## DQAF July 2003—Summary Results (Content unit: _cr05255) ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [DQAF July 2003—Summary Results (Content unit: _cr05255)](https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/_cr05255.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/_cr05255.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/_cr05255.pdf.json) --- ### I. Overall assessment — main findings - Indonesia subscribed to the SDDS on September 24, 1996; posted metadata on the DSBB on May 21, 1997; and met SDDS specifications for coverage, periodicity, timeliness, and advance release calendars on June 2, 2000. - Flexibility options used: - Labor market and general government operations data: flexibility option for timeliness and periodicity. - System-wide observations: - Statistical system undergoing fundamental transition with decentralization and structural change. - Macroeconomic statistics broadly adequate for surveillance. - Strengths: - Statistics Law of Indonesia No. 16 of 1997 provides strong legal environment. - High quality of statistical managers and suitable resource allocation. - BPS and BI devote attention to quality monitoring and user contacts. - Main needs: - Widen statistical framework to capture insufficiently measured economic activities and structural change. - Strengthen and expand collection and analysis of basic source data. - Improve and formalize cooperation among major statistics-producing agencies. - Accelerate full implementation of best-practice methodologies. - Accessibility and metadata: - Data accessibility good via agency websites and regular publications. - Lack of detailed metadata for balance of payments and GFS identified as a serious shortcoming. - Serviceability: - Periodicity and timeliness meet or exceed SDDS standards, except timeliness of general government operations. - Errors and omissions component of balance of payments persistently large. - Persistent inconsistencies: merchandise trade (national accounts vs balance of payments); GFS domestic financing vs monetary statistics; GFS vs national accounts — none reconciled. ### II. DQAF (July 2003) — Summary Table 1 ratings (selected) - Key to symbols: O = Practice Observed; LO = Practice Largely Observed; LNO = Practice Largely Not Observed; NO = Practice Not Observed; NA = Not Applicable. - Datasets rated: National Accounts | Government Finance Statistics | Monetary Statistics | Balance of Payments Statistics. - Selected indicator ratings (preserve source ratings): - 0.1 Legal and institutional environment: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 0.2 Resources: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 0.3 Relevance: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 1.2 Transparency: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 2.2 Scope: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 3.1 Source data: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 4.1 Periodicity and timeliness: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 5.2 Metadata accessibility: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O ### III. BPS — assessment highlights (selected) - Legal and institutional: - 1997 Law and Decree No. 6 of 2000 give BPS strong legal basis; confidentiality guaranteed; penalties specified but BPS prefers persuasion. - Resources and management: - Total staff on national accounts program: 120. - Staff and computing resources sufficient; PCs networked; Excel and Oracle used; offsite backup every three months. - Methodology and scope: - National accounts broadly in line with 1968 SNA; updating to 1993 SNA in progress (planned full application by 2008). - Published: annual and quarterly GDP by production and expenditure at current and constant prices. - Annual supply and use tables (SUTS) not produced; I-O tables produced every five years. - Free zones: covered in production figures but not in imports. - Source data and surveys: - Annual censuses of production establishments with 20 or more employees exist; no survey of nonfinancial services; NESS (Household Budget Survey) weak and excludes higher-income households. - HFC accounts for nearly 70 percent of GDP. - Accuracy and validation: - Extensive use of five-yearly I-O tables; I-O tables remove statistical discrepancy only in benchmark years and introduce large revisions (2000 I-O increased total GDP by about nine percent; 1995 I-O adjustments amounted to 17 percent but were not implemented in annual series). - Revisions generally ad hoc; BPS policy to publish figures from last I-O year only. - Serviceability and accessibility: - Quarterly GDP estimates published 45 days after period end (SDDS timeliness 1Q). - Seasonally adjusted quarterly estimates available but not published; BPS plans to publish seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP data by the year 2007 following user education. - Advance release calendar published; data released simultaneously via press release and website. - Selected recommendations and commitments: - Update census lists continuously. - Introduce annual establishment surveys for nonfinancial services; resume quarterly establishment survey no later than 2006/2007. - Develop annual SUTs starting from 2000; use SUT framework in annual GDP compilation in 2007. - Publish a lengthy annual GDP time series (e.g., 20 years) — planned publications including special titles. - Convert to 1993 SNA gradually in period 2005 to 2008; expect full application by 2008. - Publish seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP by the year 2007 after user education. ### IV. MoF — Government Finance Statistics (selected findings and recommendations) - Legal and institutional: - Law 33/2004 assigns MoF responsibility for producing GFS and mandates a national fiscal database covering all levels of government. - Local government data supplied under differing accounting formats complicate processing. - Methodological transition: - GFS transitioning toward GFSM 2001; expected completion by 2008. - Central government currently on GFSM 1986 basis; local government uses nonstandard basis. - Coverage and recording: - GFS covers central and local government budget sectors; extrabudgetary funds largely excluded. - Recording on a cash basis; nonfinancial assets valued at historical prices. - Data quality and reconciliation: - Central government source data routinely assessed; local government data assessed only when problems detected. - Bridge tables developed only for central government. - Discrepancies exist between GFS and monetary data and between deficit and financing (especially monthly and quarterly). - Timeliness: - Periodicity meets SDDS standards; timeliness of general government operations does not meet SDDS standards (annual general government operations disseminated more than 9M after reference period; flexibility option taken). - Accessibility and metadata: - No comprehensive published document describing GFS concepts and methodology in Indonesia (except summary on SDDS website); MoF will translate SDDS-published metadata and publish GFSM 2001 statements on MoF websites. - Recommendations (selected): - Implement new Government Accounting Standards (GAS) once legal process complete (Law on GAS awaiting parliamentary approval). - Strengthen management systems for government cash balances; move gradually to accrual accounting (plans for accrual implementation in 2008). - Set up register of all central government public sector units (comprehensive register set up for FY2005). - Compile and disseminate GFS for general government and subsectors within six months after reference period; use estimates for local governments where timeliness problematic. - Document compilation procedures for central and local government statistics. - Develop GFSM 2001 operating statement, statement of sources and uses of cash, and (partial) balance sheets for FY2005 and publish on MoF websites. - Develop computer applications to allow automatic generation of GFS tabulations and reports. - Provide staff dedicated to GFS compilation in relevant subdirectorates. ### V. Bank Indonesia (BI) — monetary and balance of payments (selected) - Legal authority and confidentiality: - BI authority: Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999) for monetary statistics from banks; Act No. 24 and related regulations for BOP from nonbank financial institutions. - Reporting mandatory; Act No. 23 obliges BI to safeguard confidentiality and imposes penalties. - Monetary statistics: - Concepts/definitions conform to MFSM. - Coverage includes BI, all resident commercial banks, and rural banks; excludes mutual funds issuing deposit-like liabilities (REKSADANA). - Depository Corporations Survey coverage as of January 2005: BI, 132 resident commercial banks, and some 9000 rural banks — accounting for 95 percent of total deposit collection. - Valuation: market/fair prices; recording on accrual basis. - Revisions: first revision study prepared March 2005 (one revision study so far); revisions due mainly to rural banks incorporation (rural banks reporting lag "three months"; commercial banks reporting lag "21 days"). - Periodicity and timeliness: central bank survey weekly; other depository corporations monthly; central bank survey disseminated within "two weeks"; other depository corporations disseminated within "four weeks". - Recommendations and actions: - Collect source data on mutual funds in statistical format and expand monetary coverage to include mutual funds (MoU between BI and DGFI issued mid-2005; mutual funds online reporting planned in 2007). - Harmonize reported interbank positions between BI and commercial banks; BI eliminated interbank inconsistency in dissemination by using only BI data. - Balance of payments statistics: - Concepts broadly follow BPM5 with notable exceptions: financial account did not record transactions in assets and liabilities separately (plan to publish such for 2004 in Q2, 2005). - Scope deficiencies: not all resident/nonresident transactions covered; shuttle trade not estimated (shuttle trade study scheduled for 2006). - Source data: - ITRS results satisfactory for banks but not fully collected for BI segment; customs online import/export reporting introduced April–May 2004; revisions after online reporting reconstructed back to 2003. - Errors and omissions: - Errors and omissions are substantial over the long run. - Revisions and documentation: - Quarterly data become final 12 months after end of reporting period. - Revision cycle stable and public; revision studies not usually made public but BI Annual Report used to explain significant revisions. - BI implementation plans: - Study of errors and omissions in cooperation with BPS and Customs. - Publish BOP methodological documentation and more detailed metadata (planned construction of more detailed metadata in 2006). - Regular information campaigns to improve survey response rates. - Publish transactions in assets for 2004 planned in Q2, 2005 (delays noted due to source data/program changes). - Shuttle trade study scheduled for 2006. - Resources and QA: - BOP Division staff: total staff assigned 32; 44 percent have higher education degree; 50 percent attended IMF BOP course; 31 percent have at least five years’ experience in BOP compilation. - Computing resources sufficient; PCs with internet access; onsite backups daily; offsite backups every three months. ### VI. Cross-cutting recommendations (selected) - Harmonize macroeconomic statistics across agencies: - Address intersectoral discrepancies between monetary statistics and GFS, and between government finance and balance of payments statistics. - Institutional cooperation: institutional meetings between BI and MoF to harmonize monetary statistics and GFS; discuss use of government financing data from BI rather than MoF. - National accounts: - Update census lists of enterprises continuously; introduce comprehensive annual establishment surveys for nonfinancial services; develop annual SUTs starting from 2000; expedite conversion to 1993 SNA; publish quarterly seasonally adjusted GDP data. - BPS implementation commitments: NESS coverage to be expanded to include high-income households beginning in 2005; backcasting of new GDP series (2000-based) from 1990 to 1999 to be published formally by 2006. - GFS (MoF): - Implement GAS and move to accrual accounting by 2008; set up register of public sector units; obtain timely preliminary data for local governments; document compilation procedures; develop GFSM 2001 statements and publish on websites; perform routine revision studies and post results. - Monetary statistics (BI): - Include mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, and finance companies progressively (mutual funds data planned for 2007); harmonize interbank reporting; ensure comprehensive coverage of other financial corporations. - Balance of payments (BI): - Continue study of errors and omissions with BPS and Customs; publish methodology documentation; regularize information campaigns to improve survey response; prepare shuttle trade study; publish more detailed metadata. ### VII. Selected timelines and numeric points preserved verbatim - Dates, laws, and planned implementation years (as in source): - SDDS subscription: September 24, 1996. - DSBB metadata posted: May 21, 1997. - Met SDDS specifications: June 2, 2000. - Statistics Law: No. 16 of 1997. - Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999); Act No. 24. - Law 33/2004 and Law 17/2003 referenced for GFS. - BPS plans: apply 1993 SNA gradually in the period 2005 to 2008; expects full application by 2008. - BPS plans to publish seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP data by the year 2007. - MoF plans for accrual basis accounting implementation in 2008. - BI Depository Corporations Survey coverage as of January 2005: BI, 132 resident commercial banks, and some 9000 rural banks — account for 95 percent of total deposit collection. - Monetary statistics revision study: first prepared in March 2005. - BI plans to publish transactions in assets for 2004 in Q2, 2005 (publication delayed). - Shuttle trade study scheduled for 2006. - Quarterly GDP estimates published 45 days after end of period. - Quarterly balance of payments become final 12 months after end of reporting period. - Offsite backup frequency at BPS: every three months. - Legal confidentiality penalties (BPS): up to five years’ imprisonment and a fine of no more than Rp100,000,000 (around US$10,500); Article 27 penalty: imprisonment not exceeding 18 months and a fine of up to Rp25,000,000 (around US$2,650). - HFC accounts for nearly 70 percent of GDP. - I-O tables: 2000 I-O tables increased total GDP by about nine percent; 1995 I-O table adjustments amounted to an increase of 17 percent. - BPS total staff engaged on the national accounts program: 120. - BOP Division total staff assigned: 32; 44 percent have higher education degree; 50 percent attended IMF BOP course; 31 percent have at least five years’ experience. - User survey: questionnaire sent to 39 users; 21 responses received. - Overall quality ratings (scale 1–5): Monetary statistics average 3.8 (2, 5); Prices average 3.6 (2, 5); Government finance statistics average 3.5 (2, 5); National accounts average 3.3 (1, 4); Balance of payments statistics average 3.2 (1, 4). - SDDS timeliness comparators and Indonesia timeliness entries preserved as presented (examples): - National accounts: SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness Q. - Consumer prices: Indonesia Timeliness 3D. - General government operations: SDDS Timeliness 2Q; Indonesia Timeliness 9M (flexibility option). - Official reserves: SDDS Timeliness 1W; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 5WD for official reserves. ### VIII. Key immediate actions noted by authorities (selected) - BPS: - Gradual application of 1993 SNA (2005–2008); expand NESS coverage beginning in 2005; develop annual SUTs in 2007; publish seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP by 2007 after user education; backcast new GDP series for 1990–1999 to be published by 2006. - MoF: - Organizational reform completed; treasury unit responsible for accrual basis recording; comprehensive register of all sector units by organization and function classification set up for FY2005; draft government regulation for local government reporting standard in progress. - BI: - MOUs and projects: MoU between BI and DGFI issued mid-2005 for inclusion of mutual funds; phased data collection cooperation on finance companies (2005), insurance companies (2006), pension funds (2007), mutual funds (2007); online reporting systems planned via BI extranet; reconstruct trade data back to 2003 after online reporting. *Italic source: International Monetary Fund — Indonesia: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module; DQAF July 2003—Summary Results and related sections as provided in content unit _cr05255.* ### 1. DQAF July 2003—Summary Results................................................................................7 ### DQAF July 2003—Summary Results ### I. Overall assessment — main findings - Indonesia subscribed to the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) on September 24, 1996; posted metadata on the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB) on May 21, 1997; and met the SDDS specifications for the coverage, periodicity, and timeliness of the data, as well as for the dissemination of advance release calendars on June 2, 2000. - Indonesia uses the flexibility option for timeliness and periodicity of the labor market and general government operations data. - The Indonesian statistical system is undergoing fundamental transition, with agencies at various stages of adopting internationally recognized best-practice methodologies and adapting to structural change and decentralization. - Macroeconomic statistics and statistical base are broadly adequate to conduct effective surveillance at this time. - Strengths: - Strong legal environment encouraging objectivity and professionalism (Statistics Law of Indonesia No. 16 of 1997). - High quality of statistical managers and suitable resource allocation. - BPS and BI devote considerable attention to monitoring overall quality and maintaining user contacts. - Main needs: - Widen scope of statistical framework to capture insufficiently measured economic activities and structural change. - Strengthen and expand collection and analysis of basic source data underlying aggregates. - Improve and formalize cooperation among major statistics-producing agencies to foster greater consistency among datasets. - Accelerate full implementation of best-practice methodologies. - Prerequisites of quality: - Laws and regulations ensure BPS, BI, and MoF have responsibility and authority to collect, compile, and disseminate relevant statistics. - Data-sharing arrangements generally adequate, but local government data supplied under differing account formats complicates GFS processing. - Resources broadly commensurate with needs; staff are well-trained and professional. - Government does not have access to statistics prior to release, except in the case of GFS. - Methodological conformity: - Monetary statistics follow the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (MFSM). - Balance of payments statistics broadly conform to BPM5. - Quarterly and annual GDP generally conform to 1968 SNA, with some changes conforming to 1993 SNA. - GFS transitioning to GFSM 2001; local government statistics compiled on a nonstandard basis. - Scope deficiencies noted: monetary statistics exclude mutual funds issuing deposit-like liabilities; balance of payments exclude some resident/nonresident transactions; GFS restricted to budgetary transactions of general government. - Accuracy and reliability issues: - Weaknesses in source data collection (e.g., national accounts source data biased toward production industries; undercoverage of nonfinancial services). - More effective use could be made of the International Transactions Reporting System (ITRS) for balance of payments. - Procedures for assessing source data generally adequate; revision studies mostly ad hoc. - Serviceability: - Periodicity and timeliness meet or exceed SDDS standards, except timeliness of general government operations. - Errors and omissions component of balance of payments persistently large. - Inconsistencies exist between merchandise trade in national accounts and balance of payments; between GFS domestic financing data and monetary statistics; and between GFS and national accounts — none reconciled. - Accessibility: - Data accessibility is good via agency websites and regular publications. - Lack of detailed metadata for balance of payments and GFS identified as a serious shortcoming. ### II. Summary results (DQAF, July 2003) — Table 1 ratings Key to symbols: O = Practice Observed; LO = Practice Largely Observed; LNO = Practice Largely Not Observed; NO = Practice Not Observed; NA = Not Applicable - Datasets: National Accounts | Government Finance Statistics | Monetary Statistics | Balance of Payments Statistics - 0. Prerequisites of quality - 0.1 Legal and institutional environment: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 0.2 Resources: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 0.3 Relevance: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 0.4 Other quality management: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 1. Assurances of integrity - 1.1 Professionalism: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 1.2 Transparency: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 1.3 Ethical standards: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics O; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 2. Methodological soundness - 2.1 Concepts and definitions: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 2.2 Scope: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 2.3 Classification/sectorization: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 2.4 Basis for recording: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 3. Accuracy and reliability - 3.1 Source data: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 3.2 Assessment of source data: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 3.3 Statistical techniques: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics LO - 3.4 Assessment and validation of intermediate data and statistical outputs: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 3.5 Revision studies: National Accounts LNO; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 4. Serviceability - 4.1 Periodicity and timeliness: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 4.2 Consistency: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics LO; Balance of Payments Statistics LNO - 4.3 Revision policy and practice: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics O; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 5. Accessibility - 5.1 Data accessibility: National Accounts LO; Government Finance Statistics LO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 5.2 Metadata accessibility: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics LNO; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O - 5.3 Assistance to users: National Accounts O; Government Finance Statistics O; Monetary Statistics O; Balance of Payments Statistics O ### III. Assessment highlights — Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) (Table 2a) - 0. Prerequisites of quality - Legal and institutional environment: - The 1997 Law, together with Decree No. 6 of 2000, gives the BPS a strong legal basis for compiling statistics. - BPS has reasonable data-sharing and coordination procedures with other government agencies. - Confidentiality of respondents’ data is guaranteed under the 1997 Law. - BPS has effective procedures for protecting and disposing of respondents’ data. - The 1997 Law specifies penalties for respondents who do not supply relevant data; however, BPS prefers persuasion in such cases. - Resources: - Staff and computer resources are sufficient to conduct the existing statistical program. - Staff are well-trained and turnover is low. - Existing accommodation is conducive to good working conditions. - Effective procedures ensure efficient use of resources. - Relevance: - The 1997 Law specified setting up of a Statistics Community Forum, open broadly, meeting four times a year. - BPS is active internationally and is planning a survey on the quality of their statistics. - BPS has not undertaken formal studies to identify new and emerging data requirements. - Other quality management: - Management committed to data quality; quality integral to planning and staff training; management monitors quality. - 1. Assurances of integrity - Professionalism: - 1997 Law established BPS statistical independence; director appointed/dismissed by the president. - Recruitment and promotion based on ability and expertise; internal and international training emphasized. - Peer group reviews and encouragement to publish methodological articles. - BPS free to choose data sources and methodologies and decides on method and timing of dissemination. - BPS undertakes press conferences and active media monitoring to explain data and correct misinterpretation. - Transparency: - 1997 Law is included on the BPS website. - Publications identify where additional information can be found. - No government access to statistics prior to public release. - Major changes to statistics are announced in advance; minor changes noted when introduced. - Ethical standards: - No written guidance on ethical standards, but staff regularly reminded to keep data confidential. - Civil servants subject to Government Regulation 30/1980. ### IV. Assessment highlights — Ministry of Finance (MoF) (Table 2b) - 0. Prerequisites of quality - Legal and institutional environment: - Responsibility for producing GFS is clearly assigned to the MoF by Law 33/2004, mandating a national fiscal database covering all levels of government and dissemination to the public. - MoF works closely with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA) to determine accounting standards for local governments. - Local government data can be supplied under differing accounting formats, greatly complicating MoF processing. - Law 33/2004 gives MoF authority to collect local government data and provides sanctions for refusal, but no arrangements exist to obtain data for nonbudget transactions. - Resources: - Staff resources adequate, but computing resources (especially software) impede efficient compilation. - Staff training is not adequate. - No specific funding provided for statistical work, inhibiting planning for developments. - Relevance: - Relevance assessment based on user feedback; no systems in place to assess usefulness of statistical products. - Other quality management: - Training programs concentrate on quality issues, but lack of user orientation leads staff to focus on procedures rather than products. - No processes to specifically monitor quality of GFS or to obtain information from users on emerging requirements. - 1. Assurances of integrity - Professionalism: - No laws or formal arrangements support professional independence of GFS compilers, but no attempts to influence outputs have occurred. - MoF GFS staff are not professional statisticians but have generally appropriate backgrounds; some staff retained who attended GFS training in Washington. - Data sources and formats based on GFSM 1986 standards; MoF can respond to correct misinterpretation or misuse of GFS. - Transparency: - Terms and conditions for GFS compilation embedded in various laws and internal rules, but no information on terms and conditions is made public. - Government has internal access to GFS prior to release; no information about this access is public. - MoF is usually, but not always, identified as the source of GFS in published data. - Advanced notice of changes to data sources or methodology is given to the public. - Ethical standards: - GFS staff subject to general ethical standards applying to all MoF and civil service staff; also subject to provisions of the statistics law to the extent applicable. *Report: DQAF July 2003—Summary Results (sections and tables as provided in source content)* ### 0. Prerequisites of quality ### 0. Prerequisites of quality ### Assurances of integrity — legal, institutional, resources, and ethics - Legal authority: - Bank Indonesia (BI) collects, compiles, and disseminates monetary and balance of payments statistics under Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999) for monetary statistics from banks. - Republic of Indonesia Act No. 24 and related regulations provide BI authority to collect balance of payments statistics from nonbank financial institutions. - Reporting of data is mandatory for reporting institutions. - Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999) obliges BI to safeguard confidentiality of individual reporters’ data and imposes penalties on those who disclose those data. - Data sharing: - BI has broadly adequate data-sharing arrangements with the MoF and BPS and, more recently, with the Directorate General of Customs, which delivers import and export data online to the BI. - Resources and training: - Staff resources are adequate to compile monetary and balance of payments statistics. - Compilation is highly automated (monetary, and to a lesser extent balance of payments); computing resources have been adequately distributed between the staff. - BI staff receive formal training by attending regional training courses organized by the IMF Statistics Department. - Relevance and user engagement: - BI monitors relevance through a survey form for user satisfaction provided via the BI website and email addresses on BI publications. - Staff participate in international/regional statistical meetings/seminars, hold press conferences, visit universities, and use these venues to identify user needs. - Quality management and professionalism: - BI maintains processes to enhance quality awareness (Mission and Vision Statement), follow-up actions to verify reported data, and staff training programs. - Professionalism is supported by Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999), which emphasizes BI independence and prohibits interference. - Recruitment and promotion are primarily merit-based, considering professional and educational qualifications. - Transparency and ethics: - BI’s website (www.bi.go.id) publicizes terms and conditions for collecting, processing, and disseminating statistics. - No internal governmental access to statistics prior to release. - BI informs users in advance of major methodological changes for monetary statistics; for balance of payments statistics, changes are communicated concurrently with publication. - BI’s Board of Governors provides guidelines for staff behavior; guidelines are also in Job Manuals and staff behavior is reviewed in annual performance reviews. ### National Accounts — methodological soundness, accuracy, serviceability, accessibility - Methodological alignment: - National accounts are broadly in line with the 1968 SNA and are in the process of being updated to the 1993 SNA. - Scope and coverage: - Published data cover annual and quarterly GDP from production and expenditure approaches, at current and constant prices. - Annual supply and use tables (SUTS) are not produced. - Free zones are covered in production figures, but not in imports. - Recording and valuation: - Valuation rules generally follow the 1968 SNA. - All government data are recorded on a cash, rather than accrual, basis. - Average monthly, rather than daily midpoint market exchange rates, are used. - Source data and surveys: - Annual censuses of production establishments with 20 or more employees exist. - No survey of nonfinancial services; economic census every 10 years is not updated in intervening periods. - Household budget survey is weak and does not cover higher-income households. - Assessment, techniques, and revisions: - BPS routinely assesses source data when possible, but coverage of source data is not routinely assessed. - Extensive use of benchmark data from five-yearly input-output (I-O) tables; constant price techniques and coverage of informal activities could be improved. - I-O tables remove statistical discrepancy only in benchmark years and introduce large revisions to annual GDP series; the policy is to publish figures from the last I-O year only. - Only ad hoc revision studies of specific activities are undertaken. - Periodicity, timeliness, and consistency: - Quarterly GDP estimates are published 45 days after the end of the period, in line with the SDDS. - Quarterly estimates are fully consistent with annual figures; current and constant price figures are totally comparable. - Inconsistencies exist with BI in imports and exports; possible inconsistencies with MoF for local government figures have not been investigated. - Revisions made to earlier years are not available to users other than BI. - Accessibility and metadata: - GDP figures are published with different levels of detail; seasonally adjusted quarterly estimates are not published though available. - Advance release calendar is published; data available to all users simultaneously via press release and BPS website. - Comprehensive methodological guide included in the annual publication in Indonesian and English and on the BPS website; SDDS metadata updated as changes occur. - All statistical releases identify a relevant contact person; an annual catalog in Indonesian is published and website details in Bahasa and English are kept up-to-date. ### Government Finance Statistics (GFS) — methodological soundness, accuracy, serviceability, accessibility - Methodological transition and concepts: - GFS is transitioning toward GFSM 2001, expected to be completed by 2008. - Currently, central government GFS are on GFSM 1986 basis; local government uses a nonstandard conceptual and classificatory basis. - Scope and classification: - GFS covers only central and local government budget sectors, excluding extrabudgetary funds. - MoF does not have a register of public sector units. - Full range of GFSM 1986 tabulations is not available. - GFS is based on administrative rather than institutional sectors; local government uses nonstandard classifications. - Functional and economic-type classifications based on GFSM 2001 come into force in 2005. - Recording and source data: - Nonfinancial assets valued at historical prices; recording is on a cash basis. - GFS compiled from comprehensive central and local government budget data; most data support required classifications but not required valuation and basis for recording. - Assessment and compilation: - Routine assessments of source data for central government; local government data assessed only when output problems identified. - No statistical techniques used to assess local government data; compilation procedures are not documented. - Bridge tables developed only for central government. - Regular meetings held between MoF and BI to review consistency between GFS and monetary/BOP data; no reconciliation checks between stocks and flows. - No regular revision studies are carried out. - Periodicity, timeliness, and consistency: - Periodicity meets SDDS standards, but timeliness of general government operations data does not meet SDDS standards. - Annual and subannual data are consistent; time-series data are only available from 2001. - Discrepancies exist between GFS and monetary data, and between deficit and financing (especially monthly and quarterly). - Data revision limited to preliminary-to-final cycle; preliminary and revised data clearly identified. - Accessibility and metadata: - GFS disseminated mainly through MoF websites; central government GFS follow GFSM 1986 recommendations but lack equivalent coverage/detail; local government GFS disseminated in nonstandard formats. - No preannounced release dates, but release dates follow a well-established cycle; GFS made available to official users before public release. - No published comprehensive document describing GFS concepts and methodology in Indonesia, except summary information on SDDS website. - Liaison officers/contact points are included on websites and in press releases; GFS obtainable from websites or by direct application to MoF free of charge. ### Monetary statistics — methodological soundness, accuracy, serviceability, accessibility - Concepts and coverage: - Concepts and definitions conform to MFSM methodology. - Coverage includes BI, all resident commercial banks (head offices and branches), and rural banks; excludes mutual funds that issue deposit-like liabilities. - Classification/sectorization align with MFSM. - Basis for recording: - Uses market prices or fair prices for valuation; relies on accrual accounting; performs grossing and netting correctly; follows MFSM methodology. - Source data and limitations: - Source data on BI, commercial banks, and rural banks provide sufficient detail for MFSM classification. - Source data on mutual funds do not meet statistical requirements. - Assessment, techniques, and validation: - Assessment of source data is sound; statistical techniques used are sound. - Intermediate data assessed and validated against sample surveys. - Reported interbank positions between BI and commercial banks are not consistent. - Revisions, periodicity, and consistency: - Revisions result from finalization of rural banks data; first revision study prepared in March 2005 (only one revision study prepared so far). - Periodicity and timeliness are in line with SDDS requirements. - Monetary statistics are internally consistent and broadly consistent with balance of payments statistics, but not with GFS. - Revisions follow a regular and transparent schedule; revision policy clearly stated in Indonesian Financial Statistics, February 2005; preliminary and revised data clearly identified. - Accessibility and metadata: - Dissemination media are adequate; statistics released on a preannounced schedule. - Nonpublished nonconfidential data available on request. - Metadata posted on IMF’s DSBB as SDDS metadata; DSBB hyperlinked to BI website; metadata also available in Indonesian Financial Statistics, February 2005. - BI provides adequate assistance to users; publications and website provide contact information and catalogs of publications/documents/services; Administration Division of BI’s Directorate of Economic and Monetary Statistics assists with orders. ### Balance of Payments statistics — methodological soundness, accuracy, serviceability, accessibility - Concepts and scope: - Balance of payments statistics closely follow BPM5 with notable exceptions, most importantly that the financial account does not record transactions in assets and liabilities separately. - Scope broadly consistent with international methodology but not all resident/nonresident transactions are covered and shown separately. - Classification and recording: - Sectorization follows BPM5 but is not fully in accordance; public enterprises are classified in the government sector. - Market valuation principle of BPM5 is applied but not fully used; values derived from stock data include valuation and other changes. - Transactions are not fully on an accrual basis. - Source data and adjustments: - Source data derived from a range of sources, including ITRS; ITRS results collected from commercial banks but not from BI. - BI monitors accuracy of survey data and nonresponse is monitored. - Survey results adjusted for missing data; gross-basis data are not collected for some items (for example, telecommunications services). - Shuttle trade is not estimated. - Assessment, validation, and revisions: - Intermediate results validated against other information where applicable. - Revision studies: study of revisions to direct investment abroad undertaken in 2001; 2004 revision to reserve assets included the Asian Bond; latest revision related to implementation of online reporting of export and import transactions. - Periodicity, timeliness, and consistency: - Periodicity and timeliness are in line with SDDS requirements. - Errors and omissions are substantial over a long run. - Some financial transactions are not consistent with changes in the International Investment Position (IIP). - Revisions following online reporting of export and import data have not been carried out for historical years. - Discrepancies with BPS trade data have not been reconciled. - Quarterly data become final 12 months after the end of the reporting period. - Revision policy and documentation: - Revision cycle is stable and made known to the public; data are identified as preliminary when first released. - More adequate documentation of revisions could be included in publications and the statistical database accessible to users. - Revision studies are not usually made public, but BI Annual Report has been used to explain causes of significant revisions. - Accessibility and metadata: - Statistics disseminated according to standard BPM5 components and with time series; additional series provided to meet user needs; dissemination clear but without charts to facilitate analysis. - Summary methodology on concepts, statistical techniques, and coverage available on BI’s SDDS (hyperlinked to BI’s website); monthly Indonesian Financial Statistics provides a brief overview. - Prompt and knowledgeable assistance available to users; contact person identified on IMF’s DSBB for balance of payments category and advance release calendar; contact details provided on BI’s website for enquiries. *Source: _cr05255 - 0. Prerequisites of quality* ### 11. Based on the review of Indonesia’s statistical practices, discussions with the staff of ### 11. Based on the review of Indonesia’s statistical practices, discussions with the staff of ### Cross-cutting recommendations - Harmonize macroeconomic statistics across all sectors, in particular, by addressing intersectoral discrepancies between monetary statistics and GFS, as well as those between government finance and balance of payments statistics in balance of payments and national accounts. - Efforts pursued: institutional cooperation between BI and the MoF through institutional meetings to harmonize monetary statistics and the GFS post ROSC assessment, and to discuss use of government financing data from BI rather than from the MoF. ### National Accounts - Update census lists of enterprises continuously with registration of new enterprises and exclusion of nonoperating expenses. - Introduce comprehensive annual establishment surveys for nonfinancial services industries. - Publish annual GDP estimates with a lengthy time series (e.g., 20 years). - Develop a set of annual SUTS starting from 2000. - Expedite the conversion to the 1993 SNA. - Publish quarterly seasonally adjusted GDP data. - BPS comments and implementation points: - BPS is updating toward the 1993 SNA but faces (1) lack of data availability and (2) low demand because the 1968 SNA remains sufficient for some users; BPS will implement 1993 SNA gradually. - Annual supply and use tables (SUTs) are not produced; five-yearly SUT/I-O tables are produced via special surveys. BPS plans to develop concise annual SUTs with limited sectors, expanding as data become available. - Free zones: production figures cover free zones but imports do not; BPS records foreign trade under the Special Trade System treating Batam as "Abroad" and plans to include free area import/export figures from various sources such as BI. - Basis for recording: government data recorded on a cash basis; when MoF applies accrual basis, BPS will calculate government consumption on accrual basis. Daily exchange rates are being used to replace average monthly exchange rates. - Source data and surveys: annual censuses of production establishments with 20 or more employees exist; BPS conducts Integrated Small-Scale Business Survey (SUSI) for unincorporated small-scale businesses; Household Budget Survey (NESS - Susenas) coverage to be expanded to include high-income households beginning in 2005. - BPS has written ethical standards referencing the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and applies government regulation 30/1980. ### Government Finance Statistics (MoF) - Recommendations: - Implement new Government Accounting Standards. - Strengthen the current management system to track effectively changes in government cash balances. - Move gradually to an accrual accounting system. - Set up a register of all central government public sector units, classified by institutional sector. - Amend accounting regulations to ensure that general government units report all transactions and balances over which they exert control. - Compile and disseminate GFS for the general government sector and its subsectors, within six months after the end of the reference period. - Set up arrangements to obtain timely preliminary data for local governments. - Document compilation procedures for central and local government statistics. - Develop GFSM 2001 operating statement, statement of sources and uses of cash, and (partial) balance sheets, to the extent possible with available data, and publish these statements on the MoF websites. - MoF responses and implementation plans/status: - New GAS: New Government Accounting Standards will be implemented once the legal process is complete; Law on GAS is still in parliament waiting for approval. - Strengthen management system: organizational reform completed; treasury unit in new structure responsible for accrual basis recording of transactions. - Move to accrual accounting: MoF is moving gradually toward an accrual accounting system; plans under way for implementation of accrual basis accounting in 2008. - Register of central government public sector units: For fiscal year 2005, MoF has set up a comprehensive register of all sector units by organization and function classification. - Amend accounting regulations: amendment dependent on legal process for GAS. - Compile and disseminate GFS within six months: central government GFS can be completed within six months in line with Law No. 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance; local governments present timing challenges due to capacity and remoteness—MoF will use estimates as preliminary figures. - Timely preliminary data for local governments: Indonesia has more than 450 autonomous local governments; MoF will develop techniques and use estimates to overcome time lag problems. - Document compilation procedures: central government has standards; drafting of government regulation for local government reporting standard is in progress. - Develop GFSM 2001 statements and publish on MoF websites: operating statement, statement of sources and uses of cash, and (partial) balance sheets are under development and will be implemented for fiscal year 2005. - DQAF-specific comments and status: - Relevance (0.3): MoF open to feedback; contact persons will be arranged and an annual meeting with users scheduled. - Other quality management (0.4): GFS compilers lack a user perspective and no specific unit currently monitors GFS program activities. - Transparency (1.2): Information on compilation/dissemination published on MoF websites but data incomplete after reorganization; GFS produced by Directorate General of Treasury Affairs and data subject to audit by Supreme Audit Board (BPK). - Concepts and definitions (2.1): Central government uses GFSM 1986 and is converting to GFSM 2001 by 2008; local governments not yet in compliance. - Scope (2.2): GFS covers budget transactions and some extrabudgetary transactions but not all. - Basis of recording (2.4): MoF uses historical prices for assets; recording uses modified cash basis (cash toward accrual); plans for accrual implementation in 2008. - Source data (3.1): MoF has data on government activities outside the budget process. - Revision studies (3.5): Regular revision studies will be carried out soon. - Metadata accessibility (5.2): MoF has GFS concept and methodology in Indonesian version but not yet published due to copyright arrangements; MoF will translate SDDS-published metadata. ### Monetary Statistics - Recommendations: - Collect source data on mutual funds in a format that meets statistical requirements. - Expand the coverage of the monetary statistics to include mutual funds. - Harmonize reported interbank positions between BI and commercial banks. - Implementation/coordination note: - Institutional meetings between BI and MoF arranged to harmonize monetary statistics and GFS; discussions include use of government financing data from BI rather than MoF. ### Balance of Payments Statistics - Recommendations: - Continue the study of “Errors and Omissions,” in cooperation with BPS and Customs. - Publish the Balance of Payments Division’s documentation on the methodologies used to solve various problems in the balance of payments statistics. - Regularize the present information campaign to improve the response rates to various surveys. - Prepare a study of “shuttle trade.” - Publish more detailed metadata. - Appendix I: SDDS comparators and country practice (periodicity, timeliness, coverage) — selected entries preserved as in source: - Real Sector - National accounts: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Periodicity Q; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness Q - Production index: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 6W; Indonesia Timeliness 6W - Employment: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Coverage A; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 6M; See Footnote 1. - Unemployment: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Coverage A; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 6M; See Footnote 1. - Wages/Earnings: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Periodicity Q; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness 15W; See Footnote 2. - Price index: Consumer prices: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 1M; Indonesia Timeliness 3D - Price index: Producer prices: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 1M; Indonesia Timeliness 1M - Fiscal Sector - General government or public sector operations: SDDS Coverage Yes; SDDS Periodicity A; Indonesia Periodicity A; SDDS Timeliness 2Q; Indonesia Timeliness 9M; See Footnote 3. - Central government operations: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 1M; Indonesia Timeliness 1M - Central government debt: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Periodicity Q; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 1Q - Financial Sector - Analytical accounts of the banking sector: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 1M; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 4W - Analytical accounts of the central bank: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity W; SDDS Timeliness 2W; Indonesia Timeliness 2W - Interest rates: SDDS Periodicity D; Indonesia Periodicity D; SDDS Timeliness NA; Indonesia Timeliness 1W - Stock market: Share price index: SDDS Periodicity D; Indonesia Periodicity D; SDDS Timeliness NA; Indonesia Timeliness D - External Sector - Balance of payments: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Periodicity Q; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness 3M - International reserves and foreign currency liquidity (Foreign assets of Bank Indonesia): SDDS Coverage Yes; SDDS Periodicity M (W recommended for official reserves, M for reserves template); Indonesia Periodicity W for official reserves, M for reserves template; SDDS Timeliness 1W for official reserves, 1M for the reserves template; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 5WD for official reserves, NLT 1M for reserves template - Merchandise trade: SDDS Periodicity M; Indonesia Periodicity M; SDDS Timeliness 8W; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 1M - International Investment Position: SDDS Periodicity A; Indonesia Periodicity A; SDDS Timeliness 3Q; Indonesia Timeliness 9M; See Footnote 4. - External debt: SDDS Periodicity Q; Indonesia Periodicity Q; SDDS Timeliness 1Q; Indonesia Timeliness NLT 3M - Exchange rates: SDDS Periodicity D; Indonesia Periodicity D; SDDS Timeliness NA; Indonesia Timeliness D - Socio-demographic data - Population: Indonesia Periodicity A; Indonesia Timeliness NLT mid-year - Footnotes included in source: - 1/ Indonesia is taking flexibility options for the periodicity and timeliness of employment and unemployment data. - 2/ Indonesia is taking a flexibility option for the timeliness of the wages and earnings data. - 3/ A flexibility option is being taken for the timeliness of the data on general government operations. - 4/ Indonesia makes use of the option to publish the IIP with a time lag of nine months while publishing external debt figures on a quarterly basis. *International Monetary Fund — Indonesia: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module (snapshot as of March 2005); Response by the Authorities (July 20, 2005).* ### 3.2 Assessment of ### _cr05255 - 3.2 Assessment of ### 3.2 Assessment of source data - BPS routinely assesses source data; coverage of source data is not routinely assessed. - BPS holds regular meetings with data producers before estimating GDP figures. - Near-term plan: finalize a plan to regularly evaluate all techniques and methodologies of data collection from different sources. ### 3.3 Statistical techniques - Extensive use is made of benchmark data from the five-yearly I-O tables. - Constant price techniques and coverage of informal activities could be improved. - Application of SUT is expected to gradually address the problem (see answer to 2.2). - SUSI results will eventually be utilized to improve estimation of informal activities. ### 3.4 Assessment and validation of intermediate data and statistical outputs - The five-yearly I-O tables remove the statistical discrepancy, but this is not done for intervening years. - The I-O tables introduce large revisions to the annual GDP series. - Statistical differences between GDP and I-O figures will be eliminated through a backcasting program. - Since the year 2001, differences have been taken into account in the GDP calculation of subsequent reference periods pending the production of the new I-O table. ### 3.5 Revision studies - Only ad hoc studies of specific activities are undertaken. - Planned action: BPS will construct a general system for undertaking studies for the revision of published GDP estimates. ### 4.2 Consistency - Quarterly estimates are fully consistent with annual figures. - Current and constant price figures are totally comparable. - For periods following the 2000 I-O tables, the statistical discrepancy has been shown separately in publications. - Policy: publish figures only from the last I-O year; revisions to earlier years are not available to users other than BI. - Acknowledged inconsistencies with BI in imports and exports and possible inconsistencies with the MoF for local government figures; these have not been investigated. - BPS is compiling a backcasting of the new GDP series (2000-based year) from 1990 to 1999; results to be published formally by 2006. - BPS performs reconciliation activities aimed at harmonizing import and export data used by BPS and BI. ### 4.3 Revision policy and practice - Established revision policy exists, is always kept and fully explained to users. - Preliminary data are clearly indicated in publications. - Results of ad hoc revision studies are not published. - Data status is changed based on incoming data. - System of data revision is not yet fully documented; as a result, revision study results cannot be published at this time. - Planned action: BPS will gradually develop and publish results of the ad hoc revision policy system. ### 5.1 Data accessibility - GDP figures are published in a clear manner with different levels of detail appropriate to specific publications. - An analysis of developments in the current period is provided. - Seasonally adjusted quarterly estimates are available but are not published to avoid misinterpretation by data users. - Advance release calendar is published. - Data are available to all users simultaneously via a press release and on the BPS website. - Additional breakdowns can be supplied if confidentiality rules are not breached. - Planned action: BPS plans to create special programs to educate data users in interpretation of seasonally adjusted series and will publish seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP data by the year 2007 after user education. ### Selected recommendations, implementation commitments, and timelines (as stated) - Update census lists of enterprises continuously; current capacity: continuously update medium- and large-scale manufacturing enterprises lists but not small-scale establishments. - Introduce comprehensive annual establishment surveys for nonfinancial services industries; BPS intends to gather data by introducing a new annual establishment survey and will resume collection through the quarterly establishment survey no later than the year 2006/2007. - Publish annual GDP estimates with a lengthy time series (e.g., 20 years); BPS has planned lengthy GDP series publications, including a special publication titled The 60 Years of Indonesian Independence. - Develop a set of annual SUTs starting from 2000; BPS will use the SUT framework in annual GDP compilation in the year 2007 to assure consistency with demand and supply approaches. - Expedite conversion to the 1993 SNA; BPS will gradually apply the 1993 SNA in the period 2005 to 2008 and expects full application by 2008. - Publish quarterly seasonally adjusted GDP data; BPS will publish quarterly seasonally adjusted GDP data by the year 2007, preceded by user education programs. ### Bank Indonesia (BI) comments and related implementation plans (selected) - BI considers the report a fair assessment of standards and codes implemented by BI for monetary and balance of payments statistics and recognizes the identified shortcomings as challenges. - Monetary statistics: most staff assessments indicate “observed”; further improvements are needed in some areas. - Balance of payments statistics: staff assessments mostly “observed” and “largely observed”; intensive work undertaken to improve quality and compilation in accordance with BPM5. - Mutual funds (REKSADANA): inclusion in monetary statistics planned; MoU between BI and DGFI issued mid-2005; data collection cooperation on finance companies began in 2005 and will be followed by insurance companies data (2006), pension funds data (2007), and mutual funds data (2007). - Online reporting system development for nonbank financial institutions to DGFI and BI via BI extranet server planned; mutual funds online reporting system initiation planned in 2007. - Interbank position inconsistencies acknowledged; BI eliminated interbank inconsistency in dissemination by using only BI data. - Financial accounts: plan to publish transactions in assets for 2004 in Q2, 2005; publication delayed due to lack of adequate source data and program changes from Infobeacon to Cognos. - Scope gaps identified (goods for processing, goods procured in ports by carriers, repairs on goods, computer services, oil and gas exploration, e-commerce, reinvested earnings, direct investment abroad); BI plans mid-2005 publications covering several items including goods for processing and DI abroad. - Classification/sectorization: reclassification of public enterprises will be made to align with BPM5. - Basis for recording: revisions on valuation of debt securities liabilities transactions derived from stock data have been made to exclude exchange rate changes. - Recording on accrual basis: ITRS records settlement, so services may not be recorded when rendered; represents best available data for coverage at present. - Source data: ITRS results satisfactory for banks but BI segment was not collected; attempts to include BI segment continue. - Statistical techniques: missing-data adjustments used for DI position data; shuttle trade study scheduled for 2006. - Consistency: substantial long-run magnitude of errors and omissions (E&Os); plans under BOP Blue Print 2004-2006 to finalize financial asset data in mid-2005 and incorporate into BOP starting Q1 2005. - Trade data revisions after 2004 online reporting reconstructed back to 2003; reconciliation with BPS depends on BPS collecting bonded zone imports data (BPS to start collecting this year). - BI plans and ongoing actions include studies of E&Os in cooperation with BPS and Customs, publication/enhancement of methodological documentation in IFS, construction of more detailed metadata in 2006, regular information campaigns to improve survey response rates, and a scheduled shuttle trade study in 2006. *Source: _cr05255 - 3.2 Assessment of* ### 06. However, a preliminary dis ### INDONESIA — Detailed Assessments Using the Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) (July 20, 2005) ### Prerequisites of quality - Legal and institutional environment - The Statistics Law of Indonesia No. 16 of 1997 (1997 Law) provides the legal foundation; Decree of the Director General of BPS No. 6 of 2000 gives BPS specific authority to publish the national accounts. - No challenge to BPS’s responsibility for compiling and disseminating the national accounts has occurred. - Data sharing and coordination - No regular program of discussions with data-supplying agencies; individual problems resolved through bilateral discussions. - A working group exists to resolve inconsistencies in foreign trade data between BPS and Bank Indonesia (BI). - Confidentiality and respondent protection - Article 21 of the 1997 Law requires respondents’ data to be kept confidential; penalties include up to five years’ imprisonment and a fine of no more than Rp100,000,000 (around US$10,500). - Aggregation rule: data will not be published if it relates to less than 10 individual respondents; review for indirect disclosure is performed prior to publication. - Legal mandate to report - Article 27 of the 1997 Law states all respondents must supply basic data on request; penalty for non-supply: imprisonment not exceeding 18 months and a fine of up to Rp25,000,000 (around US$2,650). - BPS prefers persuasion and reduces respondent burden by reviewing questionnaires; contact phone numbers are provided on questionnaires. - Resources - Total staff engaged on the national accounts program: 120. - Equipment and systems: PCs networked to central fileservers; compilation uses Excel and Oracle databases. - Security: PCs protected by passwords; onsite backups daily; offsite backup every three months. - No access to an emergency office complex. - Funding: budgetary process provides clear and timely information; funding adequate for current workload. - Efficiency and quality management - Formal annual performance process; regular work-process reviews; peer group reviews; separate division for consistency checks. - Planned survey on quality of statistics; a Statistics Community Forum meets around four times a year. Recommendations noted in this section: - Instigate a regular program of discussions with data supplying agencies. - Offsite back-ups of data should be made at least once a week. ### Assurances of integrity - Professionalism - 1997 Law established statistical independence of BPS; Director General appointed/dismissed by the President. - Recruitment and promotion based on ability and expertise; internal and international training encouraged; peer reviews and methodological publication encouraged. - Source and dissemination decisions - BPS free to choose data sources, methodologies, and timing of dissemination under the 1997 Law. - Commenting on misuse - BPS undertakes press conferences to explain data; contacts originators to correct misinterpretation. - Transparency - The 1997 Law is included on the BPS website; publications identify where additional information can be found. - There is no government access to statistics prior to public release. - Products are clearly identified as BPS; third-party uses must cite source. - Major methodological changes announced in advance; minor changes noted when introduced. - Ethical standards - No written guidance on ethical standards currently; staff regularly reminded of confidentiality and subject to government regulation 30/1980. Recommendation noted in this section: - All staff, including new recruits, should be given written guidance on ethical standards. ### Methodological soundness - Concepts and definitions - National accounts broadly in line with the 1968 System of National Accounts (1968 SNA); in process of updating to the 1993 SNA. - Scope - Published data: annual GDP (production and expenditure approaches) at current and constant prices; quarterly GDP (production and expenditure approaches) at current and constant prices. - Value added components at current prices produced only every five years in Input-Output (I-O) tables. - Annual supply and use tables (SUTS) are not produced; I-O tables produced every five years. - GDP figures cover whole economy except free zones are not included in imports (but included in production estimates). - Some 1993 SNA changes already implemented (own-account production, output of goods for own-account fixed capital formation, defense-related assets usable for civilian purposes, valuables); remaining 1993 SNA changes to be implemented in due course. - Classification and sectorization - 1968 SNA used to classify institutional units and transactions. - Industry and product classifications: ISIC Rev. 3 and CPC, with some country-specific changes. - COICOP used for household consumption; COFOG used for government expenditure. - Basis for recording - Valuation: market output at producer prices; output for own use at equivalent market prices; imports valued c.i.f. - Customs data available monthly in U.S. dollars and converted into rupiah using average midpoint exchange rates. - Recording: transactions and flows recorded on an accrual basis, except all government transactions are recorded on a cash basis; conversion of all government figures to accrual is not possible, but taxes and subsidies could potentially be converted by identifying average period between accrual and payment. - Grossing/netting: transactions between establishments within same enterprise are recorded on a gross basis. Recommendations noted in this section: - BPS should expedite the conversion to the 1993 SNA, including the publication of all the recommended accounts and tables. - BPS should include the free ports in the figures for imports. - BPS should investigate to see if the cash figures for taxes and subsidies could be converted onto an accrual basis. - Publish more detailed metadata; added explanation for BOP statistics is planned for the IFS and plans call for the construction in 23006 of more detailed metadata. *Prepared by the Statistics Department; Approved by William E. Alexander and David Burton; July 20, 2005 — INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND* ### 3. Accuracy and reliability ### 3. Accuracy and reliability ### Source data - Source data are obtained from comprehensive data collection programs that take into account country-specific conditions. - Enterprise censuses and surveys: - Census of large (100 or more employees) and medium (20 or more employees) sized enterprises in manufacturing. - No annual surveys of the nonfinancial service industries; crude estimates used (e.g., professional body counts × estimated average output). - Full economic census every 10 years; last in 1996. - Medium and large manufacturing establishments that cease activity are removed through annual censuses using enumerators. - Sample survey of small enterprises based on identification of all such enterprises in a specific block in each district; not truly representative of the total population. - Ad hoc surveys can be undertaken when required. - Household and government data: - National Economic Social Survey (NESS) collects consumption expenditures every three years; sample of enumeration areas → random sample of households. - NESS excludes higher-income households; survey undertaken in February; no diary used (food expenditure recalled for previous week; other items recalled over as much as a year); excludes institutional populations. - Central government data taken from the budget; BPS not aware of activity outside the budget. - Local government data obtained from a BPS survey: census for most levels; village councils sampled at 10 percent. - Price indices and periodicity: - Detailed breakdowns of CPI and PPI available as deflators; reference period for price indices is 2000 (consistent with GDP). - For production industries, a monthly production index is used for quarterly GDP estimates. - Data capture and quality control: - Changes to questionnaires are pilot-tested. - Data capture in regional offices; comprehensive computer checks minimize nonsampling errors. - Contacts with users and data suppliers maintained through the Statistics Community Forum. - Timeliness: - Source data can be late; BPS has a policy of not imposing deadlines on questionnaires. ### Assessment of source data - Coverage and classification: - Source data reasonably approximate definitions, scope, classifications, valuation, and time of recording required. - Coverage of total economic activities generally good, but known weaknesses in informal activities coverage. - For the I-O tables, considerable increases are required to supply figures for rice milling, livestock slaughtering, and illegal tree felling. - Some inconsistencies exist between NESS and CPI classifications. - Revisions and error assessment: - Most data collected through censuses or nonrandom samples — sampling errors generally not relevant, except for NESS where sampling errors are available. - Identified nonsampling errors and survey operations information are available. - Source data values are generally not revised; revisions from late reporting incorporated over a two-year cycle and again every five years with I-O tables. - Computer programs perform consistency checks; BPS has no way to check accuracy of central government data. - Differences between BPS and BI data on overseas trade are known and monitored. ### Statistical techniques - Compilation and imputation: - Computer programs ensure no processing errors; no adjustments to unit records without respondent checks. - Imputations for nonresponse use last actual report extrapolated forward using growth in related establishments; data compared with similar businesses. - Use of censuses, LFS, and extrapolation: - Economic census every 10 years designed to pick up informal businesses but known gaps for rice milling and livestock slaughtering. - Current method asks households about informal activity; suggestion to have enumerators list informal activities observed in streets. - Labor Force Survey (LFS) could be used to identify informal activities; LFS runs annually vs census every 10 years. - Output and intermediate consumption compiled at three-digit ISIC; extensive extrapolation from five-yearly I-O tables applied to around 40 percent of value added. - Estimates for imputed rent based on building-up costs using NESS data. - Work-in-progress recorded for all activities except agriculture. - Output for agriculture and production industries based on value of production; trade and other services also based on production rather than sales. - Consumption of fixed capital and government accruals: - Consumption of fixed capital only estimated for government by taking 20 percent of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). - No adjustments made to convert government figures from cash to accruals. - Deflation and constant price methods: - Main method for constant price estimates: deflate value added using appropriate components of the PPI. - Other method: apply quantity indicators (production index, employment) to base-year value added. - Recommendation: better to deflate output and intermediate consumption separately; deflate intermediate consumption by input PPIs with weights from base-year I-O tables. - Trade margins at constant prices obtained by deflation with CPI; recommendation to apply base-year margin rates to constant price values for output and imports. - Current base year is 2000; BPS plans updates every five years. - Inventories, HFC, GFCF, and external trade deflation: - Until annual expenditure figures for 2003 were published, changes in inventories were derived by residual; now estimated and published for all years from 2000. - BPS investigated bookkeeping procedures; FIFO most popular; BPS using appropriate methodology for stock appreciation. - HFC and GFC not classified using COICOP and COFOG at source; BPS converts to those classifications only at the one-digit level. - HFC deflated with appropriate CPI components; GFC cost components deflated with WPI components; employment used for wages and salaries. - GFCF and changes in inventories compiled by industry and by type of asset/inventory. - Changes in inventories currently deflated by WPI components; recommended alternative: deflate opening and closing levels with period-appropriate price indices and separately deflate valuation adjustment. - Imports and exports deflation: BPS tried unit values without reliable results; used base-year value deflated by index of the U.S. dollar/rupiah exchange rate (method has no conceptual basis). - Recommended: construct import price index using price movements of Indonesia’s main trading partners weighted by base-year import values; for exports use appropriate components of CPI and PPI. - Seasonal adjustment and quarterly-to-annual consistency: - When quarterly figures are adjusted to be consistent with annual totals, BPS uses the Denton technique. - Seasonally unadjusted estimates compiled and then seasonally adjusted using X–12 technique. - Seasonally adjusted figures are not published. ### Assessment and validation of intermediate data and statistical outputs - Validation and reconciliation: - Intermediate results validated against other information where applicable (e.g., trade data checked against balance of payments by BI). - BPS was not aware that the Ministry of Finance (MoF) compiles estimates for local government that should be checked against BPS survey data. - Differences between BPS trade data and balance of payments remain unresolved. - Statistical discrepancy handling: - Every five years BPS produces I-O tables to remove the statistical discrepancy; previously the discrepancy for other years was included with changes in inventories in expenditure figures. - Since publication of Q1 2004, the statistical discrepancy has been shown separately and is available back to 2000. - I-O tables are balanced (rather than SUTS); balancing adjustments in 2000 I-O tables were allocated to the corresponding industry and increased total GDP by about nine percent; applied to subsequent years. - Figures for 1996–1999 adjusted using the Denton technique with 1995 and 2000 fixed. - In the 1995 tables adjustments amounted to an increase of 17 percent but were not allocated to the annual GDP figures to avoid changing the then base year of 1993. - Recommendation: produce balanced SUTS (supply and use tables) for intervening years, at least back to 2000, to remove statistical discrepancy; alternative: make HFC the residual for balancing SUTS, using available changes in inventories to remove the discrepancy. - Validation practices: - Balanced SUTS would require moving secondary activity in each column back to originating industry; later-year SUTS could use previous-year structures and then be balanced. ### Revision studies - Formal revision analysis: - There have never been any formal revision studies of the national accounts. - Ad hoc studies of specific activities have been undertaken and their results used to inform estimates. - Recommendation: - Undertake a study of revisions to the published GDP estimates and evaluate the results. ### Key statistics and timelines - Census periodicity: every 10 years; last in 1996. - NESS periodicity: every three years; undertaken in February. - Base year for price indices and GDP: 2000. - Changes in inventories published for all years from 2000. - HFC accounts for nearly 70 percent of GDP. - Adjustments from 2000 I-O tables increased total GDP by about nine percent. - 1995 I-O table adjustments amounted to an increase of 17 percent (not implemented in annual series). - Quarterly GDP estimates published 45 days after the end of the quarter (SDDS recommends three months). ### Recommendations (as listed in the source) - Introduce comprehensive annual establishment surveys for the nonfinancial services industries. - Update census lists of enterprises continuously with registration of new enterprises and exclusion of nonoperating enterprises. - Introduce an annual establishment sample survey for small enterprises that is fully representative for each industry. - Bring the NESS into line with best international practice. - Bring all classifications into line with international standards to avoid inconsistencies. - Investigate if the LFS would give reliable estimates for informal activities. - Investigate the availability of stocks of fixed assets for, at least, the government, with the aim of deriving consumption of fixed capital using the perpetual inventory method. - Derive value added at constant prices by deflating output and intermediate consumption separately. - Calculate trade margins at constant prices by applying base-year rates to constant price values for output and imports. - Until improvements are made to the NESS, consider deriving HFC by residual. - Introduce a more acceptable methodology for the deflation of imports and exports. - Regularly check the data for the local government with that produced by the MoF. - Allocate the revised GDP figures for 1995 from the I-O tables to the annual series and make appropriate changes to the other years. - Develop a set of annual SUTS starting from 2000. - Undertake a study of revisions to the published GDP estimates and evaluate the results. *Source: _cr05255 - 3. Accuracy and reliability* ### 4.2 Consistency ### 4.2 Consistency ### 4.2.1 Internal consistency within the dataset - A separate series for the statistical discrepancy is now compiled. - The statistical discrepancy is quite small, less than 1.5 percent of total GDP. - Constant price figures are fully consistent with equivalent current price values. - Quarterly estimates add up to their annual versions. - Supply and use tables are not compiled to address discrepancies between GDP estimates by the production and expenditure approaches (see Section 3.4.3). ### 4.2.2 Consistency over time - BPS policy: publish data only from the last benchmark year; only figures from 2000 have been included in recent publications. - Figures for 1996 to 1999 were revised to be consistent with the new 2000 figures but have not been published; these revised figures were produced only for internal use and to satisfy a request from BI. - There is a strong possibility that other users will need longer time series. - Breaks in time series are explained in publications where relevant; unusual changes are explained in supporting notes. ### 4.2.3 Consistency with other data sources or frameworks - Data for imports and exports differ from those in the balance of payments produced by BI. - The Ministry of Finance (MoF) also produces local government data, but no reconciliation has yet been undertaken. - Other relevant statistics are fully consistent. --- ### 4.3 Revision policy and practice ### 4.3.1 Regularity and transparency of revisions - Two sets of annual figures are published before they become final; they can also be changed when the next set of I-O tables are produced. - Quarterly figures follow the same pattern; quarters of the latest year are all subject to revision. - The revision cycle is fully explained in publications. - Revisions are not made outside this cycle. ### 4.3.2 Identification of preliminary and revised data - In publications, the latest year’s figures are marked as "very preliminary" and when published in the second year they are shown as "preliminary." ### 4.3.3 Revision studies - Only ad hoc revision studies are undertaken and these are not published. Recommendations (from section 4.3): - The annual publication should include a lengthy time series (e.g., 20 years). - Inconsistencies with other data-producing agencies should be removed. - When revision studies are undertaken, the results should be published. --- ### 5 Accessibility ### 5.1 Data accessibility - GDP figures are published clearly with charts and tables and with different levels of detail as appropriate. - Analysis of current period developments is included in publications. - Reasonably detailed breakdowns are published, but seasonally adjusted quarterly estimates are not given publicly, even though they are available. - GDP figures are disseminated in various forms, including press releases, and are available on BPS website. - A preliminary release calendar for the year is published in the previous October, giving approximate dates; actual dates are given a week ahead via the SDDS metadata. - Data are always released at 1:30 pm on the release day. - Data are made available to all users at the same time via a press release and on BPS website; a press conference takes place at release time. - Additional breakdowns can be supplied on request if confidentiality is not breached; these are available free of charge and information is included in the catalog of publications. Recommendations (from section 5.1): - Publish the seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP figures. - Ensure that the advance release calendar (ARC), containing actual publication dates, is made known to all domestic users of statistics. ### 5.2 Metadata accessibility - A comprehensive methodological guide is included in the annual publication, in Indonesian and English; this information is also on BPS website. - BPS updates the SDDS metadata as soon as a change occurs. - Different levels of metadata are produced to meet the needs of intended audiences. ### 5.3 Assistance to users - All statistical releases contain the relevant contact person—name, address, phone number and email address. - Assistance to users is monitored only if instigated through the website. - A catalog in Indonesian is published every year; details in Indonesian and English are also given on BPS website and kept up-to-date. Prices and ordering details are provided. --- ### Table 1 — Data Quality Assessment Framework: Summary observations (selected) - Methodological basis: 1968 SNA is used, but some 1993 SNA changes have been introduced. - Basis for recording: All government data are on a cash basis. - Source data: Poor coverage of nonfinancial services and household consumption. - Statistical techniques: Extensive use of five-yearly I-O tables; poor coverage of some informal activities; volume estimates could be better. - Assessment and validation: Statistical discrepancy only removed in I-O years; I-O process introduces large revisions to GDP. - Revision studies: Only ad hoc studies for specific activities; not published. - Consistency (serviceability): Only short time series are published. There are inconsistencies with balance of payments data for exports and imports. - Accessibility: Available seasonally adjusted figures are not published; the ARC, incorporating actual publication dates, is only available in SDDS metadata. - Integrity/Professionalism: No written guidance for staff on ethical standards; no laws or formal arrangements guaranteeing professional independence of GFS compilers. --- ### Government Finance Statistics (selected findings and recommendations) ### Prerequisites and institutional arrangements - Law 33/2004 requires MoF to provide a national government finance information system and disseminate GFS. - Working arrangements for data collection and processing are set out in Law 17/2003, Government Regulation No. 11/2001 (Article 2), and MoF Decree 302/2004. - Two MoF subdirectorates: state budget consolidation (central government GFS and consolidation) and local finance information (local government fiscal data). - Regular meetings between MoF and BI staff are held to reconcile and share data. - Law 17/2003 requires all local governments to adopt a standard accounting format by 2006. ### Resources and quality management - Staff resources are adequate for current limited production, but staff have other duties; additional staff likely required to address ROSC issues. - Only two members of the state budget consolidation subdirectorate and one member of local finance information have attended the GFSM 2001 course in Washington. - Computer resources are insufficient in the state budget consolidation subdirectorate (insufficient number of computers; no specialized software). The local finance information subdirectorate has more resources and a specialized application. - No specific funding arrangements for statistical work; funding position insecure. - Performance reviews are conducted annually; no cost-benefit analyses applied to statistical processes. ### Data relevance and procedures - Relevance assessment is based on user feedback; no proactive procedures to assess usefulness or identify new data requirements. - Processes to plan and manage transition to GFSM 2001 have been developed. - Trade-offs between timeliness and accuracy are implicitly taken into account for central government preliminary vs. audited data; preliminary data are not compiled for local government. Recommendations (MoF GFS): - Provide staff dedicated to the compilation and dissemination of GFS in the subdirectorates of state budget consolidation and local government finance information. - Develop procedures to obtain timely preliminary fiscal data from provincial and local governments. - Develop computer applications to allow automatic generation of GFS tabulations and reports from budget data. - Set up regular liaison arrangements with users of GFS to obtain feedback on the relevance of GFS, additional requirements, and users’ perceptions of data quality. ### Integrity and dissemination - No laws or formal arrangements guarantee professional independence of GFS compilers, though no evidence of political interference in practice. - MoF staff are encouraged to publish research and participate in seminars. - Administrative sources used are appropriate and content and format of statistics are based on IMF standards (local government in transition). - MoF provides commentary in press releases and can respond via the Public Relations Bureau to correct misinterpretation or misuse of GFS. *Source: _cr05255 - 4.2 Consistency (IMF ROSC chapter provided in the supplied content).* ### 1.2 Transparency ### 1.2 Transparency ### Transparency of terms, internal access, and product identification - The terms and conditions under which GFS are compiled and disseminated are imbedded in various laws and by-laws, and the internal administrative rules of the MoF and MOHA. - No information (apart from the laws themselves) on the terms and conditions applying to GFS is made public. - The government has internal access to statistics prior to their release to the public, but no information concerning this access is made public. - The MoF is clearly identified as the source of GFS on the websites and in press releases. - MoF statistics used in other publications are sometimes attributed to the MoF, but the MoF does not insist that this should always be done. - Advance notice of major changes to methodology or sources is given to the public by way of press releases and conferences, and in budget documentation. - Recommendation: - Publish information about the terms and conditions under which GFS are compiled and disseminated on the MoF websites, including information about preferential access to the GFS by the government. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* --- ### 1.3 Ethical standards ### Staff conduct and legal framework - All civil servants are subject to the application of general ethical standards as set out in Government Regulation 30/1980. - These standards are an important part of both initial and ongoing staff training. - MoF staff are subject to the provisions of the Statistical Law to the extent that it is relevant to their work. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* --- ### 2. Methodological soundness ### Concepts and definitions - Indonesian GFS is in a period of transition. - Central government GFS are currently on the GFSM 1986 basis, except that privatization transactions are classified as financing transactions in line with GFSM 2001. - Local government GFS are not yet based on international concepts and definitions. - Local government accounts for approximately 40 percent of general government expenditure. - Law 17/2003 mandates that all Indonesian governments move to an accrual accounting basis, consistent with GFSM 2001, by 2008. This transition is being carried out in stages. - Changes to the accounting classification systems will be followed by the adoption of an accrual basis of recording, and the development of full balance sheets using current market (fair value) valuation. - In the meantime, it is difficult to compile anything more than basic aggregates on the basis of GFSM 1986 for the general government sector. ### Scope - Indonesian GFS cover the central and local government budget sectors. - No extrabudgetary agencies are covered in the statistics, and there are no estimates of the magnitude of their operations. - The MoF does not have a register of all central government units, or potential central government units. - Government corporations are required to carry out public service obligations (quasi-fiscal activity); some quasi-fiscal activity may not be captured in GFS. - Some additional details (e.g., taxes, expenditure) are available for central government, but the full range of GFSM 2001 supporting tabulations is not available. - Detailed tabulations supporting the basic aggregates are not available for the local government sector. ### Classification/sectorization - Institutional sectors and subsectors are not explicitly defined in Indonesian GFS; GFS is implicitly based on administrative categories. - New accounting regulations (based on Law 17/2003) for the central government budget sector, including a revised chart of accounts, came into effect in 2005. - The new chart of accounts includes a functional classification based on GFSM 2001 COFOG and an economic type classification generally consistent with GFSM 2001. - Law 17/2003 requires all local governments to adopt a standard accounting format by 2006; most, but not all, local governments have adopted the new accounting standards. ### Basis for recording - Foreign debt is valued at current market value, but domestic debt is valued at face value. - Stocks of nonfinancial assets are valued on a historical cost basis. - A move to an accrual accounting basis is mandated by Law 17/2003 by 2008, implying adoption of a current market (or fair value) valuation basis for all assets and liabilities. - Recording is currently done on a cash basis. - All transactions are shown gross, except for financing and corrective transactions; corrective transactions are shown in the period in which payments are made, rather than when the original transactions are recorded. - Recommendations: - Implement new Government Accounting Standards. - Strengthen the management system in place by tracking effectively changes in government cash balances. - Move gradually to an accrual accounting system. - Set up a register of all public sector units, classified by institutional sector. - Extend coverage of GFS to the whole of the general government sector. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* --- ### 3. Accuracy and reliability ### Source data: coverage, valuation, and timeliness - GFS are compiled from comprehensive central and local government administrative (budget) data. - Supplementary financing data are obtained from BI for quality assurance purposes. - No data are obtained for general government activity outside the budget processes; a register of general government units is not available. - Source data for central government budget sector, and most local government budget sectors, approximate required classifications; a significant number of local governments still use incompatible classifications. - Source data are on a cash basis of recording, and use historical valuation for nonfinancial assets, which are not consistent with GFSM 2001. - GFS compilers are aware of differences between actual and required valuation and time of recording but are not able to adjust the data. - Central government preliminary data are available within two weeks after the reference period; final audited data are produced approximately six months after the reference period. - Local government budget data are not timely enough to meet GFS requirements; first data are not available until approximately six months after the reference period. ### Assessment and validation practices - Central government source data are analyzed quarterly; regular quarterly meetings discuss source data quality issues. - No routine assessment of source data for local governments; validation when data are entered and assessments when problems identified. - Regular quarterly meetings are held between the MoF and BI for central government data; similar meetings are not held for local government data. - For central government budget data, a year-on-year comparison is made to highlight unusual trends; no statistical techniques are used to check local government data. - Compilation procedures are not documented for either central or local government processing. - Bridge tables have been constructed to map central government budget items to GFS economic-type codes; no bridge tables exist for local government data. ### Reconciling and checking - Discrepancies between MoF central government financing data and BI monetary and balance of payments statistics are investigated, but MoF domestic financing and monetary data have not been reconciled; reasons for discrepancy not identified. - Bilateral reconciliations of grants and loans from international organizations are carried out via the aid pledge forum. - Other data on external public debt stocks and related flows are not checked against creditor information. - Data are checked to ensure they are within expected ranges (based on time-series analysis); outliers are investigated. - Substantial discrepancies occur on a monthly and quarterly basis between the deficit (calculated as the difference between the revenue and expenditure aggregates) and financing; these discrepancies are much less for annual data and the cause has not been determined. - No checks are carried out to assess the reasonableness of stock (debt) and flow (financing) data. ### Revisions and revision studies - Revised data are not archived electronically and cannot be retrieved easily for revision studies. - No regular revision studies are carried out, except in the context of MoF/BI reconciliation; revisions can be investigated if users raise queries. - The results of the reconciliation between MoF financing and BI monetary data are used to inform the reconciliation process through the development of “statistical discrepancy guidelines.” - Recommendations: - Document compilation procedures. - Develop bridge tables for provincial and local governments. - Carry out checks on the reasonableness of provincial and local government source data. - Ensure consistency between deficit (net lending/borrowing) and financing transactions, and between stocks and flows. - Carry out routine revision analyses, and post the results on the MoF websites. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* --- ### 4. Serviceability ### Periodicity and timeliness - The periodicity of GFS meets, or exceeds, SDDS standards. - Central government operations aggregates are disseminated monthly, quarterly, and annually (SDDS recommendation: quarterly and annual central government aggregates). - Central government debt statistics are disseminated quarterly. - General government operations data are disseminated annually. - Timeliness meets SDDS standards, except for general government operation statistics: - Monthly and quarterly central government operations data (revenue, expenditure, and financing) are disseminated within one month after the end of the reference period. (SDDS recommendation: quarterly central government aggregates within one quarter after the end of the reference period.) - Annual general government operations data are disseminated more than nine months after the end of the reference period—flexibility option has been taken. (SDDS recommendation: comprehensive annual general government data within 6–9 months after the end of the reference period.) - Central government debt data are disseminated within one quarter of the reference period. (SDDS recommendation: annual central government debt data within one to two quarters after the end of the reference period.) ### Consistency - The same concepts and classifications are used for monthly, quarterly, and annual statistics. Subannual data add to annual data (for final annual, after benchmarking). - On an annual basis, the cash deficit/surplus is approximately equal to financing (with an opposite sign) and major aggregates are equal to the sum of their components. - Significant discrepancies occur between the cash deficit/surplus and financing in monthly and quarterly data. - No reconciliation is carried out between stock and flow data. - A major data change was introduced in 2000 (including changes in account structure and fiscal year shift), and it is not possible to obtain consistent time-series data for periods before 2001. - Changes affecting central government data are explained and documented in a financial note and in the draft budget of 2000. - GFS foreign financing and debt statistics are consistent with BI external monetary and balance of payments data; GFS domestic financing statistics are not consistent with BI domestic monetary data. - No reconciliation is carried out between GFS and the national accounts produced by BPS. BPS uses central government GFS as the main data source for that subsector, but collects local government data through a survey independent of the MoF. ### Revision policy and practice - The preliminary-to-final revision cycle is predictable and stable, with preliminary central government data being replaced by final audited data on around August 15/16 each year. - Preliminary and revised data are explicitly identified in table headings—all data not identified as preliminary are final. - To date, final data have not been revised. - No analyses of revisions are produced. - Recommendations: - Collect and compile data for material (significant) extrabudgetary units. - Disseminate GFS for the general government sector and its subsectors within six months after the reference period. - Periodically reconcile: - GFS financing and BI monetary data; - GFS and BPS national accounts data for the general government sector. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* --- ### 5. Accessibility ### Data presentation, dissemination, and user access - GFS are disseminated primarily through the MoF websites (www.depkeu.go.id [central government] and www.djpkpd.go.id [local government]) supplemented by press releases, budget documentation, and special data services. - Central government GFS are disseminated according to GFSM 1986 recommendations but do not provide the equivalent coverage, or detail, to that set out in the GFSM 1986. - Local government GFS are disseminated in nonstandard formats, and little detail is provided. - Additional information is included on the central government website by way of a PDF version of the monthly MoF statistical bulletin; this does not provide data in as accessible form as would publishing GFS supplementary tables. - Although there is no preannounced release schedule for the release of GFS, it is a well-established practice that GFS are disseminated about one month after the end of the reference month. - GFS are made available to official users before they are released to the public. - More comprehensive or detailed statistics than those published on the MoF website can be obtained by application to the MoF; availability is at the discretion of MoF management and depends on work pressure. The availability of additional detail is not publicized. *Source: _cr05255 - 1.2 Transparency* ### 5.2 Metadata accessibility ### 5.2 Metadata accessibility ### Documentation on concepts, scope, classifications, basis of recording, data sources, and statistical techniques - There is no published document which describes the concepts and methodology of GFS in Indonesia. - A limited amount of information on concepts and methods is included in the Indonesian GFS SDDS metadata. - Table 2 assessment comment: "There is no published documentation which describes the concepts and methodology of GFS in Indonesia, apart from material included on the SDDS website." ### Levels of detail and audience adaptation - Only summary information on GFS concepts and methodology is available. ### Accessibility findings (from related assessment entries) - GFS are not provided according to standard GFS formats and levels of detail. - GFS are made available to official users before they are released to the public. - The availability of additional data is not advertised. - No information on the terms and conditions under which GFS are compiled and disseminated is made public. - Internal government access to GFS prior to their release is not made public. - There are no laws or other formal arrangements to support the professional independence of GFS compilers. ### Assistance to users (Section 5.3) - Liaison officers or contact points are included in the websites and MoF press releases; these contact details enable users to contact knowledgeable GFS staff. - GFS publications can be obtained from the MoF websites or by direct application to the MoF, and these services are provided free of charge. ### Identified shortcomings (from Data Quality Assessment Framework comments) - Central government is on GFSM1986 basis; local government uses nonstandard classifications and a nonstandard basis. - Recording is on a cash basis; historical prices are used to value nonfinancial assets. - GFS cover only budget transactions; no data are obtained for government activity outside the budget process. - Local government data can be supplied under differing accounting formats, complicating processing by the MoF. - Local government data are not routinely assessed; no statistical techniques are used to assess local government data; local government bridge tables have not yet been developed. - Discrepancies between the deficit and financing are not resolved; changes in stock (debt) and flow data are not compared. - Regular revision studies are not carried out. - General government operations data do not meet SDDS standards for timeliness. - A consistent time series is available only from 2001. - Substantial discrepancies remain between domestic financing and monetary data, and between monthly and quarterly deficit and financing data. - GFS compilers lack a user perspective; there are no processes in place to monitor user needs or to advertise availability of additional data. ### Recommendations (as listed in the source) - Disseminate GFSM 2001 operating statement, statement of sources and uses of cash, and (partial) balance sheet on the MoF websites. - Publish additional detailed tabulations for revenue, expense, acquisition and disposal of nonfinancial assets, and financing, on the MoF websites. - Disseminate summary metadata on the MoF websites. - Publish information about the availability of unpublished data from the MoF. *Source: _cr05255 - 5.2 Metadata accessibility* ### 1. Assurances of integrity ### 1. Assurances of integrity ### Professionalism - Legal and institutional independence: - Republic of Indonesia Act No. 23 (May 17, 1999), Article 4 emphasizes the independence of BI by prohibiting interference from others, including government agencies. - Staff recruitment, training, and dissemination: - Recruiting and promoting staff is primarily merit-based and takes into account professional and educational qualifications. - All new staff are given opportunities to attend relevant statistical courses and to participate in international and regional seminars, courses, and workshops; BI also organizes internal activities and grants time off for participation. - Research papers prepared by staff are published in BI’s bulletins and made available through its library. - Data production and dissemination: - Source data for monetary statistics are collected from financial reports submitted by commercial banks and rural banks within BI’s reporting system aligned with MFSM requirements; BI supplements balance sheet data with administrative records. - Decisions to disseminate monetary statistics are based solely on statistical considerations and their timing is based on the ARC included in the SDDS metadata. - Public commentary on misuse: - The Public Relations Bureau in BI’s Directorate of Strategic Planning and Public Relations comments on erroneous interpretation and misuse of monetary statistics in the media; such commentary has been few because the media usually confirms statistics with BI before publishing. ### Transparency - Public availability of terms and conditions: - BI’s website (www.bi.go.id) publicizes the terms and conditions under which monetary statistics are collected, processed, and disseminated. - The website states BI is the sole institution authorized to compile and disseminate monetary statistics and notes that presented statistics may be interim and open to subsequent revisions. - The Public Relations Bureau issues weekly press releases to inform the public of compilation terms and conditions. - Pre-release governmental access: - No internal governmental access to statistics prior to their release exists. - Product identification: - BI’s statistical publications identify BI as the source with its name, address, logo, and insignia. - No joint publication with another agency exists for monetary statistics; when other agencies use BI statistics, BI requests acknowledgement as the source. - Advance notice of methodological changes: - BI provides advanced notice to users of major changes in methodology, source data, and statistical techniques and revises metadata accordingly. ### Ethical standards - Staff conduct guidelines: - Board of Governors of BI Regulation No. 3/9/PDG/2001 provides working guidelines for staff behavior, published in a pocket-size book. - The Monetary Statistics Division has a Job Manual with behavior guidelines specific to monetary statistics staff. - Staff behavior is reviewed as part of BI’s annual performance review. ### Methodological soundness - Concepts and definitions: - BI revised its monetary statistics to bring them broadly in line with the MFSM methodology following IMF STA technical assistance; BI keeps deviations under review in consultation with STA. - Scope and institutional coverage: - MFSM requires inclusion of all resident depository corporations: BI, commercial banks, rural banks, and REKSA DANA that issue deposit-like liabilities. - As of January 2005, BI’s Depository Corporations Survey covers BI, 132 resident commercial banks, and some 9000 rural banks—which together account for 95 percent of the total deposit collection. - Depository corporations are included with domestic headquarters and domestic branches; no deviations from this institutional coverage exist. - Mutual funds are not included because they report to BAPEPAM in the MoF in a format that does not meet statistical needs; BAPEPAM provides mutual funds data informally but data-sharing arrangements are not institutionalized. Monetary Statistics Division has commenced a project to expand coverage to include mutual funds. - Classification/sectorization: - BI’s classification scheme aligns with MFSM; financial instruments are classified by liquidity: Monetary gold and SDRs; Currency and deposits; Securities other than shares; Loans; Shares and other equity; Insurance technical reserves; Financial derivatives; Other accounts receivable/payable. - Sectorization follows BPM5 residency criterion; resident units grouped into: Financial corporations (central bank, other depository corporations, other financial corporations); Nonfinancial corporations (public nonfinancial corporations, other nonfinancial corporations); General government (central government, state and local government); Households; Nonprofit institutions serving households. - Repurchase agreements (repos) and gold swaps involving an exchange of monetary gold for cash are treated as collateralized loans. - Valuation and recording: - Market valuation principle applied: securities valued at market or “fair prices”; loans valued at current book values without adjustment for expected losses; foreign currency positions converted at market exchange rate on reference date. - Commercial banks instructed by FSAF to use the Reuters midpoint closing rate at the end of the period (month) at 4:00 p.m. - BI’s monetary gold and SDR holdings are valued at market prices/market exchange rates. - Valuation adjustments (including holding gains and losses) are presented in valuation changes and captured in monthly commercial bank report forms. - Recording is on an accrual basis; interest accrues continuously and overdue interest is included in obligations; adjustments made where parties record the same transaction on different dates. No deviations from accrual accounting exist. - Gross reporting is used for source data; some analytical aggregates in the Depository Corporations Survey are presented as net (Net Foreign Assets, Net Claims on Central Government, and other net items) while underlying data are shown gross. The survey cancels out intra-depository corporations transactions while preserving claims on other subsectors, other domestic sectors, and nonresidents. No deviations from international standards exist. ### Accuracy and reliability - Source data registers and reporting: - BI maintains a comprehensive and current register of institutional units in the financial sector, updated for entries, liquidations, and mergers. - BI is developing data-sharing arrangements with the MoF to access registers and data on mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, and finance companies. - Commercial banks and rural banks report using BI-designed report forms. The commercial bank report form introduced January 1972 has been revised 11 times; the rural banks’ report form has not been revised since its introduction in August 1995. - REKSA DANA that issue deposit-like liabilities report to BAPEPAM using BAPEPAM-designed forms that do not meet BI statistical requirements; therefore BAPEPAM’s source data are not used and mutual funds are excluded from the Depository Corporations Survey. - Timeliness of source data: - BI compiles balance sheet data for internal use daily with a lag of one day and for external use weekly with a lag of about five days. - Commercial banks report finalized monthly data to BI with a 21-day lag from the end of the reference month. - Rural banks report monthly with a three-month lag; rural banks are incorporated into the survey on the basis of the latest reported data and revised when actual reference-month data become available. - Timeliness is enforced via rigorous follow-up procedures including respondent calls and legal penalties. - Assessment, validation, and discrepancy handling: - BI monitors reported data accuracy via internal consistency (formal cross-checks) and plausibility checks; follow-up calls are made for inconsistent or implausible figures. - Monetary Statistics Division consults with BI’s Directorate of Bank Supervision and other departments as needed; financial press, research papers, and periodic meetings with supervisors and market participants are used to identify relevant developments. - BI uses alternative sources to validate data (example: Scriptless Security Settlement System jointly developed by BI and the MoF to cross-check central government bond holdings). - In January 2005, BI conducted a survey of consumption credit by the 20 largest banks to cross-check aggregate credit data. - Monthly meetings are held with Foreign Exchange, Research, and Monetary Management Departments to validate information for monetary statistics. - Discrepancies identified: - Differences exist between BI’s and commercial banks’ reported data for (1) commercial banks’ deposits with BI and (2) commercial banks’ holdings of BI securities. - No discrepancy exists between BI’s data on its claims on commercial banks and commercial banks’ data on liabilities to BI. - On BI securities, differences arise because commercial banks engage in secondary market sales; no reconciliation is attempted with financial transactions data since such transactions are not reported. - BI investigates classification/sectorization errors or omissions as possible sources of fluctuations or discrepancies. - BI currently presents monetary statistics only in stock terms and seeks to reconcile implied flows with balance of payments flows. *Source: _cr05255 - 1. Assurances of integrity* ### 3.5 Revision studies ### 3.5 Revision studies ### Revision studies and findings - The Monetary Statistics Division prepared the first revision study in March 2005; so far, only one revision study has been prepared. - The revision study has not been published. - Revisions to monetary data are due exclusively to the incorporation of rural banks in the Depository Corporations’ Survey and tend to be very small because rural banks’ contribution to overall financial activity is very small. - Monetary statistics are compiled from accounting data collected only in stock terms; no attempt is made to identify and reconcile stock data with flow data within the same monetary dataset. ### Treatment of provisional source data and timing of revisions - Monetary statistics based on provisional source data are revised when final source data become available. - The principal case of provisional data being used initially and revised later is the incorporation of rural banks into the Depository Corporations’ Survey. - Rural banks’ data reporting lag: "three months". - Commercial banks’ data reporting lag: "21 days". - Rural banks are incorporated on the basis of the latest reported data and these are revised after the actual data for the reference month become available. - The schedule for, and the causes of, this revision are documented in the February 2005 issue of BI’s Indonesian Financial Statistics, where the monetary data with coverage revised to include rural banks was published for the first time. ### Serviceability — periodicity and timeliness - Central Bank’s Survey periodicity: "weekly" (compared to the monthly periodicity required under the SDDS). - Other Depository Corporations’ Survey periodicity (commercial banks and rural banks): "monthly" (compared to the monthly periodicity required under the SDDS). - Central Bank’s Survey timeliness: disseminated within "two weeks" after the end of the reference month (compared to the two-week lag allowed under the SDDS). - Other Depository Corporations’ Survey timeliness: disseminated within "four weeks" (compared to the one-month lag allowed under the SDDS). ### Consistency — internal, over time, and with other frameworks - BI’s published interbank positions are consistent between BI’s accounts and commercial banks’ accounts as published; however, comparisons with source (reported) commercial bank data show discrepancies in some interbank components (commercial banks’ deposits with BI and their holdings of BI securities). - BI substitutes its data for commercial banks’ data to ensure consistency in published interbank positions. - Positions between depository corporations (BI, commercial banks, rural banks) and other (nondepository) financial corporations cannot be reconciled because BI does not collect, nor have access to, data on most other financial corporations; data on other financial corporations are collected by the MoF. - BI has arrangements for accessing finance companies data, but not yet for insurance companies and pension funds data. - Monetary aggregates are largely consistent or reconcilable with monetary instruments held by money-holding sectors in the flow of funds accounts; credit aggregates are largely consistent or reconcilable with debt aggregates in the flow of funds accounts. - Net foreign assets in monetary statistics differ somewhat from the balance of payments measure due to different exchange rates used for valuation: monetary statistics use end-of-period exchange rates, balance of payments use transaction-time exchange rates. - When changes in source data, methodology, or techniques are introduced, historical series are reconstructed as far back as reasonably possible. Example: monetary data series were revised month-by-month from June 2004 when an integrated monetary database was developed; revised monetary data were first published in the February 2005 issue of BI’s Indonesian Financial Statistics accompanied by metadata explaining key methodological changes. ### Revision policy, identification, and transparency - Revisions follow a regular and transparent schedule; rural-bank-related revisions follow the documented schedule in the February 2005 Indonesian Financial Statistics. - At dissemination, users are informed of preliminary and revised nature of monetary data; preliminary data are indicated by an asterisk in BI’s Indonesian Financial Statistics. - Studies and analyses of revisions are made public where appropriate; however, the single revision study prepared in March 2005 has not been published because the revisions were very small. ### Accessibility of data and metadata - Monetary statistics are disseminated with various levels of detail or disaggregation (credit and deposit data by groups of banks, groups of borrowers/holders, economic sectors, and geographic regions). - BI does not provide diagrammatic representations (charts), does not disseminate estimated monetary data, and does not make seasonal adjustments to monetary data. - Dissemination media and formats include hard copy and electronic formats: weekly press releases, BI’s Indonesian Financial Statistics, and BI’s website (www.bi.go.id). - More comprehensive/detailed statistics and longer series are accessible via the BI website and an electronic database maintained by BI. - An ARC providing release dates is published on the SDDS website; BI and SDDS websites are hyperlinked and monetary statistics are released according to this schedule. - Monetary statistics are made available to all users at the same time; the press is not briefed in advance. - Non-routinely disseminated aspects are made available upon request, provided individual bank confidentiality is preserved; customized tabulations can be provided without fee. - SDDS website provides a comprehensive sources and methods document including concepts, scope, classifications, basis of recording, data sources, statistical techniques, and differences from international standards; SDDS metadata is hyperlinked to the BI website and reviewed/updated regularly twice a year. - When revised monetary data were first published (February 2005), they were accompanied by metadata explaining key methodological changes. - General-use information on locating data is published on the BI website; specialized use information (background papers, working documents) is not available. ### Assistance to users and contact information - All statistical releases identify at least one contact point: Administration Division of BI’s Directorate of Economic and Monetary Statistics. - Material to raise awareness is distributed at seminars to university lecturers, students, and press reporters. - Access points are advertised on the BI website and publications. - Assistance to users is monitored and reviewed periodically via the BI website or BI Help Desk facilities: phone number "381-8000" or email "helpdesk@bi.go.id". *Source: _cr05255 - 3.5 Revision studies (Bank Indonesia monetary statistics sections, as provided).* ### 0.2 Resources ### 0.2 Resources ### 0.2.1 Staff, facilities, computing resources, and financing - Staff resources of the BOP Division: - Total staff assigned: 32. - 44 percent of the staff have a higher education degree. - 50 percent have taken a balance of payments course on concept and methodology organized by the IMF. - 31 percent of the staff have at least five years’ experience in balance of payments compilation. - Human resources management: - Directorate of Human Resources of BI prepares annual plans for skills improvement. - Internal Circular letter No. 7/4//INTERN/2005 dated January 19, 2005 allows the manager of a work unit to negotiate with the Human Resources Directorate the timing of transfer of his specialized staff to another work unit to provide more stability. - Technical assistance and training: - BI has benefited from considerable technical assistance in balance of payments compilation provided by STA. - Computing resources and IT protection: - Sufficient computing resources are allocated; each staff is equipped with one computer, most with internet access. - Logistic Management of BI arranges for computer replacement and software updating periodically. - Directorate of Information Technology provides centralized virus protection. - Servers are available in the BOP and Data Dissemination Divisions for data backup and backup cartridge (media tape). - A report on Bank Reporting System (BRS) is submitted online through the BI extranet. - Processing of ITRS data is done systematically through the Data Dissemination Division’s server. ### 0.2.2 Measures to ensure efficient use of resources - Performance management and measurement: - Staff performance appraisals are conducted annually. - Regulation of BI Board of Governors No. 4/15/PDG/2002, dated November 29, 2002, organizes BI’s work plan, budget, and performance management system. - BI’s resources used to compile balance of payments and IIP statistics are measured annually, e.g., Primary Performance Indicators (IKU). - Continued technical assistance: - BI has benefited from considerable technical assistance in balance of payments compilation provided by STA. ### 0.3 Relevance #### 0.3.1 Monitoring relevance and practical utility - User communication and consultation: - Data users are informed on periodicity and timeliness of balance of payments data through the SDDS website. - Contact person provided: Head of Balance of Payments Statistics Division, Directorate of Economic and Monetary Statistics, Bank Indonesia, Snp@bi.go.id. - A quarterly “survey on users” satisfaction is conducted by the Bureau of Governor. - A quarterly coordination meeting with related institutions is conducted before publication of balance of payments statistics. - Business lunches are organized with survey respondents and ITRS reporters. - Inter-agency and international engagement: - A Working Group on BRS and Non Bank Financial Institution Reporting System (NBFIRS) was set up. - BI participates in statistical meetings such as the ASEAN Working Group on FDI (WGFDI). - Ongoing analytical work: - The BOP Division undertakes studies to help identify new and emerging data requirements. ### 0.4 Other quality management #### 0.4.1 Processes to focus on quality - Mission statement: - Directorate of Economic and Monetary Statistics mission: to provide reliable data and information on economic, financial, and monetary which are comprehensive, reliable, accurate, timely, accessible, and meet the international standard. - Staff development: - BI emphasizes enhancing staff quality via participation in internal and external training courses. #### 0.4.2 Processes to monitor quality of the statistical program - Quality checks and controls: - BI performs quality checks during collection, processing, and verification involving cross-checks and follow-up on discrepancies. - Internal Regulation (SE Intern) on ITRS provides the division’s job description. - An ARC is set up for national publication as a management control on timeliness. - User feedback and metadata review: - BI does not conduct formal surveys of balance of payments users but accepts feedback via e-mail, mail, phone, fax, or direct visits. - Regular reviews of metadata: annually. - Regular reviews of SDDS submissions: semi-annually. - Data processing practices: - ITRS processing done through Data Dissemination Division’s server (see 0.2.1). #### 0.4.3 Quality considerations in planning the statistical program - Continuous improvement initiatives: - Attempts to compile data on assets of financial account items. - Gathering feedback from users. - Establishing a cut-off date on processing balance of payments statistics to achieve timeliness without ignoring data quality. ### 1. Assurances of integrity #### 1.1 Professionalism - Legal provisions and independence: - Act No. 23 of 1999 concerning Bank Indonesia, as amended by Act No. 3 of 2004 Article 4 ensures the independence of BI by prohibiting interference from others, including other government agencies. - Article 9, paragraph 2 states that BI shall refuse and/or disregard any form of intervention conducted by other parties. - Recruitment and staff qualifications: - Recruitment based on merit: only graduates with at least a bachelor’s degree, a certain level of grade point average (GPA), and passed the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) are recruited. - Professional development and dissemination: - BOP Division regularly sends qualified employees to seminars, workshops, and conferences sponsored by international and regional institutions. - Staff are encouraged to give lectures at SESPIBANK and contribute articles to the Bank Indonesia Annual Report. - Research and analysis are encouraged primarily to provide information for the Board; BI does not have a tradition of publishing methodological research papers. #### 1.1.2 Source and technique decisions - The BOP Division has sole responsibility for determining data sources and statistical techniques used in balance of payments compilation. #### 1.1.3 Commenting on erroneous interpretation - No formal policy or well-established custom exists to deal with data misinterpretations or misuse. - The BOP Division responds to erroneous interpretations or provides clarifications as required. - The BOP Division monitors media coverage of its data (clipping service). #### 1.2 Transparency - Legal and public access to terms and conditions: - Terms and conditions embodied in: Central Bank Act (No. 23 of 1999), as amended by Act No. 3 of 2004 and Act No. 24 of 1999 concerning the foreign exchange flow and exchange rate system. - These acts are posted on the BI website; copies available at Directorate of Legal, Bank Indonesia, “Tipikal” Building, Jl. M.H.Thamrin No.2, Jakarta 10110. - Metadata dissemination: - Metadata posted on the IMF’s Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB) provide information on terms and conditions; the DSBB contains an ARC for balance of payments statistics. - BI’s website provides a link to the DSBB (and vice versa). - Pre-release governmental access: - There is no government access to the data before their release to the public. - Identification of statistical products: - Balance of payments data disseminated on BI’s website and in hard copy are clearly identified as the product of BI. - BI does not undertake joint publications of its data and does not explicitly request attribution when its statistics are used or reproduced. - Advance notice of methodological change: - When BI makes changes to balance of payments methodology or source data, the public is usually informed concurrently when the change is effected. #### 1.3 Ethical standards - Conduct and discipline: - Norms of conduct subject to Regulation of BI Board of Governors No. 3/9/PDG/2001 concerning Discipline Rules for BI Employees and Regulation No. 4/7/PDG/2002 concerning Rules of Order of BI Employees. - Induction and confidentiality: - All new recruits participate in extensive training covering BI’s responsibilities, activities, banking secrecy, and staff behavior/ethical standards. - All staff are required to sign an oath of secrecy. - Performance review and management example: - BI annually reviews staff performance including behavior. - BI management acknowledges its status as a role model and observes ethical standards. ### 2. Methodological soundness #### 2.1 Concepts and definitions - Adherence to international standards: - Indonesia’s balance of payments statistics generally follow concepts and definitions set out in BPM5. - Current, capital, and financial accounts defined broadly in accordance with BPM5 guidelines. - Double-entry system applied; net residual embedded in errors and omissions. - Directional basis employed in compiling and recording the FDI component. - Residency and institutional unit definitions: - Residents defined in conformity with BPM5 (examples provided: foreign banks’ branches resident of Indonesia; foreign branches of Indonesian banks nonresident; offshore entities and enterprises in free trade zones attributed to economy in which located; SPE residence attributed to economy in which located; international organizations/supranational authorities not considered resident; all units of general government considered resident in their own economy). - Limitations and planned improvements: - Financial account does not yet provide separate recording of transactions in assets and transactions in liabilities due to lack of source data; planned to publish such data for 2004 in Q2, 2005. - FDI inward transactions are estimated by applying 10 percent to the capital of an enterprise (10 percent ownership rule per BPM5). - Until January 2005, the 10 percent rule had been wrongly applied by adding up shares of several nonresident investors each owning less than 10 percent; this error has been addressed. - Reserve assets defined using concepts of monetary authorities’ effective control and availability for use. - BI maintains an internal document describing current conditions, deviations from the standard, work plans, and timeframes for improvement. #### 2.2 Scope - Coverage relative to BPM5: - Not all resident-nonresident transactions specified in BPM5 are covered and shown separately. - Examples of items not yet covered: goods for processing, goods procured in port by carriers, repairs on goods, computer services, oil and gas exploration, e-commerce transactions, reinvested earning, direct investment (DI) abroad, portfolio investment (PI) assets, other investment assets, trade credit, and arrears. - Publication plans: - BI plans to publish data on goods for processing (starting from 2004) and goods procured in port by carriers in Q2 2005. - BI plans to publish in Q2 2005 data on DI abroad, PI, other investment assets, and trade credit. - Plan to incorporate oil and gas sector in DI statistics is in progress; BI is discussing with BP Migas about needed data. - Institutional coverage: - In principle, all resident institutional units engaged in transactions with nonresidents are covered (examples: incorporated/unincorporated affiliates of nonresident companies; resident territorial enclaves; free zones/bonded warehouses/factories operated by offshore enterprises; temporary workers except border workers). - BI has a blueprint describing current conditions, deviations from standards, and work plans/timeframe for improvement. #### 2.3 Classification/sectorization - Consistency with BPM5: - Classification/sectorization systems used are broadly consistent with international standards but not completely aligned. - Specific deviations: - Public enterprises’ external debts are classified under government instead of other sectors. - Long-term construction projects are not yet included in FDI statistics. - License fees for fishing and hunting are not yet included in current transfers. - Only loans and trade credits received by FDI companies in Indonesia are recorded under FDI; BPM5 recommends recording both borrowing and lending between direct investors and direct investment enterprises under FDI (except between affiliated financial intermediaries). - Lack of information prevents identification of transactions between affiliated financial intermediaries and lending of direct investment enterprises in Indonesia to their direct investors abroad. #### 2.4 Basis for recording - Valuation (market prices): - Market valuation principle of BPM5 broadly used but not fully implemented. - Total imports and exports valued on an f.o.b. basis. - Monetary gold valued at market prices. - Data on domestic debt securities held by nonresidents from the Bank Custodian are valued at book value instead of market price quotation. - Value of transactions on debt securities liabilities derived from stock data at beginning and end of period; the difference includes changes due to price and other changes. - Domestic equity transactions reported in rupiahs (Rp) converted to U.S. dollars using BI’s midpoint exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. - External debt transactions reported in foreign currencies (except U.S. dollars) are converted to Rp and then to U.S. dollars using monthly average exchange rates. - Transaction data derived from position data are converted to U.S. dollars using BI’s midpoint exchange rate at the end of the period. - Basis for recording (accrual vs cash): - Transactions are not completely on an accrual basis. - Change in ownership of goods considered to occur when partners record transactions in their books/accounts. - Services recorded when rendered; for ITRS-compiled data, services are recorded when transactions are settled. - Accrual of interest costs approximated for financial instruments bearing interest. - Dividends recorded on the date they are compiled rather than declared payable. - Reinvested earnings data compiled through surveys are recorded in periods when declared to be reinvested, rather than when earned; reinvested earnings are not yet published. - Loan drawings recorded at time of actual disbursements. - Government and public enterprise loan repayments entered when due for payment; other sector loan repayments entered when paid. - For loan repayments not made when due, entries are recorded as if contractual repayments were made and new liabilities created/recorded based on new repayment schedule. - Interest calculated by applying the London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) to the stock of assets or liabilities. - Grossing/netting procedures: - Current account transactions are recorded on a gross basis. - In the national presentation, only transactions on goods and travel services are shown on a gross basis. *Source: _cr05255 - 0.2 Resources* ### 3. Accuracy and reliability ### _cr05255 - 3. Accuracy and reliability ### Source data - Source data are obtained from comprehensive data collection programs that take into account country-specific conditions. - Balance of payments source data derive from: - information from government/state agencies, corporations, and other directorates of BI; and - reporting of banks, nonbank financial institutions, and corporations to BI through ITRS, external debt report, and bank monthly report. - ITRS captures only external transactions that go through the banking system; complementary surveys cover transactions outside the banking system (e.g., external debts, FDI, expenditures by embassies and international organizations, number of nonresident visitors and their spending). - Examples of data sources and use: - Passenger transportation (debit): number of Indonesians going abroad from Immigration/BPS combined with the Outbound Survey. - Travel: PES & Outbound survey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and BPS. - FDI Survey conducted by BI since 2000; used in IIP DI compilation but not yet incorporated into balance of payments compilation. - BI maintains and updates a list of corporations/institutions for surveys using compulsory DI surveys, ITRS transactors list, and a debt register. - ITRS components: BRS, Overseas Current Account (OCA), Inter-Company Account (ICA) of NBFIRS and NCRS; covers current, capital, and financial accounts. The fourth ITRS segment, the BI report, is still under construction. - Goods transactions: customs documents (online import reporting April 2004; online export reporting May 2004); BI, BPS, and Customs cooperating on trade reconciliation (project ongoing). - Oil and gas: BP Migas and Pertamina reports. - Portfolio investment liabilities: Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) report, Bank Custodian report, Directorate of Monetary Management of BI records. - Investment income of banking sector: banks’ monthly reports. - Reserve assets: Directorate of Reserve Management of BI, with transactions distinguished from valuation changes. - Where source data do not exist or are difficult to collect, best possible secondary sources and approximation techniques are used (example: Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI) pledges as source for government current transfers). - BI maintains regular contact with respondents and reminds them of reporting time limits. - BI, BPS, and Customs are working to reconcile trade data compiled by BPS and BI; Customs is the primary source for both agencies. ### Source data: coverage, definitions, and timeliness - Source data reasonably approximate BPM5 definitions, scope, classifications, valuation, and time of recording. - Administrative records (e.g., Ministry of Manpower data on number of Indonesian workers abroad, foreign workers in Indonesia, and average income) provide reasonable approximations for balance of payments use. - Timeliness: - Data collection and processing timetables meet timeliness and periodicity for dissemination. - Respondents are informed of deadlines on survey forms and in meetings; BI staff contacts respondents to ensure timely receipt. ### Assessment of source data (monitoring and validation) - BI routinely assesses source data (censuses, surveys, administrative records) for coverage, sample error, response error, and nonsampling error. - Survey monitoring: - Nonresponse is monitored for each survey. - Questionnaires are tested; simplified questionnaires tend to increase response rate. - Procedures include identifying outliers and typical differences; extreme values are confirmed with respondents and confirmations are recorded. - Source data analyzed for underreporting/misreporting, temporal consistency, and consistency with related data sources (particularly ITRS). - ITRS-specific practices: - Reporting by banks on customers’ transactions is on a best-effort basis with limited supporting documents; classification accuracy cannot always be ascertained. - Within ITRS sections, staff are assigned to monitor reporting of individual banks, NBFIs, and enterprises; staff contact nonrespondents near deadlines and clarify irregularities. - BRS uses a systematic validation system of transaction normalcy; respondents must amend reports if errors identified; penalties for late and/or erroneous reporting. - Regular reconciliation meetings are held: - BI–MoF for public sector external debt data; - BI–BPS for international trade data; - BI–MoF–Bappenas for government current transfers; - BI–Ministry of Manpower for compensation of employees and worker remittances. ### Statistical techniques and data adjustments - Data compilation: - Information from BRS, NBFIRS, and NCRS is entered into corresponding databases and integrated through a computerized aggregation scheme with BI’s Data Processing Division. - Survey information is adjusted for missing data. - Customs data adjusted to cover exports and imports of Batam and other bonded zones. - Adjustments to compensation of employees and workers remittances to cover professional workers, legal workers not reported to the Ministry of Manpower, and illegal workers. - Specific adjustment procedures and estimates: - The f.o.b /c. and f. ratio used to convert import c. and f. to f.o.b. is estimated based on a study of import documents during 2001–2003. - The average value of freight is 6.8 percent of total c. and f. value. - The average value of insurance is 0.5 percent. - Some ITRS-reported net series are not converted to gross basis (examples: telecommunications services; transactions in securities on secondary markets reported net of fees and commissions). - Estimates of shuttle trade had not been made but were expected to begin in 2006. ### Assessment and validation of intermediate data and outputs - Intermediate validation: - Information in financial press used to verify high-value direct investment (e.g., privatization and banking restructuring). - Investment income payments and receipts regularly assessed against corresponding IIP stock data. - Freight earnings assessed in relation to value/volume of trade flows; f.o.b. import valuation factor adjusted in 2004 for higher oil prices. - Travel-related transactions from PES and Outbound survey analyzed against customs and immigration data on international travelers. - Financial flow data reconciled with changes in corresponding stock data for external debt and other IIP elements. - Discrepancy monitoring: - Staff monitor developments in the errors and omissions item and conduct cross-checks across current, capital, and financial account entries to understand discrepancies. ### Revision studies and documentation - Revision studies and use: - A study of revisions to direct investment abroad data in 2001 led to reclassification of these data as other investment. - A 2004 revision included the Asian Bond as a component of reserve assets. - Latest revisions related to implementation of online reporting of exports and imports transactions. - Documentation on revisions is maintained and updated; includes causes of revisions, methods for incorporating new sources, and adjustment procedures (recorded in the division’s manual and worksheets). - Revisions practice: - The revision cycle is public; data are preliminary when first released and become final 12 months after the end of the reporting period. - Final data status is implied by absence of the (r) symbol for provisional data. - Revisions outside the regular cycle (e.g., error discovery) are publicized. - Users are informed when data are preliminary or revised; revised data are indicated with sign (r). - Studies/analyses of revisions are not contained in balance of payments publications or databases accessible to users, but the Annual Report explains effects of new reporting systems on balance of payments statistics. ### Serviceability: periodicity, timeliness, and consistency - Periodicity and timeliness: - Balance of payments statistics are disseminated quarterly, in line with the SDDS requirement. - Quarterly statistics are disseminated within one quarter after the reference period, as required by the SDDS. - Internal consistency: - Concepts, definitions, and classifications are the same for quarterly and annual statistics; annual data derived from quarterly data. - Over the long run, the errors and omissions item has been significant and appears related to methodology for unrecorded assets in the financial account. - Financial transactions data have not been reconciled with changes in the IIP. - Time-series consistency: - Consistent time series generally available for at least five years. - Introduction of online export/import reporting in 2004 resulted in historical series reconstructed only as far back as 2003. - Unusual economic trend changes are explained in commentaries in Indonesian Financial Statistics and in the balance of payments chapter of BI’s Annual Report. - Cross-dataset consistency: - Balance of payments trade in goods reconciled with international merchandise trade data. - Balance of payments imports derived from merchandise trade imports minus freight outflow; national publications provide freight data in net value, limiting users’ ability to calculate c. and f. import values. - Discrepancies between BI and BPS trade data mean balance of payments and national accounts statistics are not fully consistent; BI, BPS, and Customs are discussing reconciliation methods but datasets remain unreconciled. - Banking sector transactions in balance of payments largely consistent with monetary and financial statistics. - External debt components largely consistent with corresponding debt stocks. ### Accessibility, metadata, and user assistance - Presentation and dissemination: - Statistics presented per BPM5 standard components with time series; additional series for users’ needs (e.g., exports/imports of non-oil and gas and oil and gas; government loan details). - Disseminated clearly but generally without charts. - Current statistics and longer time series accessible through the BI website. - Release schedule announced in an ARC in DSBB; statistics released punctually per preannounced schedule. - Statistics made available to all users simultaneously via BI website and Indonesian Financial Statistics. - Nonroutine data requests: - Additional general statistics (e.g., country and industrial breakdown of inward direct investment) reported to ASEAN Secretariat. - No customized tabulations provided to the general public. - Metadata accessibility: - Summary methodology on concepts, techniques, and coverage available on BI’s SDDS page. - A comprehensive sources and methods document on DI is provided to IMF for publication (SIMSDI). - Monthly Indonesian Financial Statistics provides brief overviews of concepts and definitions; summary metadata provided to IMF for annual BOPSY publication. - SDDS summary methodologies and related descriptions are reviewed and updated regularly; metadata accessible via BI website and Indonesian Financial Statistics and cross-referenced in data releases. - BI has not produced a detailed sources and methods document explaining compilation methods, techniques, and departures from international standards. - User assistance: - Contact points for balance of payments data are publicized (IMF DSBB ARC contact and BI website contact with address, phone, fax, e-mail). - Prompt and knowledgeable service available; no formal users’ education programs. - Assistance to users is not monitored; user requests for assistance have been minimal. - Publications and charges: - A list of BI publications is posted on the BI website and IMF’s DSBB Dissemination Formats. - Prices of statistical products are disclosed on IMF’s DSBB Dissemination Formats; subscription contact posted. *Source: _cr05255 - 3. Accuracy and reliability* ### 0. Prerequisites of quality 0.1 Legal and institutional environment ### 0. Prerequisites of quality — 0.1 Legal and institutional environment ### Key findings - Legal and institutional environment: Practice observed (symbol X). - Resources: Practice observed (symbol X). - Relevance: Practice observed (symbol X). - Other quality management: Practice observed (symbol X). ### Specific issues noted - Responsibility for collecting, processing, and disseminating the statistics is specified; data sharing and confidentiality are addressed in the framework (see Appendix II indicators 0.1.1–0.1.4, 0.2.1–0.2.2, 0.3.1, 0.4.1–0.4.3). --- ### 1. Assurances of integrity ### Professionalism, transparency, and ethical standards - 1.1 Professionalism: Practice observed (symbol X). - 1.2 Transparency: Practice observed (symbol X). - When BI makes changes to balance of payments methodology or source data, the public is usually informed concurrently when the change is effected. - 1.3 Ethical standards: Practice observed (symbol X). --- ### 2. Methodological soundness ### Concepts and definitions; scope; classification; basis for recording - 2.1 Concepts and definitions: Practice observed (symbol X). - 2.1.1 Financial account does not provide for a separate recording of transactions in assets and transactions in liabilities. It is planned to publish these data for 2004 in Q2, 2005. - 2.2 Scope: Practice observed (symbol X). - 2.2.1 Not all resident-nonresident transactions are covered, e.g., goods for processing, goods procured in ports by carriers, repairs on goods, computer services, oil and gas exploration, e-commerce transactions, reinvested earnings, direct investment abroad, etc. It is planned to publish these data for 2004 in Q2, 2005. - 2.3 Classification/sectorization: Practice observed (symbol X). - 2.3.1 The classification of institutional units to their relevant sectors does not completely follow BPM5, e.g., public enterprises are classified under government instead of other sectors. - 2.4 Basis for recording: Practice observed (symbol X). - 2.4.1 The principle of market valuation specified in BPM5 is not followed completely. Value of transactions derived from stocks data include valuation and other changes. - 2.4.2 Recording of transactions is not completely done on an accrual basis. - 2.4.3 Financial account transactions in assets and liabilities are not published separately. --- ### 3. Accuracy and reliability ### Source data, assessment, techniques, validation, and revisions - 3.1 Source data: Practice observed (symbol X). - 3.1.3 Results of ITRS are satisfactory for the banks, but the BI part was not collected. The results are not incorporated in the balance of payments compilation. - 3.2 Assessment of source data: Practice observed (symbol X). - 3.3 Statistical techniques: Practice observed (symbol X). - 3.3.1 Information from surveys for some respondents need to be adjusted for missing data. Methods of adjustment need to be improved. - 3.3.2 Estimation technique needs to be improved. Data on a gross basis are not collected for some items, e.g., telecommunications services. Shuttle trade is not estimated. - 3.4 Assessment and validation of intermediate data and statistical outputs: Practice observed (symbol X). - 3.5 Revision studies: Practice observed (symbol X). --- ### 4. Serviceability ### Periodicity, timeliness, consistency, and revision policy - 4.1 Periodicity and timeliness: Practice observed (symbol X). - 4.2 Consistency: Practice observed (symbol X). - 4.2.1 Substantial magnitude of errors and omissions over the long run. Financial transactions are not consistent with changes in IIP. - 4.2.2 Revisions to historical trade data, after the introduction in 2004 of imports and exports online reporting, go back to 2003. - 4.2.3 Discrepancies with BPS trade data have not been reconciled. - 4.3 Revision policy and practice: Practice observed (symbol X). --- ### 5. Accessibility ### Data and metadata accessibility; assistance to users - 5.1 Data accessibility: Practice observed (symbol X). - 5.2 Metadata accessibility: Practice observed (symbol X). - 5.3 Assistance to users: Practice observed (symbol X). --- ### Appendix I — Summary of the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) (as presented) - Data dimension (coverage, periodicity, and timeliness): Dissemination of 18 data categories, including component detail, covering the four main sectors (real, fiscal, financial, and external) with prescribed periodicity and timeliness. - Access dimension: - Dissemination of ARCs providing at least one-quarter advance notice of approximate release dates, and at least a one-week advance notice of the precise release dates. - Simultaneous release of data to all users. - Integrity dimension: - Dissemination of terms and conditions under which official statistics are produced and disseminated. - Identification of internal government access to data before release. - Identification of ministerial commentary on occasion of statistical release. - Provision of information about revision and advance notice of major changes in methodology. - Quality dimension: - Dissemination of documentation on statistical methodology and sources used. - Dissemination of component detail and/or additional data series enabling cross-checks. --- ### Appendix II — Data Quality Assessment Framework (July 2003 Framework) — Core indicators (selected) - Prerequisites of quality: Indicators 0.1.1–0.4.3 (responsibilities, resources, relevance, quality management). - Assurances of integrity: Indicators 1.1.1–1.3.1 (professionalism, transparency, ethical standards). - Methodological soundness: Indicators 2.1.1–2.4.3 (concepts, scope, classification, valuation, recording). - Accuracy and reliability: Indicators 3.1.1–3.5.1 (source data, assessment, techniques, validation, revisions). - Serviceability: Indicators 4.1.1–4.3.3 (periodicity, timeliness, consistency, revision policy). - Accessibility: Indicators 5.1.1–5.3.2 (presentation, metadata, assistance). --- ### Appendix III — Results of Indonesia’s Users’ Survey (April 11, 2005) ### Survey methodology and response - Questionnaire sent to 39 users across academic and research community, banks and businesses, foreign embassies and international agencies, credit rating agencies, and government agencies. - 21 responses received: 3 from researchers, 10 from banks and businesses, 5 from the international community, 0 from credit rating agencies, and 3 from other agencies (which includes a government agency). - Respondents represented major and informed users. ### Overall quality ratings (scale 1–5; 5 = excellent, 1 = poor) - Monetary statistics: average 3.8 (2, 5) - Prices: average 3.6 (2, 5) - Government finance statistics: average 3.5 (2, 5) - National accounts: average 3.3 (1, 4) - Balance of payments statistics: average 3.2 (1, 4) ### Usage patterns and purposes - Regular usage counts (number of respondents): - National accounts: 19 - Prices: 18 - Government finance statistics: 20 - Monetary statistics: 16 - Balance of payments: 4 - Other (selected items): Production indices 13; Labor market 13; Merchandise trade 13; International reserves and foreign currency liquidity 15; External debt 10; International investment position 5. - Main purposes for statistics (percent of respondents): - Econometric model building and forecasting: 86 percent - Analysis of current developments for short-term decision-making: 71 percent - Analysis of trends for long-term policy formulation: 67 percent ### Satisfaction with periodicity, timeliness, accuracy/reliability - Users were most satisfied with coverage, level of detail, periodicity, and timeliness of: - National accounts: satisfaction between 70–85 percent of respondents - Prices: satisfaction between 50–75 percent of respondents - Very few respondents were satisfied with these attributes for government finance statistics, monetary statistics, and balance of payments statistics. ### Awareness and information needs - A surprisingly small number of respondents were aware of the existence of an ARC. - Except in national accounts and prices, most users wanted more information on revisions. - Respondents expressed a need for more explanatory information about the statistics and more detailed metadata. ### Table 5 — Questionnaire response by type of user (counts and percent received) - Banks and businesses: Total Sent 16; Total Received 10; In % Received 83 - International community: Total Sent 6; Total Received 5; In % Received 83 - Academic & research community: Total Sent 7; Total Received 3; In % Received 43 - Credit rating agencies: Total Sent 2; Total Received 0; In % Received 0 - Others: Total Sent 8; Total Received 3; In % Received 38 - Total: Total Sent 39; Total Received 21; In % Received 54 ### Table 6 — Selected questionnaire counts (Total Number of Responses) - Where do you obtain official statistics? (counts) - Official press releases and publications on macroeconomic statistics: 9 - Private sector summaries and analyses: 14 - Official policy papers: 10 - Publications from international organizations about the country: 0 - Other sources: 17 - Do you refer to official descriptions of sources and methods? - Yes: 0 - No: 0 - Uses of official statistics (counts) - Analysis of current developments for short-term decision making: 15 - Analysis of trends for longer-term policy formulation: 14 - Econometric model building and forecasting: 18 - Economic research: 2 - Comparison with economic developments in other countries: 0 - General economic background: 0 ### Table 6 — Coverage and detail satisfaction (counts by series) - In general, are you satisfied with the coverage of official statistics? (Yes/No counts) - National accounts: Yes 18; No 3 - Prices: Yes 16; No 2 - Government finance statistics: Yes 1; No 4 - Monetary statistics: Yes 0; No 2 - Balance of payments: Yes 0; No 4 - Other: Yes 13; No 2 - In general, are you satisfied with the official statistics in terms of their level of detail? (Yes/No counts) - National accounts: Yes 17; No 4 - Prices: Yes 13; No 1 - Government finance statistics: Yes 1; No 5 - Monetary statistics: Yes 0; No 0 - Balance of payments: Yes 0; No 6 - Other: Yes 0; No 2 --- *Source: _cr05255 - 0. Prerequisites of quality 0.1 Legal and institutional environment (IMF staff assessment and appendices as provided in the supplied content).* ### 6. Periodicity and timeliness ### 6. Periodicity and timeliness (Content unit: _cr05255 - 6. Periodicity and timeliness) ### 6.1 Satisfaction with frequency of compilation - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved in source order) - Yes: 18 2 13 0 3 4 0 2 0 7 12 0 - No: (implicitly paired with above in source table) - Comment summary (verbatim themes from respondents): - "If there is no monthly basis, make it by estimation. If possible, monthly for balance of payments." - "Actually, we receive some data, not regularly. We made direct contact with the offices that provide those data as needed." - "Balance of payments and capital account data need updating." ### 6.2 Timeliness of dissemination - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved in source order) - Yes: 15 4 10 2 1 8 0 4 0 8 8 2 - No: (implicitly paired) - Comment summary (verbatim themes from respondents): - "Data on subnational governments are very slow." - "Time lag is too long." - "Need to reduce time lag." - "The value of information decrease, if the data are disseminated with longer time lag." - "External debt is in two-month lag." - "Balance of payments time lag should be shortened." - "BOP, especially capital account, always too late (3–6 months behind)." - "Regional GDP very late (1 year)." - "Fiscal and balance of payments data always out of date and need updating." --- ### 7. Other dissemination practices ### 7.1 Knowledge of a publicly disseminated release calendar - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 7 11 5 9 1 16 0 13 0 15 11 2 - Comment summary: - "Perhaps not always official, but approximate dates are known." - "Other—Capital market." ### 7.2 Adherence to announced release dates - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 7 5 6 6 2 11 0 7 0 8 10 1 - Comment summary: - "For the rest, we have information regarding calendar of release dates." ### 7.3 Information about revisions to official statistics - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 13 9 10 7 2 10 0 7 0 10 0 1 - Comment summary: - "Information by quarter on revised levels is very slow, if not purchased." - "Sometimes, the revisions are for the period which has been hidden." --- ### 8. Accessibility ### 8.1 Ease of access to official statistics - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 19 1 18 0 3 4 0 1 0 2 11 0 - Comment summary: - "National accounts—Especially revisions, are very slow. Fiscal accounts are difficult to obtain." - "It occurs since we already have a direct contact to the offices that produce those statistics." - "Mostly from outside (other countries) sources." - "Infrequent fiscal data update." ### 8.2 Ease of access to methodological/explanatory information - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 14 7 12 5 3 6 0 6 0 7 0 0 - No: (implied) - Comment summary: - "Meetings are usually necessary." - "Full information needed is not accessible." - "Impossible to obtain greater detail statistics when needed." ### 8.3 Clarity and level of methodological detail - (Question appears but no numeric table in supplied excerpt; respondents' views are given in Comments) - Comment summary: - "Sources and methods are very important." - "The descriptions are necessary for analyzing. Useful with simple clear explanation." - "To understand more about the nature of the data." ### 8.4 Modes of access to official statistics (responses as listed) - Official releases: 16 - Hard copy publications: 5 - Data specifically requested: 6 - Official website: 0 - Other: 0 - E-mail requests: 12 - Comment summary: - "Other: such as Bloomberg or CEIC." - "We usually obtain raw data compiled by central bureau of statistics if available." - "Official statistics—accessible through Reuters and Bloomberg." --- ### 9. Overall assessment ### 9.1 Soundness and appropriateness of underlying methodology - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 11 3 2 3 0 3 0 2 13 5 14 0 - No: (implied) - Comment summary: - "The question and the choice of answers are too definitive." - "The methodology has many assumptions." - "Too many errors and omissions." ### 9.2 Perceived unbiasedness and accuracy - Respondents: Yes / No by statistical domain (layout preserved) - Yes: 13 3 2 3 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 - No: (implied) - Comment summary: - "Question and choice of answers are too definitive." - "Yes, but we accept that due to metrology being used by the officials." - "Accurate subject to constraint." ### 9.3 Comparative quality with other countries in the region - Response options in source: Better / Same / Worse - Comment summary: - "Balance of payments, and other, such as external debt are better than less developed countries such as Vietnam, Nepal, and Cambodia. Balance of payments, and other, are same with Malaysia and Thailand." - "For monetary, breakdown for loan are less detailed than others: car loan, credit card loan, etc. are not included in BI release." - "We have no opinion since we have not compared the quality of official statistics of Indonesia with other countries." - "Not compared." ### 9.4 Overall quality rating (1 rated as poor and 5 as excellent) - Ratings by domain (preserved exactly as in source): - 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 0 --- ### Key respondent suggestions and requested improvements (verbatim and preserved themes) - "Need to reduce the time lag for National Accounts, Government Finance Statistics, Monetary and Balance of Payments Statistics." - "Coverage of balance of payments should be broadened, with more detail." - "When there is change of base year—more explanation needed on why rebasing, and how, for certain sectors." - "Inconsistency of data collecting." - "Balance of payments data is extremely poor and untimely. Errors and omissions are simply too large to understand balance of payments dynamics in detail." - "Some seem to need updating of the methodology, e.g., terms of trade, urban compared with rural." - Balance of payments recommendation: "Balance of payments compliance to IMF manual could be improved by enhancement of the available data such as by surveys; new data report, particularly the asset side of financial account." - National accounts recommendation: "National accounts will be better if national accounts data, especially on expenditure side, can be broken down into more detail data, e.g., data regarding nonfood private consumption can be broken down into subsectors." - "Overall, we hope the release can be disseminated earlier." - Monetary recommendation: "For monetary, we hope for much more detail on loans, especially by segment, consumer, etc." - "Need breakdown of capital account, debt repayments, disbursals, FDI equity flows, etc." - "Need to improve data to look more like IIF form." - "Having good balance of payments data is important to track investor sentiment, capital plights, and predict financial markets." - "Local finance data need to be updated more frequently." *Source: _cr05255 - 6. Periodicity and timeliness* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/_cr05255.pdf_