.1, 49.3, 59.7, 37.8, 20.3, 24.3
  - Exports of Goods: 948.7, 1,041.3, 1,062.4, 959.6, 1,230.0, 1,444.1, 1,424.4, 1,480.0, 1,462.6, 1,493.7, 1,670.9
  - Imports of Goods: 924.0, 1,031.9, 1,049.1, 884.7, 1,208.0, 1,454.2, 1,375.1, 1,420.3, 1,424.8, 1,473.4, 1,646.6
  - Services Balance: –63.1, –72.6, –46.6, –51.7, –64.5, –76.9, –65.4, –59.4, –67.9, –65.8, –63.7
  - Primary Income Balance: –141.7, –160.1, –174.2, –139.4, –181.5, –189.1, –217.2, –230.4, –209.5, –218.6, –241.8
  - Secondary Income Balance: 67.0, 73.6, 99.4, 106.9, 132.1, 148.6, 159.6, 169.8, 164.9, 168.8, 181.9

- Sub-Saharan Africa
  - Current Account Balance: –30.4, –44.3, –54.8, –43.2, –15.4, –41.9, –51.3, –31.8, –47.3, –44.5, –50.3
  - Trade Balance: –25.7, –42.5, –69.2, –65.6, –25.9, –40.6, –57.4, –39.8, –51.0, –46.9, –46.5
  - Goods Balance: 34.2, 18.4, –8.0, –15.0, 25.1, 18.9, 0.4, 18.7, 16.6, 20.7, 25.7
  - Exports of Goods: 346.2, 360.9, 341.9, 288.2, 389.6, 452.5, 414.0, 437.4, 451.2, 478.0, 556.0
  - Imports of Goods: 311.9, 342.6, 350.0, 303.2, 364.6, 433.6, 413.5, 418.7, 434.6, 457.3, 530.3
  - Services Balance: –59.9, –60.8, –61.2, –50.6, –51.0, –59.5, –57.9, –58.5, –67.6, –67.5, –72.2
  - Primary Income Balance: –50.7, –52.1, –48.5, –34.4, –49.9, –64.9, –59.1, –60.2, –65.3, –69.9, –84.3
  - Secondary Income Balance: 46.0, 50.3, 63.3, 56.8, 60.2, 63.9, 65.2, 68.3, 69.0, 72.3, 80.5

### Analytical Groups — By Source of Export Earnings (Billions of US dollars)

- Fuel
  - Current Account Balance: 269.5, 225.3, 85.5, –81.8, 194.2, 508.7, 251.5, 192.1, 70.9, 52.0, 70.5
  - Trade Balance: 373.7, 358.5, 208.5, 31.6, 321.5, 665.2, 386.5, 329.1, 215.2, 202.8, 243.1
  - Goods Balance: 601.0, 584.0, 401.8, 153.0, 459.0, 778.5, 507.9, 431.7, 312.2, 295.7, 320.6
  - Exports of Goods: 1,417.4, 1,468.9, 1,246.0, 892.7, 1,302.1, 1,791.4, 1,592.8, 1,606.9, 1,519.2, 1,542.5, 1,761.6
  - Imports of Goods: 816.4, 884.9, 844.2, 739.7, 843.1, 1,012.9, 1,084.9, 1,175.2, 1,207.1, 1,246.8, 1,440.9
  - Services Balance: –212.7, –217.8, –182.0, –121.2, –128.5, –98.3, –108.2, –92.4, –84.0, –78.9, –63.5
  - Primary Income Balance: –50.3, –50.3, –44.2, –20.2, –31.9, –58.8, –31.2, –24.5, –31.2, –35.3, –45.5
  - Secondary Income Balance: –62.4, –84.1, –83.5, –88.4, –101.1, –107.8, –111.9, –115.5, –118.0, –119.8, –131.4

- Nonfuel
  - Current Account Balance: 7.7, –116.9, –64.3, 253.3, 191.7, 193.0, 50.5, 226.3, 56.8, –9.9, –76.6
  - Trade Balance: 60.6, –17.5, 3.4, 311.5, 299.6, 286.3, 143.4, 303.9, 178.8, 128.3, 51.1
  - Goods Balance: 126.7, 114.2, 110.0, 412.9, 348.6, 257.7, 146.4, 297.5, 197.9, 143.5, 92.0
  - Exports of Goods: 4,917.2, 5,682.1, 6,273.6, 6,134.1, 7,928.8, 8,683.2, 8,205.4, 8,607.7, 8,529.5, 8,753.1, 9,806.4
  - Imports of Goods: 4,790.5, 5,568.0, 6,163.6, 5,721.2, 7,580.2, 8,425.5, 8,059.0, 8,310.3, 8,331.6, 8,609.5, 9,714.4
  - Services Balance: –66.1, –131.8, –106.4, –101.4, –49.0, 28.8, –2.9, 6.5, –19.1, –15.2, –40.8
  - Primary Income Balance: –357.4, –425.7, –472.5, –478.2, –593.2, –636.9, –643.0, –663.8, –729.3, –765.8, –833.7
  - Secondary Income Balance: 304.4, 326.2, 405.1, 419.9, 485.1, 543.8, 550.1, 586.3, 607.3, 627.6, 706.0

### Analytical Groups — By External Financing Source (Billions of US dollars)

- Net Debtor Economies
  - Current Account Balance: –315.1, –366.9, –300.8, –126.6, –298.9, –446.6, –261.7, –282.7, –358.4, –403.3, –498.0
  - Trade Balance: –324.8, –374.6, –350.5, –227.5, –359.2, –547.7, –320.6, –354.2, –432.7, –472.5, –573.1
  - Goods Balance: –338.2, –414.3, –470.4, –303.4, –473.2, –710.2, –565.8, –619.1, –702.8, –769.6, –931.9
  - Exports of Goods: 2,346.8, 2,621.2, 2,812.0, 2,596.4, 3,368.5, 3,868.6, 3,799.9, 3,873.7, 3,912.3, 4,058.9, 4,611.6
  - Imports of Goods: 2,685.0, 3,035.5, 3,282.4, 2,899.8, 3,841.7, 4,578.8, 4,365.7, 4,492.8, 4,615.1, 4,828.5, 5,543.5
  - Services Balance: 13.3, 39.6, 120.1, 76.0, 113.9, 162.6, 245.3, 265.0, 270.1, 297.1, 358.8
  - Primary Income Balance: –280.5, –317.7, –355.8, –308.8, –408.3, –424.1, –477.2, –491.4, –506.5, –531.4, –602.3
  - Secondary Income Balance: 289.0, 325.4, 405.8, 409.7, 468.4, 525.5, 530.6, 560.1, 577.8, 597.3, 673.4

- Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23
  - Current Account Balance: –53.1, –64.1, –52.1, –34.2, –42.3, –40.7, –50.1, –59.9, –94.7, –80.4, –70.0
  - Trade Balance: –76.2, –95.8, –98.3, –85.6, –87.7, –116.7, –113.2, –119.4, –152.6, –138.3, –128.7
  - Goods Balance: –58.3, –76.1, –95.0, –75.9, –72.9, –87.3, –100.9, –103.4, –128.5, –127.6, –134.6
  - Exports of Goods: 293.0, 306.9, 299.9, 269.5, 355.4, 394.7, 362.9, 379.1, 392.5, 418.8, 492.8
  - Imports of Goods: 351.4, 383.0, 394.9, 345.4, 428.3, 482.0, 463.8, 482.5, 521.0, 546.4, 627.4
  - Services Balance: –17.9, –19.7, –3.3, –9.7, –14.8, –29.5, –12.2, –16.0, –24.1, –10.7, 5.9
  - Primary Income Balance: –30.8, –34.3, –42.8, –37.9, –53.8, –47.8, –52.9, –59.7, –61.7, –64.0, –74.5
  - Secondary Income Balance: 54.0, 66.0, 89.0, 89.3, 99.1, 123.8, 116.0, 119.2, 119.6, 121.9, 133.2

- Memorandum — World
  - Current Account Balance: 274.4, 352.0, 391.1, 290.0, 820.3, 426.4, 324.6, 518.6, 53.8, 96.0, 181.0

### Emerging Market and Developing Economies — External Debt and Debt Service (Table B16; Billions of US dollars)

- External Debt (total emerging market and developing economies)
  - External Debt: 9,634.5 (2017), 10,073.0 (2018), 10,592.3 (2019), 11,314.4 (2020), 12,057.0 (2021), 11,764.1 (2022), 12,108.7 (2023), 12,555.4 (2024), 13,289.3 (2025), 14,037.2 (2026)
- Regional Groups — External Debt (selected totals)
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 3,375.0, 3,671.6, 3,854.1, 4,270.9, 4,722.7, 4,433.2, 4,509.5, 4,612.9, 4,945.2, 5,305.4
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 1,873.2, 1,769.3, 1,794.0, 1,872.4, 1,929.4, 1,863.3, 1,948.1, 2,080.2, 2,203.3, 2,292.5
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2,269.6, 2,340.3, 2,432.4, 2,466.5, 2,546.7, 2,589.0, 2,698.9, 2,741.0, 2,847.0, 2,962.3
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 1,513.2, 1,637.0, 1,806.7, 1,976.0, 2,114.1, 2,109.0, 2,165.7, 2,298.7, 2,424.4, 2,566.7
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 603.5, 654.8, 705.1, 728.7, 744.0, 769.7, 786.5, 822.5, 869.4, 910.4

- Analytical Groups — By External Financing Source
  - Net Debtor Economies — Total Debt: 5,488.8, 5,624.9, 5,832.2, 6,106.1, 6,353.5, 6,448.2, 6,794.8, 7,082.0, 7,467.1, 7,860.1
  - Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23 — Total Debt: 760.7, 811.5, 856.7, 891.4, 929.5, 961.8, 976.8, 993.0, 1,063.9, 1,118.3

- Debt-Service Payments (Emerging Market and Developing Economies)
  - Debt-Service Payments total: 2,973.6 (2017), 3,475.2 (2018), 3,714.8 (2019), 3,720.3 (2020), 3,917.0 (2021), 4,189.9 (2022), 4,218.8 (2023), 4,353.8 (2024), 4,463.3 (2025), 4,721.1 (2026)
  - Regional groups (selected): Emerging and Developing Asia: 1,531.1, 1,880.1, 2,066.5, 2,041.5, 2,243.5, 2,461.8, 2,362.9, 2,392.4, 2,445.5, 2,609.0
  - Net Debtor Economies — Debt-Service Payments: 1,363.0, 1,437.3, 1,478.4, 1,510.9, 1,514.7, 1,563.6, 1,746.7, 1,848.1, 1,934.0, 2,038.1
  - Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23 — Debt-Service Payments: 196.8, 212.0, 225.5, 217.9, 200.1, 202.0, 200.2, 191.2, 204.3, 204.4

### External Debt Indicators — Ratios and Maturities (selected highlights)

- External Debt (percent of exports of goods and services) — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 116.5, 109.4, 116.8, 137.9, 112.8, 95.3, 102.4, 100.8, 107.4, 110.2 (2017–2026 sequence)
- Debt-Service Payment (percent of exports of goods and services) — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 36.5, 38.3, 41.5, 45.7, 37.0, 34.4, 36.1, 35.3, 36.5, 37.4 (2017–2026 sequence)

- External Debt by Maturity (Emerging Market and Developing Economies; Billions of US dollars)
  - Total Debt: 9,634.5, 10,073.0, 10,592.3, 11,314.4, 12,057.0, 11,764.1, 12,108.7, 12,555.4, 13,289.3, 14,037.2 (2017–2026)
  - Short Term: 2,542.2, 2,768.1, 2,754.1, 2,870.4, 3,135.5, 3,120.3, 3,198.2, 3,294.3, 3,521.3, 3,756.5
  - Long Term: 7,092.3, 7,304.9, 7,838.2, 8,444.0, 8,921.5, 8,643.9, 8,910.5, 9,261.0, 9,767.9, 10,280.7

- Regional External Debt by Maturity — Emerging and Developing Asia (Billions of US dollars)
  - Total Debt: 3,375.0, 3,671.6, 3,854.1, 4,270.9, 4,722.7, 4,433.2, 4,509.5, 4,612.9, 4,945.2, 5,305.4
  - Short Term: 1,498.8, 1,655.7, 1,569.5, 1,682.6, 1,851.9, 1,775.5, 1,801.6, 1,861.6, 2,005.8, 2,164.5
  - Long Term: 1,876.1, 2,015.9, 2,284.6, 2,588.3, 2,870.8, 2,657.7, 2,707.9, 2,751.4, 2,939.4, 3,140.9

- Other regional maturity breakdowns are provided for Emerging and Developing Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and Central Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa in the tables.

### Additional Analytical Breakouts (selected)

- By Source of Export Earnings — Fuel and Nonfuel total debt and maturity series are provided (Fuel total debt: 1,343.2 … 2,212.0; Nonfuel total debt: 8,289.8 … 11,822.9 across 2017–2026).
- By External Financing Source — Net Debtor Economies total debt and maturity series are provided (Total Debt: 5,488.8 … 7,860.1 across 2017–2026).
- By Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23 total debt and maturity series are provided (Total Debt: 760.7 … 1,118.3 across 2017–2026).
- Other groupings covered include Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, Low-Income Developing Countries, Middle East and North Africa, with total-debt and short-term/long-term breakdowns for 2017–2026.

*Statistical Appendix tables (Table B15–B19) from the source: numeric series for current account transactions, external debt levels, debt-service payments, debt ratios to exports, and maturities for Emerging Market and Developing Economies and regional/analytical subgroups.*

### Section 5

### tableb - Section 5

### Interest Payments (Percent of exports of goods and services)
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2017 3.8, 2018 4.0, 2019 4.4, 2020 4.6, 2021 3.6, 2022 3.5, 2023 4.4, 2024 4.5, 2025 4.3, 2026 4.2
- Regional Groups
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2017 3.2, 2018 3.6, 2019 3.8, 2020 4.0, 2021 3.5, 2022 3.6, 2023 4.0, 2024 3.7, 2025 3.8, 2026 3.8
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2017 3.0, 2018 2.9, 2019 3.0, 2020 3.2, 2021 2.3, 2022 2.1, 2023 2.9, 2024 3.3, 2025 2.7, 2026 2.7
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2017 7.2, 2018 7.5, 2019 8.1, 2020 8.1, 2021 5.6, 2022 5.3, 2023 7.0, 2024 7.2, 2025 6.9, 2026 7.0
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 2017 3.4, 2018 3.6, 2019 4.3, 2020 4.6, 2021 3.0, 2022 2.9, 2023 5.1, 2024 5.8, 2025 4.8, 2026 4.5
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 2017 3.9, 2018 4.3, 2019 4.6, 2020 5.6, 2021 4.7, 2022 3.4, 2023 4.0, 2024 4.4, 2025 4.9, 2026 4.9
- Analytical Groups — By Source of Export Earnings
  - Fuel: 2017 3.3, 2018 3.4, 2019 4.0, 2020 4.3, 2021 2.6, 2022 2.6, 2023 4.8, 2024 5.3, 2025 4.4, 2026 4.3
  - Nonfuel: 2017 3.9, 2018 4.2, 2019 4.4, 2020 4.6, 2021 3.7, 2022 3.6, 2023 4.4, 2024 4.4, 2025 4.3, 2026 4.2
  - Of which, Primary Products: 2017 6.8, 2018 8.1, 2019 8.6, 2020 7.9, 2021 5.1, 2022 5.3, 2023 6.2, 2024 6.3, 2025 6.1, 2026 6.1
- Analytical Groups — By External Financing Source
  - Net Debtor Economies: 2017 4.5, 2018 4.7, 2019 5.0, 2020 5.1, 2021 3.9, 2022 3.9, 2023 5.3, 2024 5.6, 2025 5.1, 2026 5.0
  - Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23: 2017 5.1, 2018 5.3, 2019 6.2, 2020 7.0, 2021 5.4, 2022 4.6, 2023 6.0, 2024 7.3, 2025 6.2, 2026 5.8
- Other Groups
  - Middle East and North Africa: 2017 2.8, 2018 3.0, 2019 3.6, 2020 3.8, 2021 2.4, 2022 2.6, 2023 4.7, 2024 5.4, 2025 4.3, 2026 3.9
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: 2017 3.8, 2018 4.1, 2019 4.4, 2020 4.6, 2021 3.5, 2022 3.5, 2023 4.5, 2024 4.5, 2025 4.3, 2026 4.2
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: 2017 3.3, 2018 3.6, 2019 3.6, 2020 4.5, 2021 4.4, 2022 3.4, 2023 4.2, 2024 4.4, 2025 5.1, 2026 4.9
  - Heavily Indebted Poor Countries: 2017 3.6, 2018 4.0, 2019 4.5, 2020 4.9, 2021 5.1, 2022 3.8, 2023 3.8, 2024 4.1, 2025 4.1, 2026 4.2

### Amortization (Percent of exports of goods and services)
- Emerging Market and Developing Economies: 2017 32.6, 2018 34.2, 2019 37.1, 2020 41.2, 2021 33.5, 2022 30.9, 2023 31.6, 2024 30.8, 2025 32.1, 2026 33.2
- Regional Groups
  - Emerging and Developing Asia: 2017 34.2, 2018 38.6, 2019 42.7, 2020 42.7, 2021 36.6, 2022 36.8, 2023 36.8, 2024 34.3, 2025 35.6, 2026 37.2
  - Emerging and Developing Europe: 2017 41.9, 2018 41.0, 2019 38.7, 2020 45.7, 2021 37.5, 2022 32.3, 2023 36.6, 2024 36.6, 2025 39.9, 2026 41.2
  - Latin America and the Caribbean: 2017 39.4, 2018 37.0, 2019 41.9, 2020 49.9, 2021 36.7, 2022 30.9, 2023 31.8, 2024 30.9, 2025 32.4, 2026 33.3
  - Middle East and Central Asia: 2017 15.0, 2018 14.4, 2019 16.6, 2020 24.4, 2021 17.7, 2022 15.1, 2023 14.8, 2024 14.9, 2025 16.5, 2026 16.6
  - Sub-Saharan Africa: 2017 19.2, 2018 23.4, 2019 24.0, 2020 27.6, 2021 18.9, 2022 15.9, 2023 18.9, 2024 18.9, 2025 19.1, 2026 16.9
- Analytical Groups — By Source of Export Earnings
  - Fuel: 2017 9.4, 2018 9.3, 2019 9.9, 2020 16.5, 2021 12.2, 2022 10.7, 2023 10.6, 2024 11.4, 2025 12.6, 2026 12.9
  - Nonfuel: 2017 36.7, 2018 38.9, 2019 41.8, 2020 44.6, 2021 36.6, 2022 34.6, 2023 34.6, 2024 35.4, 2025 34.2, 2026 36.6
  - Of which, Primary Products: 2017 40.3, 2018 45.0, 2019 51.3, 2020 55.6, 2021 39.3, 2022 37.2, 2023 39.8, 2024 33.1, 2025 33.0, 2026 31.0
- Analytical Groups — By External Financing Source
  - Net Debtor Economies: 2017 36.1, 2018 34.2, 2019 34.9, 2020 41.1, 2021 32.2, 2022 27.7, 2023 29.6, 2024 30.1, 2025 31.6, 2026 32.1
  - Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience — Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23: 2017 50.5, 2018 47.4, 2019 49.4, 2020 56.7, 2021 41.2, 2022 36.9, 2023 36.8, 2024 31.9, 2025 34.4, 2026 31.9
- Other Groups
  - Middle East and North Africa: 2017 14.5, 2018 14.0, 2019 16.1, 2020 23.9, 2021 17.1, 2022 14.4, 2023 13.4, 2024 13.5, 2025 15.4, 2026 15.4
  - Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: 2017 33.5, 2018 35.1, 2019 38.2, 2020 42.3, 2021 34.4, 2022 31.7, 2023 32.5, 2024 31.6, 2025 33.0, 2026 34.3
  - Low-Income Developing Countries: 2017 10.1, 2018 12.9, 2019 12.0, 2020 14.1, 2021 12.8, 2022 11.2, 2023 11.7, 2024 12.5, 2025 13.1, 2026 10.6
  - Heavily Indebted Poor Countries: 2017 9.8, 2018 9.5, 2019 10.9, 2020 11.9, 2021 12.7, 2022 9.8, 2023 8.9, 2024 9.6, 2025 10.3, 2026 9.3

### Table B21 — Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Medium-Term Reference Forecast (Selected Economic Indicators)
- (Annual percent change)
  - Real GDP: 5.3, 3.9, 4.7, 4.3, 3.7, 3.9, 4.1, 4.1
  - Export Volume1: 4.4, 3.3, 1.1, 6.7, 1.6, 3.0, 3.1, 3.8
  - Terms of Trade1: –0.1, 0.0, –1.2, –0.1, –1.5, –0.1, –0.7, 0.0
  - Import Volume1: 5.5, 3.1, 3.1, 5.8, 2.0, 3.4, 3.6, 4.1
- Regional Groups — Emerging and Developing Asia
  - Real GDP: 7.6, 5.1, 6.1, 5.3, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 4.7
  - Export Volume1: 6.1, 4.2, 1.3, 10.9, 0.6, 1.7, 3.5, 3.6
  - Terms of Trade1: 0.4, –1.0, –0.8, –1.1, 0.0, 0.8, –0.3, 0.0
  - Import Volume1: 7.1, 3.3, 2.3, 7.6, 1.3, 3.7, 3.7, 4.2
- Regional Groups — Emerging and Developing Europe
  - Real GDP: 2.6, 2.7, 3.6, 3.4, 2.1, 2.1, 2.8, 2.4
  - Export Volume1: 3.7, 2.7, –2.3, 0.6, 2.5, 3.6, 1.1, 3.6
  - Terms of Trade1: –0.5, 1.1, –2.3, 4.6, –1.7, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2
  - Import Volume1: 3.4, 4.1, 4.5, 4.2, 2.9, 2.7, 3.6, 3.7
- Regional Groups — Latin America and the Caribbean
  - Real GDP: 2.4, 1.6, 2.4, 2.4, 2.0, 2.4, 2.3, 2.7
  - Export Volume1: 2.3, 2.0, –0.4, 4.3, 1.1, 2.5, 1.9, 3.5
  - Terms of Trade1: 0.0, 1.1, 6.5, –0.2, –0.8, –0.4, 1.2, –0.1
  - Import Volume1: 3.8, 2.8, 1.3, 3.1, 2.0, 2.9, 2.3, 3.1
- Regional Groups — Middle East and Central Asia
  - Real GDP: 4.0, 2.6, 2.2, 2.4, 3.0, 3.5, 2.8, 3.8
  - Export Volume1: 3.7, 2.5, 4.5, 2.8, 4.2, 6.1, 4.4, 4.9
  - Terms of Trade1: –2.2, 0.4, –6.9, –2.2, –7.0, –2.6, –4.7, 0.0
  - Import Volume1: 5.4, 2.0, 7.5, 5.2, 2.6, 3.7, 4.7, 4.6
- Regional Groups — Sub-Saharan Africa
  - Real GDP: 4.7, 3.2, 3.6, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2, 3.9, 4.5
  - Export Volume1: 2.0, 1.9, 3.2, 2.2, 3.9, 5.6, 3.7, 4.7
  - Terms of Trade1: 0.1, 2.0, –6.0, 3.6, –0.5, 0.2, –0.7, 0.6
  - Import Volume1: 4.9, 2.6, 1.0, 1.8, 5.1, 4.6, 3.1, 5.0

### Table B21 (continued) — Selected External and Debt Indicators (Percent of exports of goods and services)
- Projections 2014 2018 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2030 (as provided)
- Current Account Balance: 2.1, –0.5, 5.6, 2.5, 3.3, 1.0, 0.3, –0.4
- Total External Debt: 99.7, 109.4, 95.3, 102.4, 100.8, 107.4, 110.2, 112.0
- Debt-Service Payments2: 39.5, 38.3, 34.4, 36.1, 35.3, 36.5, 37.4, 38.9
- Interest Payments: 3.4, 4.0, 3.5, 4.4, 4.5, 4.3, 4.2, 4.2
- Amortization: 35.9, 34.2, 30.9, 31.6, 30.8, 32.1, 33.2, 34.7
- Regional Groups — Emerging and Developing Asia
  - Current Account Balance: 5.7, –1.1, 5.5, 4.3, 6.5, 5.0, 4.0, 2.6
  - Total External Debt: 80.0, 82.3, 72.7, 77.3, 73.3, 79.6, 83.3, 92.2
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 46.3, 42.2, 40.4, 40.6, 38.1, 39.4, 41.0, 45.3
  - Interest Payments: 3.2, 3.6, 3.6, 4.0, 3.7, 3.8, 3.8, 4.1
  - Amortization: 43.1, 38.6, 36.8, 36.6, 34.3, 35.6, 37.2, 41.2
- Regional Groups — Emerging and Developing Europe
  - Current Account Balance: –0.4, 4.5, 6.6, –0.8, –0.1, –3.1, –2.8, –3.3
  - Total External Debt: 134.5, 118.1, 95.0, 104.9, 110.3, 115.2, 116.2, 113.0
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 55.2, 43.9, 34.4, 39.5, 41.9, 42.6, 43.9, 42.7
  - Interest Payments: 4.1, 2.9, 2.1, 2.9, 3.3, 2.7, 2.7, 2.5
  - Amortization: 51.2, 41.0, 32.3, 36.6, 38.6, 39.9, 41.2, 40.2
- Regional Groups — Latin America and the Caribbean
  - Current Account Balance: –15.8, –11.4, –7.7, –4.4, –3.5, –4.3, –5.4, –4.8
  - Total External Debt: 167.7, 183.0, 155.6, 161.4, 156.6, 164.0, 166.4, 157.4
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 43.4, 45.2, 36.4, 39.0, 38.4, 39.5, 40.4, 39.4
  - Interest Payments: 5.6, 7.5, 5.3, 7.0, 7.2, 6.9, 7.0, 6.3
  - Amortization: 35.9, 37.0, 30.9, 31.8, 30.9, 32.4, 33.3, 33.0
- Regional Groups — Middle East and Central Asia
  - Current Account Balance: 13.5, 7.7, 18.6, 9.0, 4.7, –0.4, –1.1, –1.1
  - Total External Debt: 65.8, 105.8, 100.0, 109.2, 113.8, 122.6, 125.3, 122.4
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 11.5, 18.0, 18.0, 19.9, 20.7, 21.3, 21.2, 20.1
  - Interest Payments: 1.7, 3.6, 2.9, 5.1, 5.8, 4.8, 4.5, 4.1
  - Amortization: 9.9, 14.4, 15.1, 14.8, 14.9, 16.5, 16.6, 15.9
- Regional Groups — Sub-Saharan Africa
  - Current Account Balance: –14.2, –8.4, –8.1, –10.6, –6.2, –8.9, –7.9, –7.8
  - Total External Debt: 100.4, 155.8, 149.6, 163.4, 160.1, 164.1, 162.4, 147.5
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 16.0, 27.7, 19.4, 22.9, 22.8, 24.0, 21.8, 21.4
  - Interest Payments: 2.5, 4.3, 3.4, 4.0, 4.4, 4.9, 4.9, 4.7
  - Amortization: 13.6, 23.4, 15.9, 18.9, 18.4, 19.1, 16.9, 16.7
- Analytical Groups — Net Debtor Economies by Debt-Servicing Experience (Economies with Arrears and/or Rescheduling during 2019–23)
  - Current Account Balance: –15.5, –12.9, –8.1, –10.4, –11.9, –18.3, –14.4, –10.0
  - Total External Debt: 146.1, 198.3, 193.9, 204.3, 199.0, 206.4, 201.7, 171.4
  - Debt-Service Payments2: 45.2, 52.7, 41.5, 42.8, 39.2, 40.6, 37.8, 27.8
  - Interest Payments: 2.9, 5.3, 4.6, 6.0, 7.3, 6.2, 5.8, 4.9
  - Amortization: 42.2, 47.4, 36.9, 36.8, 31.9, 34.4, 31.9, 22.9

*Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2025/april/english/tableb.pdf*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2025/april/english/tableb.pdf_