## _021809a

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---

### Scope and methodology
- Evaluation covers technical assistance (TA), including training, to Mozambique and Rwanda during the period 2000–08.
- TA covered the broad spectrum of the Statistics Department’s (STA) program, including collaboration with East AFRITAC, the U. K. Department for International Development (DFID), and the Japanese-funded General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) projects, as well as TA funded directly from the IMF’s budget.
- Evaluation methods:
  - Missions: Mozambique (September 30–October 3, 2008) and Rwanda (September 1–5, 2008).
  - Standardized questionnaires with detailed action-plan matrices.
  - Desk review of country data provision to STA and implementation records.
  - Discussions with country authorities, donors, data users, national officials who participated in IMF courses in statistics.

### Delivery inputs and training metrics
- STA Technical Assistance (TA) to Mozambique and Rwanda, 2000–08 (Table 1):
  - AFR TA field time total: 88.01 (in person years).
  - Mozambique TA field time total: 4.97 (in person years).
  - Rwanda TA field time total: 1.07 (in person years). Note: Rwanda total does not include East AFRITAC missions before 2004.
- Training participants (calendar year counts):
  - Mozambique: 27 participants in IMF Institute (INS) and STA-arranged courses during 2003–08.
  - Rwanda: 46 participants in INS and other STA courses and seminars during 2000–08.
- Mozambique received two data ROSC missions in 2002 and 2005.

### Context and institutional reform
- Both countries are post-conflict (Mozambique: civil war; Rwanda: civil war and genocide) and required time to rebuild institutions and NSOs.
- Legal and institutional milestones:
  - Mozambique: NDS transformed into autonomous Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (INE) in 1996 (Laws No. 7/96 and 9/96). High Council of Statistics coordinates official national statistics.
  - Rwanda: Statistical Act approved by Parliament in 2005; National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) established from the DS in 2006.
- PRSP integration:
  - Mozambique’s PARPA II (covers 2006–10, revised to cover 2008–10) fully incorporates funding for statistical reforms in PARPA II’s MTEF.
  - Rwanda’s EDPRS (2007–12) highlights monitoring and the key role of the NISR; however, the PRSP process has yet to cost statistical reforms and incorporate their funding into the MTEF.

### Key findings on absorption, outputs, and variability
- Initial slow absorption of TA as institutions were rebuilt; it took several years for IMF TA to have intended effects.
- Main constraint in both countries: access to financial and human resources (recruitment, training, equipment, retention).
- Differences in reform experience and TA impact reflect:
  - Amount of TA delivered.
  - Legal and institutional legacies.
  - Resources available to recipient agencies.
- Central banks had greater access to resources, permitting better absorption and retention of TA in balance of payments and monetary and financial statistics.
- NSOs had limited success in promoting national agency coordination and promoting the GDDS framework.
- Data users concur that more efforts are needed to promote public access to high-quality and timely data.

### Risks to sustainability and suggested mitigation
- Main risk: access to adequate medium-term resources for sustaining and enhancing TA effectiveness.
- Recommended mitigation: integrate statistical activities into countries’ poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) to provide an operational framework for establishing and funding reform priorities.
  - Mozambique has made the most progress in integrating statistical funding into PRSPs/MTEF.
  - Rwanda still has further steps to take to achieve similar integration.

### Priorities and forward guidance (common themes)
- Strengthen NSOs and ministries of finance to generate requisite source data for real sector and government finance statistics.
- Promote national agency coordination and GDDS adoption for data compilation and dissemination.
- Enhance public access to high-quality and timely data.
- Emphasize longer-duration TA and resident experts; follow-up with training participants to ensure application of course material.

### Mozambique — achievements, gaps, and priorities
- Key achievements:
  - Full adoption of international methodologies for compiling macroeconomic statistics, except for government finance statistics (GFS).
  - Rebasing of the national accounts (NA) to base year 2003.
  - Compilation of quarterly NA and BOP statistics, and annual IIP statistics.
  - Establishment of a business register.
  - Adoption of standardized report forms for monthly MFS.
  - Preparation of strategic statistical plans, fully integrated with government programs.
- Institutional progress:
  - INE established in 1996; participation in GDDS formalized in November 2003.
  - Benefited from Lusophone Africa GDDS Project 2002–05 (JSA financed) and a national accounts resident advisor in Maputo (August 2005 to August 2006) financed by the JSA.
  - TA predominantly provided in Portuguese by native-speaking experts; coordination with Portuguese institutions aided sequencing of TA.
- Remaining gaps and risks:
  - Progress very slow in GFS due to lack of dedicated unit in MoF and delayed information management system rollout.
  - Resources remain a constraint for implementing Statistical Strategic Plan (2008–12), particularly for timely and quality NA and prices statistics.
  - Statistical Strategic Plan (2008–12) does not cover the statistical role of MoF for GFS and public debt data.
- Priorities going forward for Mozambique:
  - National accounts: improve quality of source data; strengthen methodological soundness for annual and quarterly NA.
  - Price statistics: expand geographic coverage of the CPI; improve software and reinforce regional offices’ human and technological resources.
  - Government finance statistics: set up a dedicated unit for GFS; compile and disseminate quarterly GFS aligned with GFSM 2001; report quarterly GFS to STA on a timely basis.
  - Monetary and financial statistics: extend coverage to other financial corporations and compile transaction data and financial statistics.
  - Real sector: finalize rebasing of the PPI to include mining and quarrying, electricity, gas, and water; begin monthly publication; compile quantity and volume industrial production index; compile price and production index for construction; estimate quarterly GDP.
  - Balance of payments: improve methodological soundness for annual and quarterly BOP; compile quarterly IIP statistics; implement integrated monetary database (IMD).

### Box 3 — Mozambique’s Technical Assistance Coordinator and the Role of the IMF
- Establishment and mandate:
  - IMF collaborated with DFID, SECO, DANIDA to establish a TA coordinator in Mozambique attached to the IMF Resident Representative Office in Maputo.
  - Donors funded the position initially for four years through April 2008; subsequently Ireland funded another year.
  - Roles: coordinate project activities locally; support short-term experts and HQ missions; support government donor coordination; liaise with HQ TA and area departments.
- Contributions and outcomes:
  - Improved coordination of TA advisors and donors.
  - More effective planning of short-term visits and TA interventions.
  - Mobilized additional donor resources for tax and PFM reforms.
  - Assisted negotiations on a multidonor common fund and on a Memorandum of Understanding for FAD TA follow-up in FY 2009.
- TA delivery modalities and staffing (2000–08):
  - 32 missions in various statistical areas; resident national accounts advisor stationed for one year.
  - Predominantly short-term experts (29 missions) and one long-term expert; STA staff undertook just three missions.
  - Delivery formats: series of two-week visits, longer visits from GDDS and NA peripatetic advisor, stationing of regional long-term NA advisor.
- Language and expert selection:
  - TA and training needed to be provided in Portuguese; partner institutions in Portugal used to identify experts.
  - 27 officials participated in macroeconomic statistics courses during 2000–08.
- Monitoring and outputs:
  - Project Management System (PMS) guided translation of GDDS plans into work programs with deliverables and timetables.
  - Substantial implementation of action plans in all macroeconomic statistics except GFS.
  - Specific outputs:
    - NA: produced according to 1993 SNA; annual NA rebased to 2003; quarterly NA in constant prices started in 2007.
    - CPI: geographic coverage expanded to three largest cities; only Maputo CPI disseminated timely due to resources.
    - MFS: compiled on MFSM 2000 basis; monthly SRFs reported since December 2002; integrated monetary statistics database operational since mid-2006.
    - BOP: BPM5-based compilation since 2004; quarterly BOP enterprise survey launched in 2008; annual IIP started with limited coverage.
    - GFS: progress very slow; MoF commitment to establish a statistical unit expressed but not yet realized.
- Policy recommendations:
  - Maintain/expand TA coordinator model to improve local coordination and mobilize donor resources.
  - Establish a dedicated statistical unit in MoF for GFS and public debt data.
  - Strengthen NA staff and methodology; improve CPI coverage and IT resources.
  - Expand monetary statistics and BOP source data; sustain continuity of experts and longer mission durations.
  - Enhance coordination among national statistical agencies using GDDS and scale up Portuguese-language training.

### Rwanda — achievements, gaps, and priorities
- Background and demand:
  - Statistical capacity severely weakened by civil war and genocide during 1990–94; STA restarted TA in 2000.
  - Since 2000 authorities requested 17 TA missions covering NA, prices, BOP, GFS, and MFS.
- Inputs and delivery:
  - STA trained 46 Rwandan officials in macroeconomic statistics since 2000:
    - By topic (prior to September 2008): MFS 14; BOP 16; GFS 7; NA 4; External debt statistics 1; Financial soundness indicators 1.
    - By agency: NBR 32; MINECOFIN 10; NISR 4.
  - Modalities: STA staff, short-term experts, multisector statistical advisor based at East AFRITAC; much TA delivered through East AFRITAC.
  - Authorities prefer longer missions and resident guidance; two-week missions often too short.
- Outputs and implementation:
  - Rwanda produces 20 of the 29 GDDS data categories; metadata posted on DSBB but not updated since June 2003.
  - Institutional/legal progress: Statistical Act (2005); NISR established September 2006; NSDS preparations for 2009–12 underway.
  - National accounts produced broadly in accordance with 1993 SNA.
  - Price statistics: quarterly PPI for manufacturing since 2005 (rebased to 2006; sample 120–130 enterprises excluding construction). Two CPI indices: Kigali CPI (NBR) and urban/rest-of-country CPI (NISR); NISR index broadly accepted.
- GFS achievements and remaining challenges:
  - Achievements: legal framework adopted in 2006; legal text in 2007; chart of accounts approved in 2007; consolidated financial statements for 2006–07 published.
  - Challenges: inadequate staff at MINECOFIN; no dedicated GFS unit; many recommendations from 2003 multisector mission not implemented.
  - Objectives: improve classification to comply with GFSM 2001; develop strategic plan to migrate to GFSM 2001. Measurable success criteria include MINECOFIN’s ability to prepare the 2009/10 budget using revised classification and regular dissemination starting in July 2009.
- MFS and BOP outstanding issues:
  - MFS: all 2003 recommendations implemented; outstanding: difficulty compiling flow data, IMD pending, integration of microfinance and other financial corporations.
  - BOP: several recommendations from 2003 and 2007 missions not fully implemented (e.g., settlement balance step toward BPM5, BPM4 used in NBR publications, incomplete transfer of external trade statistics to RRA).
  - Authorities’ BOP priorities: improve estimated components, make settlement balance effective, construct capital account consistent with state budget, review each BOP component per BPM5.
- Institutional capacity and resourcing risks:
  - NISR staffing and capacity:
    - NISR currently employs 33 staff.
    - Effective March 2008, average salaries were increased by about 30 percent.
    - 36 additional staff will be recruited in the near future at both headquarters and district levels.
    - Subsequent to the TA evaluation mission, the NISR hired 10 staff who participated in a joint East AFRITAC/UNDP training workshop.
  - Heavy reliance on donor basket funding risks sustainability of statistical development absent donor funds.
  - Limited coordination hampered NISR’s coordinating role and use of GDDS framework.
- Data reporting deficiencies:
  - Reporting to STA inadequate and mainly through Excel; some categories (including bilateral trade and monetary aggregates) not reported.
  - GFS last reported in 2004; Government Finance Statistics Yearbook questionnaire last reported in 1992.
  - Very limited use of ICS; only two submissions through ICS during past two years.

### Users’ feedback and regional learning
- Banking industry:
  - Noted weaknesses in dissemination (no contact points on NBR website, nonfunctioning hyperlinks, six-month lags in some data).
  - Complained of heavy data-reporting burdens and lack of sectoral breakdowns.
- Private sector and other users:
  - Generally relatively satisfied with relationships with NISR, MINECOFIN, and NBR.
  - Suggested updating websites, centralizing statistical production, harmonizing data, strengthening cooperation, and improving sharing of information.
  - Concerns about lack of sociodemographic and labor market data and limited transfer of knowledge to local staff.
- Regional learning:
  - Rwanda could benefit from neighboring East AFRITAC countries’ experience through regional or bilateral meetings.

### Unimplemented recommendations (as of early September 2008)
- Adoption of an action plan outlining priorities for national accounts.
- Development of modalities for cooperation between the NBR and NISR to jointly compile a national CPI for Rwanda.
- Establishment of a national accounts unit within the NISR.
- Recruitment by the NISR of an adequate number of professional statisticians with experience in economic statistics.
- Authorities indicated further TA in NA, CPI, and PPI should focus on reviewing systems put in place and ensuring they function under local staff.

### Conclusions and key lessons for TA provision, absorption, and sustainability
- Initial TA absorption is difficult in weak, post-conflict institutions; TA should start with diagnostics and ad hoc gap-filling, then focus on establishing a basis to absorb TA effectively.
- TA is a medium-to-long-term effort requiring coordination with donors and focus on rebuilding institutional capacity, especially NSOs.
- Critical success factors:
  - Commitment to, and ownership of, TA by country authorities.
  - Robust legal and institutional frameworks for national statistical organizations.
  - Adequate resources and stable staff to act as counterparts to IMF staff and experts.
  - Prioritization of reforms and linkage to budgets via PRSPs and MTEFs to secure medium-term funding.
  - Effective coordination with donors, other Fund departments, and regional organizations (e.g., AFRITACs).
  - Use of the GDDS framework for coordination, documentation, and prioritization.
  - Addressing language constraints that hamper TA effectiveness.
  - Careful expert selection and appropriate mix of TA delivery (longer missions, resident advisors, on-the-job training).

*Source: Executive Summary and selected sections, _021809a.*

### Executive Summary ......................................................................................................

### _021809a - Executive Summary ......................................................................................................

### Scope and methodology
- Evaluation covers technical assistance (TA), including training, to Mozambique and Rwanda during the period 2000–08.
- TA covered the broad spectrum of the Statistics Department’s (STA) program, including collaboration with East AFRITAC, the U. K. Department for International Development (DFID), and the Japanese-funded General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) projects, as well as TA funded directly from the IMF’s budget.
- The evaluation is based on missions to each country, responses to questionnaires, desk reviews of available data, and discussions with country authorities, donors, data users, and national officials who participated in IMF courses in statistics.
- Missions: Mozambique (September 30–October 3, 2008) and Rwanda (September 1–5, 2008).
- Instruments used:
  - Standardized questionnaires with detailed action-plan matrices.
  - Desk review of country data provision to STA and implementation records.
  - Discussions with agencies receiving TA, business community, civil society, academics, donors, and IMF course participants.

### Context and institutional reform
- Both countries are post-conflict: Mozambique (civil war) and Rwanda (civil war and genocide) and required time to rebuild institutions and NSOs.
- Legal frameworks enabled establishment of autonomous national statistical organizations (NSOs), which enhanced awareness and mobilized resources for reforms.
- NSOs’ roles emphasized:
  - Compiling demographic, social, and economic statistics, including national accounts and price statistics.
  - Undertaking surveys, censuses, and contributing to administrative data systems that provide source data for macroeconomic statistics.
- Examples of institutional milestones:
  - Mozambique: NDS transformed into autonomous Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (INE) in 1996 (Laws No. 7/96 and 9/96). High Council of Statistics coordinates official national statistics.
  - Rwanda: Statistical Act approved by Parliament in 2005; National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) established from the DS in 2006.
- PRSP integration:
  - Mozambique’s PARPA II (covers 2006–10, revised to cover 2008–10) highlights importance of statistics and fully incorporates funding for statistical reforms in PARPA II’s MTEF.
  - Rwanda’s first PRSP launched in June (text truncated in source).

### Delivery and training inputs (selected metrics)
- Table 1 summary (STA Technical Assistance (TA) to Mozambique and Rwanda, 2000–08):
  - AFR TA field time total: 88.01 (in person years).
  - Mozambique TA field time total: 4.97 (in person years).
  - Rwanda TA field time total: 1.07 (in person years). Note: Rwanda total does not include East AFRITAC missions before 2004.
- Training participants (calendar year counts):
  - Mozambique: 27 participants in IMF Institute (INS) and STA-arranged courses during 2003–08.
  - Rwanda: 46 participants in INS and other STA courses and seminars during 2000–08.
- Mozambique benefited from two data ROSC missions in 2002 and 2005.

### Key findings on absorption, outputs, and variability
- Initial slow absorption of TA as institutions were rebuilt; it took several years for IMF TA to have intended effects.
- Main constraint in both countries: access to financial and human resources (recruitment, training, equipment, retention).
- Reform experience and impact of TA differ significantly:
  - Differences reflect the amount of TA delivered, legal and institutional legacies, and resources available to recipient agencies.
  - Central banks had greater access to resources, permitting better absorption and retention of TA in balance of payments and monetary and financial statistics.
- NSOs had limited success in:
  - Promoting national agency coordination.
  - Promoting the GDDS framework to compile and disseminate data.
- Data users concur that more efforts are needed to promote public access to high-quality and timely data.

### Risks to sustainability and suggested mitigation
- Main risk: access to adequate medium-term resources for sustaining and enhancing TA effectiveness.
- Recommended mitigation: integrate statistical activities into countries’ poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) to provide an operational framework for establishing and funding reform priorities.
  - Mozambique has made the most progress in integrating statistical funding into PRSPs/MTEF.
  - Rwanda still has further steps to take to achieve similar integration.

### Priorities and forward guidance
- Evaluation missions agreed with authorities on priority areas to guide future TA.
- Lessons from the review are important for enhancing future assistance to each country, including guidance for TA to non-English-speaking countries.
- Emphasis on:
  - Strengthening NSOs and ministries of finance to generate requisite source data for real sector and government finance statistics.
  - Promoting national agency coordination and GDDS adoption for data compilation and dissemination.
  - Enhancing public access to high-quality and timely data.

*Source: Executive Summary, _021809a.*

### 2002. In September 2007, the second

### _021809a - 2002. In September 2007, the second

### PRSP monitoring and statistical reforms
- The Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS, 2007–12) highlights the priority of monitoring and the key role of the NISR in such an exercise.
- The PRSP process has yet to cost the requisite statistical reforms and incorporate their funding into the MTEF.
- Absent prioritization and funding for statistical reforms, it is unlikely the planned improvement in statistical capacity and the PRSP monitoring exercise will be achieved.

### National Statistical Strategic Plans and NSDS alignment
- First and second Statistical Strategic Plans covered 1998–2002 and 2003–07, respectively.
- The third plan (2008–12) is described as a near state-of-the-art plan, developed through a comprehensive participatory process (data producers, users, and donors), and is fully integrated into PARPA II to facilitate adequate funding and effective monitoring of PARPA II.
- The first Statistical Strategic Plan for the development of the national statistical system covered 2003–07.
- Preparations for the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS, 2009–13) are in an advanced stage, but are not synchronized with the EDPRS.
- Thus, the full scope of the requisite statistical reforms to ensure adequate monitoring of the EDPRS has yet to be established, costed, and prioritized.
- Funding for the NSDS has yet to be established.

### STA’s Technical Assistance Evaluation Missions to Mozambique and Rwanda — Overall assessment
- The TA provided has been very useful and met the countries’ priority needs.
- Long-term experts stationed in the countries and short-term missions are considered the most effective form of TA, particularly when accompanied by detailed action plans to implement the recommendations.
- TA missions provided applied training; the length of training (especially for balance of payments (BOP) in the case of Rwanda) is considered too short.
- TA has facilitated the provision of regular statistics needed for the IMF’s African Department (AFR) and for publication in International Financial Statistics.
- TA has facilitated formulation of economic policies, dissemination of more and better-quality statistics, and improved dissemination practices.
- Mozambique and Rwanda started participating in the GDDS in 2003 and have used GDDS metadata disseminated in the DSBB and national sites to facilitate some coordination of TA.
- Institutional capacity to produce macroeconomic statistics has been substantially strengthened.

### Key statistical achievements — Mozambique and Rwanda
- Mozambique:
  - Full adoption of international methodologies for compiling macroeconomic statistics, except for government finance statistics (GFS).
  - Rebasing of the national accounts (NA) to a new base year (2003).
  - Compilation of quarterly NA and BOP statistics, and annual international investment position (IIP) statistics.
  - Establishment of a business register.
  - Adoption of the standardized report forms for the compilation of monthly monetary and financial statistics (MFS).
  - Preparation of strategic statistical plans, fully integrated with the government programs and coordinated with main partners providing assistance in the statistical area.
- Rwanda:
  - Creation of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda in 2006.
  - Adoption of the international methodologies, except in GFS.
  - Adoption of a legal framework for GFS in 2006 and of a legal text in 2007.
  - Publication of a detailed financial management manual and approval of a chart of accounts in 2007.
  - Introduction of a quarterly publication of a producer price index (PPI); work in progress.
  - Adoption of the standardized report form for the compilation of MFS.

### Evaluation of STA courses — participant observations
- Participants are satisfied with training received through courses, seminars, and workshops, and find it very useful to their work.
- Case studies offered during the courses gave deeper understanding of theoretical material.
- Observations/suggestions:
  - The longer courses on methodology are more beneficial than the shorter courses or seminars.
  - Shorter courses did not allow participants to fully internalize the knowledge and benefit from the experience of colleagues from other countries.
  - STA should follow up with participants to ensure that they have made improvements in their work.

### Risks to quality and sustainability of official macroeconomic statistics (common to both countries)
- Inadequate resources, especially at the national statistical organizations (NSOs) and, to some extent, at the ministries of finance to generate and maintain source data and undertake coordinating activities.
- Inadequate utilization of the GDDS framework to coordinate activities, including regular updates of metadata, and plans for improvement to prioritize reforms and TA needs.
- Heavy reliance on external financing for statistical activities, especially at the NSOs.
- Lack of dedicated units to compile GFS in both countries, which could be targeted with TA.
- Pending work on national strategic plans for statistics to integrate the role of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and its activities in GFS into national reform priorities (Mozambique) and into the medium-term expenditure framework of the PRSP to ensure adequate funding (Rwanda).
- Limited coordination among data-producing institutions and with data users.
- For non-English-speaking countries, access to TA and training remains a challenge.
- Overall priority: Consolidate gains in the capacity to produce and disseminate quality statistics with emphasis on the production and dissemination of quarterly GFS and public debt statistics.

### Priorities going forward — Mozambique
- National accounts statistics:
  - Improve the quality of source data for compiling NA.
  - Strengthen methodological soundness and statistical techniques for compiling annual and quarterly NA.
- Price statistics:
  - Expand geographic coverage of the consumer price index (CPI).
  - Improve software used and reinforce regional offices’ human and technological resources.
- Government finance statistics:
  - Set up a dedicated unit to compile GFS and clarify the role of the MoF within the NSS.
  - Start compiling and disseminating quarterly GFS fully aligned with the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001(GFSM 2001).
  - Report quarterly GFS to the STA on a timely basis.
- Monetary and financial statistics:
  - Extend coverage of the MFS to other financial corporations and start compiling transaction data and financial statistics.
- Real sector statistics:
  - Improve source data and set up systems to review the NA, CPI, and PPI.
  - Finalize ongoing work on rebasing the PPI on manufacturing sector activities, which will include mining and quarrying, electricity, gas, and water, and begin monthly publication.
  - Compile the quantity and volume industrial production index.
  - Compile a price and production index for the construction industry; compile a service sector index.
  - Estimate quarterly GDP.
- Balance of payments statistics:
  - Improve methodological soundness and statistical techniques for compiling annual and quarterly BOP.
  - Compile quarterly IIP statistics.
  - Implement the integrated monetary database (IMD) that meets the needs of different partners.

### Priorities going forward — Rwanda
- Government finance statistics:
  - Improve existing chart of accounts and classification to comply with GFS and ensure staff can produce GFS on their own.
  - Develop a strategic plan to migrate to GFSM 2001.
- Monetary and financial statistics:
  - Fully implement the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual, 2000 (MFSM) including compilation of flow data.
- Balance of payments statistics:
  - Produce better estimates for BOP transactions.
  - Compile BOP and IIP statistics based on information from the survey and financial statements of enterprises.

### Role of NSOs and coordination
- NSOs must play a coordinating role among data-producing agencies (central bank, ministry of finance, other line ministries), donors, and data users to ensure reforms, absorption, and retention of TA.
- NSOs play important roles in advocacy for statistics through participatory national statistical strategic plans linked to PRSPs to mobilize resources in the context of MTEFs.
- Availability of adequate medium-term national budgetary resources is important to the sustainability of statistical reforms and complementary TA inputs.

### Comparative progress and TA effectiveness
- Mozambique:
  - Despite longer period of political conflict, Mozambique had an earlier start on reforms and statistical capacity building and has made more progress.
  - Latest PRSP and Statistical Strategic Plan placed the Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (INE) in a pivotal position to guide reforms and appear to have made a strong case for support from national and donor resources.
  - INE has made significant progress mobilizing resources, but resources are still not adequate for expanded responsibilities.
  - Benefited from two data ROSC missions and received a larger volume of TA, much through participation in two GDDS projects.
  - Received a national accounts resident advisor located in Maputo (August 2005 to August 2006) financed by the JSA.
  - TA provided mainly in Portuguese by native-speaking experts; Lusophone project participation and donor coordination helped sequence TA and maximize synergies.
- Rwanda:
  - Progress with institutional capacity building has followed a similar route to Mozambique but has a relatively long way to go to complete the latest Statistical Strategic Plan and integrate it into the PRSP and its MTEF.
  - The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), although a recent recipient of an infusion of resources, still has some distance to go to acquire comparable resources.
  - Received less TA overall but benefited from significantly more training, in part because of better availability of INS and STA regional English and French courses.
  - STA organized a regional course on national accounts in Maputo and collaborated with the Bank of Portugal to provide training to Portuguese-speaking African officials in Lisbon to make up for limited Portuguese courses.
- TA effectiveness:
  - TA appears most effective and sustainable in BOP and MFS, as central banks had more resources and stable staff to absorb and retain knowledge.
  - Progress in the real sector hampered by limited resources, especially staff at NSOs.
  - Limited NSO coordination contributed to delays in updating GDDS metadata and plans for improvement.
  - TA in GFS was problematic due to ministries of finance lacking dedicated units and adequate staff for effective absorption.
  - TA from the Fund’s Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) and donors on public finance management (PFM) was significant, but synergies between PFM and GFS TA were not fully coordinated to meet international methodological statistical standards.

### Program inputs and ownership — Mozambique
- Mozambique had weak statistical infrastructure at independence in 1975, deteriorated during civil war through 1992.
- IMF financial assistance began in the mid-1980s; first multisector statistical assessment mission in early-1990s recommended more resources for statistical activities.
- INE was set up in 1996 as part of rebuilding the statistical system with donor partnership.
- A comprehensive STA TA program was not formally launched until after a national statistical strategy developed starting in 1998 with inputs from stakeholders and donors.
- Since 1998, Mozambique has prepared Five-Year Statistical Plans, the most recent being the Strategic Plan for the National Statistics System, 2008–12.
- Participation in the GDDS was formalized in November 2003 with posting metadata and plans for improvement on the IMF’s DSBB.
- Lusophone Africa GDDS Project 2002–05 was financed by the Japan Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities (JSA) at the IMF; stationing of the national accounts resident advisor in Maputo from August 2005 to August 2006 was financed by the JSA.
- Ownership of the TA program increased over time, especially after deciding to participate in the GDDS and the Lusophone Africa GDDS Project; more recent TA program priorities were mutually discussed with authorities in the context of IMF-supported programs and resource constraints.
- Example: preparation of TACSNs during FY 2006–07 for Mozambique with inputs from authorities and AFR.
- Strategy: TA consisted mainly of capacity-building activities (human capacity through knowledge and skills transfer; institutional capacity through organizational and methodological advice); TA was provided in Portuguese, mainly by native-speaking experts.
- Mozambique agreed to participate in the external sector module of the second phase, DFID-financed GDDS Project (2006–09); TA under this project is provided only in English, limiting Mozambique’s benefit in areas other than BOP.
- Emphasis on coordinating donors and partners; IMF hosted a donor-financed TA country coordinator in the Resident Representative’s office in Maputo.
- Coordination with Scandinavian and Italian programs, DFID and the World Bank, and collaboration with Portugal (Bank of Portugal and Portuguese NSO) helped identify TA experts and provide training.

*Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/np/pp/eng/2009/_021809a.pdf*

### Box 3. Mozambique’s Technical Assistance Coordinator and the Role of the IMF

### Box 3. Mozambique’s Technical Assistance Coordinator and the Role of the IMF

### Establishment and mandate of the TA coordinator
- IMF collaborated with donors (DFID, SECO, DANIDA) to establish a TA coordinator in Mozambique, drawing on experience with the Technical Cooperation Action Plan (TCAP) in Cambodia.
- IMF offered to attach the TA coordinator to its Resident Representative Office in Maputo; donors (notably DFID) funded the position initially for four years through April 2008, and subsequently Ireland funded another year.
- Envisaged roles:
  - Coordinate all project-related activities at the local level; provide support to short-term experts (and headquarters TA missions) in securing meetings with counterparts and obtaining needed information in advance; smooth administrative arrangements to permit headquarters staff to focus on backstopping.
  - Support the Government in the donor-coordination role, including chairing a number of projects’ Steering Committees; work closely with active local donor offices to avoid duplication and promote TA synergies.
  - Liaise with headquarters staff in the TA and area departments (e.g., on the tax reform project) to ensure continuity with TA and related reforms and facilitate smooth execution of projects and other activities from Washington.

### Contributions and outcomes of the TA coordinator
- IMF staff and donors concur that the TA coordinator contributed to:
  - Better coordination of the work of TA advisors and donors.
  - More effective planning of short-term visits and TA interventions.
  - Smoother execution of at least two complex projects yielding positive results.
- The TA coordinator mobilized additional donor resources to fund reforms in the tax and PFM areas.
- Assisted with negotiations on the multidonor common fund, better gathering of information, assisting program missions, and enabled negotiations of the Memorandum of Understanding under which Mozambique agreed to pay for follow-up of FAD TA in FY 2009.
- Statement from source: "Without such input, it would have taken a lot of time and effort to conclude this arrangement."

### TA delivery modalities and staffing
- TA delivery combined IMF headquarters staff and experts identified by STA.
- During 2000–08, 32 missions were undertaken in various statistical areas, and a resident national accounts advisor was stationed for one year in Mozambique.
- TA predominantly delivered by short-term experts (29 missions) and one long-term expert; STA staff undertook just three missions.
- Delivery formats included a series of two-week visits, longer visits from the GDDS and NA peripatetic advisor, and stationing of a regional long-term NA advisor in Maputo.
- Particular efforts were made to ensure continuity in both STA staff and experts involved with the TA program to build relationships and improve backstopping.

### Selection of experts and language considerations
- Selection guided by the need to provide TA, including on-the-job training, in Portuguese due to absence of translations of statistical manuals except for NA.
- Identification of experts relied mainly on partner institutions in Portugal (Bank of Portugal and Portuguese NSO) because of the dearth of Portuguese-speaking STA staff and a single STA roster expert meeting the language criteria.
- Authorities indicated high satisfaction with most staff and experts; the GDDS and NA expert was particularly experienced and retained as NA expert in Maputo after the Lusophone project.
- One less-than-positive expert evaluation concerned GFS in 2003; contributing factors included insufficient preparatory work by receiving institution and lack of a well-defined mission counterpart. Prompt action removed the expert from the STA roster.

### Training, courses, and ancillary assistance
- Cooperation agreements were crucial for training courses targeted to Portuguese-speaking countries; BOP and MFS courses for African Portuguese-speaking countries undertaken in close collaboration with the Bank of Portugal.
- During 2000–08, 27 officials participated in courses in macroeconomic statistics.
- Courses and short seminars supported with extensive training material in Portuguese tailored to country conditions.
- Authorities felt missions and courses could have benefited from longer durations to allow more on-the-job training and practical case studies.

### Monitoring, evaluation, and project management systems
- The Project Management System (PMS) underpinned TA in the statistical area and guided translation of GDDS plans for improvement into work programs with deliverables and timetables.
- Monitoring focused on status of implementation of missions’ recommendations as reported by countries using PMS matrices, supplemented by information from the GDDS peripatetic advisor and follow-up missions.
- In 2004, an internal STA TA evaluation of the Lusophone Africa GDDS Project used a questionnaire and staff visit; most responses averaged between "totally effective" and "rather effective."

### Outputs and progress by statistical domain
- General: Substantial implementation of action plans in all macroeconomic statistics except GFS, where progress has been very slow.
- National Accounts (NA):
  - NA produced according to the System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA).
  - Annual national accounts rebased to 2003; compilation and dissemination of quarterly national accounts in constant prices started in 2007.
  - January 2008: INE began disseminating monthly indicators on economic climate, job expectations, and business confidence.
- Consumer Price Index (CPI):
  - Geographical coverage expanded to the three largest cities; source data improved.
  - 2003: household income and expenditure survey and census of establishments conducted; 2004: business register established.
  - Only Maputo CPI is disseminated on a timely basis due to resource constraints.
- Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS):
  - Compiled on the basis of the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual, 2000 (MFSM) and Compilation Guide (2008).
  - Since December 2002, Mozambique started reporting monthly SRFs for monetary statistics; integrated monetary statistics database fully operational since mid-2006.
- Balance of Payments (BOP):
  - Since 2004, compilation based on Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition (BPM5).
  - BOP surveys expanded to cover major direct investment enterprises and transportation, communications, and tourism sectors.
  - 2008: quarterly BOP enterprise survey launched with significantly expanded coverage.
  - Annual international investment position data started to be compiled with limited coverage.
- Government Finance Statistics (GFS):
  - Progress very slow due to delays rolling out the new information management system and insufficient awareness of importance.
  - Lack of a dedicated unit in the MoF to compile GFS hampered absorption of TA.
  - The MoF expressed commitment to establish a statistical unit dedicated to compilation and dissemination of GFS.

### Institutional strengthening, gaps, and risks
- Institutional capacity:
  - Substantial enhancement of statistical capacity; INE grown in size and reputation and well placed to coordinate the Statistical Strategic Plan.
  - NSS now fully integrated in the government’s MTEF, through which donor funding is channeled.
  - Mozambique meets or exceeds most GDDS recommendations and is well positioned to make further progress toward subscribing to the Special Data Dissemination Standards.
- Remaining gaps and risks:
  - Resources remain a constraint for implementing the Statistical Strategic Plan (2008–12), particularly for timely and quality national accounts and prices statistics.
  - The Statistical Strategic Plan (2008–12) does not cover the statistical role of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) for GFS and public debt data because the MoF’s statistical function remains outside the NSS coordinated by INE.
  - MoF lacks a unit dedicated to compiling GFS and liaising with INE and BoM.
  - Data users noted need for further improvement in quality and coverage of data at national and regional levels and over longer time periods; absence of GFS noted as significant gap.
  - With e-SISTAFE generating growing data, MoF has not yet put in place a compilation system of GFS to ensure consistency with international standards.

### Policy-relevant implications and recommendations
- Maintain and/or expand the TA coordinator model to:
  - Improve local coordination of TA advisors and donors.
  - Facilitate mobilization of additional donor resources for tax and PFM reforms.
  - Expedite agreements (e.g., Memorandum of Understanding for FAD TA follow-up).
- Prioritize resources and institutional arrangements to ensure absorption of TA, notably:
  - Establish a dedicated statistical unit in the MoF for GFS and public debt data.
  - Strengthen national accounts staff and methodological capacity; improve monthly/quarterly indicators for industrial output, employment, income, and foreign trade.
  - Expand CPI geographic coverage and strengthen IT resources and CPI software.
  - Expand monetary statistics coverage to other financial corporations and initiate compilation of financial statistics.
  - Broaden BOP source data and validate accuracy, including use of the International Transactions Reporting System.
- Sustain continuity of experts and longer mission durations to enhance on-the-job training and transfer of operational experience.
- Enhance coordination among national statistical agencies using the GDDS framework and scale up training to facilitate TA absorption and improve macroeconomic statistics quality.

*Source: Box 3. Mozambique’s Technical Assistance Coordinator and the Role of the IMF*

### 41.      While substantial progress has been made, there remain risks to the further

### _021809a - 41.      While substantial progress has been made, there remain risks to the further

### Risks to further enhancement of statistical capacity
- Capacity to attract and retain skilled staff, particularly at the INE:
  - High staff turnover and significant lead time to forge statistical competency.
  - Financial constraints and ongoing review of autonomous agencies’ staff remuneration raise concerns about INE’s ability to retain the most qualified staff and to recruit suitable candidates.
  - Staff turnover undermines efforts to strengthen statistical capacity and makes it more difficult to absorb TA.
- Dependence on donor funding:
  - The bulk of available funding for INE’s work program comes from donors, creating a challenge to augment national budget resources to ensure sustainability of reforms and TA.
- Language and materials constraints:
  - Challenges in providing TA, training, and training materials in Portuguese.
  - Lack of statistical manuals or compilation guides translated into Portuguese (except SNA 1993) exacerbates difficulties in ensuring full transfer of skills.
  - Insufficient commitment to producing GFS aligned with international best practices poses risks to effectiveness of TA in that area.
- Mitigation suggestions noted in the source:
  - Extend DFID-financed project TA to Portuguese-speaking experts.
  - Take full advantage of cooperation understandings with Portuguese institutions (INE and Bank of Portugal) to broaden the pool of experts and enable training courses in Portuguese.

### Rwanda — background and demand for TA
- Historical context:
  - Rwanda’s statistical capacity was severely weakened by the civil war and genocide during 1990–94, weakening institutional capacity and making IMF TA absorption difficult, especially in the real sector and GFS.
- Restart and assessment of TA:
  - STA restarted TA provision to Rwanda in 2000; two missions in BOP and MFS that year.
  - A multisector mission covering all four areas of macroeconomic statistics visited Kigali in 2003 to assess needs; its recommendations form part of the TA evaluation basis.
- Donor contributions:
  - UNDP finances real sector surveys (agricultural survey), six advisors to the NISR, the national budget survey, and TA for CPI and NA statistics.
  - AfDB assists with elaboration of the NSDS led by NISR.
  - DFID provided assistance in NA and CPI statistics.
  - World Bank supports management, reforms, and capacity building via the Statistics for Results Initiative.
- Importance in national strategy:
  - Statistics recognized in Rwanda’s PRSP—EDPRS: first PRSP covers 2002–05, second covers 2007–12.
  - EDPRS indicates NISR “will provide a sound evidence-base for policymaking and results verification and its mandate should extend beyond surveys and censuses to include the exercise of quality control over information collected by line ministries…”

### Inputs of the program (ownership, TA choice, counterparts, delivery)
- Ownership and demand for TA:
  - Since 2000, authorities requested a total of 17 TA missions to implement reforms and participate in the GDDS.
  - Many STA recommendations incorporated into EDPRS and national strategic plans for statistics.
  - Rwandan officials have participated in IMF-sponsored courses and seminars since 2000.
- Choice of TA areas (of 17 missions since 2000):
  - National accounts (NA): three missions.
  - Prices: four missions.
  - Balance of payments (BOP): six missions.
  - Government finance statistics (GFS): two missions.
  - Monetary and financial statistics (MFS): two missions.
  - Priority given to real sector statistics and the NISR; absorption hampered by shortage of qualified staff at NISR and new staff at MINECOFIN after Civil Service restructuring starting in 2005.
- Counterparts and coordination:
  - Compilers: NISR (coordinator, national accounts), NBR (MFS, BOP; shares CPI, PPI, external trade with NISR), MINECOFIN (GFS).
  - Limited coordination among data-producing institutions; NISR hosts national GDDS coordinator.
  - Rwanda participant in GDDS since June 2003 but has not updated metadata, including plans for improvement, since first posted on the DSBB.
- Design and monitoring:
  - STA mission reports include recommendations and time frames; GDDS plans for improvement posted with time frames and TA/financing needs but not updated since June 2003.
- Interaction with other TA providers:
  - Donor coordination relatively good; DFID, UNDP, and European Union provide “basket” funding for some NISR activities.
  - East AFRITAC used to provide training in NA and establishment of PPI; World Bank and AfDB assist with NSDS development.
- Modalities of delivery:
  - STA TA delivered via STA staff, short-term experts, and a multisector statistical advisor based at East AFRITAC.
  - TA in real sector statistics and GFS delivered exclusively through East AFRITAC; BOP via East AFRITAC and STA; MFS exclusively through STA staff.
  - In 2003 STA appointed a resident advisor to East AFRITAC to deliver NA and price statistics TA and to recruit experts for other topical areas.
- Training inputs and preferences:
  - STA trained 46 Rwandan officials in macroeconomic statistics since 2000.
    - By topic (prior to September 2008): MFS 14 officials; BOP 16 officials; Government finance statistics 7 officials; National accounts 4 officials; External debt statistics 1 official; Financial soundness indicators 1 official.
    - By agency: NBR 32 officials; MINECOFIN 10 officials; NISR 4 officials.
  - October 2008: East AFRITAC and UNDP conducted a one-week national accounts workshop for 10 newly recruited NISR staff.
  - Majority of courses in English; balance in French.
  - Preferences for TA delivery:
    - NISR: short-term visits of two weeks and training/workshops.
    - NBR: peripatetic visits by the same expert for BOP, short-term visits for MFS.
    - MINECOFIN: resident expert preferred.
  - Authorities indicated two-week missions often too short; preference for longer courses and resident guidance for MINECOFIN staff.
  - BOP staff had not previously participated in full comprehensive BOP methodological courses (usually five weeks) at headquarters or regional centers.

### Outputs and implementation progress
- General assessment:
  - Authorities indicated STA TA very useful in all areas of macroeconomic statistics; STA TA met Rwanda’s priority needs.
  - 2003 multisector mission instrumental in facilitating Rwanda’s participation in the GDDS.
  - Rwanda currently produces 20 of the 29 GDDS data categories; metadata for these categories are posted on the IMF’s DSBB but need regular updating.
- Institutional and legal progress:
  - Adoption of the Statistical Act in 2005 provided the basis for creation of the NISR in September 2006 (previously Direction Statistique within MINECOFIN).
  - Medium-term strategic plan for NSS covering 2003–07 updated and published.
  - NISR preparing first NSDS to cover 2009–12.
- Data quality, coverage, and dissemination:
  - Provision of data to AFR and STA for publication in International Financial Statistics (IFS) has become more regular, though use of the integrated correspondence system (ICS) to transmit these data to STA remains very limited.
  - TA recognized for fostering coordination with donors in MFS and real sector statistics, but not in BOP.
- National accounts and price statistics:
  - National accounts produced broadly in accordance with the 1993 SNA.
  - Joint NISR–NBR effort established and published a quarterly PPI for manufacturing since 2005.
    - PPI was rebased to 2006; sample currently includes 120–130 enterprises from all sectors excluding construction.
    - PPI for local market products and for exports compiled with East AFRITAC support.
  - Two CPI indices:
    - Kigali CPI produced by the NBR.
    - Urban and rest-of-country CPI produced by the NISR.
    - NISR index broadly accepted as best measure of inflation in Rwanda; Kigali index is an additional useful gauge available earlier.
    - NBR indicated it would relinquish CPI production when NISR can produce a timely national index.
- Donor-supported activities and capacity building:
  - Donors (DFID, UNDP, European Commission, AfDB) established a basket fund to finance training, equipment, surveys, censuses, and data analysis.
  - UNDP, East AFRITAC, and DFID involved in NA production; DFID in CPI; East AFRITAC in PPI.
  - NISR received six advisors in various statistical activities and manages projects under the basket fund (agricultural survey, national budget survey).
  - AfDB provided assistance for production of a still pending statistical master plan.

*Source: _021809a - 41.      While substantial progress has been made, there remain risks to the further*

### 67.      Despite these efforts, several recommendations still had not been implemented

### 67.      Despite these efforts, several recommendations still had not been implemented

### Unimplemented recommendations (as of early September 2008)
- Adoption of an action plan outlining the priorities for national accounts.
- Development of modalities for cooperation between the NBR and NISR to jointly compile a national CPI for Rwanda.
- Establishment of a national accounts unit within the NISR.
- Recruitment by the NISR of an adequate number of professional statisticians with experience in economic statistics.
- Authorities indicated further TA in NA, CPI, and PP should focus on reviewing systems put in place to produce these statistics and ensuring they are well-functioning under local staff.

### Government Finance Statistics (GFS): achievements and remaining challenges
- Key achievements:
  - Adoption of the legal framework in 2006 and the legal text in 2007.
  - Approval of the chart of accounts in 2007.
  - Improvement of source data.
  - Publication of consolidated financial statements for 2006–07.
- Major challenges:
  - Inadequate staff at MINECOFIN; no unit dedicated to producing and disseminating GFS or integrating statistical reforms with ongoing PFM reforms.
  - Civil service restructuring in 2006 provided a streamlined service and substantial salary increase, but staff (including senior staff) are relatively new with limited institutional memory of STA missions of 2003 and 2004.
  - Responses to GFS questionnaire were based on the May 2008 joint GFS and PFM mission funded by East AFRITAC.
  - TA provided so far has not had a significant impact on capacity building; many recommendations of the 2003 multisector statistics mission have not been implemented.

### Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS): status and priorities
- All recommendations of the 2003 multisector statistics mission were implemented.
- Adoption of the SRFs for reporting MFS data to STA improved timeliness and coverage and reduced reporting burden to the IMF.
- Outstanding issues:
  - NBR noted difficulty compiling flow data and needs additional TA.
  - Setting up of an integrated monetary database (IMD) is still pending.
  - Problems in integrating microfinance and the rest of the financial sectors into the monetary sector, and in electronic treatment of data; some data (e.g., daily situation of the central bank) are still treated manually.
- Priorities for TA:
  - Identification and compilation of flow data.
  - Implementation of the IMD.
  - Integration of microfinance and other financial corporations (e.g., insurance) into the monetary statistics.

### Balance of Payments (BOP) statistics: gaps and priorities
- Several TA recommendations from June 2003 multisector mission and May 23–June 12, 2007 mission have not been fully implemented.
- Examples of remaining gaps:
  - Use of the balance of settlement classification as a first step toward BPM5 adoption has not been achieved.
  - BPM5 presentation is used only for data sent to the IMF; BPM4 presentation continues in NBR publications.
  - Treatment and production of external trade statistics for all products have not been entirely transferred to the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA); NBR still collects customs declaration data for coffee and tea.
  - Collaboration has not begun with the Central Public Investment and External Finance Bureau (CEPEX) for exhaustive data on international bilateral aid broken down by current and capital transfers.
- Authorities’ priorities for future TA:
  - Improve components that are currently estimated.
  - Make the settlement balance an effective tool to complement the BOP.
  - Ensure construction of the capital account on reliable data consistent with the state budget.
  - Develop new methodology, improve data collection, and train data collectors and compilers.
  - Review each BOP component to ensure treatment according to BPM5 methodology.

### Strengthening institutional capacity of the National Statistical System (NSS)
- TA focus recommended on enhancing capacity of the NISR and MINECOFIN; coordination and donor support required.
- Major priorities for future TA: real sector statistics and GFS.

Real sector statistics: needs
- Strengthen NISR’s human and financial capacity to ensure sustainability of statistical production.
- Estimate quarterly GDP.
- Finalize work to rebase the PPI on manufacturing sector activities (including mining and quarrying, electricity, gas, and water) and publish on a monthly basis.
- Compile a quantity and volume industrial production index.
- Compile a price and production index for the construction industry and a service sector index.
- NISR to take full responsibility for the CPI and PPI to promote transparency of the NBR in conducting monetary policy.

GFS: objectives and measurable success criteria
- Improve classification of financial statistics to comply with GFSM 2001 and develop a strategic plan to move toward GFSM 2001.
- Success measures:
  - MINECOFIN’s ability to prepare and present the 2009/10 budget using the revised classification.
  - Regular dissemination of statistical information starting in July 2009.
- Integration of reforms with ongoing PFM reforms emphasized to realize synergies.
- Strategic plan should contain milestones functioning as a “performance contract” to encourage authorities and staff to meet objectives.
- Establishment of a unit dedicated to compilation and dissemination of GFS would help improve TA absorption.
- Authorities believe future TA will enhance staff capacity through learning by doing.

MFS: TA objectives
- Full implementation of the MFSM, including compilation of flow data.
- Expand coverage by integrating microfinance and other financial corporations (e.g., insurance) into MFS and implement the IMD.

### Risks to the program and resourcing constraints
- National accounts statistics pose a considerable challenge; NISR has existed only since 2006 and has taken on many responsibilities without fully anticipating or costing them.
- Donors expressed concerns that managerial capacity at the NISR is limited and that there is no clear signal on how Statistical Strategic Plan reforms will be costed, prioritized, and funded in the MTEF of the EDPRS.
- Human resources:
  - NISR currently employs 33 staff.
  - Effective March 2008, average salaries were increased by about 30 percent.
  - 36 additional staff will be recruited in the near future at both headquarters and district levels.
  - Subsequent to the TA evaluation mission, the NISR hired 10 staff who participated in a joint East AFRITAC/UNDP training workshop.
  - New staff will need new offices, computers, and training to become fully operational.
  - Staff retention could be a problem if compensation is not as attractive as that of other government institutions (e.g., NBR or MINECOFIN).
- Inadequate coordination at various levels remains an important risk:
  - Limited resources at NISR have hampered its coordinating role and use of the GDDS framework.
  - Scope exists for data producers to work closely with data users to enhance quality and dissemination.
  - Within MINECOFIN, scope to integrate PFM and GFS reforms to realize full benefits.
- Heavy reliance on external financing—particularly the donor basket budget—creates risk that statistical development would become unsustainable absent donor funds.
  - Risk to timely completion of the NSDS and its integration into the EDPRS and related MTEF.

### Data reporting to STA: deficiencies
- Reporting to STA has been inadequate and is done mainly through Excel.
- Some data categories are not reported, including bilateral trade and monetary aggregates.
- GFS were last reported in 2004; the Government Finance Statistics Yearbook questionnaire was last reported in 1992.
- Very limited use of the ICS for reporting; during the past two years only two submissions through the ICS were made.
- The list of STA official correspondents for Rwanda was updated during the mission.

### Opinions of data users
Banking industry representatives
- Noted weaknesses in data dissemination: no contact points indicated on NBR’s website, nonfunctioning hyperlinks, and significant lags (six months) in dissemination of some data (e.g., loan classification).
- Complained of heavy data-reporting burdens imposed by NBR requesting every transaction reported individually.
- Banks have differing needs (regional data, rural/agricultural data); lack of sectoral breakdown complicates planning.
- Observed MINECOFIN’s data are available with a lag and quality could be improved.

Private sector and other users
- Generally relatively satisfied with relationships with NISR, MINECOFIN, and NBR.
- Suggestions to improve statistics:
  - Update agencies’ websites.
  - Centralize statistical production and harmonize data.
  - Strengthen cooperation between private sector and government agencies.
  - Improve sharing of statistical information.
- Concerns about lack of sociodemographic and labor market data and inadequate transfer of knowledge to local staff because much work is done by consultants.
- Suggested greater government investment in private sector–specific data and more high-frequency data from the central bank.

Regional learning
- Some users suggested Rwanda could benefit from experience of neighboring East AFRITAC countries that are more advanced by learning during regional or bilateral meetings or seminars.

### Conclusion: key lessons for TA provision, absorption, and sustainability
- Weak institutions make it difficult for post-conflict countries to absorb TA initially; TA should begin with diagnostic and ad hoc gap-filling, then focus on establishing a basis to absorb and use TA more effectively; TA is a medium-to-long-term effort requiring coordination with donors and focus on rebuilding institutional capacity, especially NSOs.
- Vital role of commitment to, and ownership of, TA by country authorities.
- Importance of statistical legal and institutional frameworks, especially for national statistical organizations.
- Central role of adequate resources, including stable staff as counterparts to IMF staff and experts, to facilitate transfer and retention of knowledge.
- Need to prioritize reforms and link them to the budget; mainstreaming statistics in national priorities and funding within PRSPs and MTEFs facilitates medium-term funding and reform continuity.
- Importance of effective coordination with donors, other Fund departments, and regional organizations (e.g., AFRITACs).
- Value of the GDDS framework in assisting coordination, documentation, and prioritization of reforms and TA.
- Significance of addressing language constraints that may hamper TA effectiveness.
- Importance for STA of expert selection and the mix of TA delivery.

*Source: IMF STA TA evaluation content unit titled "67.      Despite these efforts, several recommendations still had not been implemented"*

### Appendix Table 2. Mozambique: Participants in IMF Training Courses During 2003–08

### Appendix Table 2. Mozambique: Participants in IMF Training Courses During 2003–08

### Training courses and participants (by event)
- 1 — Bank of Mozambique — Financial Soundness Indicators — Tunis, 2003
- 6 — National Institute of Statistics — National Accounts — Maputo, 2004
- 1 — Bank of Mozambique — International Trade-in-Services Statistics — Tunis, 2004
- 2 — Bank of Mozambique — Standardized Report Forms Seminar 1/ — Lisbon, 2005
- 6 — Bank of Mozambique — Balance of Payments Statistics — Maputo, 2006
- 5 — Bank of Mozambique — Monetary and Financial Statistics 1/ — Lisbon, 2007
- 1 — Bank of Mozambique — Balance of Payments and International Investment Position 1/ — Lisbon, 2007
- 1 — Bank of Mozambique — Seminar on the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey — Pretoria, 2007
- 1 — Ministry of Finance — Government Finance Statistics — Washington DC, 2007
- 1 — Ministry of Finance — Workshop on Government Finance Statistics — Windhoek, 2007
- 2 — Bank of Mozambique — Monetary and Financial Statistics 1/ — Lisbon, 2008

### Aggregate counts and institutional breakdown
- Total: 27
- Of which 2/:
  - BoM 19
  - INE 6
  - MoF 2

### Notes and footnotes (as in source)
- 1/ In collaboration with the Bank of Portugal (BoP).
- 2/ Bank of Mozambique (BoM), Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (INE), and Ministry of Finance (MoF).

*Appendix Table 2. Mozambique: Participants in IMF Training Courses During 2003–08*

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