## _cr0759 - 2. Achieve universal primary education. ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [_cr0759 - 2. Achieve universal primary education.](https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/_cr0759.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/_cr0759.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/_cr0759.pdf.json) --- ### Millennium Development Goals (education, health, gender, environment, partnership) - Goal 2: "All children will complete primary school by 2015." - Goal 3: "Elimination of inequality of boys and girls at all levels ofeducation by 2015." - Goal 4: "Child mortality will be reduced by 2/3 by 2015." - Goal 5: "Reduce mortality of mothers by 1/2 by 2015." - Goal 6: "Containment and change of trend until 2015." - Goal 7: - "a) Strategies for sustainable development, protection of natural resources." - "b) Halve the population without access to drinking water and sanitation by 2015." - Goal 8: "Open trade and finance systems, access to markets,Debt Relief, jobs for young people, access to medicineat a fair price, and access to new technologies." ### MAP guiding values - Professionalism in All That We Do: "Everybody must work to achieve the bestprofessional standards." - Shared Leadership: "Leadership must be displayed at all levels of government andin all sectors of society." - Continuous Capacity Building: "We must be continuous learners and constantly work tostrengthen our skills and abilities and our institutionalcapabilities so that we can succeed." - Participation and Cooperation: "We will promote teamwork, participation and cooperationwith all the people, regions, communes, civil societyand donors." - Leverage Resources: "We must minimize waste and maximize gains to ensure thesmart and productive use of the nation’s resources." - Competitiveness: "Our educational system, civil service,and the private sector must be highly competitive." - Integrity: "Integrity, honesty, and trust are essential for a governmentto produce results." - The Will to Succeed: "We must be persistent, display initiative, and do what wecommit ourselves to do and we must get results!" ### Benefits of the MAP (stakeholder impacts) - For the People of Madagascar: "The MAP will create optimism and confidence in the future." - For the Malagasy Public Administration: "The MAP is there to empower and guide the civil service." - For National Investors and Local Companies: "The business community should feel confident that real andsustainable change is happening." - For International Investors: "International investors should feel confident and excitedabout investing in Madagascar." - For the Development Partners: "The donors should see Madagascar as a country committedto using resources wisely, responsibly and efficiently toorchestrate a real quantum leap." ### Immediate MAP priorities — Breakthrough Reform Initiatives (BRI) - Purpose: "urgent projects that require immediate attention, superior leadership, collaboration across ministries,and dedicated resources." - BRI 1: Public Finance Reform - Current: "Madagascar currently collects approximately 10% of its GDP from taxesand customs duties." - Target: "We will increase this figure to 15% by the year 2012." - Measures: "making dramaticchanges in the tax code (making it simple) and the taxadministrative process (making it more efficient, effective,and fair)." - Support: "With the support of the IMF and the World Bank,in the early part of 2007 we will conduct a thorough analysisof the tax code." - BRI 2: Significant Increase In Investment To Promote High Growth - Focus sectors: "Manufacturing, agri-business, mining, and tourism." - Actions include international promotion, infrastructure prioritization, incentives, land access, investment law, arbitration system, and business climate reforms. - BRI 3: Sow The Seeds Of A Green Revolution - Baseline: "As of 2006, Madagascar was an importer of rice." - Outcome target: "Over the next few years Madagascar willbecome an exporter of rice and other crops." - Measures: supply seeds, fertilizers, training and cooperatives. - BRI 4: Transform Public Security - Problems: "dahalo (cattle rustlers) ... smuggling of precious stones and timber, and illegal fishing." - Goal: "transform our security systemto ensure that Madagascar is a safe and secure place to live,farm, travel, invest, and conduct business." - BRI 5: Implement Bold New Measures For Health And Family Planning - Population issues: "In some rural areas there are 7 to 10children per household." - Malaria: "As of 2006 only half of the population is protected when they sleep by bed nets." - Commitment: "We have launched the Malaria Project to ensure that within 2 years every person has a bed net." - HIV/AIDS: "As of 2006, only 1% of the population was infected with the AIDSvirus, as compared with 30% in South Africa." - Response: "We have begun to put in place a “best practice” strategy on HIV/AIDS policy." - BRI 6: Transform The Judiciary - Reforms: "commercial courts, sentencing guidelines and prisonsystem - to ensure that the people and investors have completeconfidence and trust in the system." ### Human building blocks (capacity, mindset, integrity, skills, mobilization) - 1. Develop Leadership Capacity - Create and use National Leadership Institute of Madagascar (NLIM) to train ministers, secretaries, directors, regional and district chiefs, youth, civil society and business leaders. - 2. Change Mindsets And Habits - Use "listening, dialogue, encouragement and learning" to modify or discard impediments to progress. - 3. Fight Corruption - Adopt "zero tolerance" and "promote a value shift in government and society." - 4. Increase Know-how - Use international experts, attract overseas Malagasy back home, and expand training programs domestically and abroad. - 5. Mobilize People And Resources - Actions: seek donor support (multilateral, bilateral, foundations); manage national assets for self-sufficiency; reform tax regime and customs to significantly increase government revenues for social programs. ### New institutions created (2006) - National Leadership Institute of Madagascar (NLIM): "provide cutting-edge training to buildleadership capacity at all levels of government and for allsectors of society." - Economic Development Board Of Madagascar (EDBM): "facilitate and promoteprivate domestic and foreign investment." ### MAP implementation system (planning, donors, monitoring) - Structure: "The National Vision" and "the United Nations MillenniumDevelopment Goals" -> "The MAP five year plan" -> "National Programs – health, education,security, transport, etc." -> "Annual Planning" (Politique Generale de lètat and national budget) -> "Donor Coordination" (annual Donor’s Conference and sector meetings) -> "Monitoring & Feedback". ### The 8 MAP commitments (summarized targets and sectors) - Connected Infrastructure; Educational Transformation; Responsible Governance; Rural Development and a Green Revolution; Health, Family Planning and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS; Cherish the Environment; National Solidarity; High Growth Economy with "growth rates reaching between 7% and 10% by 2012." --- ### Commitment One — Responsible Governance: security challenge - Current problems: Zebu and crop theft; illegal trafficking in fish, gemstones, gold and timber; drug crops feeding smuggling and urban crime. - Data point: "In 2005, about 5,700 Dahalo (cattle thieves) were arrested, an increase of 15% compared to the previous year." - Goals: 1. "Madagascar will be a safe country to live in, to travel in and to invest in." 2. "All red zones will be clean areas and zebu theft will be significantly diminished." 3. "Urban crime will be under control and brought back to an acceptable level." - Strategy excerpt: "Review current system, adopt best practices, train and develop security forces in improved methodologies." ### Align the mission of the security forces to national and regional needs - Objectives and actions include: increase surveillance of national coasts; strengthen customs and security to secure borders; rationalize institutions and coordination. - Priority activities: obtain and maintain transport, communication equipment and weapons; implement transparent motivation and rotation systems; train local “dina”; restructure the Zebu industry; stop illegal trafficking. - Indicators: - Crime rate: number of crimes (per 1,000 citizens) - Number of red districts (out of 111 Districts) - Surveillance of territorial waters and exclusive economic zones - Country-level indicator datapoints: 2005 4.26117% ; 2012 2.6060% ### Strengthen rule of law — targets and indicators - Current reality: accelerated judiciary reform since 2004; about 60,000 pending penal cases; perception of corruption remains in parts of judiciary. - Goals: transparent, fair, rapid trials; legislation to address development needs; respect United Nations’ Human Rights Charter; "No prisoner will be detained in jail for more than one year without a sentence (30 days for minor offences)." - Priority projects: - Enhance penalties for corruption by judiciary; simplify court procedures; catch up on pending cases; review laws via independent committee including EDBM; improve prison conditions to International Red Cross standards; create educational rehabilitation for child/adolescent offenders. - Indicators and target datapoints: - Rule of Law indicator (World Bank, basis of 100): 2005 45 ; 2012 100 - Trial timeliness (on a basis of 100): 2005 10.2% ; 2012 33/67 - Share of judiciary annual budget in the total budget: 2005 Poor ; 2012 Low - Ratio convicted vs prisoners waiting trial: 2005 60 ; 2012 66.2.6%60/40 - Public satisfaction with Judicial System: 2005 Good ; 2012 High ### Reduce corruption — baselines, goals, indicators - Current reality: Transparency International perception improved from 1.7 in 2003 to 2.8 in 2005 (out of 10); CSLCC/CSI and BIANCO established. - Goals: substantially reduce corruption; enforce Code of Conduct; raise public confidence in courts, administration and security forces. - Priority projects: implement Code of Conduct; simplify procedures; strengthen watchdog roles and whistleblower protection; increase anti-corruption funding; strengthen asset declaration and training. - Indicators and targets: - Corruption perception index of Transparency International: 2005 2.8 ; 2012 3.6% - Proportion of average expenditure by households on bribery for public services (CSI annual survey): 2005 5.0 ; 2012 1.5% ### Establish an efficient and effective government budgetary process - Current reality: 2006 simplification coordinated with SIGFP; public resources insufficient due to exemptions and poor management. - Goals: tax and customs provide sufficient revenues; resource allocation negotiated among ministries, regions and communes prior to parliamentary decision; budget formulation follows good governance. - Priority projects: complete public finance reform; increase efficiency of revenue/expenditure control; harmonize tax/royalty policies; establish trust fund to manage national asset revenues; publish public finance online; implement new Code of Public Tender. - Indicators and targets: - Fiscal Pressure (Fiscal revenue/GDP): 2005 10% ; 2012 6-15% - PEFA Index (Public Expenditures and Finance Accountability): 2005 20 ; 2012 All - The share of voted budget devoted to social sector actually spent: 2005 (no numeric baseline shown) ; 2012 (target outlines) ### Strengthen the provision of public services - Current reality: reforms in customs, civil service and training; PREA and e-governance started; administration needs further modernization. - Goals: "A professional and competent administration delivering fast, cooperative and quality services." - Priority projects: performance-based motivation system; simplify high-interaction procedures; adopt e-services/e-administration; strengthen leadership and technical/managerial skills. - Indicators and targets: - World Bank Public Service indicator: 2005 30 ; 2012 100 - Timeliness of procedures (baseline 100): 2005 60 ; 2012 66 ### Decentralize government administration — fiscal and service targets - Current reality: Creation of 22 new Regions in 2004; administration remains centralized as of 2006. - Goals: Communes and Regions with authority and resources; Regions with Territorial Plans. - Priority projects: legal review to transfer powers; update Regional Development Plans; grant tax revenues/collection rights; strengthen Local Development Fund; train local leaders; foster democratic control. - Indicators and targets: - Public spending by Communes in % of total public budget: 2005 1.5% ; 2012 100 - Local tax collection rate (on a 100 basis): 2005 10% ; 2012 300 ### Become a learning nation — strategic actions - Current reality: increased global engagement since 2002; need for more citizen learning. - Goals: "Madagascar will be a learning nation." - Strategies: learning networks, international missions, citizen training and participation, promote youth engagement. - Indicators: - Globalization Learning Index: 2005 To be developed ; 2012 To be developed ### Connected infrastructure — priority indicators and findings - Road rehabilitation in 2005: 8,982km rehabilitated or maintained. - Potential trade increase with proper infrastructure maintenance: 20% --- ### Develop and upgrade key transport interfaces (Toamasina Port, Ivato airport, corridors) - Major objectives: prioritize transport/infrastructure networks linked to tourism, mining and agriculture; reform Ministry from regulatory to enabling role; attract international firms and skill transfer. - Challenge 2 — Efficiently move goods and people: - Indicators: - New or rehabilitated national roads: 2005 = 7,800 Km; 2012 = 12,000 Km - New or rehabilitated rural roads: 2005 = 805 Km; 2012 = 5,700 Km - Regularly maintained national roads: 2005 = 977 Km; 2012 = 1,300 Km - Regularly maintained rural/gravel roads: 2005 = 12,000 Km; 2012 = 18,000 Km - Travellers: 2005 = 70% ; 2012 = 40% - Trade: 2005 = 80% ; 2012 = 55% - Challenge 3 — Improve access to transport services nationwide: - Percentage of communes with all-season road (base 1,557 communes): 2005 = 35% (i.e. 500 communes); 2012 = 64% (i.e. 1,000 communes) - Challenge 4 — Energy access and targets: - National electricity coverage: urban target 74% by 2011; rural target 10% by 2011. - Ratio of hydro energy production: 2005 = 64% ; 2012 = 76% - Electricity coverage of communes: 2005 = 4% ; 2012 = 10% - Ratio of energy production through renewable sources (other than hydro): 2005 = 0% ; 2012 = 3% - Challenge 5 — Communications: - Ratio of coverage in communes of quality postal services: 2005 = 39% ; 2012 = 65% - TV access: 2005 = 23% ; 2012 = 70% - FM Radio: 2005 = 28% ; 2012 = 70% - Composite Index of connection cost (index base 2005=100): 2005 = 100 ; 2012 = 70 - Challenge 6 — Weather forecasting: - Main user satisfaction ratio: 2005 = 25 ; 2012 = 80 - Number of operational weather stations (index base 2005=100): 2005 = 100 ; 2012 = 300 - Challenge 7 — Drinking water and sanitation: - Population with sustainable access to improved drinking water: 2005: 35% ; 2012: 65% - Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation: 2005: 54% ; 2012: 71% --- ### Water and Sanitation — projects and numeric targets - Build 6 000 water and sanitation infrastructures (drillings, pumps, conveyance systems and access terminals). - Build 27 000 latrines. - Build more community wells. - Set up community-managed integrated water system. - Promote Private Public Partnership. - Indicators (population with sustainable access): - Population with sustainable access to improved drinking water: - 2005: 35% - 2012: 65% - Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation: - 2005: 54% - 2012: 71% --- ### Educational Transformation — major commitments and numeric targets - Overarching commitment: "Create an education system with world class standards in quality and ineffectiveness." - Pre-school: - Percentage of children aged 3-5 years attending pre-school: - 2005: 5% - 2012: 20% - Communes with parental education program: 2005: 0% ; 2012: 100% - Primary education: - Primary education completion rates: - 2006: 57% - 2012: 85% - Percentage of students repeating class: - 2006: 20% - 2012: 10% - Pupils/teacher ratio: - 2006: 523.8% - 2012: 30–40 - Budget of education as a percentage GDP: - 2006: 54% - 2012: 6% - Budget of primary education in the total budget of education (recurring expenses): - 2012: 58% - Priority projects: construct at least 3,000 classrooms; train and recruit 7,000 new teachers per year; increase FRAM subsidy to 70% of civil servant teacher remuneration; school feeding in vulnerable zones; curriculum revision and textbooks distribution. - Lower secondary: - Enrolment rate in lower secondary school: - 2006: 31% - 2012: 60% - Completion rate for lower secondary school: - 2006: 19% - 2012: 56% - Priority: build 4,000 classrooms; recruit/train 4,400 teachers; create 22 colleges "of excellence". - Upper secondary and vocational: - Enrolment rate (age 15–18) in general upper secondary: - 2006: 9% - 2012: 18% - Completion rate in general upper secondary: - 2006: 7% - 2012: 14% - Numbers of vocational trainees per 100 000 inhabitants: - 2006: 350 - 2012: 700 - Rate of job entry for vocational trainees: - 2012: 80% - Tertiary education and research: - Number of students in tertiary education per 100 000 habitants: - 2006: 280 - 2012: 550 - Number of graduates from tertiary education per year: - 2006: 4,750 - 2012: 10,000 - Share of budget allocated to scientific research: - 2006: 0.05% - 2012: 0.10% - National program on research (Law): - 2006: 00 - 2012: 18 - Adult and youth literacy: - Literacy rate of adolescents/adults of more than 15 years: - 2006: 52% - 2012: 80% ### Alternative education and reintegration (11–17 years) - Priority projects/outputs: - Train 14 000 literacy agents per year - Produce and distribute 750 000 literacy materials per year - Build 570 classrooms per year for literacy programs (ASAMA) - Set up new literacy centres with nutrition and basic technical/vocational training - Indicators: - Literacy rate of adolescents/adults >15 years: 2006: 52% ; 2012: 80% - Percentage of new-literate pursuing further training: 2006: 20% ; 2012: 60% --- ### Health, Family Planning and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS — selected strategies and indicators - Overarching strategy: ensure health centers and referral hospitals staffed; decentralize financing and management; attract medical professionals to rural areas; build synergies between traditional and modern medicine. - Priority actions include redeploying midwives and nurses; continuous training; improve working conditions; mobile Health Centers; rehabilitate and equip Health Centers; quality control for drugs; introduce innovative financing (mutual insurance/social security). - Selected indicators (presented as table entries): - 2005: 49 20 55 - 2012: 70 50 65 - These correspond to: Percentage of new consultations using Basic Health Centers; Percentage of childbirth occurring in Basic Health Centers; Average life expectancy (order as presented). - CHALLENGE 2 — Eradication of major diseases: - Malaria: "As of 2006, more than 1 million bed nets have been distributed." - Indicators: - 2005: 1,234,520 17.57 26 24.2 - 2012: 320,000 99 0901 - (Number of presumed Malaria cases; Percentage of malaria mortality in hospitals (%); Percentage of cured patients on tuberculosis(%); Percentage of detected new case of tuberculosis; Percentage of syphilis among pregnant women — as per order presented) - CHALLENGE 3 — HIV/AIDS: - Current prevalence: "In 2006 ... estimated 0.95 % in the general population." - Goals: maintain prevalence below 1% and increase treatment coverage. - Indicators: - 2005: 0.95% Not available Not available - 2012: ‹ 0.8% M:45% F: 20% 90% - (Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women; Prevalence of condom use in high risk 15–24; Percentage of adults/children on ARV still alive 12 months after initiation) - CHALLENGE 4 — Family planning: - Current: 1,945 centers operational; unmet demand at least 24% who would use contraceptives if available. - Indicators: - 2005: 5.4 3.7 5 to 8 181545 - 2012: 3 33 to 5 30 45100 - (Total Fertility Rate; Fertility Rate – Urban; Fertility Rate – Rural; Contraceptive Prevalence Rate among population; Contraceptive Prevalence Rate among teenagers; Percentage of teenagers 15-24 having access to family planning information — order as presented) - CHALLENGE 5 — Reduce infant mortality: - Baseline infant mortality ratio: 2005: 94 (out of 1.000) - Targets and indicators: - 2005: 94 80 80 95.2 83.8 - 2012: 47 100 100 100 100 - (Ratio of infant mortality; Percentage of DTCP coverage; Percentage of children getting supplementary micronutriment; % one-year olds immunized against Tuberculosis; % one-year olds immunized against Measles) - CHALLENGE 6 — Reduce maternal and neonatal mortality: - Baseline indicators: - 2005: 469 32 - 2012: 273 17 - (Ratio of maternal mortality out of 100.000 living births; Ratio of neonatal mortality out of 1.000 living births) - CHALLENGE 7 — Nutrition and food security: - Indicators: - 2005: 42 65 - 2012: 28 48 - (Percentage of malnutrition among children under 5 years; Percentage of food insecurity among households) - CHALLENGE 8 — Safe water and hygienic practices: - Indicators: - 2005: 31 52 50 - 2012: 65 70 1,500 - (Percentage of coverage on safe water supply; Percentage coverage by sanitary infrastructure; Number of local communes with the WASH program) --- ### Commitment Six — High Growth Economy: macro and sectoral numeric baselines and targets - Overall objective: "growth rates reaching between 7% to 10% by 2012." - CHALLENGE 1 — Macroeconomic stability (priority indicators exact figures): - 2005: Annual Inflation rate (%) 11.4; Budget deficit (% of GDP) 4.3; Central Bank credit to government (% fiscal revenue of the last year) 102.9-11.78; Foreign currency reserves (in imports month) 1.44; Current account balance (% of GDP) 4.6; Total public debt (% of GDP) 22.5; Economic growth rate (%) 3.09; Investment rate (% of GDP) [309? — printed as 309] - 2012: Annual Inflation rate (%) 5.0; Budget deficit (% of GDP) 3.0; Central Bank credit to government (% fiscal revenue of the last year) 56-8.06; Foreign currency reserves (in imports month) 07 to 10; Current account balance (% of GDP) 304; Total public debt (% of GDP) 76; Economic growth rate (%) 0? ; Investment rate (% of GDP) 30; GDP per capita (USD) 47 6 - CHALLENGE 2 — Increase FDI: - 2005: Foreign Direct Investments (Millions US$) 84; Ranking in investment climate 131 - 2012: Foreign Direct Investments (Millions US$) 500; Ranking in investment climate 80 - CHALLENGE 3 — Promote full employment: - 2005: Active population 64.6% of total population; 82% of labor in agriculture. - Priority indicator: Number of enrolment in vocational schools (index base 2005=100): 2005 100 ; 2012 500 - CHALLENGE 4 — Reform banking and finance: - 2005: Private saving rate 12.1; Difference between credit and debit interest 8.2; Long term bank credit to private sector (% Total credit) 55.4 - 2012: Private saving rate 25.7; Difference between credit and debit interest 58 - CHALLENGE 5 — SMEs and handicraft: - 2005: Number of created enterprises 882; Share of informal sector in GDP 20 - 2012: Number of created enterprises 2,000; Share of informal sector in GDP 12 - CHALLENGE 6 — International trade competitiveness: - 2005: Increase of exports of goods (% of GDP) 16.7; Rate of coverage of imports by exports 65.5 - 2012: Increase of exports of goods (% of GDP) 22.3; Rate of coverage of imports by exports 83.8 - CHALLENGE 7 — Mining sector (selected figures): - 2007: Mining administration fees (millions US$) 1.58; Mineral royalties (millions US$) 0.168; Revenue from mineral exports (millions US$) 50 - 2012: Mining administration fees (millions US$) 1545; Mineral royalties (millions US$) 300; Revenue from mineral exports (millions US$) 300 - CHALLENGE 8 — Tourism (preserve exact figures): - Revenue generated by tourism (millions US$): 2005: 184 ; 2012: 577 - Number of direct jobs in tourism: 2005: 21,167 ; 2012: 40,100 - Number of tourists: 2005: 150,000 ; 2012: 500,000 --- ### Commitment Seven — Cherish the environment: conservation targets and indicators - Increase protected area from 1.7m hectares to 6m hectares; upgrade marine economic zone protection. - Key biodiversity indicators: - Representation rate of the habitats in the protected area system: 2005: 87% ; 2012: 87% - Mobilized capital amount: 2005: US$18,000,000 ; 2012: US$50,000,000 - Overall efficiency rate of protected areas: 2005: 51% ; 2012: 70% - Increase in number of tourists visiting protected areas per year: 2005: 106,600 ; 2012: 149,000 - Reduce natural resource degradation: - Number of developed sustainable use plans: 2005: 8 ; 2012: 21 - Percentage of household using alternative energies: 2005: 10% ; 2012: 25% - Rate of reduced burnt areas: 2005: 17% ; 2012: 70% - Reforested area: 2005: 360,000ha ; 2012: 540,000ha ### Promote the compatibility of investment with the environment (MECIE/SME/EES) - Specific institutional and enforcement target: - As of 2006 forest and environmental offenses ≈ 440 per year. Target: reduce to no more than 100. - Indicators (selected as presented): - Rate of processed complaint files: 2005: 75% ; 2012: 95% - Rate of MECIE subject investment: 2005: 30% ; 2012: 70% - Number of regional plans mainstreaming the environmental prescriptions: 2005: 95% ; 2012: 2290% - Mobilized forest/environment capital and administrative capacity indicators are presented in the source with exact figures to monitor progress. *Source: _cr0759 - excerpts and consolidated numeric indicators from the Madagascar Action Plan commitments and sectoral chapters provided in the source document.* ### 2. Achieve universal primary education. ### _cr0759 - 2. Achieve universal primary education. ### Millennium Development Goals excerpt (education, health, gender, environment, partnership) - Goal 2: "All children will complete primary school by 2015." - Goal 3: "Elimination of inequality of boys and girls at all levels ofeducation by 2015." - Goal 4: "Child mortality will be reduced by 2/3 by 2015." - Goal 5: "Reduce mortality of mothers by 1/2 by 2015." - Goal 6: "Containment and change of trend until 2015." - Goal 7: - "a) Strategies for sustainable development, protection of natural resources." - "b) Halve the population without access to drinking water and sanitation by 2015." - Goal 8: "Open trade and finance systems, access to markets,Debt Relief, jobs for young people, access to medicineat a fair price, and access to new technologies." ### MAP guiding values - Professionalism in All That We Do: "Everybody must work to achieve the bestprofessional standards." - Shared Leadership: "Leadership must be displayed at all levels of government andin all sectors of society." - Continuous Capacity Building: "We must be continuous learners and constantly work tostrengthen our skills and abilities and our institutionalcapabilities so that we can succeed." - Participation and Cooperation: "We will promote teamwork, participation and cooperationwith all the people, regions, communes, civil societyand donors." - Leverage Resources: "We must minimize waste and maximize gains to ensure thesmart and productive use of the nation’s resources." - Competitiveness: "Our educational system, civil service,and the private sector must be highly competitive." - Integrity: "Integrity, honesty, and trust are essential for a governmentto produce results." - The Will to Succeed: "We must be persistent, display initiative, and do what wecommit ourselves to do and we must get results!" ### Benefits of the MAP (stakeholder impacts) - For the People of Madagascar: "The MAP will create optimism and confidence in the future." - For the Malagasy Public Administration: "The MAP is there to empower and guide the civil service." - For National Investors and Local Companies: "The business community should feel confident that real andsustainable change is happening." - For International Investors: "International investors should feel confident and excitedabout investing in Madagascar." - For the Development Partners: "The donors should see Madagascar as a country committedto using resources wisely, responsibly and efficiently toorchestrate a real quantum leap." ### Immediate MAP priorities — Breakthrough Reform Initiatives (BRI) - Purpose: "urgent projects that require immediate attention, superior leadership, collaboration across ministries,and dedicated resources." - BRI 1: Public Finance Reform - Current: "Madagascar currently collects approximately 10% of its GDP from taxesand customs duties." - Target: "We will increase this figure to 15% by the year 2012." - Measures: "making dramaticchanges in the tax code (making it simple) and the taxadministrative process (making it more efficient, effective,and fair)." - Support: "With the support of the IMF and the World Bank,in the early part of 2007 we will conduct a thorough analysisof the tax code." - BRI 2: Significant Increase In Investment To Promote High Growth - Focus sectors: "Manufacturing, agri-business, mining, and tourism." - Actions: - "We will begin an international campaign to promote Madagascar as a place to invest." - "We will prioritize infrastructure projects to support key industries." - "We will provide appropriate incentives, regulations and policies to facilitate the attraction, growth and expansionof key sectors." - "We will provide access to land, establish a bold investment law, and create an effective arbitration system to enforce contracts, mediate disputes and ensure security of investments." - "We will address the impediments and establish a business climate that investors value." - BRI 3: Sow The Seeds Of A Green Revolution - Objective: "ensure there is no hunger but an abundance of food that can meet domestic needs and also be used for export purposes." - Baseline: "As of 2006, Madagascar was an importer of rice." - Outcome target: "Over the next few years Madagascar willbecome an exporter of rice and other crops." - Measures: "ensure that the needed seeds, fertilizers, and training are provided to the farmers, and new cooperative processes are established." - BRI 4: Transform Public Security - Problems: "dahalo (cattle rustlers) ... smuggling of precious stones and timber, and illegal fishing." - Goal: "transform our security systemto ensure that Madagascar is a safe and secure place to live,farm, travel, invest, and conduct business." - BRI 5: Implement Bold New Measures For Health And Family Planning - Population issues: "In some rural areas there are 7 to 10children per household." - Family planning: "Contraceptives and birth controladvice will be made available to reduce the size of theaverage family." - Malaria: "As of 2006 only half of the population is protected when they sleep by bed nets." - Commitment: "We have launched the Malaria Project to ensure that within 2 years every person has a bed net." - HIV/AIDS: "As of 2006, only 1% of the population was infected with the AIDSvirus, as compared with 30% in South Africa." - Response: "We have begun to put in place a “best practice” strategy on HIV/AIDS policy." - BRI 6: Transform The Judiciary - Reforms: "commercial courts, sentencing guidelines and prisonsystem - to ensure that the people and investors have completeconfidence and trust in the system." ### Human building blocks (capacity, mindset, integrity, skills, mobilization) - 1. Develop Leadership Capacity - Actions: "actively seek out and reward “top performers” andput them in important positions of responsibility." - Institution: "National Leadership Institute of Madagascar ... will provide training and coaching ... for ministers, secretarygenerals, director generals, chef de region, chef de district,youth leaders, civil society leaders and business leaders." - 2. Change Mindsets And Habits - Aim: "modify or even discard" practices that impede progress through "listening, dialogue, encouragement and learning." - 3. Fight Corruption - Approach: "zero tolerance" and "promote a value shift in government and society." - 4. Increase Know-how - Strategy: "use international experts to coach and train locals, attract moreoverseas Malagasy back home, and send more Malagasies totraining programs and courses - in the country and abroad." - 5. Mobilize People And Resources - Three primary actions: 1. "We must actively seek donor support and assistance - not just from the main donors, but increasingly more from bilateral donors and international foundations." 2. "We eventually want to become self-sufficient and reduce our dependency on donors, therefore we must ensurethat our national assets and resources are managed ina way to ensure maximum financial benefits for the country." 3. "We will make genuine reforms in the tax regime and customs to allow us to significantly increase governmentrevenues that can then fund our social programs in health,education, security, and rural development." ### New institutions created (2006) - The National Leadership Institute of Madagascar (NLIM) - Purpose: "provide cutting-edge training to buildleadership capacity at all levels of government and for allsectors of society." - Coordination: "operate hand in hand with ENAM (the National School for Public Administration)." - The Economic Development Board Of Madagascar (EDBM) - Purpose: "facilitate and promoteprivate domestic and foreign investment." - Mandate: "ensure that the business climate of Madagascaris attractive for companies and conducive for the success ofprivate enterprises." ### MAP implementation system (planning, donors, monitoring) - Structure: - "The National Vision" and "the United Nations MillenniumDevelopment Goals" as basis. - "The MAP five year plan" operationalized in "National Programs – health, education,security, transport, etc." - "Annual Planning" via "The Politique Generale de lètat andthe national budget." - "Donor Coordination" through "an annual Donor’s Conferenceand sector meetings." - "Monitoring & Feedback" mechanisms to "evaluate progressand make adjustments and mid-course corrections as needed." ### The 8 MAP commitments (summarized targets and sectors) - Connected Infrastructure: "build quality roads,railroads, ports, airports, andinformation technology systems." - Educational Transformation: "create an educationsystem with world class standards in quality and ineffectiveness." - Responsible Governance: "a government that every citizen and the international community can trust." - Rural Development and a Green Revolution: "agri-business centers ... irrigation, seeds,fertilizer and storage facilities." - Health, Family Planning and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS: "malnutrition andmalaria will be brought to a halt... safe drinking water willbecome accessible ... average size of the Malagasy family will be reduced." - Cherish the Environment: "become a 'green island' again." - National Solidarity: "forge a strong, unified national identity thathonors the multitude of cultures and traditions." - High Growth Economy: "growth rates reaching between 7% and 10% by 2012." ### Commitment One — Responsible Governance: security challenge - Current reality: "Madagascar is a safe country, however in some parts of the country, criminal activities persist." - Problems highlighted: - "Zebu and crop theft still exist in many areas." - "Illegal trafficking in fish, gemstones, gold and timber is of serious concern." - "Drug crops thrive in limited areas, feeding smuggling and urban crime." - Data point: "In 2005, about 5,700 Dahalo (cattle thieves) were arrested, an increase of 15% compared to the previous year." - Goals: 1. "Madagascar will be a safe country to live in, to travel in and to invest in." 2. "All red zones will be clean areas and zebu theft will be significantly diminished." 3. "Urban crime will be under control and brought back to an acceptable level." - Strategy excerpt: "Review current system, adopt best practices, train and develop security forces in improved methodologies." *Source: _cr0759 - 2. Achieve universal primary education.* ### 2. Align the mission of the security forces to national and ### _cr0759 - 2. Align the mission of the security forces to national and ### Align the mission of the security forces to national and regional needs - Objectives and actions: - Align security forces’ mission to national and regional needs and mobilize resources to support the mission. - Increase the surveillance of national coasts and strengthen customs offices and security forces to secure borders. - Rationalize institutions, improve and reinforce coordination between security institutions and civil institutions. - Priority activities: - Identify, obtain, use and maintain new resources, transport and communication equipment, and weapons to prevent and pursue criminal activity, and protect economic zones. - Implement new and transparent methods of motivation and rotation and improve capacity and integrity of security forces. - Train and develop local “dina” to ensure effectiveness and consistency in the application of the law. - Restructure the Zebu industry (ranching and trading) to minimize corruption and theft. - Stop illegal trafficking of Madagascar’s natural resources. - Indicators: - Crime rate: number of crimes (per 1,000 citizens) - Number of red districts (high Zebu theft and crime): out of 111 Districts - Surveillance of territorial waters and exclusive economic zones - Country-level indicator datapoints: 2005 4.26117% ; 2012 2.6060% ### Strengthen rule of law - Current reality (summarized): - Since 2004, judiciary reform accelerated about 60,000 pending penal cases; judges appointed in all courts; Code of Deontology adopted and magistrates trained. Parts of the judiciary remain perceived as corrupt; many laws and regulations do not address current needs. - Goals: - Widespread reform of the judicial system to ensure equity, fairness and due process. - Trials will be transparent, fair and rapid. - Legislation will address the needs of rapid development and facilitate a well functioning society. - The United Nations’ Human Rights Charter will be respected. - No prisoner will be detained in jail for more than one year without a sentence (30 days for minor offences). - Humane living conditions in accord with the standards monitored by the International Red Cross will be guaranteed in all prisons. - Strategies: - Establish credibility and independence of judges by ensuring their integrity. - Increase transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of the legal system, and reform laws. - Distinguish effectively between big and minor cases; develop fast track procedures for minor offences. - Improve living conditions in prisons. - Develop educational rehabilitation systems as alternatives to prison for child and adolescent offenders. - Priority projects and actions: - Enhance penalties for corruption by members of the judiciary. - Continue reform of laws; establish simplified court procedures to ensure transparency and rapidity of trials. - Continue the catching up program of pending cases. - Review laws and regulations by an independent committee including EDBM. - Strengthen observation, monitoring and protection of human rights by the national commission and the Ombudsman. - Change laws so detainees do not spend more than one year without trial in prison (30 days for minor offences). - Enhance funding to improve medical and hygiene conditions in prisons and establish efficient penal camps to ensure sufficient nutrition for prisoners. - Create educational and rehabilitation system for child/adolescent offenders. - Indicators and target datapoints: - Rule of Law indicator released yearly by the World Bank (on a basis of 100): 2005 45 ; 2012 100 - Trial timeliness (on a basis of 100): 2005 10.2% ; 2012 33/67 - Share of judiciary annual budget in the total budget: 2005 Poor ; 2012 Low - Ratio convicted vs prisoners waiting trial: 2005 60 ; 2012 66.2.6%60/40 - Assessment of conditions in prisons by the International Red Cross: Public satisfaction with Judicial System: 2005 Good ; 2012 High ### Reduce corruption - Current reality: - In 2003 the High Council Against Corruption (CSLCC), now CSI, and BIANCO were established; anti-corruption legislation adopted. Transparency International perception improved from 1.7 in 2003 to 2.8 in 2005 (out of 10), but corrupt practices persist. - Goals: - Substantially reduce corruption through changes in values, mindsets and enforcement of the Code of Conduct. - Increase confidence that people and companies will be rightly and fairly treated by courts, public administration (customs, tax, land tenure) and security forces. - Strategies: - Shift values from self-interest to community and national interest. - Reduce circumstances and practices favourable to corruption. - Enforce severe punishments for violators. - Raise public awareness on corruption and good governance practices. - Priority projects and activities: - Ensure implementation of the Code of Conduct by all public servants. - Simplify procedures and install better controlling systems for crucial administrative functions. - Pass new laws to strengthen watchdog roles by non-government entities and protect whistleblowers. - Increase funding of anti-corruption institutions. - Strengthen and control asset declaration by ministers, members of Parliament, magistrates, general secretaries, chefs de regions, chefs de districts, mayors, directors of projects and other senior officials. - Train authorities for improved efficiency, integrity and accountability. - Indicators and targets: - Corruption perception index of Transparency International: 2005 2.8 ; 2012 3.6% - Proportion of average expenditure by households on bribery for public services (Source: annual survey by CSI): 2005 5.0 ; 2012 1.5% ### Establish an efficient and effective government budgetary process - Current reality: - In 2006 the budgetary system was simplified and coordinated with SIGFP. Donor support via budgetary aid and debt relief occurred, but public resources remain insufficient due to exemptions, exonerations and poor management; spending allocation, procedures and control are partially inadequate. - Goals: - Tax and customs laws, regulations and procedures will provide sufficient revenues for quality public services. - Allocation of public resources will be established through negotiations among ministries, regions and communes before parliamentary decision. - Budget formulation and actual spending will follow good governance principles. - Strategies: - Enforce law and regulations of tax and customs. - Improve transparency and control of public finance and budget spending. - Maximize revenues from tax collection and rational use of national assets. - Reduce wastage and ensure efficient resource allocation. - Priority projects and activities: - Complete public finance reform to coordinate all finance systems. - Increase efficiency of revenue and expenditure control mechanisms and merge controlling institutions. - Review and harmonize policies, laws and regulations on taxes, rights and royalties. - Improve the tax and royalty collection system. - Establish a trust fund to manage revenues from national assets. - Put public finance information online to ensure transparency and accountability. - Ensure implementation of the new Code of Public Tender. - Indicators and targets: - Fiscal Pressure (Fiscal revenue/GDP): 2005 10% ; 2012 6-15% - PEFA Index (Public Expenditures and Finance Accountability): 2005 20 ; 2012 All - The share of voted budget devoted to social sector actually spent: 2005 (no numeric baseline shown) ; 2012 (target outlines) ### Strengthen the provision of public services - Current reality: - Reforms in customs, civil service and training institutions undertaken; Administration Efficiency Reform Programme (PREA) set up; e-governance started. Administration still needs updating for timeliness, cost, proximity and professionalism. - Goals: - A professional and competent administration delivering fast, cooperative and quality services. - Strategies: - Thorough reform of public service: goals, strategy, structure, systems, staff, skills and remuneration. - Priority projects and activities: - Set up a performance-based motivation system (salary, merit promotion, performance appraisal, incentives and benefits). - Simplify procedures for administrative functions with high public interaction. - Adopt and implement reforms related to e-services, e-administration and e-participation. - Strengthen leadership capacity of all mid to senior level executives. - Build technical and managerial skills of all public servants. - Indicators and targets: - World Bank Public Service indicator: 2005 30 ; 2012 100 - Timeliness of procedures (baseline 100): 2005 60 ; 2012 66 ### Decentralize government administration - Current reality: - Creation of 22 new Regions in 2004 brought decision-making closer to people. Several laws passed to strengthen Communes and Regions; administrators trained. Policy making and administration remain concentrated centrally as of 2006. - Goals: - Communes and Regions will have authority and resources to address local and regional needs; Regions will have Territorial Plans to prioritize growth areas and resource allocation. - Strategies: - Strengthen Regional Development Plans with sound analysis of regional realities, needs and potentials. - Improve capacity of Regions and Communes to productively address local and regional matters. - Improve political and legal position of Regions and Communes in decision-making and execution. - Priority projects and activities: - Review laws and regulations to transfer more power and responsibility to Communes and Regions. - Update Regional Development Plans through Territorial Planning, including imaging and spatial analysis using cartographic tools. - Pass laws and reforms to give Communes and Regions more tax revenues and the right of tax collection. - Develop and strengthen the Local Development Fund to improve management of resources and funding of Communes. - Create forums and training programs to support Chefs de Region, Chef de District and Mayors. - Foster democratic control and beneficiary involvement in local public institutions governance. - Indicators and targets: - Public spending by Communes in % of total public budget: 2005 1.5% ; 2012 100 - Local tax collection rate (on a 100 basis): 2005 10% ; 2012 300 ### Become a learning nation - Current reality: - Since 2002 Madagascar opened significantly to the global environment; students abroad and international engagement increased. More citizen participation in learning is needed for globalization opportunities and threats. - Goals: - Madagascar will be a learning nation; knowledge actively pursued locally and abroad to support rapid development. - Strategies: - Create learning networks throughout the country. - Send missions abroad and call for international expertise to study and implement best practices. - Develop mechanisms for citizen training and participation in governance. - Priority projects and activities: - Identify and promote best practice success stories within Madagascar. - Identify and learn from national and international best practices in all areas of government and communities. - Encourage values of experimentation, risk-taking and action learning. - Generate forums for sharing information, engaging in dialogue and contributing to policy formulation. - Promote learning and engagement of youth in public problem solving. - Encourage learning practices including active citizen participation and dialogue. - Indicators: - Globalization Learning Index: 2005 To be developed ; 2012 To be developed ### Connected infrastructure — prioritize infrastructure development for key growth areas - Current reality: - Since 2002 road building and rehabilitation major activity; in 2005 8,982km of roads were rehabilitated or maintained. Progress in railways, ports and airports mostly rehabilitation. Studies suggest overall trade in Madagascar could be 20% higher with proper maintenance of infrastructure. - Goals: - Ensure all key growth areas have good access to the transport network. - Define clear infrastructure priorities with regard to full economic return on investment; treat transport as investment. - Provide active assistance to high growth industries to access necessary infrastructure quickly. - Involve private sector as partners in strategic planning and development. - Improve capacity and quality of construction and operation companies. - Promote private-public partnerships. - Strategies: - Formulate and implement a strategic national infrastructure development program which can flexibly respond to fast changing global and national needs. - Priority projects and activities: - Formulate and implement a strategic national infrastructure development program based on supporting a high growth economy. - Upgrade existing port facilities, including major extension of Toamasina Port to accommodate large capacity vessels. - Establish a National Transport Council of key private sector CEOs chaired by the Minister to provide strategic direction. - Create a new international airport with integrated industrial and warehousing zone and develop other key international airports in other regions. - Complete upgrade and maintenance of the Fianarantsoa to Coast (FCE) and Northern Rail Line. - Build a transport network to connect all key growth areas with necessary infrastructure. - Establish a new area in the Ministry specifically focused on supporting major investments and work with EDBM to support economic development zones. - Indicator datapoints: - Road rehabilitation in 2005: 8,982km rehabilitated or maintained. - Potential trade increase with proper infrastructure maintenance: 20% *Source: The Madagascar Action Plan — Commitment 1 and Commitment 2 (excerpts) from _cr0759 - 2. Align the mission of the security forces to national and* ### 2. Develop and upgrade key transport interfaces (eg. ### _cr0759 - 2. Develop and upgrade key transport interfaces (eg. ### Major themes and objectives - Develop and upgrade key transport interfaces (eg. Toamasina Port and Ivato airport) surrounding economic development zones and ensure regional development needs are addressed. - Prioritize development of transport and infrastructure networks and corridors linked to economic growth engines including tourism, mining and agriculture. - Reform the Ministry and agencies to shift from a “regulatory” to an “enabling” organization which is user-focused and a sponsor of business investment and economic growth. - Ensure funding priorities reflect the full economic and efficiency return to the nation. - Increase capacity to build infrastructure by attracting high quality international firms to complete major projects and provide skill transfer and training. ### Challenge 2 — Efficiently move goods and people from one place to another Current reality findings: - Significant focus on construction of rural roads and key major routes; planning needs better focus on transport “network” with major transport corridors. - Need to integrate all means of transport into the national system and significantly improve multimodal connections. - Supply chain management practices are undeveloped; can be improved by better information and communication throughout the chain. Goals: - A culture of supply chain management throughout the industry will exist which actively seeks continuous improvement and effective use of new technologies. - There will be a thriving competitive environment for transport services which has a reputation for reliability and service. - We will efficiently move goods and people rather than just the physical infrastructure. - We will have a sustainable transport system keenly aware of its social, environmental and economic impact. Strategies: - Transition to a supply chain and integrated logistics approach which is responsive to changing demands. - Increase competition to provide affordable transport both within and between modes of transport. - Develop a national and global reputation for reliability and service. - Address inefficient subsidies. - Develop solutions for improved economic and environmental impact through reducing congestion and inefficiencies. - Facilitate an Open Skies policy that increases the number of destinations, encourages competition and reduces the cost of air transport. - Establish a training system for project management, logistic and supply chain management, and infrastructure construction and operation. Priority projects (selected): - Completion of key transport corridors constituting the backbone of the national system including: - North-East corridor from Toamasina to Maroantsetra - North corridor from Diego to Antananarivo - South-East corridor from Fianarantsoa to Fort Dauphin - South corridor from Ihosy to Fort Dauphin - South corridor from Antsiranana to Fort Dauphin - West corridor from Morondava to Antananarivo - Rehabilitate the internal canal to make it navigable for trade and transport including dredging as required. - Review all subsidies with a view to eliminating them unless strong justification can be provided. - Eliminate all obstacles to full Open Skies policy as soon as possible. - Improve multimode infrastructure (bus stations, railway stations, airports). - Improve safety through education and operationalization of the National Program for Safety and Transportation (Programme National de Sécurité et de Transports). Indicators (as presented): - New or rehabilitated national roads: 2005 = 7,800 Km; 2012 = 12,000 Km - New or rehabilitated rural roads: 2005 = 805 Km; 2012 = 5,700 Km - Regularly maintained national roads: 2005 = 977 Km; 2012 = 1,300 Km - Regularly maintained rural/gravel roads: 2005 = 12,000 Km; 2012 = 18,000 Km - Travellers: 2005 = 70% ; 2012 = 40% - Trade: 2005 = 80% ; 2012 = 55% - Rates of satisfaction of the users in terms of quality of services per means of transport (comfort criteria, safety, time, regularity v/s cost): (no numeric values provided beyond the table headings) ### Challenge 3 — Improve access to transport services nationwide Current reality findings: - Maintenance needs higher priority due to large annual losses of existing infrastructure, especially roads. - Number of isolated areas fell from 59% in 2003 to 33% in 2005. - Only about 600 of the 1,557 communes have access to regular transport (i.e. 10-12 months of the year). Goals: - Effective high quality national transport network for both urban and rural areas. - Expand maintenance programs with emphasis on maximizing the total volume of usable infrastructure. - Explore alternative forms of transport to connect remote areas. - Increase use of local materials and human resources and provide training. Strategies: - Manage existing infrastructure as a national asset requiring maintenance and investment. - Rehabilitation of key transport corridors and infrastructures which have fallen into disrepair including canals and remote airstrips. - Investigate alternative transport technologies for linking remote areas. - Encourage alternative forms of transport which use low-cost energy or energy produced locally. - Develop technologies and practices that use local materials, labor and competencies. Priority projects: - Formulate and implement a strategic national infrastructure development program based on supporting a high growth economy. - Commence rehabilitation of remote airstrips to form a network in isolated rural areas. - Expand training opportunities to increase the capacity of the transport sector to operate efficiently and profitably. - Explore and expand alternative transport systems to link remote areas. - Construct new major road axes which can operate sustainably and profitably. Indicators: - Percentage of communes with accessibility to all-season road all yearlong (base 1,557 communes): 2005 = 35% (i.e. 500 communes); 2012 = 64% (i.e. 1,000 communes) - Cost of transport services as a percentage of household expenditure: 2005 = To be determined; 2012 = To be determined ### Challenge 4 — Ensure accessible and adequate energy supply at affordable and competitive cost Current reality findings: - National electricity coverage rate around 15% with rural access lower than 5%. - Price of oil more than doubled between 2001 and 2005. - Thermal production rose from 21% of total power generation in 1997 to 35% by 2004. - As of 2006, JIRAMA not structured to meet increasing demand due to lack of finance, old equipment, inadequate management; significant reforms underway. - JIRAMA announced that throughout 2007 all major power consumption centers will be equipped with new power stations meeting anticipated demand growth for the next 3 to 5 years. Goals: - All urban and rural areas will have access to reliable, sustainable and affordable electricity including increased urban coverage of 74% by 2011 and rural coverage of 10% by 2011. - Competition in the electricity sector and development of Public Private Partnerships. - Sufficient supply to meet all new connections especially for high growth investments. - Increased use of alternative and/or renewable energy sources including hydro, solar, wind, wave, coal, gas and bio energies to reduce dependence on oil products. Strategies: - Formulate and implement a strategic national energy development plan responsive to changing demands. - Seriously explore IPP (Independent Power Producer) investment to lower cost of electricity generation. - Restructure and reform JIRAMA. - Rehabilitate and introduce new generator capacity. - Prioritise electricity supply to key industrial estates and high economic growth engines including tourism, mining and agriculture. - Explore alternative sources of energy production focused on using local resources such as hydroelectricity. Priority projects and targets: - Restructure JIRAMA to become a reliable and efficient producer and distributor of energy. - Increase capacity of electricity production through: - new thermal generator using oil with 40 MW - a third generator in Andekaleka - accelerated development of new hydroelectric station from Lily to Ampefy - Set up Independent Power Producers: - 5 hydroelectric station with 75 MW - new thermal generator using Fuel oil with 80 MW - Extend access to electricity in rural, semi urban area and high economic growth areas. - Reduce negative environmental effects on forestry resources, especially use of charcoal. - Promote and use alternative and/or renewable sources of energy (eg: jatropha, ethanol). Indicators (as presented): - Ratio of hydro energy production: 2005 = 64% ; 2012 = 76% - Electricity coverage of communes: 2005 = 4% ; 2012 = 10% - Composite index on energy price trends: 2005 = To be determined ; 2012 = To be determined - Ratio of energy production through renewable sources (other than hydro): 2005 = 0% ; 2012 = 3% - Average households expenditure on energy: 2005 = To be determined ; 2012 = To be determined - Energy unit price (kwh) to business: 2005 = To be determined ; 2012 = To be determined ### Challenge 5 — Ensure efficient and affordable communication system Current reality findings: - 2003-2005 saw strong growth in fixed and mobile telephones, expansion of telecommunications network, growth in internet use and access to financial postal services. - In 2005, only 8% of communes were connected by telephone and internet services; majority via satellite with inadequate capacity and high costs. - In 2005, only 23% of communes had access to television and 39% were covered by the mail service. Goals: - All urban and rural areas covered by a reliable, accessible, affordable communication system. - Businesses able to communicate throughout the country. - Improved information flow to regions via better access to radio and TV services. - Promote partnerships with private sector to provide new and better infrastructure. Strategies: - Reduce high cost of mobile phone and international calls. - Increase competition between mobile operators. - Develop wider access to ITC (Information – Technology - Communications). - Implement a national information technology action plan. - Expand phone coverage throughout the nation. - Expand postal coverage throughout the nation, including financial services. - Improve TV and radio media coverage. Priority projects: - Connect Madagascar into an international optical fibre network. - Develop access to telecommunications services including ITC and Internet. - Set up a national backbone system that includes fibre optic network associated with major infrastructure projects (eg. roads). - Create new ITC centers in each region (technopoles). - Improve distribution and dispatching of postal services. - Modernize radio and television infrastructure and services based on new technologies. - Liberalize the telecommunication sector. - Implement Voice over IP for all. - Replace the national regulator OMERT by a new regulator ARTEC. Indicators: - Percentage of population with mobile phones: 2005 = To be determined ; 2012 = To be determined - Ratio of coverage in communes of quality postal services (public and private): 2005 = 39% ; 2012 = 65% - Ratio of coverage of communes with access to radio and television broadcast and services: TV: 2005 = 23% ; 2012 = 70% ; FM Radio: 2005 = 28% ; 2012 = 70% - Composite Index of connection cost (index base 2005=100): 2005 = 100 ; 2012 = 70 ### Challenge 6 — Better weather forecasting and warnings of potential disasters such as cyclones Current reality findings: - Madagascar frequently hit by cyclones, storms and heavy rains causing damage to villages, infrastructure and crops. - Weather forecasting system needs improved reliability, accuracy, access and timeliness. Goals: - Weather forecast will be timely and more accurate. - Awareness, access and distribution of reliable and relevant information on weather forecasts across the nation will be improved. Strategies: - Expand and modernize the national weather observation network. - Establish a national weather forecast information system and extend weather forecasts to regions. - Promote regional and international cooperation on meteorological issues, especially major events such as cyclones. - Provide specialised services for industries such as agribusiness. Priority projects: - Standardize the national observation networks with adequate and automated equipment. - Reform the system of weather forecasting through establishing a national code. - Explore specialized services demand. - Connect to international and regional meteorological forecast networks. Indicators: - Main user satisfaction ratio: 2005 = 25 ; 2012 = 80 - Reliability of forecasts: 2005 = Low ; 2012 = High - Number of operational weather stations (index base 2005=100): 2005 = 100 ; 2012 = 300 ### Challenge 7 — Substantially improve access to drinking water and sanitation Current reality findings: - As of 2006, only 35% of the population has access to safe drinking water. - Majority of people rely on rivers, wells and springs; flow unreliable and often unsanitary resulting in diarrhoeal diseases. Goal: - By 2012, 65% of the population will have easy access to safe hygienic drinking water and basic sanitary condition. Strategy: - Develop and implement Water and Sanitation National Program to cover all aspects of water supply and usage including safe drinking water, water tables, irrigation, industrial uses, environmental protection and sewerage systems. *This summary is based solely on the provided content from the source document.* ### 2. Build more community wells.3. Set up community-managed integrated water system.4. Promote Private Public Partnership. ### _cr0759 - 2. Build more community wells.3. Set up community-managed integrated water system.4. Promote Private Public Partnership. ### Water and Sanitation — Goals, Projects, and Indicators - Goals / Priority activities: - Decentralize water and sanitation project management. - Build 6 000 water and sanitation infrastructures including drillings, pumps and water conveyance systems and access terminals. - Build 27 000 latrines. - Build more community wells. - Set up community-managed integrated water system. - Promote Private Public Partnership. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Water and Sanitation - Indicators (population with sustainable access): - Population with sustainable access to improved drinking water: - 2005: 35% - 2012: 65% - Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation: - 2005: 54% - 2012: 71% ### Educational Transformation — Overarching Commitment and Strategy - Commitment summary: - Create an education system with world class standards in quality and in effectiveness, stimulating creativity and providing Madagascar with necessary human resources for competitiveness and international integration. - Core strategies (selected highlights across levels): - Ensure access of all children to developmental opportunities before school entry (pre-school expansion, parental education, teacher training, sustainable financing, nutrition programs). - Create a successful primary education system (extend primary cycle to 7 years, build classrooms, recruit teachers, revise curricula, school feeding, reduce parental financial burden). - Create successful lower secondary and upper secondary systems (infrastructure, teacher recruitment and training, curriculum revision, private-sector partnerships, vocational training expansion). - Transform higher education (transition to LMD system, doctoral programs, accreditation and monitoring, distance learning, research policy and support funds). - Intensify literacy education activities to reduce adult and adolescent illiteracy. ### Pre-school — Projects, Leaders, Targets, Indicators - Goals: - All children between 0 and 5 years will receive care and support for development through parental education. - Pre-school enrolment rate at least 20%. - Trained and motivated pre-school teachers; local authorities and communities to support pre-school centres. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Population - Priority projects / activities (selected): - Train community workers to conduct parental education workshops. - Set up legal and institutional framework for pre-school education. - Involve communities through awareness raising and consultations. - Train and recruit teachers on a two-year contract. - Set up sustainable financing schemes: initially subsidize local communities; long run self-financed system. - Develop appropriate curricula coherent with first year of primary school. - Indicators: - Percentage of children aged 3-5 years attending pre-school: - 2005: 5% - 2012: 20% - The number of communes that have a parental education program: - 2005: 0% - 2012: 100% ### Primary Education — Projects, Targets, Indicators - Goals (selected): - All Malagasy children provided with 7 years of primary education. - Consolidation and sustainability of knowledge and literacy. - Reduce disparities by gender, social category, region, urban/rural. - Increase completion rate from 57% to 95%. - Priority projects / activities (selected): - Construct at least 3,000 classrooms. - Train and recruit 7,000 new teachers per year. - Increase subsidy of parent teachers (FRAM) to reach 70% of the remuneration of civil servant teachers. - Create sustainable school feeding activities in vulnerable zones. - Review and rewrite the curricula; produce and distribute new textbooks and teaching tools. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Education - Indicators (in the order presented): - Primary education completion rates: - 2006: 57% - 2012: 85% - Percentage of students repeating class: - 2006: 20% - 2012: 10% - Pupils/teacher ratio: - 2006: 523.8% - 2012: 30–40 - Budget of education as a percentage GDP: - 2006: 54% - 2012: 6% - Budget of primary education in the total budget of education (recurring expenses): - 2006: (value shown) — (in indicator line: 54% corresponds to prior item; final item for 2012 shown as 58%) - 2012: 58% ### Lower Secondary Education — Projects, Targets, Indicators - Goals (selected): - By 2012, develop an excellent lower secondary school system and significantly increase enrolment and completion; ensure relevance to economic needs. - Priority projects / activities (selected): - Build 4,000 classrooms for lower secondary schools. - Recruit and train 4,400 new teachers. - Create 22 colleges “of excellence” - one in each Region. - Revise curricula and produce related textbooks; train teachers and principals; build libraries and provide scientific equipment. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Education - Indicators: - Enrolment rate in lower secondary school (college): - 2006: 31% - 2012: 60% - Completion rate for lower secondary school: - 2006: 19% - 2012: 56% ### Upper Secondary and Vocational Training — Projects, Targets, Indicators - Goals (selected): - Double number of students entering and completing general and technical secondary school. - Make technical and professional secondary education more important to meet labor market needs. - Vocational training centres to provide 90% of newly opened technical and professional positions. - Private sector active in vocational training development. - Priority projects / activities (selected): - Build and rehabilitate 1,200 classrooms for general upper secondary schools. - Recruit and train new teachers; revise curricula; create ICT centres; create technical and vocational training centres for priority sectors. - Set up National Training Authority and performance-based grant system for professional training. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Education - Indicators (in the order presented): - Enrolment rate (percentage of young people in the age range of 15 – 18 years registered in secondary school) in the general upper secondary school: - 2006: 9% - 2012: 18% - Completion rate (percentage of young people in the age range of 15 – 18 years finishing secondary school) in the general upper secondary school: - 2006: 7% - 2012: 14% - Numbers of vocational trainees per 100 000 inhabitants: - 2006: 350 - 2012: 700 - Rate of job entry for vocational trainees: - 2006: To be determined - 2012: 80% ### Tertiary Education and Research — Projects, Targets, Indicators - Current reality summary: - Tertiary enrolment rate low at 3% (260 students per 100,000 inhabitants); weak match between programs and employer needs; need for major reform. - Goals (selected): - Ensure competitiveness, creativity, employability of graduates. - Align scientific and technological research with socio-economic development needs. - Improve governance of public universities; develop high-quality private universities and technical institutes. - Priority projects / activities (selected): - Modernize university management through computerization. - Support transition to LMD system; establish doctoral programs; set up accreditation and monitoring; create distance learning and digital library; transform selected institutions to centres of excellence. - Develop and implement national policy of research; set up Support Funds for Scientific research. - Project leader: - Minister responsible for Education - Indicators (in the order presented): - Number of students in tertiary education per 100 000 habitants: - 2006: 280 - 2012: 550 - Number of graduates from tertiary education per year: - 2006: 4,750 - 2012: 10,000 - Share of budget allocated to scientific research: - 2006: 0.05% - 2012: 0.10% - National program on research (Law): - 2006: 00 - 2012: 18 - Numbers of centres of excellency: - 2006: To be determined - 2012: To be determined - Numbers of research outcome applied: - 2006: To be determined - 2012: To be determined ### Adult and Youth Literacy — Current Reality, Goals, Strategy - Current reality: - As of 2006 approximately 48% of the population 15 year old and above are illiterate. - More than 1 million young people from 11 to 17 years are illiterate. - Goal: - Reach the Millennium Development Goal of halving the illiteracy rate of adolescents and adults from its level in 1990 to 2015. - Strategy (selected): - Intensify literacy education activities outside the regular school programs to target young and adult illiterate. *Source: _cr0759 - 2. Build more community wells.3. Set up community-managed integrated water system.4. Promote Private Public Partnership.* ### 2. To provide specific curricula to 11 – 17 years old young ### _cr0759 - 2. To provide specific curricula to 11 – 17 years old young ### Goals and strategic objectives - Provide specific curricula to 11 – 17 years old young illiterate people to allow them to catch up with the regular school programs, particularly through ASAMA activities (alternative education). - Carry out large campaign of awareness raising on fight against illiteracy. - Develop a national strategy to reintegrate out-of-school children into the formal sector by providing literacy and life-skills training and counselling. ### Priority projects, activities, and outputs - Train 14 000 literacy agents per year - Produce and distribute 750 000 literacy materials per year - Build 570 classrooms per year for literacy program outside regular school system such as Asama - Set up new literacy centres and broaden their activities: nutrition program, basic technical and vocational training program - Implement national strategy to reintegrate out-of-school children into formal sector ### Project leadership - Minister responsible for Literacy (listed for each priority project and activity) ### Indicators and targets - Literacy rate of adolescents/adults of more than 15 years: - 2006: 52% - 2012: 80% - Percentage of new-literate having pursued further trainings such as technical and vocational: - 2006: 20% - 2012: 60% *Madagascar Action Plan — Commitment 3: Educational Transformation (excerpt).* ### 2. We will have an educated population which understands ### 2. We will have an educated population which understands and uses quality health services and treatment options. ### Strategies - 1. Ensure all existing health centers and first referral hospitals are staffed by medically qualified professionals who can provide the basic package of services. - 2. Ensure rural areas have access to medical care. - 3. Attract more medical professionals to rural areas by providing appropriate incentives such as improved housing. - 4. Ensure medical graduates are attracted to work in the medical field. - 5. Decentralize the management and the system of health financing and decision making at Regional and Commune level. - 6. Implement a national policy of contracts for public, private, medical, para-medical and other human resources. - 7. Build synergies between traditional medicines and modern practices. ### Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Contract and redeploy midwives and nurses for all Basic Health Centers to established standards (level 1 and 2) - 2. Revitalize continuous training at all levels with special priority for initial training of midwives and paramedical - 3. Improve working conditions of health agents (salary, career development, housing, allowances) - 4. Provide mobile Health Center for remote areas or areas with low density of population - 5. Rehabilitate and equip all Health Centers in the country to be able to deliver the quality basic health package of services for a Level 2 facility - 6. Establish a quality control system for drugs at the remote heath facilities including: training, logistics, and community control (centrale d’achat, pharmacie de gros, FS). - 7. Define competencies and responsibilities of medical hierarchy levels - 8. Transfer competencies and resources to the decentralized level - 9. Introduce innovative financing methods for the sector to provide consistent quality services and to increase the use of these services by the poor, through mechanisms such as mutual insurance or social security ### Indicators (selected) - 2005: 49 20 55 - 2012: 70 50 65 - Percentage of new consultations using Basic Health Centers - Percentage of childbirth occurring in Basic Health Centers - Average life expectancy --- ### CHALLENGE 2 — ERADICATION OF MAJOR DISEASES Current Reality - As of 2006, more than 1 million bed nets have been distributed for malaria prevention in highly vulnerable zones (coastal and tourism areas). Still, there remains a high rate of malaria mortality. - Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (mostly congenital syphilis) is still very high throughout the country. - Tuberculosis treatment is low due to poor understanding of the disease by the population and health agents. Goals - 1. We will have effectively controlled malaria. - 2. We will have eradicated congenital syphilis and tuberculosis. - 3. There will be a reduced prevalence of main endemic epidemic diseases and tropical diseases. Strategies - 1. Ensure 100% coverage for malaria prevention and treatment. - 2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases treatment kits are fully available throughout the country. - 3. Improve capacity of health centers to prevent, diagnose and treat tuberculosis through immunization, education and social mobilization. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Implement all available services for effective control of malaria including indoor and outdoor spraying, distribution of bed nets and adequate treatment - 2. Link and coordinate national campaigns (eg vaccination, family planning etc) in order to maximize coverage and effectiveness - 3. Improve training for health agents in order to prevent, diagnose and adequately treat tuberculosis - 4. Standardize testing, treatment and equipment in health centers for sexually transmitted diseases management - 5. Strengthen the capacities of private services providers to diagnose and treat sexually transmitted diseases - 6. Ensure that people with Sexually Transmitted Diseases seek treatment Indicators - 2005: 1,234,520 17.57 26 24.2 - 2012: 320,000 99 0901 - Number of presumed Malaria cases - Percentage of malaria mortality in hospitals (%) - Percentage of cured patients on tuberculosis(%) - Percentage of detected new case of tuberculosis - Percentage of syphilis among pregnant women --- ### CHALLENGE 3 — WIN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV AND AIDS Current Reality - In 2006, Madagascar remains a low HIV prevalence country, with a rate of less than 2% in vulnerable groups and an estimated 0.95 % in the general population. - The national response components include: Three ones (one coordination unit, one strategic framework and one monitoring and evaluation system), clinical preventive and treatment services, Communication for Behavioral Change Communication (BCC) and social transformation, and local response implemented as part of partnership between the public sector and the civil society, including NGOs, CBOs, religious organizations and the private sector. - Response focuses on primary and secondary prevention and impact mitigation; major aspects listed (advocacy, stigma reduction, community response, STI control, VCT, universal precautions, mother to child prevention, blood safety, opportunistic infections prevention and treatment, care and support for orphans). Integration and decentralisation needed to improve cost efficiency. Goals - 1. We will maintain HIV prevalence below 1% in the general population, while ensuring care for HIV/AIDS patients. - 2. We will have reduced the number of new HIV infections. - 3. We will have increased the number of HIV/AIDS patients receiving treatment. Strategies - 1. Improve access to promotional and clinical services for vulnerable groups and general population living in areas at risk of HIV. - 2. Improve and ensure implementation of quality standards for delivery of integrated services at all levels. - 3. Strengthen leadership, technical and managerial skills as well as inter and intra-sectoral coordination at all levels of the national response, according to the three ones principles. - 4. Strengthen the partnership between public and private sectors. - 5. Improve results based management especially focused on linking demand creation and service delivery. - 6. Improve access to and management of drugs and diagnostic supplies for Sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, including anti retro viral (ARV) drugs. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Strengthen managerial and technical skills at all levels for effective decentralization of the national response. - 2. Consolidate, reinforce the implementation of the three ones in the context of universal access. - 3. Ensure national coverage of communication for behavioral change and social transformation ( including reduction of stigma and fighting discrimination ) - 4. Strengthen and empower communities to promote local response - 5. Increase access and utilization of Voluntary Counselling and Testing, establish referral system - 6. Improve access to primary prevention of all pregnant women and ensure Antiretroviral treatment for HIV positive women and their infants - 7. Ensure blood bank in all 22 regions - 8. Ensure implementation of the national policy for Universal precautions at all levels - 9. Improve access of HIV/AIDS patients to Opportunistic Infections prevention and care and Antiretroviral treatment (linkages with Tuberculosis and psycho-social support) Indicators - 2005: 0.95% Not available Not available - 2012: ‹ 0.8% M:45% F: 20% 90% - Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women - Prevalence of condom use for males and females in high risk category, 15 to 24 years old - Percentage of adults and children on ARV who are still alive 12 months after initiation of ARV --- ### CHALLENGE 4 — IMPLEMENT A HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL FAMILY PLANNING STRATEGY Current Reality - Population of Madagascar has doubled over the past 25 years. - In some areas, 70% of 16 year old girls have already had a child. - Contraceptive use is increasing but overall prevalence is still low; high unmet demand with at least 24% of women in relationships saying they would use contraceptives if they were available. - 1,945 centers for family planning are operational. - Access for teenagers and youth to reproductive health and family planning services is still very limited. Goals - 1. There will be a reduction in the average size of the Malagasy family to improve the well-being of each family member, the community and the nation. - 2. The demand for contraceptives and family planning will be met. Strategies - 1. Increase access and provision of contraceptives. - 2. Provide educational programs to men, women and youth. - 3. Specifically reduce unwanted teenage pregnancies through family planning services. - 4. Integrate family planning into other key health campaigns (eg vaccination and HIV/AIDS). Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Accelerate implementation of a sectoral plan and carry out a national campaign - 2. Strengthen the capacities of health agents on family planning - 3. Promote long lasting contraceptive methods - 4. Identify and implement an innovative financing strategy to ensure sustainability and general availability of Family Planning programs - 5. Ensure the application of agreed quality standards and procedures for services at all levels - 6. Extend services on family planning for teenagers through youth centers - 7. Integrate reproductive health and family planning in HIV/AIDS programs Indicators - 2005: 5.4 3.7 5 to 8 181545 - 2012: 3 33 to 5 30 45100 - Total Fertility Rate - Fertility Rate – Urban - Fertility Rate – Rural ( some regions have higher fertility rates than others ) - Contraceptive Prevalence Rate among population - Contraceptive Prevalence Rate among teenagers - Percentage of teenagers ( 15-24 ) having access to information on family planning --- ### CHALLENGE 5 — REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY Current Reality - As of 2006, national campaigns for vaccination (vitamin A, measles) and increased treatment of diarrhea and malaria at community level have been implemented. - Infant mortality ratio remains high at 94:1000. Goals - 1. We will have reduced by half the infant mortality ratio. - 2. There will be an increased demand for Basic Health Centers pregnancy services. - 3. Broader community participation in child health will have been achieved. Strategies - 1. Increase focus on prevention programs in child health. - 2. Combine child care package and services that include nutrition and vaccinations. - 3. Increase the number of nurses and midwives available at Basic Health Centres. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Provide adequate packages of services (Vitamin A, PEV*+) including epidemiology surveillance in all Basic Health Centers *Broad Program on vaccination - 2. Organize and coordinate community agents and health workers on uniform procedures for dealing with diseases in children under 5 - 3. Guarantee that all staff in first referral hospitals and health centers have competency in treating children and newborn babies - 4. Sensitize families on behaviour change through community programs such as PCIME (Integrated Management of Children Diseases) Indicators - 2005: 94 80 80 95.2 83.8 - 2012: 47 100 100 100 100 - Ratio of infant mortality (out of 1.000) - Percentage of DTCP coverage - Percentage of children getting supplementary micronutriment - Percentage of one-year olds immunized against Tuberculosis - Percentage of one-year olds immunized against Measles --- ### CHALLENGE 6 — REDUCE MATERNAL AND NEONATAL MORTALITY Current Reality - Since 2002, Madagascar has committed to reduce maternal mortality; a national roadmap exists but needs implementation. - Lack of qualified professionals in rural areas and lack of access to obstetrical emergency care. - On average, each day, 8 women die of complications related to childbirth. Goals - 1. Increase the demand for antenatal care and preventative services. - 2. Ensure all urban and rural areas have reliable obstetrical emergency services. - 3. Promote adequate home-based care for mother and child health. Strategies - 1. Develop demand for preventive care among pregnant women. - 2. Improve management of high risk pregnancies and complicated deliveries. - 3. Increase the availability of midwives, especially in rural areas. - 4. Education programs aimed at mothers for home-based care. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Guarantee that all Basic Health Centers and first referral hospitals have adequate equipment and drugs for pregnancies and deliveries management - 2. Accelerate implementation of the roadmap for maternal mortality reduction through community mobilisation, homebased care, and medical support in Health Centers Indicators - 2005: 469 32 - 2012: 273 17 - Ratio of maternal mortality out of 100.000 living births - Ratio of neonatal mortality out of 1.000 living births --- ### CHALLENGE 7 — IMPROVE NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY Current Reality - Food insecurity (less than 2300 calories required per person per day) is a problem for the majority of Malagasy households. - High malnutrition ratio among children under 5 years. - National Office of Nutrition established to focus on nutritional needs of the most vulnerable. Goals - We will have significantly reduced both the ratio of malnutrition among children under 5 years and ratio of food insecurity among households and vulnerable groups. Strategies - 1. Focus on malnutrition among children under 5 especially addressing micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, iodine and iron). - 2. Target food insecurity among vulnerable groups such as the very poor and victims of natural disasters. - 3. Coordinate surveillance structures on nutrition at national, regional and local level. - 4. New emphasis on prevention of malnutrition and food insecurity through labor intensive activities. - 5. Consolidate and extend the national community nutrition program. - 6. Address micro-nutrient deficiencies among pregnant and lacating women at community level to reduce low birth weights. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Provide adequate food and nutrition for children who have severe or moderate malnutrition - 2. Extend and implement the national community based program on nutrition in the116 districts - 3. Integrate nutrition into schools program and health promotion activities - 4. Lead appropriate activities for social protection targeting the most vulnerables groups Indicators - 2005: 42 65 - 2012: 28 48 - Percentage of malnutrition among children under 5 years - Percentage of food insecurity among households --- ### CHALLENGE 8 — PROVIDE SAFE WATER AND WIDESPREAD USE OF HYGIENIC PRACTICES Current Reality - As of 2006, more than half the children of Madagascar suffer from water-related diseases; water-related diseases are the second highest cause of infant mortality. - Water-related diseases such as diarrhea cost approximately 6 million lost working days and 3.5 million lost days of school per year. Strategies - 1. Ensure adequate access to safe drinking water for all people. - 2. Educate all people, particularly parents and children, in safe sanitary and hygienic practices. - 3. Implement the international WASH strategy. Goals - 1. All children will have to be educated in safe sanitary and hygienic practices. - 2. Infant mortality due to water related diseases will be significantly decreased. Project leader — Priority actions - 1. Centralize different areas of the Ministry of Health to focus on water related diseases - 2. Strengthen the cooperation between different Ministries to implement the WASH strategy - 3. Promote and widespread educative campaign on WASH strategy - 4. Integrate safe sanitary and hygienic practices into school programs Indicators - 2005: 31 52 50 - 2012: 65 70 1,500 - Percentage of coverage on safe water supply - Percentage of coverage by a sanitary infrastructure - Number of local communes with the WASH program *Madagascar Action Plan — Commitment 5: HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING AND THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS (content unit: _cr0759 - 2. We will have an educated population which understands and uses quality health services and treatment options.)* ### 3. The number of lost working days and school days will ### 3. The number of lost working days and school days will be significantly decreased. ### COMMITMENT SIX — HIGH GROWTH ECONOMY (Overview) - Madagascar will have a high growth economy with growth rates reaching between 7% to 10% by 2012. - Objective: diversified and strong private sector driven by local and international investment and trade; government to generate fundamental conditions to facilitate business and encourage cutting edge techniques, technologies, and strategies. ### CHALLENGE 1 — ENSURE A STABLE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - Current Reality: - Double-digit inflation due to high oil prices, sharp rise in power and water tariffs and the depreciation of the Ariary in 2005. - Import demand has kept downward pressure on the Ariary. - Exports suffered from phasing out of the Multi-Fibre Agreement and low world vanilla prices. - Export Processing Zones lost 10,000 jobs due to competition from China and India. - Current account deficit reached 11.7% of GDP in 2005. - Economic growth was 4.6% in 2005. - Budget deficit expected to fall to 4% of GDP for 2006, but significant shortfall in revenue collection. - Goals: - 1. Achieve sustainable macroeconomic stability with low inflation. - 2. Eliminate macroeconomic imbalances. - Strategies: - 1. Pursue a firm monetary policy to contain inflation and promote stability in the foreign exchange market. - 2. Rationalize the management of the public finances and eliminate wasteful government expenditures to help ensure fiscal discipline. - 3. Reduce the budget deficit. - 4. Undertake a major overhaul and simplification of the tax system to stimulate private initiative and enhance government revenue. - 5. Strengthen analytical and forecasting capabilities within the public administration. - Project leaders: - Minister responsible for Finance; Governor of Central Bank; Minister responsible for the Budget; Minister responsible for the Economy. - Priority indicators (exact figures): - 2005: Annual Inflation rate (%) 11.4; Budget deficit (% of GDP) 4.3; Central Bank credit to government (% fiscal revenue of the last year) 102.9-11.78; Foreign currency reserves (in imports month) 1.44; Current account balance (% of GDP) 4.6; Total public debt (% of GDP) 22.5; Economic growth rate (%) 3.09; Investment rate (% of GDP) [309? — printed as 309]; GDP per capita (USD) [not explicitly printed in source besides table headings]. - 2012: Annual Inflation rate (%) 5.0; Budget deficit (% of GDP) 3.0; Central Bank credit to government (% fiscal revenue of the last year) 56-8.06; Foreign currency reserves (in imports month) 07 to 10; Current account balance (% of GDP) 304; Total public debt (% of GDP) 76; Economic growth rate (%) 0? [table printed as 0?]; Investment rate (% of GDP) 30; GDP per capita (USD) 47 6 [table formatting in source ambiguous]. ### CHALLENGE 2 — INCREASE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT - Current Reality: - FDI very low; attracted only USD 85 million in 2005. - Ranked 131ST in the “Doing Business Indicators” (DBI) of the World Bank. - Government established the Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM) and a new investment law in 2006. - Goals: - 1. Madagascar will be the best place to invest in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean. - 2. Madagascar will achieve double-digit economic growth by 2012. - 3. Broaden the tax base in the medium to long term. - 4. Promote foreign investments in sectors with high value added, job creation, integration, and multiplier effects. - Strategies: - 1. Create a competitive business environment. - 2. Secure investments and commerce. - 3. Aggressively promote Madagascar to attract investment. - 4. Provide enabling infrastructure, including EPZ, IPP, land tenure. - 5. Pursue international agreements to increase investors confidence and market access. - 6. Remove distortions in the economy. - Project leaders: - CEO of the Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM). - Priority indicators: - 2005: Foreign Direct Investments (Millions US$) 84; Ranking in investment climate 131 - 2012: Foreign Direct Investments (Millions US$) 500; Ranking in investment climate 80 ### CHALLENGE 3 — PROMOTE FULL EMPLOYMENT - Current Reality: - In 2005, active population segment accounts for 64.6% of total population. - 82% of the labor force is employed in the agricultural sector. - 13.4% employed in the formal sector of which about 150 000 are employed in the public sector. - Export Processing Zones role stagnated due to phasing out of the Multi-fibre Agreement. - Registered unemployment rate relatively low, but real unemployment significantly higher. - Median wages for an unskilled production worker approximately 36 USD in Madagascar, 85 USD in China, and 44 USD in India. - Labor productivity weak; workforce lacks qualifications; substantial underutilization of labor resources. - Goals: - 1. Ensure labour force is well qualified and able to respond to needs of the economy. - 2. Labor will exhibit substantially higher productivity. - 3. Full employment will be pursued. - Strategies: - 1. Stimulate job-generating sectors. - 2. Reform labor laws including establishing Industrial Arbitration Court. - 3. Develop a National Manpower Plan to align labor to needs of the economy. - 4. Provide vocational training to support priority industries. - 5. Shift mindset to support efficient economic activity. - Project leaders: - Minister responsible for Labour; Minister responsible for Education. - Priority indicators: - 2005: Unemployment rate High; Number of enrolment in vocational schools (index base 2005=100) 100 - 2012: Unemployment rate Low; Number of enrolment in vocational schools (index base 2005=100) 500 ### CHALLENGE 4 — REFORM THE BANKING AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM - Current Reality: - As of 2006, 6 commercial banks operating in Madagascar (4 French and 2 Mauritian). - Limited competition; low access to medium or long term financing. - Financial institutions risk-averse; high cost of financial intermediation. - SMEs have limited access even to short term credit. - Proportion of population with access to bank credit extremely low; no Stock Exchange. - Micro-finance lending rate around 3% per month. - Goals: - Develop a well functioning financial system meeting short and long term financing needs at affordable interest rates and providing a wide range of financial products to a significant part of the population. - Strategies: - 1. Enhance competition in the banking sector. - 2. Strengthen the regulatory and supervisory framework. - 3. Strengthen efficiency and network of microfinance institutions. - 4. Establish conditions for development of financial markets, including creation of a Stock Exchange. - 5. Encourage the increase in savings. - Project leaders: - Supervision Committee of Banks and Financial Institution; Minister responsible for the Economy; Minister responsible for Finance. - Priority indicators: - 2005: Private saving rate 12.1; Difference between credit and debit interest 8.2; Long term bank credit to private sector (% Total credit) 55.4 - 2012: Private saving rate 25.7; Difference between credit and debit interest 58; Long term bank credit to private sector (% Total credit) [figure printed as blank/formatting inconsistent] ### CHALLENGE 5 — STRENGTHEN DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES, SMES AND HANDICRAFT INDUSTRY - Current Reality: - Since 2002, Government promoted SMEs via Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture, and Craft Industry; centers for Promoting Craft Industry strengthened. - Productivity of SMEs and craftsmen remains low due to limited modernization. - Informal sector predominant; access to foreign markets limited; entrepreneurship limited. - Capacity utilization rate low ranging from 45 to 50%. - Contribution of secondary sector to GDP around 13%. - Goals: - Firms, SMEs, and craft industry to be stimulated to efficiently contribute to economic growth, integrate into national economy, and improve production capabilities through technology and managerial methods. - Strategies: - 1. Establish productivity support centers. - 2. Transition from informal sector to formal sector. - Project leaders: - Minister responsible for Industry and Commerce; CEO of EDBM; Minister responsible for Commerce. - Priority indicators: - 2005: Number of created enterprises 882; Share of informal sector in GDP (documented figure) 20 - 2012: Number of created enterprises 2,000; Share of informal sector in GDP (documented figure) 12 ### CHALLENGE 6 — ENHANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMPETITIVENESS - Current Reality: - Traditional exports account for bulk of international trade, making economy vulnerable to shocks. - In 2005, exports declined by 20.7% compared to 2004 due to deteriorated terms of trade and dismantling of the multi-fibre agreement. - Lack of conformity to international quality standards and norms impedes export expansion. - Goals: - Export diversification intensified; national products meet international quality standards; exports of products with high value added will substantially increase. - Strategies: - 1. Facilitate export marketing, insurance and financing. - 2. Provide enabling infrastructure, policies and administration. - 3. Develop mechanisms for product standardization and certification and implement a support program for producers. - 4. Adopt a new industrial strategy to penetrate markets with products with high value added. - Project leaders: - CEO of EDBM; Minister responsible for commerce; Minister responsible for foreign affairs; Minister responsible for agriculture; Minister responsible for industry; INSTAT. - Priority indicators: - 2005: Increase of exports of goods (% of GDP) 16.7; Rate of coverage of imports by exports 65.5 - 2012: Increase of exports of goods (% of GDP) 22.3; Rate of coverage of imports by exports 83.8 ### CHALLENGE 7 — INTENSIVELY DEVELOP THE MINING SECTOR - Current Reality: - Mining and oil potential neglected for almost two decades; mining activities officially contribute less than 4% of GDP. - If all current proven reserves are put to production, industry should account for at least 30% of GDP in 2011. - 2006: Government initiated platform meetings with stakeholders to identify priority actions (Strategic Decision Meeting). - Goals: - Help current mining projects enter production quickly while respecting communities and the environment; attract more explorers and promote natural assets. - Strategies: - 1. Ministries, companies and donors to team up to eliminate existing “speed bumps”. - Project leaders: - Minister responsible for Mining; Minister responsible for Budget; Chief of Regions; CEO of EDBM. - Priority indicators: - 2007: Mining administration fees (millions US$) 1.58; Mineral royalties (millions US$) 0.168; Revenue from mineral exports (millions US$) 50 - 2012: Mining administration fees (millions US$) 1545; Mineral royalties (millions US$) 300; Revenue from mineral exports (millions US$) [table printed as 300] *Source: _cr0759 - 3. The number of lost working days and school days will* ### 2. Improve existing environment based on the feedbacks of ### 2. Improve existing environment based on the feedbacks of private companies. ### Challenge 8 — Intensively promote and develop the tourism sector (Current reality, goals, strategies, projects, indicators) - Current reality - Madagascar is endowed with exceptional fauna and flora, most of which are endemic. - Island with 5,000 unspoiled kilometres of coastline and a climate favorable to eco-tourism. - Number of tourists coming to Madagascar is only about 150,000 per year, generating a revenue of about $US 200 millions. - Tourism ranks among the main providers of foreign currencies for the Malagasy economy. - Sector expansion: 19% increase in revenues in 2005. - Government committed to aggressively developing and promoting tourism. - Goals - Madagascar will be a privileged destination for all categories of tourism, with a primary focus given to eco-tourism. - International hotel chains will be encouraged to invest to solve lack of infrastructure and suitable accommodation. - Local domestic operators will be encouraged to develop further the breadth and standard of their facilities and programs. - Madagascar will be amongst the leading countries in Sub-saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean in the promotion of a high-quality eco-tourism experience. - Strategies 1. Attract high quality investors by the provision of incentives, access to land, and general support. 2. Promote the destination “Madagascar” as a superior and unique eco-tourism destination. 3. Support management development and professionalism of the tourist sector. 4. Improve the range of tourism products and services. - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Identify and launch new tourist sites and products — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Set up a tourist database — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Broaden the network of tourism agencies — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Develop e-tourism (on-line purchase, electronic payment terminal, credit cards, ...) — CEO of EDBM. - Identify priority tourist sites favorable to investments; speed up and facilitate procedures for setting up and exploiting investment projects — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Rationalize the management of hotel assets with public participation — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Support training activities in the tourism sector — Minister responsible for Tourism. - Indicators (preserve exact figures) - Revenue generated by the tourist sector (millions US$) - 2005: 184 - 2012: 577 - Number of direct jobs created within the sector of tourism - 2005: 21,167 - 2012: 40,100 - Number of tourists visiting Madagascar - 2005: 150,000 - 2012: 500,000 ### Challenge 9 — Intensively exploit regional opportunities (Current reality, goals, strategies, projects, indicators) - Current reality - Madagascar has joined regional organizations: Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), COMESA, SADC. - Adjustments to customs tariffs and nomenclature undertaken for eventual integration into a regional Customs Union. - Benefits of regional integration are yet to materialize; Malagasy business community taking steps to reap benefits. - Goals - Expansion of the market, development of exchanges, and promotion of investments as core objectives of regional cooperation and economic integration. - Integration at sub-regional level (SADC/COMESA) as first step toward an African Economic Community. - Strategies 1. Ratify regional protocols for improved access to cross border trade and investment opportunities. 2. Promote domestic awareness of regional market opportunities. 3. Promote regionalism through development of inter and intra regional trade. 4. Boost vertical integration at regional level. - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Ensure consistency of regional instruments to national legal texts — Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs. - Examine socio-economic impact of various regional instruments — Minister responsible for the Economy. - Strengthen capacity of national actors and operate measures to accompany implementation — Minister responsible for Trade. - Set up platform for exchange and information at national and regional levels — Minister responsible for Trade. - Encourage processing and promote export of processed products instead of raw materials — CEO of EDBM. - Indicator (market share at regional level %) - 2007: 5 - 2012: 15 ### Challenge 10 — Through diplomacy, develop economic synergies (Current reality, goals, strategies, projects, indicators) - Current reality - Diplomacy redirected to promote development; overseas representatives to promote development. - In 2005, more than 15 commercial attachés promoted economic ties. - 23 economic missions came to Madagascar to discuss investment opportunities; 31 forums organized to promote Madagascar overseas. - Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM) set up to work with overseas representatives in investment promotion. - Goals - Overseas representatives will be key links in promotion of Malagasy products, proactive in international meetings and pursuit of economic partnerships. - Madagascar will be among the most important destinations for foreign investments. - Strategies 1. Formulate publicity strategy aimed at raising profile of Madagascar. 2. Establish a coordinating group to promote Madagascar’s international branding. 3. Facilitate and intensify international negotiations supporting the promotion of socio-economic activities. - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Organize regional and international events — Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs. - Set up a permanent « Madagascar Show Case » within overseas agencies — Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs. - Draw up and spread commercials (films, reports, leaflets, booklets, maps, CD Rom, websites) — CEO of EDBM. - Carry out advertising campaign in targeted zones — CEO of EDBM. - Set up a task force in relation with EDBM in each ministry — CEO of EDBM. - Improve participation of private sector in different international negotiations — Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs. - Promote inter-country regional cooperation — Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs. - Indicator (Country Risk Rating) - 2005: D - 2012: A3 ### Commitment Seven — Cherish the environment (overview, vision) - Commitment statement - Madagascar will be a world leader in the development and implementation of environmental best-practice. - Commitment to become a “green island” again and to manage biodiversity wisely and responsibly. - Local communities to be active participants under bold national policies. - Develop industries around the environment: eco-tourism, agri-business, sustainable farming, industries based on organic and natural products — minimizing biodiversity damage and maximizing benefits. ### Challenge 1 — Increase protected areas for conservation of land, lake, marine and coastal biodiversity (current reality, goals, strategies, projects, indicators) - Current reality (biodiversity and threats) - One of the highest rankings of flora and fauna biodiversity richness and endemism in the world. - Endemism rates: 85% flora, 39% birds, 91% reptiles, 99% amphibians, and 100% lemurs. - Biodiversity concentrated in forest ecosystems which are constantly losing ground to agricultural activity. - Losing one hectare of forest in Madagascar has a more serious effect on world biodiversity than losing one hectare elsewhere. - Protected areas to be managed by State, private entities, local communities, or under co-management. - Goals - Increase protected area from 1.7m hectares to 6m hectares, and upgrade protection of the marine economic zone. - Goal aligned with IUCN objective and accounts for 10% of national territory allocated for ecological balance. - Abide by the Kyoto Accords and international climate change agreements. - Strategies 1. Establish new land, lake, marine and coastal protected areas. 2. Ensure financial sustainability for management of protected areas and biodiversity. 3. Manage protected areas and land, lake, marine and coastal biodiversity. 4. Value biodiversity in a sustainable manner. 5. Establish a national eco-tourism framework and strategy to contribute to protection and promotion of the environment and ensure “eco-eco” harmonization (economic - ecological). - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Inform and raise awareness with all stakeholders — Minister responsible for Environment. - Carry out surveys / inventories — Minister responsible for Environment. - Conduct national, regional and communal consultations — Minister responsible for Environment. - Carry out demarcation / cartography — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop management scheme and management mode — Minister responsible for Environment. - Mobilize funds for the Foundation; develop other financing instruments; increase private sector funding — Minister responsible for Environment. - Provide ecological monitoring and implement measures for conservation of land and watery ecosystems — Minister responsible for Environment. - Capitalize conservation plans per endangered species — Minister responsible for Environment. - Provide surveillance and control — Minister responsible for Environment. - Conduct examination to determine the value of ecosystems services in Madagascar, including carbon sequestration and its role in financing environmental protection and economic development — Minister responsible for Environment. - Indicators (preserve exact figures) - Representation rate of the habitats in the protected area system - 2005: 87% - 2012: 87% - Mobilized capital amount - 2005: US$18,000,000 - 2012: US$50,000,000 - Overall efficiency rate of protected areas - 2005: 51% - 2012: 70% - Increase rate in number of tourists visiting the protected areas per year - 2005: 106,600 - 2012: 149,000 ### Challenge 2 — Reduce the natural resource degradation process (current reality, goals, strategies, projects, indicators) - Current reality - Increasing degradation of natural resources by irresponsible practices. - Abusive and illicit timber and forest operations a major cause of deforestation. - Lack of professionalism among forest operators; reliance on wood and byproducts for household energy. - Vegetation clearing fires caused by farmers contribute to forest and natural resource degradation. - Current area of Madagascar forests and wetlands with endemic flora and fauna is 9,000,000ha. - Goals - Madagascar commits to keep its 9m hectare forest and wetland area for conservation and sustainable use of forest, lake, marine and coastal resources. - Strategies 1. Develop and implement sustainable use plans for land, lake, marine, and coastal areas. 2. Promote development and use of alternative energy resources such as bio-fuels that include palm oil, jatropha, soy and sugar cane. 3. Manage clearing of vegetation and damage caused by fires. 4. Promote reforestation and restore degraded habitats. 5. Promote private sector financing to assist in environmental management. - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Refine forest zoning — Minister responsible for Environment. - Inventory natural resources — Minister responsible for Environment. - Implement the Sustainable Forest Management Sites [Sites de Gestion Forestièfre Durable (SGFD)] - Koloala — Minister responsible for Environment. - Intensify management transfer of natural resources — Minister responsible for Environment. - Reorganize management of traded/tradable species — Minister responsible for Environment. - Support use of improved charcoal making techniques — Minister responsible for Environment. - Promote use of alternative energy — Minister responsible for Environment. - Motivate population on wild fire prevention; strengthen implementation of anti-fire and clearing laws — Minister responsible for Environment. - Implement soil erosion control by planting windbreaks and cover crops — Minister responsible for Environment. - Improve soil fertility with agroforestry systems, cover crops and conservation of ground and surface water — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop an integrated Water Resource Management Plan for freshwater, watersheds and ecosystems; promotion of reforestation to protect catchment areas; monitoring of wells and groundwater; increase cropping system efficiency — Minister responsible for Environment. - Establish land reserves for reforestation [réserves foncières pour le reboisement (RFR)] — Minister responsible for Environment. - Promote actions for reforestation, bush covering, and grazing prohibition — Minister responsible for Environment. - Manage pilot sites for carbon sequestration — Minister responsible for Environment. - Promote research and development to make Madagascar a leader in bio-fuel production using palm oil, soy, maize, jatropha, and sugar cane — Minister responsible for Environment. - Indicators (preserve exact figures) - Number of developed sustainable use plans - 2005: 8 - 2012: 21 - Percentage of household using alternative energies - 2005: 10% - 2012: 25% - Rate of reduced burnt areas - 2005: 17% - 2012: 70% - Reforested area - 2005: 360,000ha - 2012: 540,000ha ### Challenge 3 — Develop the environmental reflex at all levels (current reality, goals, strategies, projects) - Current reality - As of 2006, pollution (air, water, soil) is reaching an alarming proportion in Madagascar. - Prevention and precaution mechanisms initiated through environmental impact and assessment studies (decree MECIE N° 99/954 on 15/12/99 and its riders). - Environmental dimension must be mainstreamed into development actions at all levels and into sectoral, regional, and communal plans and business plans. - All 22 region development plans include a part on the environment; biggest cities have town master-plans integrating environmental dimension. - Environmental education and communication occupy an important place in these plans. - Goals - Mainstream the environment into all sectoral plans and develop a strong and effective environmental reflex. - Strategies 1. Explore ways that the government (national, regional and local) with help of private sector can assist in environmental protection and ensure highest global standards are met. 2. Strengthen framework for preventing environmental damage (including pollution) caused by businesses, miners, farmers, fishermen, and tourism. 3. Contribute to protection of sensitive zones through comprehensive environmental assessment. 4. Internalize environmental stakes into sectoral, regional, and communal policies. 5. Implement the Education Policy Relative to the Environment [Politique de l’Education Relative à l’Environnement (PERE)]. - Priority projects and project leaders (selected) - Ensure implementation of international conventions relative to the Environment ratified by Madagascar, such as the Kyoto Accords — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop the Code of the Environment — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop a policy for mining and logging companies for biodiversity offsets and other mechanisms and incentives for environmental protection — Minister responsible for Environment. - Reduce pollution in industrial zones located in urban, rural, and port areas — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop value chains in potential business sectors to ensure biodiversity is linked to the economy and economic pursuits accord with environmental commitments — Minister responsible for Environment. - Establish an Eco-tourism policy, charter, code stating vision, commitment, values and approach for promotion and implementation of eco-tourism throughout the country — Minister responsible for Environment. - Establish “wilderness zones” for eco-tourism — Minister responsible for Environment. - Promote and create investment standards to maintain quality — Minister responsible for Environment. - Develop, coordinate, share and promote important environmental information; conduct information and dialogue sessions on environmental concerns for diverse stakeholders (pupils, academics, environmental teams, farmers associations, communes, regions, mining companies and other businesses) — Minister responsible for Environment. *Source: _cr0759 - 2. Improve existing environment based on the feedbacks of (PDF).* ### 10. Promote the compatibility of investment with the ### 10. Promote the compatibility of investment with the environment ### Scope and complementary measures - Promote the compatibility of investment with the environment [compatibilité des investissements avec l’environnement (MECIE)] and the environmental management system [système de management environnemental (SME)] in the sectors of mining, transportation, fishery, agriculture, tourism, industry. - Promote strategic environmental assessment [évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES)]. - Assist communes in developing and controlling PCDs. - Support the formulation and implementation of Urban Development Plans [plans de développement urbain (PDU)] and Regional Development Plans [Plan Régional de Développement (PRD)] which mainstream the environmental dimension with all aspects of development. - Set up E-Governance of MINENVEF. - Set up Databases. - Carry out the monitoring & evaluation of projects, programs and activities. ### Objectives and targets (forest & environment context) - Strengthen the institutions responsible for environmental management - the Ministry and environmental protection agencies - to ensure professional policy making and regulatory framework and to provide technical support to the development and implementation of sector strategies. - Specific goal (sector level): As of 2006 the number of forest and environmental offenses are in the order of 440 per year. Target: reduce the offense number of 440 to no more than 100. ### Strategies - Build human, material, infrastructure capacities in the Ministry to ensure it can effectively pursue its mission. - Strengthen forest and environmental regulation, enforcement and control. - Implement sustainable forest management techniques and forest plantations in appropriate areas to satisfy the demand for forestry products and tree seedlings and other measures to support forestation. - Improve the forest revenue system and reform tax laws to ensure a taxation on negative consequences that contribute to pollution and degradation. - Provide for the planning, monitoring, evaluation of all activities of the Ministry, and ensure better coordination, management, dissemination, and use of research, data and best-practices at the national, regional and local levels. ### Priority projects and activities (selected) - Provide for better and more comprehensive environmental regulation and control. - Strengthen forestry policing, control, and regulatory framework. - Broaden the watch and information scheme initiated by OSFE. - Build capacity among stakeholders in forest and environment management. - Set up an autonomous structure providing for forest and environmental operations. - Set up and empower forest commissions at the regional level. - Strengthen Environmental units and teams to monitor and assess. - Develop, distribute, and provide for the training on forest and environment legislation and regulation. - Set up framework conditions and tax incentives that promote responsible forest management. - Carry out marketing and forest products under concession. - Provide for the coordination of environment and forest activities consistent with the policy orientations of the country. - Set up E-Governance of MINENVEF. - Set up Databases. - Carry out the monitoring & evaluation of projects, programs and activities. ### Project leadership - Minister responsible for Environment (multiple responsibilities across measures). - Minister responsible for Social Protection, Interior, Culture, Communications, Prime Minister’s Office, National Leadership Institute and Ministers in charge of Women’s Affairs and Public Service noted elsewhere in related chapters for coordinated roles. ### Indicators (as presented) - Indicators (section near MECIE/EES/PRD/PDU): - 2005: 75% 30% 95% - 2012: 95% 70% 2290% - Rate of processed complaint files - Rate of MECIE subject investment - Number of regional plans mainstreaming the environmental prescriptions - Environmental Curriculum in primary, secondary, tertiary schools, and vocational schools: adopted - Indicators (forest management section): - 2005: 45% 2.4% 0% - 2012: 2390% 5,5% 100% - Forest control units which are set up - System for tracking forest products : adopted - Rate of forest and environment revenues compared with the operating and capital budget of the Ministry - E-Governance of Ministry - Indicators (social protection / vulnerability section, related national solidarity chapter): - 2005: 4.290% 61% 38% 33.2% - 2012: 2.149% 90% 53% 0% - United Nations hazard related vulnerability index (deaths per million inhabitants) - Percentage of families with more than three poverty indicators - School enrolment rate for the poorest - Health service access to the poorest - Percentage of youth and children without birth certificates - Indicators (gender section, related): - 2005: 12% 11 0036% - 2012: 30% 63 0018% - Percentage of women in Parliament - Number of women in the Cabinet - Proportion of women in local, regional and national institutions (index base 100) - Gender salary gap in the private sector *Source: _cr0759 - 10. Promote the compatibility of investment with the* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/_cr0759.pdf_