## _cr08250

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---

### Executive summary and implementation framework
- Report describes progress in implementing the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Sierra Leone covering the period 2005 - 2007.
- Government adopted the PRSP in June 2005 following Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) and Focus Group Discussions (FDGs).
- SL-PRSP structured around three pillars: Good Governance, Peace and Security; Food Security, Job Creation and Growth; and Human Development. Indicators closely linked to the MDGs.
- Implementation emphasis:
  - reform public administration to increase efficiency, transparency and accountability;
  - translate program goals into concrete measures.
- Early limitations in impact analysis:
  - lack of a comprehensive monitoring system initially;
  - weak capacities in line ministries;
  - statistical data collection system focused more on quantitative than qualitative data.
- Implementation principles:
  - mainstream poverty reduction across MDAs, central institutions, local governments and development partners;
  - build strong ownership via inclusive participation of civil society, private and public sectors, and vulnerable groups;
  - change government “business” through transparency, improved coordination and prioritization;
  - engage local-level implementation as part of public administration reform and decentralization;
  - build partnerships for coordination and information sharing.
- Institutional structure:
  - Policy Committees: Inter-Ministerial Committee and DEPAC.
  - Technical Committees: National Technical Committee (NTC), Pillar Working Groups, Local Council M&E Committees, Civil Society Monitoring Groups.
  - Coordinating body: Development Assistance Coordination Office (DACO) as secretariat.
- Monitoring and evaluation:
  - M&E unit in DACO coordinates collection, collation and analysis of poverty-related data.
  - An M&E readiness assessment informed development of an M&E Plan.
  - Health, Education, Agriculture and WATSAN indicators reviewed; new indicators identified for justice sector and human rights activities.

### Financing the PRSP — funding, disbursements, and gaps
- PRSP implementation cost estimates and funding gaps:
  - Cost of implementing the PRSP estimated at US $1.624 billion.
  - MTEF poverty related expenditures was US $ 683 million.
  - Additional amount required to fully implement the PRSP estimated at US$ 941 million.
  - Development partners requested government re-prioritise and thereby reduce the gap to US 368.4 million.
  - Actual funding gap of US$ 573 million was not presented to development partners at the CG meeting.
  - At the CG meeting in November 2005, pledges for 2005 – 2007 amounted to US$ 874 million; additionality from CG commitments only US$ 246 million.
  - Commitments were only US$ 929 million out of the US$1.624 million required, creating a funding gap of US$695 million.
- Donor disbursements (Table: Donor Disbursement for PRSP):
  - Year 2005 — Amount (mn US$) 336.60
  - Year 2006 — Amount (mn US$) 361.3
  - Year 2007 — Amount (mn US$) 277.2
  - Total — Amount (mn US$) 975.10
- Observations:
  - Total disbursements for 2005-2007 estimated at US$ 975.1 exceeding CG commitments by US$ 101 million.
  - Extra resources attributed to funds from Global Funds not part of PRSP programmes.
  - Earlier CG in London (29–30 November 2005) pledged estimated US $864 million (excluding expected HIPC and MDRI relief).

### Capacity and institutional constraints
- Weak or non-existent capacities:
  - line ministries lacked capacity to develop, implement and monitor programmes;
  - development partner offices had limited in-country capacity, delaying implementation;
  - Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and Parliament lacked capacity to effectively monitor the PRSP;
  - private sector development constrained by lack of know-how and capital among Sierra Leoneans.
- PRSP internalization issues:
  - MDAs and local councils often viewed PRSP as a separate project distinct from routine programmes.
- Data limitations:
  - absence of timely and reliable statistics hindered baselines, realistic target setting, reporting and comparisons.

### Monitoring, evaluation and indicators — system, challenges and strategy
- DACO M&E unit coordinates data collection, collation and analysis across sectors and pillars.
- District M&E Committees (DM&ECs) formed nationwide; membership includes Local Council representative, District PRS Focal Point, DECSEC M&E Officer/Coach, SSL District Representative, sector representatives, Civil Society Representative.
- Information flow: bottom (districts) to top policy level (DEPAC/IMC) with feedback downward; central-level reporting collated quarterly for DEPAC and IMC.
- Key M&E challenges:
  - weak M&E capacity across MDAs, District Councils and CSOs;
  - lack of clear M&E guidelines and limited district-level capacity;
  - coordination problems with NGOs operating without informing local authorities.
- Strengthening M&E strategy components:
  A. Institutionalise M&E in MDAs, Local Councils and CSOs (develop/enact M&E policy; produce training manuals; operationalise national and district databases).
  B. Strengthen capacity of M&E units (training, study tours, equipment, vehicles/motor bikes).
  C. Enhance public participation (quarterly M&E Bulletin; dissemination; regional FGDs; radio/TV discussions).
- Role of Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL):
  - Lead production of reliable data; surveys include SLIHS 2003/04, CWIQS 2007; DHS planned for 2008.
  - NSDS covering 2008-2012 launched to boost NSS capacity.
  - Establish statistical units in ministries lacking one and promote GIS/SLIS integration.
- Role of research and participatory instruments:
  - PETS, PPAs, Service Delivery and Perception Surveys used to inform policy and monitoring.

### Lessons learnt and cross-cutting observations (1.2 Lessons Learnt)
- Targets and resource coherence:
  - Development partners’ reprioritisation reduced funding gap from US$941 million to US$ 368 million, but targets were not revised accordingly.
  - Government monitored programmes for which funds were not available.
  - Weak coherence between resources and targets contributed to non-achievement of some PRSP goals.
- Intersectoral linkages:
  - Sectors tended to focus on intra-sector activities without strong cross-sector collaboration.
- Implementation and national priorities:
  - Funding often followed development partners’ preferences rather than national priorities; technical assistance funded promptly while SES programme underfunded.
- Need for resource mobilisation strategy and Aid Policy:
  - Recommendations:
    - develop a resource mobilisation strategy beyond CG meetings (e.g., Round table sector support);
    - broaden donor base;
    - develop an Aid Policy to define roles, responsibilities and aid management guidelines.
- Capacity strengthening:
  - Recommendation: develop a comprehensive capacity building programme across line ministries and development partners.
- Streamline and rank priorities:
  - Recommendation: streamline next PRSP, clearly define and rank priorities for sequencing and cross-sector effects.

### Pillar One — Public sector governance, peace and security (key findings and remaining challenges)
- Public sector reform:
  - Management and Functional Reviews conducted for several MDAs but recommendations not implemented.
  - Senior Executive Service (SES) programme developed but funds not provided.
  - 90-day Civil Service review conducted; ESO converted into HRMO.
  - Civil Service capacity shortfalls remain a serious challenge for implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
- Public Financial Management (PFM) progress:
  - MTEF budget process strengthened; all MDAs prepare strategic plans aligned to PRSP.
  - Integrated Financial Management System (IFMIS) installed and implemented in key MDAs.
  - Internal Audit Units established in 14 MDAs.
  - National Public Procurement Authority (NPPA) secretariat fully operational with an Independent Review Panel; procurement units established in procuring entities.
  - PETS and Public Perception Surveys regularly conducted and action plans developed.
- Decentralisation:
  - 19 out of the 34 functions devolved to local councils.
  - 14 out of the 19 elected councils met transparency and financial management accountability requirements.
  - Chiefdom Governance Act developed and approved by Parliament.
- Anti-corruption and statistics:
  - National Anti Corruption Strategy (NACS) revised and being implemented.
  - Central Statistics Office reformed into Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL); SSL conducted MICSIII and CWIQ; DHS ongoing and SLHIS planned for 2009.
- Peace, justice, communications, security:
  - TRC recommendations implemented via White Paper; Human Rights Commission established.
  - NEC strengthened and conducted peaceful general and parliamentary elections in 2007.
  - Comprehensive Justice Sector Strategy developed and implemented.
  - ENCISS programme implemented to facilitate dialogue between Civil Society and the State.
  - Police and Military restructured and retrained; Office of National Security strengthened.
- Remaining challenges (Pillar One):
  - implement Civil Service reform measures and build capacity across MDAs;
  - further PFM improvements: timely budget laying per GBBA; extend IFMIS to all MDAs;
  - ensure adherence to procurement rules and regular publication of procurement awards;
  - intensify fight against corruption: NACS endorsement by Parliament and adequate funding;
  - intensify implementation of devolution plan: review conflicting Acts and build local council capacity.

### Pillar Two — Food security, infrastructure, private sector and youth (key findings, statistics, constraints and recommendations)
- Real sector summary:
  - Real GDP growth: 7.3 percent 2005, 7.4 percent 2006, 6.8 percent 2007 compared to PRS targets of 6-7 percent.
  - Growth driven by agriculture, mining, construction and services.
- Sectoral contributions to GDP growth (PRSP table):
  - 2005: Agriculture 72.1, Services 26.0, Mining -3.4, Manufacturing 1.1, Electricity and Water -1.0, Construction 5.1
  - 2006: Agriculture 37.4, Services 57.7, Mining 0.2, Manufacturing 4.2, Electricity and Water -0.3, Construction 0.8
  - 2007 (Proj): Agriculture 41.2, Services 33.0, Mining 17.2, Manufacturing 1.0, Electricity and Water -0.9, Construction 8.5
- Inflation dynamics:
  - Annual average consumer price inflation: 12.0 percent in 2005; 9.5 percent in 2006; 11.6 percent in 2007.
  - Contributing factors in 2007: supply disruptions from Guinea political crisis, pre-election speculative buying, increase in money supply in H1 2007, rise in oil prices.
- Agriculture and fisheries performance (selected tables):
  - Rice (Paddy) Production (Mt): 2002 422,065 | 2003 445,633 | 2004 526,619 | 2005 526,617 | 2006 875,000 | 2007 637,983
  - Cassava Production (Mt): 2002 895,817 | 2003 1,091,178 | 2004 1,759,292 | 2005 2,287,060 | 2006 2,973,100 | 2007 1,236,852
  - Sweet Potato Production (Mt): 2002 45,450 | 2003 74,446 | 2004 153,198 | 2005 15,3196 | 2006 168,129 | 2007 158,219
  - Groundnut Production (Mt): 2002 98,400 | 2003 117,000 | 2004 152,000 | 2005 56,557 | 2006 115,203 | 2007 118,849
  - Cattle Population (Head): 2002 100,000 | 2003 120,000 | 2004 150,000 | 2005 200,000 | 2006 313,000 | 2007 345,000
  - Goat Population (Head): 2002 250,000 | 2003 300,000 | 2004 350,000 | 2005 450,000 | 2006 548,000 | 2007 630,000
  - Sheep Population (Head): 2002 200,000 | 2003 235,000 | 2004 300,000 | 2005 375,000 | 2006 469,000 | 2007 540,000
  - Domestic Fish Production (Mt): 2002 66,638 | 2003 82,922 | 2004 120,620 | 2005 132,411 | 2006 124,906 | 2007 134,000
  - Fish Imports (Mt): Na | 2,079 | 3,459 | 3,459
  - Fish Processors Trained (No): Na | 125 | 2,500 | 2,500
  - Fish Ponds Constructed (No): Na | 1,000 | 1,500 | 1,500
  - Number of Refrigerated Containers: Na | 6 | 23 | 23
- Rice production and self-sufficiency:
  - Area cultivated under rice increased by 27.5% in 2007 vs 2005.
  - Rice paddy production increased by 21.2% in 2007 from 2005.
  - National self sufficiency level in rice estimated at 69% (same as 2005/2006).
- Crop performance vs targets (selected):
  - Rice (Paddy) 2005: Target 540,000 | Actual 552,000 | % achievement 102
  - Rice (Paddy) 2006: Target 875,000 | Actual 875,000 | % achievement 100
  - Rice (Paddy) 2007: Target 875,000 | Actual 637,983 | % achievement 73
  - Cassava 2006: Target 2,100,000 | Actual 2,973,100 | % achievement 142
  - Cassava 2007: Target 2,100,000 | Actual 1,236,852 | % achievement 59
  - Groundnut 2005: Target 95,684 | Actual 167,200 | % achievement 175
  - Groundnut 2007: Target 115,203 | Actual 118,849 | % achievement 103
- Livestock achievements:
  - Cattle 2005: Target 250,000 | Actual 200,000 | % achievement 80
  - Cattle 2007: Target 313,000 | Actual 345,000 | % achievement 110
  - Goat 2007: Target 575,400 | Actual 630,000 | % achievement 109
  - Sheep 2007: Target 492,450 | Actual 540,000 | % achievement 110
- Fisheries achievements:
  - Domestic Fish Production 2006: Target 130,000 | Actual 124,906 | % achievement 96
  - Domestic Fish Production 2007: Target 130,000 | Actual 134,000 | % achievement 103
  - Fish Processors Trained 2006–2007: Target 625 | Actual 2,500 | % achievement 400
  - Number of Refrigerated Containers 2006: Target 7 | Actual 23 | % achievement 115
- Agricultural export earnings:
  - Total agricultural earnings increased by 7.09 % to US$ 13.67 mn in 2007 from US$ 12.76mn in 2006.
  - Coffee: US$503,800 in 2005; US$1,093,000 in 2006; US$1,854,700 in 2007.
  - Cocoa: US$5,659,100 in 2005; US$11,571,000 in 2006; US$11,368,100 in 2007.
  - Fish and Shrimps: US$76,000 in 2005; US$97,000 in 2006; US$443,800 in 2007.
- Observed agricultural constraints (2007):
  - decline in budget allocation to agricultural Ministry;
  - fall in use of fertiliser, herbicides and other farm chemicals;
  - decline in extension packages;
  - reduction in farm holdings despite increased acreage due to tractorisation.
- Infrastructure — roads, power, ICT:
  - Public Roads Network totals about 11300km: 8000km national road system; 3300km local and unclassified roads.
  - Gravel roads constructed/maintained: 1350km in 2004 → 1874km by end 2006.
  - All weather trunk roads constructed/maintained: 581 km in 2004 → 1774 km by end 2006.
  - Installed generation capacity in Freetown: 26.5 megawatts in 2004; 31.33 megawatts in 2006 (6 megawatts added in 2006).
  - Estimated overall energy requirement for Western Area: 100 mw.
  - Late 2007: Two IPPs engaged (GTG 15 MW installed at Kingtom for one year; Income Electrix Limited for 25 MW); available generation capacity by end 2007 came up to 31 MW.
  - Bumbuna hydroelectric project about 95% complete on civil/hydroelectric works.
  - ICT liberalisation: eight (8) GSM licenses issued and five (5) mobile companies established; mobile network extended to eight (8) out of twelve (12) districts; investments estimated at over US $125 million by end 2006.
- Private Sector Development:
  - DTIS conducted and an Action Matrix developed; General Law Act (2007) and Business Registration Act (2007) enacted.
  - SLIEPA established to replace SLEDIC.
  - Investors Conference held in 2006; public–private partnership initiatives promoted.
- Youth employment and public works:
  - 51 micro-farms; 41 macro-farms; 700 Agricultural Business Units established.
  - 600 youth engaged in Western Area public works; 200 in Bo District; 150 in Kenema District; 200 in Makeni; 150 in Kono.
- Pillar Two recommendations (selected):
  - increase budget allocation for agriculture in line with Maputo Declaration (allocate at least 10% of National budget to agriculture);
  - improve feeder roads and rural electrification;
  - increase access to affordable credit for farmers;
  - invest in post-harvest technologies and refrigerated storage;
  - construct fish harbour and improve fisheries infrastructure;
  - encourage private sector investment in fisheries surveillance;
  - strengthen MTI capacity and coordination for PSD; upgrade salary structure to attract trained personnel.

### Pillar Three — Human development: education, health, water, vulnerable groups (selected findings and targets)
- Education:
  - Primary Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) recorded at 101% by end 2007 (target 67%).
  - Junior Secondary School NER target 21% by end 2007; actual 13% (shortfall of 8%).
  - Ratio of girls to boys in primary education maintained at baseline 10:11 (2005–2007).
  - NPSE girls passing: 20,064 (2005); 24,133 (2006); 30,000 (2007).
  - BECE girls passing: 5,096 (2005); 7,340 (2006); 11,110 (2007).
  - Pupil teacher ratio (primary) remained at baseline 66:1 (target 50:1).
  - NPSE passes: 72% (2005); 73% (2006); 69% (2007) (target 75%).
  - BECE passes: 55.3% (2006); 56% (2007) (target 53%).
  - Textbook-pupil ratio target 1:4 not achieved countrywide.
  - Recommendations: review teacher ceiling, provide in-service training, improve teacher incentives, streamline infrastructure and curricula.
- Health:
  - Peripheral Health Units (PHU): 867 PHUs fully operational by end 2006 (baseline 668 in 2004; target 768 in 2006).
  - Mortality rates (2005 vs 2004 baseline):
    - Infant Mortality rate: 170/1000 (2004) → 115/1000 (2005).
    - Under Five Mortality rate: 286/1000 (2004) → 203/1000 (2005).
    - Maternal Mortality rate: 1800/100,000 (2004) → 1600/1000,000 (2005).
  - Births attended by skilled health personnel: 33% (2004) → 42% (2005) and unchanged up to end 2006.
  - Immunisation: DPT3 coverage increased from 56% (2004) to 96% (2006).
  - Insecticide Treated Bed Nets: 1,478,584 ITNs distributed in 2006 (target 180,000 in 2006).
  - HIV/AIDS indicators:
    - % persons 15-49 infected with HIV in 2005: 1.53% (target 1.3% for 2006 and 2007; result 1.53% for 2006 and 2007).
    - % HIV positive pregnant women receiving a complete course of ARV therapy 2005: 24%; result 2006 71.8%; result 2007 85.6% (target 74%).
    - Number of people with advanced HIV infection who received ART in the last 12 months: 475 (2005 baseline); result 2006 1,416; result 2007 2,649 (target 2,000).
- Water, sanitation and environment:
  - % households with access to safe drinking water: 46% (2004) → 49% (2006) → 51.5% (2007) (targets 50% and 53%).
  - % households with improved sanitation facilities: 1% (2004) → 33% (2006) → 33% (2007) (targets 35% and 40%).
  - % of primary schools with water and sanitation facilities: 35% (2004) → 38% (2006) → 40% (2007) (targets 40.5% and 45%).
  - NaCEF established for environmental management but impact limited by lack of logistics and funds.

### Macroeconomic developments and challenges to macroeconomic stability
- Macroeconomic summary (2005–2007):
  - achieved macroeconomic stability with strong growth, moderate inflation, increased foreign reserves, broadly stable exchange rate, positive real interest rates and a lower external debt burden.
  - reached HIPC completion point in December 2006 and qualified for MDRI.
  - program implementation difficulties due to fiscal slippages (domestic revenue shortfalls) in late 2006 and 2007 and delays/non-disbursement of some programmed budget support in 2007 over fiscal slippages and fiduciary concerns.
  - Government adopted a cash-budget management system in April 2007 to preserve macroeconomic stability resulting in attainment of all quantitative PRGF performance criteria for end June and end December, 2007.
  - Indicative targets on domestic revenue and poverty-reducing expenditures missed at all test dates.
  - Cash-budget system resulted in build up of domestic payment arrears and reduced fiscal space for PRSP implementation.
- Challenges to macroeconomic stability (2.7):
  - Weak domestic revenue collection worsened macroeconomic stability and led to severe cuts in critical poverty related and capital expenditures.
  - Unpredictability and shortfalls of budget support compelled domestic borrowing, fueling inflationary pressures.
  - External shocks: food and oil price increases contributed significantly to inflation; continue to pose risks for PRSP II.
  - High domestic debt burden:
    - Domestic debt stock as at end 2007 estimated at Le1.2 billion.
    - Domestic interest payments estimated at nearly 20 percent of domestic revenue.
    - High domestic debt servicing crowds out poverty spending and could raise domestic interest rates.
- Policy measures and recommendations (selected):
  - improve tax administration and broaden tax base;
  - introduce a broad-based Goods and Services Tax;
  - implement the NRA Modernisation Plan and strengthen NRA capacity;
  - review mining and bilateral agreements to minimize tax exemptions and eliminate discretionary tax waivers;
  - install ASYCUDA++ to improve customs valuation;
  - introduce Tax Payer Identification numbers;
  - prudent fiscal and monetary policies to contain inflationary pressures;
  - manage domestic debt to preserve macroeconomic stability.

### Results Framework, targets and performance (selected highlights)
- Strategic planning and PFM:
  - By June 2007 all MDAs have strategic plans — Target met.
  - IFMIS installation: foundation modules in Accountant General’s department in 2005; target to install IFMIS in all MDAs and local councils by end-2007 — Result: Target met.
  - Internal Audit Units: baseline 6 MDAs in 2005; result 13 MDAs having Internal Audit Unit.
  - Publication of Public Accounts: target not met; first volume of 2000-2002 published by Parliament; accounts for 2003 and 2004 drafted and circulated by August 2006.
- Devolution and local government:
  - 23 out of the 34 scheduled functions devolved in 2006; all 34 devolved by 2007.
  - Local councils meeting transparency/accountability: 10 of 19 met requirements by November 2006; 14 of 19 by 2007.
- Security and elections:
  - NEC operational and conducted peaceful elections in 2007 — Target met.
  - Military reduction target met: reduction from 14,500 in 2005 to 10,500 by end 2007.
  - Police size increase target to 9,500 met only in 2007.
- Public procurement and anti-corruption:
  - NPPA operational; quarterly publication of all awards target not met; publications made on NPPA website and a 2007 contracts report prepared but not gazetted.
  - NACS reviewed and implementation started; prosecution/completion of ACC cases result 64% (target 80%); convictions 3% out of 33 ACC cases investigated/prosecuted.
- Education and health service delivery targets:
  - Primary NER: baseline 64% (2004) → result 101% (2007).
  - JSS NER: baseline 12% (2004) → result 13% (2007) (target 21%).
  - Primary PTR: baseline 66:1 → result 66:1 (2007) (target 50:1).
  - DPT coverage: 56% (2004) → 96% (2006).
  - ITNs: baseline 60,000 (2004) → result 1,478,584 (2007).

### Targeted recommendations and policy actions (selected across sectors)
- Strengthen M&E systems: institutionalise M&E, train staff, provide equipment/transport, produce M&E publications, enhance public participation.
- Align targets with available resources: revise targets when funding is reprioritised and close coherence gaps between resources and targets.
- Capacity building: comprehensive program across MDAs, local councils, Parliament and CSOs.
- Resource mobilisation and Aid Policy: develop a resource mobilisation strategy beyond CG meetings; adopt an Aid Policy with roles and guidelines.
- Agriculture and rural development:
  - increase public spending to at least 10% of national budget per Maputo Declaration;
  - invest in feeder roads, irrigation, post-harvest facilities, refrigerated storage, rural electrification;
  - improve access to affordable credit and strengthen extension services and input supply.
- Energy and water:
  - increase generating capacity for Freetown to at least 100 MW; complete Bumbuna project and transmission lines; engage IPPs and explore mini-hydro, solar, biomass for rural electrification;
  - reform and restructure NPA, introduce pre-payment meters, adjust tariffs to reflect production costs;
  - develop another dam for Freetown water supply; adopt realistic water tariffs; update the 1961 Water Act; protect catchment areas.
- Public financial management and procurement:
  - extend IFMIS to all MDAs; strengthen procurement plan publication and transparency; ensure adherence to procurement law and public posting of awards.
- Social sectors:
  - review teacher ceiling to achieve PTR targets; rehabilitate and reconstruct infrastructure; motivate teachers for rural postings; supply teaching/learning materials.
  - sustain immunisation efforts, ITN distribution and maternal health interventions; expand ART coverage and support PLWHA households.

_Source: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION; 1.2 Lessons Learnt; 2.2 Real Sector Performance; 2.7 Challenges to Macroeconomic Stability; 3.5 Empowerment with Statistics; 3.6 Consolidating Peace and Peace Education; 3.7 Strengthening National Security; Chapter 4; 4.1–4.3; 5.2 Health; 6.2 Pillar II; Monitoring and Evaluation excerpts; 7.9 Results Framework; Annex 4: Result Matrix (from _cr08250)._

### CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................10

### CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

### Executive summary
- The report describes progress in implementing the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Sierra Leone covering the period 2005 - 2007.
- The Government of Sierra Leone adopted the PRSP in June 2005 following nationwide consultative processes (Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) and Focus Group Discussions (FDGs)).
- The SL-PRSP is structured around three pillars: Good Governance, Peace and Security; Food Security, Job Creation and Growth; and Human Development. Indicators for the PRS are closely linked to the MDGs.
- Implementation emphasizes reforming public administration to increase efficiency, transparency and accountability and improve translation of program goals into concrete measures.
- Limitations in impact analysis stem from: lack of a comprehensive monitoring system initially; weak capacities in line ministries; and a statistical data collection system focused more on quantitative than qualitative data.

### Framework for implementation (principles and structure)
- Principles guiding implementation:
  - (i) Mainstreaming poverty reduction into regular government work across line ministries, central institutions, local governments and development partners.
  - (ii) Building strong ownership through inclusive participatory processes emphasizing active involvement of civil society, private and public sectors, and vulnerable groups.
  - (iii) Changing the way Government “does business” by achieving transparency via a well-defined planning process (including improved coordination and prioritization).
  - (iv) Engaging local-level PRS implementation through participation of local governments, NGOs, private sector and donors as part of public administration reform and decentralization.
  - (v) Building partnerships to improve coordination and information sharing.
- Implementation framework components:
  - Policy Committees: Inter-Ministerial Committee and DEPAC.
  - Technical Committees: National Technical Committee (NTC), Pillar Working Groups, Local Council M&E Committees, Civil Society Monitoring Groups.
  - Coordinating body: Development Assistance Coordination Office (DACO) serves as secretariat for coordination, implementation and monitoring.
- Monitoring and evaluation:
  - A Monitoring and Evaluation unit in DACO coordinates collection, collation and facilitation of analysis of poverty-related data.
  - An M&E readiness assessment informed the development of an M&E Plan.
  - Health, Education, Agriculture and WATSAN indicators were reviewed by pillar working groups; new indicators were identified for justice sector and human rights activities.

### Constraints to implementation
- Financing the PRSP:
  - The cost of implementing the PRSP was estimated at US $1.624 billion while the MTEF poverty related expenditures was US $ 683 million.
  - The additional amount required to fully implement the PRSP was estimated at US$ 941 million.
  - Development partners requested government re-prioritise and thereby reduce the gap to US 368.4 million.
  - The actual funding gap of US$ 573 million was not presented to development partners at the CG meeting.
  - At the CG meeting in November 2005, pledges made in support of the PRSP for the period 2005 – 2007 amounted to US$ 874 million; these pledges were mostly reconfirmations of commitments already reflected in the MTEF. The additionality from the commitments made at the CG was only US$ 246 million.
  - In essence, out of the US$1.624 million required to fund the PRSP, commitments were only US$ 929 million creating a funding gap of US$695 million.
- Donor disbursements for PRSP (Table: Donor Disbursement for PRSP)
  - Year 2005 — Amount (mn US$) 336.60
  - Year 2006 — Amount (mn US$) 361.3
  - Year 2007 — Amount (mn US$) 277.2
  - Total — Amount (mn US$) 975.10
- Observations on disbursements:
  - The total disbursements for 2005-2007 were estimated at US$ 975.1 exceeding the commitments made at the CG meeting by US$ 101 million.
  - The extra resources could be attributed to funds from Global Funds that were not part of the programmes highlighted in the PRSP.
  - Earlier at Consultative Group meeting in London on 29th and 30th November 2005, development partners pledged to provide an estimated US $864 million to support implementation of programmes in the Activity Matrix and MTEF for 2005-2007. This figure does not include expected HIPC and MDRI debt relief.

### Capacity and institutional constraints
- Weak or non-existence of required capacity:
  - Weak capacity in line ministries constrained their ability to develop, implement and monitor development programmes.
  - Paucity of capacity within development partners’ offices (Sierra Leone as a post-conflict and non-family station) resulted in decisions made at regional or headquarters levels, delaying implementation.
  - Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and Parliament lacked capacity to effectively monitor the PRSP.
  - Private sector development promotion was constrained because most Sierra Leoneans lacked the know-how or capital to participate effectively.
- Internalizing the PRSP:
  - MDAs and local councils often could not internalise the PRSP and viewed it as a separate project distinct from routine programmes, negatively impacting implementation.
- Lack of timely and reliable statistics:
  - The absence of timely and reliable statistics hindered determination of baseline information, realistic target setting, regular reporting and country comparisons.

### Monitoring, evaluation and indicators
- M&E readiness assessment led to an M&E Plan and indicator reviews to ensure consistency with the PRSP Results Framework.
- The M&E unit in DACO coordinates data collection, collation and analysis across sectors and pillars.
- Identified needs include strengthening district-level M&E capacity and improving qualitative data collection and dissemination.

*Source: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.*

### 1.2 Lessons Learnt

### 1.2 Lessons Learnt

### Targets and resource coherence
- Development partners’ reprioritisation reduced the funding gap from US$941 million to US$ 368 million, but the targets were not revised accordingly.
- Government monitored implementation of programmes for which funds were not available nor expected.
- Weak coherence between available resources and targets contributed to non achievement of some PRSP goals and targets.

### Intersectoral linkages
- PRSP emphasised need for strong inter sectoral linkages, but in implementation sectors focused primarily on activities within their respective sectors.
- No strong collaboration was realised between the various units in different sectors responsible for implementing programmes.

### Implementation and national priorities
- Funding tended to follow development partners’ preferences rather than national priorities.
- Technical assistance programmes received prompt funding, while donors shied away from implementing the SES programme.
- Funds were quickly provided to support CSO or related activities but were not adequately provided to support the energy sector.

### Need for a resource mobilisation strategy and an Aid Policy
- Resource mobilisation was primarily based on CG meetings and bilateral ad hoc meetings; no clear strategy existed to close the funding gap.
- Recommendation: develop and adopt a resource mobilisation strategy that:
  - focuses on mobilising resources not only through CG meetings but also through Round table discussions based on specific sector support;
  - broadens the donor base to encourage new donor partners to support Sierra Leone.
- Recommendation: develop an Aid Policy to clearly define roles and responsibilities of Government and development partners and provide clear guidelines on aid management issues.

### Need to strengthen capacity across board
- Lack of capacity in line ministries and development partners’ offices influenced implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the PRSP.
- Recommendation: develop a comprehensive capacity building programme to address capacity requirements across board.

### Need to streamline and rank priorities
- PRSP was viewed by some development partners as wanting to do everything even after reprioritisation.
- Recommendation: streamline the next PRSP, clearly define priorities for the next three years, and rank priorities to ensure sequencing that produces positive cross-sector effects.

### Key findings — Pillar One (public sector governance, peace, security)
- Public sector reform: Management and Functional Reviews were conducted for several MDAs but recommendations were not implemented.
- Senior Executive Service (SES) programme developed but funds not provided due to lack of agreement on implementation strategy.
- A 90-day review of Civil Service architecture was conducted; the ESO was converted into a HRMO.
- Capacity shortfalls in the Civil Service remain a serious challenge for implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

- Public Financial Management (PFM):
  - MTEF budget process strengthened.
  - All MDAs now prepare strategic plans aligned to PRSP objectives.
  - An Integrated Financial Management Integrated System (IFMIS) have been installed and implemented in key MDAs.
  - Internal Audit Units have been established in 14 MDAs.
  - National Public Procurement Authority (NPPA) secretariat is fully operational with an Independent Review Panel; procurement units established in all procuring entities.
  - Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) and related Public Perception Surveys are regularly conducted and action plans developed.

- Decentralisation:
  - 19 out of the 34 functions have been devolved to local councils.
  - 14 out of the 19 elected councils have met the transparency and financial management accountability requirements.
  - A Chiefdom Governance Act has been developed and approved by Parliament.

- Anti-corruption and statistics:
  - Anti corruption cases were fast tracked through a Fiat mechanism but the arrangement has been repealed.
  - National Anti Corruption Strategy (NACS) revised and being implemented.
  - Central Statistics Office reformed into Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL); SSL conducted a MICSIII and CWIQ; a DHS is ongoing and a SLHIS is planned for 2009.
  - Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security conducted PSIA; CESPA conducted a Public Perception Survey; annual PETS and VAM conducted by MOF and MAFS respectively.

- Peace, justice, communications, security:
  - TRC recommendations gradually implemented via Government’s White Paper; Human Rights Commission established.
  - NEC strengthened and conducted peaceful general and parliamentary elections in 2007.
  - Comprehensive Justice Sector Strategy developed and implemented.
  - ENCISS programme implemented to facilitate constructive dialogue between Civil Society and the State; communications strategy developed and implemented.
  - Police and Military restructured and retrained; Office of National Security strengthened to coordinate security issues.

- Remaining challenges (Pillar One):
  - Civil Service reform measures not implemented; paucity of required capacity persists across MDAs.
  - Further PFM improvements needed: strengthen budget preparatory process to ensure timely laying in Parliament per GBBA; extend IFMIS to all MDAs.
  - Procurement: ensure adherence to procurement rules and regular public publication of procurement awards in accordance with national procurement law.
  - Intensify fight against corruption: NACS should be endorsed by Parliament and adequately funded.
  - Intensify implementation of devolution plan: review conflicting Acts and build capacity of local councils to coordinate and supervise district programmes.

### Key findings — Pillar Two (food security, infrastructure, PSD, mining, youth)
- Food security and job creation:
  - Rice production increased from 526,619 in 2004 to 637,983mt in 2007.
  - Earnings from Cocoa and Coffee increased from US$503,800, US$5,659,100 in 2004 to US$1,854,700 and US$11,368,100 10 2007 respectively.
  - Cattle, Sheep and Goats production also increased from 150,000, 300,000, 350,000 heads 345,000, 540,000 and 630,000 heads in 2007 respectively.
  - Domestic fish production also increases during the period.

- Supportive infrastructure:
  - Attempts to improve electricity supply were not successful; the Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project did not come on stream as expected and short term electricity supply arrangements for Freetown were implemented only until late 2007.
  - Road network: about 500 km of gravel roads were rehabilitated and over 1200km of trunk roads constructed and maintained.
  - ICT: liberalisation led to establishment of five mobile companies; mobile network extended to 80 percent of the country with investments estimated at over US$125 million. VSAT connections increased reducing dependence on international bandwidth.

- Private Sector Development (PSD) and youth:
  - Diagnostic Trade Integrated Study (DTIS) conducted and an Action Matrix developed.
  - Legislation on General Law and Business Registration enacted to simplify administrative procedures.
  - Public–Private Partnership schemes promoted; agro businesses supported via skills and food processing centres.
  - Youth employment promoted through Agricultural Farms for Youth, Youth Enterprise Development Schemes and employment in Public Works.

- Remaining challenges (Pillar Two):
  - Tourism: no programmes developed or implemented to promote the sector; tourist sector needs support for private sector promotion and rehabilitation/preservation of historic landmarks and sites.
  - Youth employment programmes need coordination and integration into a single strategic framework.
  - PSD requires strengthened infrastructure: energy supply must be improved and maintained at affordable rates; roads network needs proper rehabilitation and continuous maintenance; intensify rehabilitation of feeder roads to agricultural areas.
  - Mining: diamond exports increased from US$126.65 million in 2004 to US$ 141.50 million in 2007, but the mining sector needs streamlining to maximise government revenue and community development benefits.

### Key findings — Pillar Three (human development: education, health, water, housing, vulnerable groups, environment)
- Education:
  - Universal access increased; NER increased though girls-to-boys ratio remained constant.
  - Girls’ access to secondary schools increased significantly.
  - Pupil teacher ratio target not achieved largely due to ceiling on teacher recruitment.
  - Passes for BECE and NPSE increased steadily.

- Health and nutrition:
  - 867 Public Health Units were fully operational.
  - Infant, Child and Mortality ratios reduced slightly but remain amongst the worst in the world.
  - Malaria interventions: over 300,000 treated bed nets supplied and provision of affordable treatment drugs.
  - HIV/AIDS: continuous provision of condoms, establishment of VCCT sites and provision of ARVs and other support to PLWHA.

- Water, sanitation, environment:
  - Access to safe drinking water and sanitation improved slightly at 49 percent and 35 percent.
  - NaCEF established to boost environmental management.

- Remaining challenges (Pillar Three):
  - NaCEF impact limited due to lack of basic logistics and funds; NaCEF needs support to manage the environment effectively.
  - Access to safe drinking water and health facilities needs improvement within an integrated framework.
  - Education quality: focus needed on quality, strengthen capacity of higher institutions, introduce international standard Post Graduate programmes, align education to national needs, and address provision for those with special needs.
  - Affordable housing for the poor, Child’s First policy and Gender Empowerment were highlighted but no meaningful efforts were made.

### Macroeconomic developments (2005-07) — summary
- Sierra Leone achieved macroeconomic stability with strong growth, moderate inflation, declining albeit high current and fiscal account balances, increased foreign reserves, broadly stable exchange rate, positive real interest rates and a lower external debt burden.
- Sierra Leone reached the completion point under HIPC in December 2006 and qualified for MDRI.
- Program implementation faced difficulties due to fiscal slippages (mainly domestic revenue shortfalls) in late 2006 and 2007 and delays/non-disbursement of some programmed budget support in 2007 over fiscal slippages and fiduciary concerns.
- Government adopted a cash-budget management system in April 2007 to preserve macroeconomic stability; this resulted in improved program performance and attainment of all quantitative performance criteria under the PRGF for end June and end December, 2007.
- However, indicative targets on domestic revenue and poverty reducing expenditures were missed at all test dates.
- The cash budget system resulted in build up of domestic payment arrears and deprived Government of fiscal space to meaningfully implement its poverty reduction strategy.

*Source: _cr08250 - 1.2 Lessons Learnt*

### 2.2 Real Sector Performance

### 2.2 Real Sector Performance

### Real GDP growth and sectoral drivers
- Real GDP grew by 6.8 percent in 2007 after growing by 7.3 percent 7.4 percent in 2005 and 2006 respectively compared to the PRS targets of 6-7 percent.
- Economic growth during the period was driven mainly by buoyant activities in agriculture, mining, construction and services sectors.
- Agriculture and services have contributed the vast majority of GDP since the end of the war, followed by mining, construction and manufacturing.

### Sectoral contributions to GDP growth (PRSP)
- Table: Percentage Contributions to GDP Growth by Sector, PRSP
  - 2005: Agriculture 72.1, Services 26.0, Mining -3.4, Manufacturing 1.1, Electricity and Water -1.0, Construction 5.1
  - 2006: Agriculture 37.4, Services 57.7, Mining 0.2, Manufacturing 4.2, Electricity and Water -0.3, Construction 0.8
  - 2007 (Proj): Agriculture 41.2, Services 33.0, Mining 17.2, Manufacturing 1.0, Electricity and Water -0.9, Construction 8.5

### Inflation dynamics during PRSP
- Annual average consumer price inflation fell to 9.5 percent in 2006 from 12.0 percent in 2005.
- Inflation reverted to double digits reaching 11.6 percent in 2007.
- Contributing factors to the rise in inflation in 2007:
  - Disruptions in the supply of essential goods due to the political crisis in Guinea in the first quarter of 2007.
  - Slowdown in business activities and speculative buying of goods prior to national elections in August and September 2007.
  - Increase in money supply during the first half of 2007.
  - Rise in oil prices towards the end of 2007.

### Key statistics (selected)
- Real GDP: 7.4 (target 2004), 7.0 (2005 target), 7.3 (2005 actual), 7.4 (2006 target), 7.4 (2006 actual), 6.6 (2007 target), 6.8 (2007 actual)
- Consumer Prices (annual average): 14.2 (2004), 4.7 (2005 target), 12.0 (2005 actual), 3.5 (2006 target), 9.5 (2006 actual), 3.5 (2007 target), 11.7 (2007 actual)
- Broad Money (year-on-year): 18.9 (2004 target), 15.1 (2005 target), 32.8 (2005 actual), 13.3 (2006 target), 18.9 (2006 actual), 14.2 (2007 target), 25.9 (2007 actual)
- Reserve Money (year-on-year): 12.6 (2004 target), 11.9 (2005 target), 24.3 (2005 actual), 11.0 (2006 target), 10.7 (2006 actual), 12.2 (2007 target), 26.0 (2007 actual)

*Source: _cr08250 - 2.2 Real Sector Performance*

### 2.7 Challenges to Macroeconomic Stability

### 2.7 Challenges to Macroeconomic Stability

### Macroeconomic context and priorities
- Despite high GDP growth rates in recent years, Sierra Leone faces serious challenges in stabilizing the economy.
- Medium-term economic management will focus on maintaining macroeconomic stability and enhancing competitiveness to place the economy on a sustainable growth path.
- Key issues to be tackled by Government and development partners are highlighted in the following subsections.

### Weak revenue performance
- Findings:
  - Weak domestic revenue collection in recent years worsened macroeconomic stability.
  - Slippages in domestic revenue collection complicated budget execution and undermined macroeconomic stability.
  - Shortfalls in domestic revenue collection led to severe cuts in critical government expenditures including poverty related and capital expenditures, undermining economic growth and poverty reduction.
  - Shortfalls, combined with delays in donor disbursements, increased Government’s recourse to domestic bank financing, which in turn led to macroeconomic instability.
- Policy measures (Government commitments under PRSP II):
  - Improve tax administration and broaden the tax base.
  - Introduce a broad-based Goods and Services Tax.
  - Implement the NRA Modernisation Plan.
  - Strengthen the institutional capacity of the NRA to undertake regular field audit, enforce tax payments and collection of tax arrears.
  - Review all mining and other bilateral agreements entered into by MDAs to minimize tax exemptions.
  - Put in place measures to eliminate discretionary tax waivers.
  - Install the ASYCUDA++ to improve customs valuation.
  - Introduce Tax Payer Identification numbers.

### Unpredictability of budget support
- Findings:
  - The unpredictability of budget support disbursement undermined macroeconomic stability during PRSP I.
  - Shortfalls and delays in the disbursement of budget support compelled Government to borrow from the domestic banking system to finance the budget deficit.
  - Domestic borrowing often fuelled inflationary pressures, thereby undermining macroeconomic stability.

### External shocks
- Findings:
  - Increases in food and oil prices have significantly contributed to inflationary pressures in recent years.
  - The situation is likely to continue during the implementation of PRSP II due to factors including rising world energy demand and pressure on food prices from increasing bio fuel production.
- Policy recommendation:
  - Prudent fiscal and monetary policies will help in containing inflationary pressures.

### High domestic debt burden
- Findings:
  - HIPC and MDRI initiatives have relieved Government of external debt burden, but reducing the level of domestic debt remains a key challenge.
  - Domestic debt stock as at end 2007 was estimated at Le1.2 billion.
  - Domestic interest payments are estimated at nearly 20 percent of domestic revenue.
  - High domestic debt servicing costs crowd out poverty spending and could cause a rise in domestic interest rates, thereby constraining private sector activity.
- Policy implication:
  - Management of domestic debt is crucial for macroeconomic stability and in the medium-to-long term.

*Source: _cr08250 - 2.7 Challenges to Macroeconomic Stability*

### 3.5 Empowerment with Statistics

### 3.5 Empowerment with Statistics

### Availability and role of statistics
- Availability of relevant and timely statistics is critical to enabling conditions for policy development and assessment that allows measuring inputs, outcomes, and impacts.
- Government was committed to enhancing transparency and accountability through supporting the adequate production of quality data in a timely manner.
- Statistics was noted to be a tool to empower the public to effectively participate in the policy-making process, to hold government accountable in the delivery of public services and to ensure evidence-based outcome in the overall process of national development.

### Statistical products and studies produced (review period)
- Multiple Indicator Cluster III Survey 2005.
- Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Survey 2005, 2007.
- Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey 2007.
- Service Delivery and Perception Surveys 2006, 2007.
- Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys and routine sectoral data.
- Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of changes to Agricultural Policies in Sierra Leone.
- Impact of Wage Bill Cap and Teacher Ceiling on the Educational System in Sierra Leone.
- Research on Poverty Reduction Strategy Projects in the Context of addressing Gender Issues.
- These studies provide qualitative information on progress in reducing poverty and were disseminated to the public and widely used in policy advocacy by Civil Society Organisations.

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### 3.6 Consolidating Peace and Peace Education

### Objective and context
- Objective: consolidate peace and facilitate nationwide reconciliation to avert reoccurrence of any form of civil conflict.
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court contributed to Peace Building, but continuous efforts and specific actions are required to provide a peaceful enabling environment needed for programme implementation.

### Government and commission actions for peaceful elections (2007)
- Restructuring (and rebuilding) of the National Electoral Commission (NEC).
- Developing the commission’s staff capacity.
- Establishing an Information Technology (IT) System within the Commission.
- Reviewing Electoral Laws and Regulations.
- Carrying out Electoral Boundary Delimitation of constituencies and local council wards.
- Establishing permanent voters’ register and massive sensitisation of all Sierra Leoneans.
- Outcome: successful and internationally acclaimed free and fair Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in August and September 2007.

### National Commission for Democracy (NCD) activities
- Conducted various workshops in school and tertiary educational institutions on anti-violence.
- Established anti-violence youth corps in schools to sensitise peers.
- Conducted regional seminars & district community meetings.
- Produced and disseminated civic education materials nationwide.
- Coordinated public lectures, press conferences to popularise the concept of good citizenship.
- Coordinated the propagation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) concept.
- Raised awareness among the citizenry in monitoring & improving service delivery.
- Engaged MDAs on their service delivery performance through critical interviews and radio/TV discussions and seminar panels.
- Facilitated media programmes & interactive sessions with schools, tertiary institutions & communities to improve conformity with the law & order.
- Conducted collaborative seminars with law enforcement agencies.
- Collaborated with NEC, PPRC, CSOs, and Security Agencies to forestall and address electoral problems.

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### 3.7 Strengthening National Security

### Rationale and objectives
- Meaningful reduction of poverty is predicated on a strong and effective security system capable of defending the State and protecting its people.
- Government focus: ensure capacity of Sierra Leone security forces is strengthened to promote internal security and respond to internal and external security threats.

### Personnel targets and outcomes
- Sierra Leone Police (SLP) size targeted to increase to 9,500 by end 2006 from 9,324 in 2005. The 9,500 target was only met in 2007.
- Military personnel targeted for reduction from 14,500 in 2005 to 10,500 by end 2007. This target was met.
- Observation: since security threat is now purely internal, there is need for further reduction in the size of the military.

### Reviews, guidelines and disaster management
- Government conducted a Security Sector Review (SSR) and national security exercises in 2005, leading to development of a Security Sector Reform Programme.
- Protective Security Manual were prepared by the Office of National Security (ONS), outlining principles of protective security in the public sector.
- ONS prepared Standard Response Guidelines of the National Security Architecture of Sierra Leone.
- Government set-up a Disaster Management Department within the ONS as ‘Government of Sierra Leone’s primary coordinator for the management of national emergencies including natural and man-made disasters’.
- A National Disaster Management policy and National Disaster Management Plan were developed and implemented.
- At provincial and district levels, disaster management committees were established and coordinated by the ONS and operated within the established provincial Security Committees.

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### Chapter 4: Progress on Pillar II — Promoting Pro-Poor Growth for Food Security and Job Creation

### Pillar two focus
- Implementation of sound economic policies to attain macroeconomic stability and a more favourable environment for private sector development.
- Government focussed on: (1) promoting Food Security and Job Creation (2) Promoting investment in Supportive Infrastructure (3) improving the Climate for Private Sector Development.

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### 4.1 Promoting Food Security and Job Creation

### Strategy
- Achieving Food Security is central to the PRSP; efforts focus on increasing domestic production particularly in agriculture and fisheries.

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### 4.2 Support to Agriculture and Fisheries

### Importance and trends
- Agriculture employs about two-thirds of the population.
- Strategy: increase productivity in food cultivation and promote export of tree crops to improve food availability and increase agricultural export earnings.
- Generally, production of major food crops (rice, cassava, sweet potato and groundnut), livestock (cattle, goat and sheep) and domestic fish rose from 2002 to 2007.

### Table 4.1 key statistics (2002–2007)
- Rice (Paddy) Production (Mt): 422,065 | 445,633 | 526,619 | 526,617 | 875,000 | 637,983
- Cassava Production (Mt): 895,817 | 1,091,178 | 1,759,292 | 2,287,060 | 2,973,100 | 1,236,852
- Sweet Potato Production (Mt): 45,450 | 74,446 | 153,198 | 15,3196 | 168,129 | 158,219
- Groundnut Production (Mt): 98,400 | 117,000 | 152,000 | 56,557 | 115,203 | 118,849
- Cattle Population (Head): 100,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | 313,000 | 345,000
- Goat Population (Head): 250,000 | 300,000 | 350,000 | 450,000 | 548,000 | 630,000
- Sheep Population (Head): 200,000 | 235,000 | 300,000 | 375,000 | 469,000 | 540,000
- Domestic Fish Production (Mt): 66,638 | 82,922 | 120,620 | 132,411 | 124,906 | 134,000
- Fish Imports (Mt): Na | 2,079 | 3,459 | 3,459
- Fish Processors Trained (No): Na | 125 | 2,500 | 2,500
- Fish Ponds Constructed (No): Na | 1,000 | 1,500 | 1,500
- Number of Refrigerated Containers: Na | 6 | 23 | 23

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security

### Rice production and self-sufficiency
- Area cultivated under rice increased by 27.5% in 2007 in comparison to 2005 cropping seasons.
- Rice paddy production increased by 21.2% in 2007 from 2005.
- National self sufficiency level in rice was estimated at 69%, the same figure as in 2005/2006.
- Overall food availability depends on production of other crops (tubers including cassava and sweet potatoes) and import of rice.

### Production of cassava, sweet potato and groundnut
- Cassava production decreased over the PRS implementation period from 2005 to 2007 by 46%.
- Production of sweet potato and groundnut increased respectively by 3.3% and 110% from 2005 to 2007.
- All reported crops declined in production from 2006 to 2007 except groundnut.
- Reported constraints in 2007 included decline of government allocation to the agricultural Ministry, fall in use of fertiliser, herbicides and other farm chemicals, decline in extension packages, and significant reduction in farm holdings despite increased acreage due to tractorisation.

### Livestock
- Continuous increase in livestock production (cattle, goats and sheep) from 2002 to 2007.
- Over PRSP I period:
  - Cattle production increased by 9.3% in 2007 from 2005.
  - Goat production increased by 13.0% in 2007 from 2005.
  - Sheep production increased by 13.2% in 2007 from 2005.
- Increase partly explained by government’s sustained livestock restocking programme after the war.

### Fishery
- Appreciable performance in artisanal and industrial fisheries led to sustained increase in domestic fish production.
- Post-harvest loss in the Artisanal Fishery sector was estimated at 15% in 2005; data for 2006 and 2007 not available.
- Government training programme in fish processing: up to 2,500 people trained in 2007 compared with 125 trained in 2005.
- Government increased refrigerated containers for fish preservation from 6 in 2005 to 23 in 2007.

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### Performance against PRS Targets (Table 4.2 highlights)

### Crop targets and achievements
- Rice (Paddy) Production (Mt):
  - 2005 Target 540,000 | Actual 552,000 | % achievement 102
  - 2006 Target 875,000 | Actual 875,000 | % achievement 100
  - 2007 Target 875,000 | Actual 637,983 | % achievement 73
- Cassava Production (Mt):
  - 2005 Target 1,935,221 | Actual 2,287,060 | % achievement 118
  - 2006 Target 2,100,000 | Actual 2,973,100 | % achievement 142
  - 2007 Target 2,100,000 | Actual 1,236,852 | % achievement 59
- Sweet Potato Production (Mt):
  - 2005 Target 160,856 | Actual 191,498 | % achievement 119
  - 2006 Target 185,368 | Actual 168,129 | % achievement 91
  - 2007 Target 168,129 | Actual 158,219 | % achievement 94
- Groundnut Production (Mt):
  - 2005 Target 95,684 | Actual 167,200 | % achievement 175
  - 2006 Target 110,265 | Actual 115,203 | % achievement 104
  - 2007 Target 115,203 | Actual 118,849 | % achievement 103

### Livestock targets and achievements
- Cattle Population (Head):
  - 2005 Target 250,000 | Actual 200,000 | % achievement 80
  - 2006 Target 313,000 | Actual 313,000 | % achievement 100
  - 2007 Target 313,000 | Actual 345,000 | % achievement 110
- Goat Population (Head):
  - 2005 Target 438,000 | Actual 450,000 | % achievement 103
  - 2006 Target 548,000 | Actual 548,000 | % achievement 100
  - 2007 Target 575,400 | Actual 630,000 | % achievement 109
- Sheep Population (Head):
  - 2005 Target 375,000 | Actual 375,000 | % achievement 100
  - 2006 Target 469,000 | Actual 469,000 | % achievement 100
  - 2007 Target 492,450 | Actual 540,000 | % achievement 110

### Fishery targets and achievements
- Domestic Fish Production (Mt):
  - 2005 Target Na | Actual 111,000 | % achievement -
  - 2006 Target 130,000 | Actual 124,906 | % achievement 96
  - 2007 Target 130,000 | Actual 134,000 | % achievement 103
- Fish Imports (Mt):
  - 2005 Target Na | Actual 2,079 | % achievement -
  - 2006 Target 2,500 | Actual 3,459 | % achievement 138
  - 2007 Target 2,500 | Actual 3,459 | % achievement 138
- Fish Processors Trained (No):
  - 2005 Target Na | Actual 125 | % achievement -
  - 2006 Target 625 | Actual 2,500 | % achievement 400
  - 2007 Target 625 | Actual 2,500 | % achievement 400
- Fish Ponds Constructed (No):
  - 2005 Target Na | Actual 1,000 | % achievement -
  - 2006 Target 1,500 | Actual 1,500 | % achievement 100
  - 2007 Target 1,500 | Actual 1,500 | % achievement 100
- Number of Refrigerated Containers:
  - 2005 Target Na | Actual 6 | % achievement -
  - 2006 Target 7 | Actual 23 | % achievement 115
  - 2007 Target 20 | Actual 23 | % achievement 115

### Observations
- All targets for rice, cassava, sweet potato and groundnut production were met in 2005; in 2006 targets were met except sweet potato; in 2007 only groundnut target was met.
- Shortfalls in 2007 attributable to decline in budget allocation to the agricultural sector, reduction in farm holdings, and declines in use of fertiliser and extension support.
- Livestock production targets were generally met across the PRS period except cattle in 2005.
- Fishery targets largely met in 2006 and 2007, with domestic fish production falling below target by 4% in 2006.

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### Agricultural Export Performance

### Aggregate and commodity-level changes
- Total earnings from the agricultural sector increased by 7.09 % to US$ 13.67 mn in 2007 from US$ 12.76mn in 2006.
- Export earnings from:
  - Coffee increased by 268.1% in 2007 from 2005 (US$ 503,800 in 2005; US$ 1,093,000 in 2006; US$ 1,854,700 in 2007).
  - Cocoa increased by 100.9% in 2007 from 2005 (US$ 5,659,100 in 2005; US$ 11,571,000 in 2006; US$ 11,368,100 in 2007).
  - Fish and Shrimps increased by 483.9% in 2007 from 2005 (US$ 76,000 in 2005; US$ 97,000 in 2006; US$ 443,800 in 2007).
- Note: Export earnings from cocoa marginally fell by 1.8% in 2007 from 2006 due to a slight decrease in production volume from 13.94 thousand metric tons in 2006 to 13.72 thousand metric tons in 2007.

---

*Source: _cr08250 - 3.5 Empowerment with Statistics*

### 4.3 Investment in Supportive Infrastructure

### 4.3 Investment in Supportive Infrastructure

### Improving the Roads and Transportation Network
- Key objectives:
  - (a) improve physical access to rural and riverine communities and markets, through an improved and sustainable trunk and feeder roads system, and coastal and river transport networks;
  - (b) ensure access to affordable basic transport services for the movement of persons, goods and services, especially for the rural areas.
- Public Roads Network totals about 11300km:
  - 8000km is the national Road System comprising Primary, Secondary and Feeder roads.
  - 3300km are local and unclassified roads.
- Baseline and progress for gravel and trunk roads:
  - Baseline figure for gravel roads constructed and maintained is 1350km in 2004; increased to 1874km by end 2006.
  - All weather trunk roads constructed and maintained increased from 581 km in 2004 to 1774 km by end 2006.
  - Primary and secondary roads maintained by end 2006: 375 km and 2722km respectively nationwide.
- Data note:
  - The figures for 2007 were not available.

### Improving Energy and Power Supply
- Overall objective: expand the population’s access to reliable supply of modern energy services.
- Medium-term focus:
  - increase the number of district headquarter towns with electricity;
  - ensure minimum continuous electrical power supply for Freetown.
- Installed generation capacity in Freetown:
  - 26.5 megawatts in 2004.
  - A 6 megawatts generating plant installed in 2006 increased installed capacity to 31.33 megawatts in 2006.
  - Estimated overall energy requirement for Western Area: 100 mw.
- Late 2007 measures and capacities:
  - Two Independent Power Providers engaged:
    - The Global Trading Group (GTG) for provision of 15 MW already installed at Kingtom for one year.
    - Income Electrix Limited (IEL) for the provision of a total of 25 MW.
  - With installation capacity standing at 39.16mw and 10mw at the Kingtom and Blackhall Road Power Stations respectively, the available generation capacity by end 2007 came up to 31 MW.
- Bumbuna hydroelectric project status:
  - about 95% of the civil, hydroelectric and electromechanical works on Bumbuna were complete;
  - dam crest and asphalt milling was complete;
  - tower controls work and installation of control cables were in progress;
  - power house civil structure was 95% complete;
  - the two turbines embedded and their control panels already positioned.
- Regional and district works:
  - Bo-Kenema Power Station (BKPS) rehabilitated for extension of power supply to towns and villages in and around Bo and Kenema.
  - In Pujehun District, a 500KVA generating plant was installed and commissioned.
  - Moyamba and Makeni were also provided with the necessary electrical power systems.
  - Operational constraint: infrequent supply of electricity in these areas due to the unavailability of fuel.

### Improving Access to ICT products
- Strategy: attract investment in telecommunications to provide and maintain quality services at affordable prices.
- Liberalisation outcomes:
  - Issue of eight (8) GSM licenses and establishment of five (5) mobile phone companies.
  - Mobile phone network coverage extended to eight (8) out of twelve (12) districts of Sierra Leone.
  - By end 2006, mobile companies were estimated to have invested over US $125 million in the country.
- International bandwidth and services:
  - About 30 licenses provided for two-way satellite Internet services using Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT), providing connection directly to the United States of America and European networks; reduced dependence on the national carrier for international bandwidth.
  - New technologies introduced by Israeli Telecommunications Company Sierra-Com for high speed broadband wireless internet and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoiP).
- Service provider and tele-centre expansion:
  - By end 2006, 25 Internet service providers were registered.
  - Over 1000 tele-booth operators were reported to have opened tele-centres and telephone booths in Freetown and some provincial towns.

### Promoting Private Sector Development
- Policy focus: create enabling environment for private sector activities to achieve sustained growth, job creation and increased incomes.
- Medium-term emphasis:
  - development and implementation of an Action Matrix on the Diagnostic Trade Integrated Study (DTIS);
  - addressing trade-related regulatory and policy issues;
  - promoting public-private partnership;
  - developing agro-processing.
- Action Matrix on the DTIS / Integrated Framework (IF):
  - A Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS) was conducted and an Activity Matrix developed.
  - Funds have been committed by the IF Trust Fund Manager and implementation of a tourism project by the National Tourist Board has commenced.
  - Another approved project under the IF relates to trade information network and trade capacity building for the Ministry of Trade and Industry.
  - Four priority projects on aquaculture, Cultural Heritage Ginger, Chilli and Cashew Nuts were considered by the Local Project Appraisal Committee (LPAC) for submission for funding under the Enhanced Integrated Framework.
- Trade-related regulatory and policy progress:
  - A national policy document on Intellectual Property Rights was produced and approved by the relevant stakeholders.
  - A Legal Clinic was conducted for legal practitioners and key enforcement agencies like the Police, Pharmacy Board and the National Revenue Authority.
  - The country submitted its intellectual property rights needs assessment and financial cooperation document to the TRIPS Council of the World Trade Organization.
  - Drafting of appropriate legislation on copyright, trademark, patent and industrial designs has been in progress.
- Business environment reforms:
  - Two new legislations enacted: The General Law Act (2007) and the Business Registration Act (2007); public sensitisation carried out on these legislations.
  - An Act passed establishing SLIEPA to replace SLEDIC; a Board of Directors constituted and staff recruited for SLIEPA.
- Public-private partnership and investor outreach:
  - An Investors Conference was held in 2006 and a follow up mechanism for interested investors was developed.
  - Public-Private Partnership initiatives promoted with assistance from donor partners.
  - A joint programme for Private Sector and Youth Enterprise Development was developed by UNIDO, UNDP, UNIFEM and FAO, under which a Public-Private Consultative Mechanism would be established.
- Agriculture / Agro-processing:
  - Skills and Food Processing Centres destroyed and looted during the War were rehabilitated and re-equipped in Growth Centres including Pujehun, Kpandebu and Binkolo.
  - A Business Plan developed in August 2006 and an Agricultural Machinery Production Centre (AMPC) established at the Ferry Junction in Freetown, aimed at establishing an Agricultural Machinery Training and Production Centre and facilities for an industrial park of metal work enterprises.

### Promoting Youth Employment
- Agricultural farms and business units established for youth employment:
  - 51 micro-farms established.
  - 41 macro-farms established.
  - 700 Agricultural Business Units established.
  - Under animal husbandry, 12 farms for young women in all provision districts were established.
  - Additional proposals emerging from the Youth Employment Scheme and the Peace-building Fund for large scale youth employment.
- Youth enterprise development programmes:
  - Six enterprises in six districts targeting girls in the street established.
  - One medium size enterprise for palm kernel processing established.
  - One medium size pottery enterprise established.
  - Additional proposals and initiatives underway, including those supported under the Peace-building Fund.
- Employment in public works:
  - Youth Action in Community Environmental Works Project engaged:
    - 600 youth in the Western Area,
    - 200 in Bo District,
    - 150 in Kenema District,
    - 200 in Makeni,
    - 150 in Kono.
  - Supported by the Youth Enterprise Scheme (YES).
  - Youth also employed under Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA) public works, under the National Commission and Social Action (NaCSA) projects and as Peer Educators in 42 chiefdoms under a programme supported by the UK-Department for International Development.
  - Youth employed as Lifeguards, Combers, Parking Assistants and Wardens in various Beaches in the Western Area.

### Promoting Human Development — Education (Section 5.1)
- Policy focus: expand access to and quality of basic education (2005-2007) with special attention to the girl child; pursue reforms to (1) streamline and reorganise educational institution network, (2) implement teacher training programmes, and (3) review school programmes.
- Monitoring indicators: gross enrolment rate in primary and junior secondary schools, net enrolment rate (NER), female enrolment rate, exam passes, pupil teacher ratio (PTR).
- Primary Net Enrolment Ratio (NER):
  - Recorded at 101% by end 2007, in excess of the target of 67%.
  - Attributed to compliance with the 2004 Education Act requiring children of primary school going age (6-11years) be sent to school and increased community schools.
- Junior Secondary School (JSS) Net Enrolment Ratio (NER):
  - Target for this indicator was 21% by end 2007.
  - There was a shortfall of this target by 8% (i.e., actual 13%) compared to a shortfall by 2% of the 15% target by end 2006.
  - Main factors: early marriage for girls and commercial activities such as street trading and mining.
  - Government’s girl child support policy increased NER above the baseline of 12% in 2004 and was extended to the Western Area and the Southern Province in 2007.
- Ratio of girls to boys in primary education:
  - Target: remain the same as the baseline of 10:11 in 2004.
  - Ratio was maintained from 2005 to 2007.
  - National Primary School Examination (NPSE) results — girls passing:
    - 20,064 girls passed the NPSE in 2005;
    - 24,133 in 2006;
    - 30,000 in 2007.
  - Contributing factors: ‘free education’ policy for government and government-assisted primary schools and community involvement in establishing new schools.
  - Recommendation: fees be paid to all primary schools at the beginning of every academic year to obviate head teachers demanding fees when fee subsidies are delayed; match amount provided per child with the rate of inflation.
- Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education:
  - Target: remain the same as the baseline of 10:15 in 2004.
  - Ratio was maintained from 2005 to 2007.
  - BECE girls passing:
    - 5,096 girls passing in 2005;
    - 7,340 in 2006;
    - 11,110 in 2007.
  - Recommendation: raise level of sensitisation and pass bye-laws by local councils to support increasing girl education enrolment.
- Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR):
  - Primary PTR target of 50:1 was not achieved; the ratio remained at the baseline level 66:1 throughout.
  - Notes:
    - Increase in primary access due to free tuition and payment of examination fees.
    - Policy of teacher ceilings impeded achieving PTR target.
    - Need to review the teacher ceiling to be directly related to the target of 44:1 as required by the education policy to reduce overcrowded classes.
  - Junior Secondary School PTR:
    - Teacher ceiling also impeded achievement of JSS PTR target of 28:1; secondary schools lack enough teachers to cover all disciplines.
    - Recommendation: review teacher ceiling to achieve 28:1 target.
- Examination passes:
  - National Primary School Examination (NPSE) percentage passes:
    - 72% in 2005;
    - 73% in 2006;
    - 69% in 2007.
  - Target of 75% passes not achieved; annual increases in passes over 2005-2007 partly explained by increased enrolment.
  - Recommendations to increase passes: supply more teaching and learning materials to primary schools; regular in-service training for all teachers at this level.
  - Girl NPSE passing:
    - Government target for 2006 was 69% and it was surpassed slightly by 0.2% and was above the baseline figure of 68% in 2005 by 1.2%.
    - Recommendations: motivate teachers to teach in rural areas (remote area allowances and staff quarters) to enhance girls’ education.
  - Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) passes:
    - Target of 53% for 2006 was exceeded by 2.3%, an improvement by 7.8% relative to the baseline figure of 47.5% in 2005.
    - Pass trend continued to increase in 2007, recording excess of 3% above the 53% target.
    - Recommendation: regular in-service training for teachers at the JSS level.
- Textbook-pupil ratio in the 5 weakest districts:
  - Target of 1:4 was not achieved countrywide, except in Bonthe and Moyamba Districts (Moyamba being an operation area for PLAN Sierra Leone).
  - Suggestion: improve ratio by distributing books in stock (such as those under SABABU education project) to schools.

*Source: _cr08250 - 4.3 Investment in Supportive Infrastructure*

### 5.2 Health

### _cr08250 - 5.2 Health

### Peripheral Health Units (PHU)
- Substantial progress in re-establishing PHUs after the war.
- By end 2006, a total of 867 PHUs were fully functional, exceeding the baseline of 668 in 2004 and target of 768 in 2006; data not available for 2007.

### Mortality Rates
- Mortality indicators are typically measured at least every five years; latest performance data obtained for 2005 relative to the National Population Census 2004 baseline.
- Infant Mortality rate reduced from 170/1000 in 2004 to 115/1000 live births in 2005.
- Under Five Mortality rate reduced from 286/1000 in 2004 to 203/1000 live births in 2005.
- Maternal Mortality rate reduced from 1800/100,000 live births in 2004 to 1600/1000,000 live births in 2005.
- Data not available for 2006 and 2007.

### Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel
- Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel increased from 33% in 2004 to 42% in 2005.
- The 42% figure remained unchanged up to end 2006; data not available for 2007.
- In 2006, about 526 Maternal and Child Health aides (MCH Aides) were trained nationwide to increase skilled deliveries and provide other services including Health talks, Growth Monitoring and Promotion, Immunisation, Treatment of Minor aliments, Outreach Services, and Referrals.

### Vaccination Coverage
- Routine immunization coverage increased significantly.
- DPT3 coverage increased from 56% in 2004 to 96% in 2006; data not available for 2007.
- The Ministry of Health and Sanitation introduced the five in one (Pentavallent) vaccine in 2006 to help reduce dropout rates and improve DPT3 coverage.

### Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs)
- In 2006, a total of 1,478,584 Insecticide Treated Bed Nets (ITNs) were distributed nationwide through public health facilities, exceeding the number distributed in 2004 (60,000) and the target number of 180,000 in 2006.
- This total included nets distributed during the Measles-Malaria campaign.
- An additional 100,000 ITNs were distributed through social marketing.
- Data for 2007 were not available.
- The number of pregnant women sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets increased from 2% in 2004 to 10.3% in 2005; data not available for 2006 and 2007.

*Source: _cr08250 - 5.2 Health*

### 6.2  Pillar  II:  Promoting  Pro-Poor  Growth  for  Food  Security  and  Job

### _cr08250 - 6.2  Pillar  II:  Promoting  Pro-Poor  Growth  for  Food  Security  and  Job

### Promoting Private Sector Development — Obstacles to Implementation
- The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) is severely constrained by a lack of human and technical capacity.
- The Policy, Planning and Research Division (PPRD) currently implements most of the more active programmes in the Ministry and has only two full time staff, who are in the Ministry as part of technical assistance provided by development partners.
- PPRD is not included in the MTI annual budget and therefore is constrained in terms of logistics.
- The Trade and Industry wings of MTI suffer from a lack of technical knowledge and skills in trade, investment and private sector issues.
- The lack of regular power supply and telephone connection affects regular internet access and routine work.
- Untimely disbursements of funds due to dependence on donors, as well as inadequate funding from government, affect implementation of the Ministry’s programmes.
- Non implementation of the recommendations of the Functional Review of MTI hinders timely implementation of projects.
- Slow response and lack of policy synergy amongst MDAs.

### Promoting Private Sector Development — Recommendations
- Build the Ministry’s technical, human and logistical capacity to enable response to the challenges of the modern global trading system and to fulfil its role in supporting private sector development.
- Development partners should enter into joint programming to support trade and private sector development, e.g., the UNDP/UNIDO/FAO joint programme on Private Sector and Youth Enterprise Development.
- Improve effective coordination amongst MDAs as well as the private sector.
- Government should upgrade its salary structure to attract highly trained personnel into MTI.

### Promoting Youth Employment — Obstacles to Implementation
- Poor enabling environment for investment inhibits private sector growth and expansion of businesses and job opportunities for youth.
- Limited skills profile for youth reduces their employability.
- Data unavailability particularly on the labour market demands.
- Poor inter-institutional programming coordination.
- Young people’s attitudes to work not encouraging (mismatch between the jobs youths want and what is available).

### Promoting Youth Employment — Recommendations and Findings
Access to Funding
- The CG Meeting in London generated donor interest in the youth sector; follow-up included preparation of the Youth Employment Programme.
- No specific pledges were made for promoting youth employment; the EU, Germany and the UNDP did express interest.
- Donor funding for youth employment is still at a creeping level.
- Government budgetary allocation for youth development programme should e increased.

Data on Youth Employment
- Data unavailability is a major obstacle in programming for youth employment; labour statistics are hard to come by.
- Existing surveys (World Bank and Government; GTZ/Ministry of Labour) are few and uncoordinated and do not give the full picture.
- Need to establish a data bank on employment statistics and set up mechanisms for periodic publication of employment information from both the public and private sector.

Coordination of Interventions
- Numerous youth-sector interventions occur with little reference to each other, making impact assessment difficult.
- Need to coordinate all interventions promoting youth employment across Government (central and local), UN Agencies, INGOs, NNGOs, Private Sector operatives, etc.
- Improve monitoring and evaluation of youth employment programmes.

### Agriculture — Obstacles to Implementation
- Delayed disbursement of funds.
- Inadequate funds for food security activities.
- Lack of credit facilities for farmers and entrepreneurs (male and female) engaged in promoting food security activities.
- Non existence of irrigation systems; heavy reliance on rain fed agriculture.
- Limited Post-harvest facilities such as rice mills, smoke houses, refrigerator/cold rooms, drying floors and stores.
- Poor feeder road network.
- Poor fisheries infrastructure (lack of centralized fish harbour, poor out-station facilities, absence of fish landing ports in the artisanal sector).
- Inadequate monitoring of activities on high seas due to poor logistics (boats, communication equipment).
- Weak rural infrastructure (road, vehicular and river transport, markets) energy and power.
- Poor remuneration and inadequate support for capacity building causing a weak extension system.
- Lack of adequate support for Data Collection and Processing, monitoring and evaluation.
- Non-existence of rural electrification.
- Low participation of the private sector in value adding processes (processing, storage and marketing) for food security products.

### Agriculture — Recommendations
- Government and development partners to increase funds for food security activities in Line with the Maputo Declaration for the Development of the Agriculture Sector, which states that, African Governments should allocate at least 10% of the National budget to the agriculture sector.
- Encourage private sector investment in fisheries surveillance.
- Construct fish harbour and facilities for fish handling and discharge.
- Improve access to production areas and markets (feeder roads and bridges).
- Improve access to affordable credit for farmers and entrepreneurs (male and female) engaged in food security promotion activities.
- Invest in Post-harvest technologies for food security products.
- Develop and maintain water control structures (irrigation and drainage systems).
- Develop rural electrification.
- Provide adequate support to data collection and processing, monitoring and evaluation systems.
- Establish and support quality control laboratory.
- Support refrigerated storage facilities.
- Product diversification through encouragement of diversified Agricultural production.

### Investing in Supportive Infrastructure — Obstacles to Implementation

Roads Network
- Most of the feeder road projects are donor funded and there have been delays in procurement procedures from Donors/Development partners (EU, IDB).
- The road user levy from the price of petroleum products is extremely small.

Electrical Power Supply (National Power Authority [NPA] issues)
- Electricity tariff is one of the highest in the world, but the current tariff is below the generation cost.
- Technical and commercial losses are extremely high - they are in the region of 40%.
- NPA workforce is about 200% overstaffed.
- Non payment of electricity bill by most government and domestic customers.
- The most use base load generators have outlived their economic lives and unavailable generating capacity was 85%.
- Little or no budgetary allocations to accelerate the implementation of provincial town electrification; provision of power systems to district headquarters towns depended on donor, philanthropic, and community interventions.

Freetown Water Supply (Guma Valley Water Company [GVWC])
Technical
- Existing dam capacity is far below the demand due to population growth and expansion of the city.
- The Guma dam and the treatment plant at Guma have reached their maximum operating capacities; increasing dam capacity would affect the foundation.
- The Congo catchment is small and older than Guma; technically nothing can be done to increase its capacity.

Financial
- The average water tariff was Le 7.84/gallon, which is below the production cost of Le 9.8/gallon.
- The average domestic and commercial tariffs were Le 2.68/gallon and Le 13/gallon respectively.
- These tariffs are about 30% of the sub-Saharan Africa’s average tariff.
- Illegal connections.
- Non payment of bills.
- Lack of funds to upgrade Allen Town catchment.
- Removal of water meters.

Environmental
- Interference of human activities (development of settlement) hinders development of new sources.
- Volume of water from the Thunder-Hill and Mamba Ridge is reducing due to deforestation.
- Obsolete water Act [1961].

### Investing in Supportive Infrastructure — Recommendations

Roads Network
- Government to consider increasing the roads user cost levy in the price of petroleum products.

Electrical Power Supply
- Stabilize and turn around the current power crisis through:
  - Earliest possible repair of existing thermal units and Government’s intervention through fuel supply subsidies;
  - Upgrade as quickly as possible the transmission network in Freetown and major towns;
  - Adjust power tariffs to reflect production costs under reasonably efficient production and distribution assumptions;
  - National introduction of pre-payment meters to enhance revenue collection and operational efficiency.
- Increase the generating capacity of Freetown to at least 100 MW and add generation capacity in selected towns; continue improvements of the distribution systems.
- Completion of the Bumbuna hydropower project and associated transmission line; develop new hydroelectric power projects through independent power producers.
- Further analyse and develop potential for mini-hydropower schemes, solar power schemes, biomass schemes, and other opportunities for rural electrification.
- Reform and restructure NPA; negotiate a management contract with a qualified firm to take over NPA management and resurrect its operational status.
- Complete downsizing of staff with associated termination benefits.
- Prepare a comprehensive energy sector policy document.

Freetown Water Supply
- Develop another dam, preferably in the eastern part of Freetown, with the right conventional treatment plant.
- Adopt a more realistic tariff to enable GVWC to be in a better financial position to develop other sources — GVWC prepared a Corporate Development Plan under the current Power and Water Project Technical Assistance Programme, funded by the World Bank, to ensure a financial breakeven by the year 2008; the Plan assumes a tariff increase of twenty seven percent in July 2006. Government approval to apply proposed tariff adjustment is vital.
- Government consumers should consider making payments of arrears for water charges to enable capital works.
- Solicit support from the Law enforcement department to combat illegal connections.
- Encourage the public to pay for water fetched from public standpipes.
- Update the 1961 Act on Water Supply and Usage.
- Demarcate and protect all forest reserves and catchment areas; prohibit clearing or construction within such areas to address deforestation impacts.

*Source: _cr08250 - 6.2  Pillar  II:  Promoting  Pro-Poor  Growth  for  Food  Security  and  Job (PDF).*

### 2004.  The Development Assistance Coordination Office (DACO) has been taking

### Monitoring and Evaluation of the PRSP

### Institutional framework for M&E
- DACO established an M&E unit as the focal point for poverty monitoring and to coordinate monitoring activities.
- Pillar Working Groups (PWGs) mandate: regular reporting of progress on indicators; PWGs are sub-divided into Sector Working Groups (SWGs).
- Membership of Working Groups: Government, Donors and Civil Society.
- National Technical Committee (NTC) reviews progress from each Pillar and advises upward to the Development Partnership Committee (DEPAC) and the Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) — the highest policy and political level within the PRS implementation framework.
- Figure 7.1 depicts a four-level institutional framework for M&E: DEPAC/High Policy Level / NTC / Pillar Working Group / District M & E Committees.

### District M&E Committees (DM&ECs)
- DM&ECs formed nationwide through joint effort of DACO and the Decentralisation Secretariat (DECSEC).
- Membership of each DM&EC comprises:
  - Local Council representative
  - District PRS Focal Point
  - Decentralization Secretariat M & E Officer/Coach
  - Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) District Representative
  - Sector Representatives (health, education, agriculture, etc)
  - Civil Society Representative
  - Other members as the committee deems necessary
- Main responsibilities:
  - Monitoring progress in the implementation of programmes at the district level.
  - Overseeing the collection and collation of PRS related data at the district level.
  - Conducting preliminary validation of data before reporting to DACO.
- Local Councils lead overall M&E process at districts. PRS Focal Persons (FPs) deployed in all 12 provincial districts; FPs coordinate collection and collation of poverty-related data in collaboration with sectoral M&E officers, SSL Officers, DECSEC Coaches and Civil Society Organisations.
- District M&E effectiveness hinges on M&E system designed by the Decentralisation Secretariat, reflecting the PRS Result Framework.

### Information flow and reporting mechanisms
- Information flows from bottom (districts) to top policy level (DEPAC/IMC), with feedback flowing downward.
- Key district sectors: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS).
- Reporting chain:
  - PRS Focal Points liaise with sector M&E Units to provide sector updates and compile updates for DM&ECs.
  - DM&ECs review reports, recommend improvements to sector departments, and forward finalised progress reports to DACO via FPs, copying Local Councils and DECSEC.
  - DACO distributes reports to Pillar Working Groups; these are synchronized with central sector working group updates to produce comprehensive progress report for NTC, hence DEPAC/IMC.
  - DEPAC/IMC reviews overall PRS implementation progress and provides policy guidelines; recommendations communicated back through DACO to national, district and community stakeholders.
- Central-level reporting formats for MDAs include: policy objectives; expected outcomes; indicators; baselines; yearly targets; progress; obstacles to implementation; recommendations. Progress updates collated quarterly for DEPAC and IMC discussions.
- Local-level reporting formats developed by DECSEC track Local Council activities; district reporting currently limited to activity implementation pending a comprehensive district Results Framework.

### Key challenges in M&E
- Weak M&E capacity across stakeholders: MDAs, District Councils and CSOs; capacity gaps are more evident in recently elected district councils, hampering community-level monitoring.
- District structures need strengthening via training, logistics and equipment.
- Lack of clear M&E guidelines undermines routine data collection and reporting despite district development and annual work plans.
- Coordination problems: NGOs sometimes operate in districts without informing local authorities or sectoral departments, undermining data quality and completeness.
- Urgent needs: human resource training, provision of equipment and logistics.

### Strategy for strengthening the M&E system
- Three components identified:
  A. Institutionalising M&E system in MDAs, Local Councils and CSOs.
  B. Strengthening capacity of M&E Units in MDAs, Local Councils and Civil Society.
  C. Enhancing participation of the general public in the M&E process.

- Institutionalising M&E system — planned activities:
  1. Develop and enact M&E policy.
  2. Produce M&E training manuals and guidelines.
  3. Develop and operationalise national and district level M&E databases.

- Strengthening capacity of M&E Units — planned activities:
  1. Train DACO staff, Pillar Working Group members and M&E staff in line ministries, and Local Councils.
  2. Facilitate the development of capacity of CSOs so that they can effectively participate in the monitoring and evaluation of the PRS.
  3. Conduct relevant study tours.
  4. Provide computer equipment and other accessories to M&E practitioners in line ministries and district councils.
  5. Provide vehicles and motor bikes for DACO staff and PRSP focal points in each district.

- Enhancing public participation — planned activities:
  1. Production of quarterly M&E Bulletin.
  2. Printing and dissemination of M&E reports through various media.
  3. Organising regional focus group discussions on M&E results.
  4. Organising weekly/monthly radio/TV discussions on PRS progress.
- Annual progress reports (APRs) shall be disseminated down to chiefdom level and made reader friendly with different versions for all audiences.

### The role of Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL)
- SSL leads production of reliable data for poverty analysis and monitoring.
- Surveys and timing mentioned:
  - Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (SLIHS) of 2003/04 — used in preparation of PRSP (2005-2007).
  - Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey (CWIQS) in 2007 — provided useful statistics on PRSP progress.
  - Demographic Health Survey planned to be conducted in 2008.
- Introduction of Geographical Information System (GIS) improved mapping, data storage, analysis, targeting and coordination.
- Sierra Leone Information System (SLIS) based in DACO and SSL instrumental in integrating GIS in national development processes.
- National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) recently launched covering 2008-2012; implementation of NSDS activities expected to boost NSS capacity and SSL’s role in poverty monitoring.
- NSDS highlights improving routine data systems in key service delivery Ministries — Health, Education and Agriculture — crucial as these are devolved functions to District Councils.
- SSL is working to establish Statistical Units in Ministries lacking one to strengthen the national M&E system.

### The role of research
- Strengthen involvement of research institutions and academia in M&E.
- Plan specialised studies in poverty sectors to support informed policy responses: benefit incidence analysis, poverty mapping, poverty and social impact analysis.
- Examples of past policy research:
  - Ministry of Agriculture with Ministry of Finance conducted Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of agricultural policies.
  - CSOs conducting poverty policy analysis: Action Aid Sierra Leone, Women’s Forum, Network Movement for Justice and Development.
- Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) Secretariat (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development) to be strengthened; PETS surveys have tracked resource flows since 2001 and influenced public financial management and poverty reduction.

### Participatory Poverty Appraisals (PPAs) and surveys
- PPAs continue to be employed using mostly qualitative methods to capture grassroots perceptions of service delivery, governance and corruption at the local level.
- Surveys conducted during PRSP I:
  - Two National Public Service Delivery and Perception Surveys in 2006 and 2007 by CESPA; these informed policy reviews.
  - Mini-survey on service delivery user fee in Health and Education sectors to assess user fee policy effectiveness.
- PPAs and surveys are important instruments for poverty monitoring and measurement of development performance.

### Linking M&E to Results-Based Management
- Government developed a Performance Tracking Table (PTT) to strengthen results management and achievement of PRS targets.
- PTT tracks quarterly progress on poverty-related and non-poverty-related activities; MDAs report quarterly on progress toward end-year targets.
- PTT requires each MDA to define: policy outcomes, sub-policy outcomes/output, baselines, end-year targets, planned quarterly results (progress indicators), responsible departments/units, location of expected results (district, chiefdom, etc.), and remarks.
- PTT has been helpful in updating the PRS Result Framework.

*Source: _cr08250 — Monitoring and Evaluation excerpts.*

### 7.9 Results Framework

### 7.9 Results Framework

### Overview
- Going into the next PRSP (II), the first generation PRS Results Framework shall be reviewed to reflect emerging development issues. New priorities shall be captured in line with the new PRSP.

### Annex 1 — Prospect for the Poor in the Face of National Agricultural Reforms: A Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Changes to Agricultural Policy in Sierra Leone
- Report: Economic Policy and Research Unit, Ministry of Finance, Government of Sierra Leone, May 2007.

H3: On Extension Services
- Key findings:
  - "A genuinely effective and revitalized extension effort can make a significant difference to the productivity of both rural labour and land."
  - Household model evidence: "an average rise in yields of rice of just 15 percent across the country would lead to over 80,000 people being raised out of food poverty, and almost 50,000 being raised out of poverty."
  - "Most farmers however do not currently interact with extension workers, and where they do, they frequently interact more with NGO than with MAFS staff."
  - Farmer field school model shows promise if more resources are given to extension.
  - Input supply is a particular bottleneck: "most farmers do not use any external input other than locally made hand tools and bags."
  - "Given the substantial gains from improved seed and even small amounts of fertilizer by farmers, dealing with this problem will be critical to progress on agricultural productivity in general."

H3: On Feeder Roads
- Key findings:
  - "Most communities have good access to some form of road, but the quality of the road and in particular the number of months in each year during which the road is impassable remains a serious constraint to rural production."
  - Poor access roads increase transport costs and reduce willingness of transport operators to use motorable roads; "the cost of transporting goods rises significantly as the quality of roads declines."
  - Cost–benefit signal: "If the feeder road programme led to a 15 percent increase in farm output, then it would reach break-even point relative to its construction costs."
  - Complementary actions required: "Given, however, the limitation of current extension, input supply and marketing systems, complementary efforts are needed to reap the benefits of improved roads."

H3: On the Rice Tariff
- Key findings:
  - "The change in the rice tariff can be expected to have modest welfare benefits amongst net buyers of rice who are mainly the urban poor."
  - "Given the current price differentials between local and imported rice in Freetown and upcountry, we do not predict major competitive effects to occur as a result of the projected reduction in the rice tariff."
  - "We would not therefore expect the reduction in the tariff to have major effects on the food security pledge made by HE the President."
  - Policy trade-off: "The need of urban consumers must therefore be balanced against the projected fiscal loss from the tariff."

### Annex 2 — Follow-on Study on the Impact of IMF Policies on Achievement of Education MDGs in Sierra Leone
- Report: ActionAid Sierra Leone, August 2007.
- Summary finding: Sierra Leone faces post-conflict challenges to achieve education MDGs: rehabilitation of infrastructure, recruitment of trained teachers, increased budgetary support for materials, and curricular restructuring for human rights and peace education. These needs are constrained by "tight fiscal policies of the World Bank/IMF."

H3: Findings on Public Wage Bill and Caps on Teachers
- Key points:
  - Teacher needs exceed what can be employed under IMF/World Bank ceilings.
  - Few civil society groups are actively advocating to review or remove IMF/World Bank policies that adversely affect education MDGs.
  - Education and Health "are in dire need of attention in the form of massive investment" to achieve PRSP, Vision 2025 and MDGs.

H3: Recommendations — International Monetary Fund
- Urgent need for the removal or review of IMF/World Bank policies that adversely affect the educational MDGs.
- IMF to "give consideration to what had been lost over the conflict years and calculate the growth rate that could reduce poverty to a meaningful level."
- "IMF should cancel the wage bill cap in Sierra Leone and design new monitoring mechanisms that are consistent with the goals and aspirations of the people of Sierra Leone based on future returns and economic development."
- "IMF mission to have forum with the Government of Sierra Leone, Civil Society Organisations/Academics/Parliamentarians and a cross-section of the public spelling out the implication of their macroeconomic policies."

H3: Recommendations — Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
- "Provide a comprehensive list of teacher requirements in the country and financial implications as had been done for the funding gap (ESP, July 2007) to achieve the MDGs."
- "Put in place a strategy to encourage the engagement of civil society groups ... through networking, awareness building and capacity building programmes."
- "Set up a database for teachers in and out of the employ of MEST."
- "Speed up the rehabilitation and reconstruction of educational infrastructure nationwide."
- "Build staff quarters for teachers and ensure attractive conditions of service and salaries."
- "Address traditional and social practices that impede the education and advancement of the girl-child."
- "Make the decentralization of education a reality ... Build the capacity of the District and Local Council Authorities, Devolve Roles and Finances and empower communities to control ownership of local resources."

H3: Recommendations — Ministry of Finance
- "Judicious use of resources including resources accruing from diamonds, rutile, marine and gold to benefit Sierra Leone."
- "Contract more confessional loans and encourage donors to contribute affectively to the improvement in the quality of education, water and sanitation, road network and electrification programme in Sierra Leone."
- "Advocate/lobby for the Operationalisation of the G8 African Action Plan pledge of support to African countries in efforts to improve the quality of education at all levels."
- "Put Team together to develop a macroeconomic model that would be used to explain the workings of the Sierra Leone economy, clearly highlighting the constraints and the multiplier effect of the linking variables."
- "Provide the enabling environment for MEST fully participate in the IMF discussions, EFA-FTI in order to derive the benefit it possesses."

H3: Recommendations — Donors
- "To harmonise Aid to Sierra Leone to avoid wastage and duplication for greater impact on the population."
- "Build the capacity of DACO to effectively monitor Aid disbursement and use in Sierra Leone."
- "Emphasise improvement in education and health and add their voices to the inimical nature of some IMF policies."
- Specific donors and agencies listed to collaborate with Government and MEST to "fund the gap in financing education in Sierra Leone to meet the goals of the SLPRSP Pillar Three—Achievement of Pro-Poor sustainable development through Human resources."
- "Work in concert with the GoSL to development the infrastructure and the provision of sustainable Electricity in the entire country."

H3: Recommendations — Civil Society Organisations
- "Promote advocacy debate and Networking on the activities of IFIs especially the IMF so as to build consensus as to which policy framework would likely lead to the development of Sierra Leone."
- "Monitor IMF Mission Teams so as to create a forum for discussion with them whenever they visit Sierra Leone."
- "Create a forum for debate with grass root people for them to have some basic understanding of economic issues and their implications."
- "Partner with the Sierra Leone Teachers Union (SLTU) in advocating for improved conditions of service for Teachers and the creation of an enabling environment for quality learning and quality teaching."

### Annex 3 — Research on the PRSP Projects (Bo, Bonthe, Bombali, Kenema, Kono Districts and the Western Area)
- Research by Women’s Forum (Sierra Leone) with Support from ENCISS, November 2007.

H3: Main Findings on Gender and PRSP Implementation
- Gender was included but "approached in a fragmented manner" in PRSP planning; mainstreaming needed for women to "feel a sense of belong to the PRSP process."
- Insufficient sex-disaggregated data on women's incomes, livelihoods and constraints; "The use of sex-disaggregated data would determine the number of women who actually benefit from the projects."
- Some PRSP projects benefit women (markets, schools, health centres) but "There are no specially designed programmes for women."
- Barriers remain: user fees, proximity, practitioner training, customs/traditions, and inadequate funding.
- Doubtful that PRSP projects address women's longer-term poverty needs due to inadequate funding.
- Micro-credit issues: high interest rates, household consumption uses leading to no capital and inability to repay; "Proceeds e.g. seed rice from harvest are equally ploughed back into the household."
- Women and women’s groups need help to overcome traditional/institutional barriers to participate in policy-making and implementation, including budget analysis skills.
- Need for deeper analysis of why people, especially women, are poor and the role of gender relations.

### Annex 4 — Result Matrix (selected targets, outcomes and results)
- Strategic plans:
  - Target: "Strategic Plans developed for six key MDAs by June 2006."
  - Outcome: "By June 2007 all MDAs have strategic plans" — Target met.
- Budget timetable:
  - 2006 budget presented to parliament in the last quarter of 2005.
  - "2007 Budget was presented to Parliament on the 27th October 2006 and was passed by Parliament on the 18th December 2006."
  - "2008 Budget was laid before Parliament on 21st December 2007."
- MTEF budget process — publication:
  - Baseline: "All quarterly allocations, revenue and expenditure were published in 2005."
  - Target: "Publication of Governments allocation at most a month after each quarter."
  - Result: "Target not met." (2006 and 2007)
- Public expenditure variation:
  - Baseline: "Variation between overall planned spending and actual expenditure in 2004: 14.6%."
  - Expected outcome: "Variation reduced between overall planned spending and actual expenditure."
  - Results (two series): "1.1% Based on domestically financed discretionary expenditures" and "19.3% Based on domestically financed discretionary expenditures."
- Health and Education spending:
  - "Actual spending on Health and Education closely matched the budget by 98.4% in 2006."
  - "Variation increased in 2007 as actual spending on Health and Education only matched the budget by 52.3 % in 2007."
- Public accounts publication:
  - Target: "Publication of Public Accounts for the financial years 2000-2002 by end of 1st quarter 2006 and Public Accounts for financial years 2003 and 2004 by end 2006."
  - Result: "Target not met but the first volume of the 2000-2002 reports published by parliament; the accounts for 2003 and 2004 drafted and circulated by August 2006."
- IFMIS installation:
  - Baseline: "Foundation modules of IFMIS installed in accountant general’s department in 2005."
  - Target: "IFMIS installed in six key MDAs by end 2006."
  - Target: "IFMIS installed in all MDAs and operational in local councils by end-2007."
  - Result: "Target met."
- Internal audit units:
  - Baseline: "Internal Audit Established in 6 MDAs in 2005."
  - Target: "Seven MDAs have internal Audit units by end 2006."
  - Result: "13 MDAs having Internal Audit Unit" — "Fell short of target by one" (note: text indicates both fell short and later "Target exceeded by one MDA" with lists of MDAs).
- Parliamentary Accounts Committee (PAC) follow-up:
  - Target: "Recommendations of the 2000-2 PAC Implemented by end 2006. Recommendation of 2003 PAC published and implemented (end 2007)."
  - Result: Cases relating to six largest losses forwarded to the Attorney General for legal proceedings. "Target not met."
  - PAC oversight: "PAC to review the 2003 Auditor General’s report by June 2006. PAC to review the 2004 Auditor General’s report by April 2007." — "Target not met."
  - PAC laid before Parliament 2001-03 (vol 1) reports; PAC reviewed 2003 (vol 2), 2004 and 2005.
- Public procurement:
  - Target: "By April 2006, The National Public Procurement Authority and its Secretariat and the Independent Review Panel are staffed and operational." — Result: "Target met."
  - "By April 2007, regular meetings of the NPPA and Appeal Tribunal, and transparency requirements of the Act fully met" — Result: "Target met."
  - Procurement plans: "Eight key MDAs to have procurement plans for MOF approval end 2006." — Result: "18 MDAs produced procurement plans which were approved by MoF" — "Target exceeded."

*Source: _cr08250 - 7.9 Results Framework*

### Annex 4: Result Matrix

### Annex 4: Result Matrix

### Public Procurement and Public Financial Management (PFM)
- Quarterly publication of all awards in accordance with the National Public Procurement Act 2005.
  - Target status: Target not met.
  - NPPA compiled the list of all contracts awarded that exceeded Le.300m for goods and services and Le.600m for works.
  - Publications were only made on the NPPA website.
  - A report on all contracts awarded in 2007 has been prepared by NPPA but not yet gazetted.
- Functional Procurement Units in MDAs established.
  - Procurement Audit conducted annually on about 10 procuring entities.
  - Target status: Target not met, but review of procurement practice carried out; procurement reviews conducted.
- PETS (Public Expenditure Tracking Survey) reporting and related perception surveys.
  - PETS report for 2003 and 2004 published; PETS report for 2005 published.
  - Target status: Target partially met with report for 2003 published; Target not met for 2005 in 2006.
  - Action Plan for 2003 PETS report implemented by end 2006.
  - Action plan for 2005 PETS developed (end 2007). Target met.

### PFM Coordination and Anti-Corruption
- Common Action Plan (CAP) for PFM reform.
  - Two meetings held in 2005.
  - Regular quarterly meetings in 2006 and 2007.
  - Target status: Target met.
- National Anti-Corruption Strategy review and implementation.
  - Review process started in November 2006; completed in June 2007 and presented to Government for adoption.
  - ACC national Strategy fully implemented.
  - Target: 80% of ACC cases lodged are prosecuted and/or completed.
    - Result: 64% ACC cases lodged and completed.
    - Convictions: 3% conviction out of 33 ACC cases investigated and/or prosecuted.

### Devolution and Local Government
- Devolution plan and transfer of administrative functions.
  - Baseline: Administrative functions fully devolved in 2005: 12.
  - Target: Increase the number of devolved functions to 18 (by 50%) by end 2006.
  - Results: 23 out of the 34 functions scheduled devolved in 2006; all 34 scheduled functions devolved by 2007.
  - Note: The functions devolved are associated with Health, Education, Agriculture, Solid Waste Disposal, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation.
- Local Councils meeting transparency and financial management accountability requirements.
  - Target: 10 out of 19 elected local councils meet requirements.
  - Results:
    - As at November 2006 (first CLoGPAS), 10 out of 19 Local Councils met requirements.
    - By 2007, 14 out of 19 elected LCs meet the transparency and the financial management accountability requirement as per LGA 2004 (Section 107, 81, 105).

### Legislative and Institutional Reforms; Elections
- Amendment of Hospital Act and Education Boards Act by end 2006.
  - Task force set up to amend these acts; work was ongoing.
  - New Chiefdom Governance Act approved (status noted).
- Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) meetings.
  - IMC to meet quarterly: Target met.
- National Electoral Commission (NEC) and electoral preparations.
  - Fully operational NEC: Target met.
  - Constituency delimitation exercise completed by end 2006: Target met.
  - Voter registration modalities agreed and well prepared by end of 2006; voter registration conducted successfully: Target met.

### Youth, Civic Education, and Peacebuilding
- Anti-violence workshops and sensitisation in schools and tertiary institutions.
  - 2006: 4 school and 1 tertiary institution workshops conducted — target met.
  - 2007: 4 school and 3 tertiary educational institution anti-violence workshops conducted — target not fully met due to lack of funds.
  - 4 regional and 1 national seminars conducted: national seminar held; 2007 target partially met.
  - Anti-violence youth corps: 1 youth corp established to sensitise peers — target met.
- Civic education and promotion of good citizenship.
  - Targets for 4 regional seminars & 14 district community meetings: partially met (all planned regional seminars conducted).
  - Civic education material produced and disseminated for all 4 regions:
    - Target not met in 2006 and 2007.
    - Clarification: No new material was produced but old ones were updated and disseminated to all regions.
  - Press conferences held and press releases issued to popularise good citizenship: Target met.
  - Propagation of APRM concept: Target met.
- Nationwide awareness in monitoring & improving service delivery.
  - Target met in 2006 and 2007.
  - MDAs engaged on service delivery performance through critical interviews and radio/TV discussions: Target met.
  - Investigative/evaluative meetings with councils conducted.

### Rule of Law, Electoral Peace, and Public-Private Dialogue
- Respect for law and order; media and community engagement.
  - Media programmes & interactive sessions conducted with schools, tertiary institutions & communities to improve conformity with law & order: Target met (2006 and 2007).
- Meetings and collaboration to ensure peaceful electoral process.
  - Meetings held with political parties, the press, youth and district communities.
  - Collaboration with NEC, PPRC, CSOs, Security Agencies to forestall and address electoral problems: Target met.
- Public Private Business Partnership forum.
  - Baseline: No such forum existed up to end 2005.
  - Issue briefs prepared and 5 seminars (4 regional & 1 national) held to examine and agree on plan of action on the formation of the forum.
  - Target status: Partially met with 5 issue briefs prepared (2006 and 2007).

### National Commission for Democracy (NCD) Capacity and Logistics
- Staffing and external expertise.
  - 5 support staff recruited & 1 VSO acquired; 1 VSO replaced.
  - Target: Enhanced capacity of NCD to coordinate advancement of democracy, peace, security & good governance.
  - Result: Increased interaction with external expertise; 1 VSO acquired and working with local staff.
  - Target status: Target not met (overall capacity target not met).
- Logistical support and equipment.
  - Baseline: Inadequate logistical support (outdated & absolute vehicles & equipment such as computers, copiers, etc).
  - 11 new vehicles procured (2 per region, 1 for Chairman of NCD, 1 utility, 1 for Executive Secretary), and 5 new motorbikes procured.
  - Target status: Target not met.
- Office conditions and upgrades.
  - Regional Offices upgraded and Headquarter Office relocated.
  - Target status: Target not met in 2006; Target partially met in 2007.

### Public Service Reform and PRSP Monitoring & Evaluation
- 90-day review of Public Service architecture by end April 2006.
  - Undertake a 90-day review: Target met.
  - A comprehensive Civil Service Reform programme agreed and implemented: ongoing.
  - Restructure 60% of MDAs by end 2006 based on 90-day review recommendations: Target not met.
- Convert the ESO into a HRMO.
  - Cabinet approval on the strategy to convert the ESO to HRMO was received in July 2006.
- Fill vacancies and DACO staffing.
  - All vacancies in DACO to be filled by mid 2006.
- PRSP M&E.
  - A Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for the PRSP developed by end 2006: Target met.
  - Capacity developed for coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the PRSP.
  - The first Annual Progress Report on PRS implementation by mid 2006: Target met.
- Functional planning and M&E units in MDAs.
  - Functional planning and M&E Unit established in four key MDAs by end 2006.
  - Target status: Target partially met.
  - Note: An M&E needs assessment was conducted for establishment of functional M&E units in the ministries of Agriculture, Health, Education and all local councils. The M&E Unit in DACO is now fully operational.

### Security Sector Reform
- Sierra Leone Police (SLP) and RSLAF operations.
  - Increase the number of police to 9500 by end 2006.
    - Result: Target not met; number of SLP increased to 9324.
  - Fully operational SLP: Target status referenced as an objective.
  - Reduce military personnel by end 2006.
    - Result: Troop’s strength was dropped from 14,500 to 10,500.
  - Fully operational RSLAF: Target status referenced as an objective.
- Security intelligence and coordination.
  - Effective security coordination mechanism to be put in place by end 2006.
    - Result: A system of security committees at National, Regional and District levels has been established.

### Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and Trade-Related Assistance
- White paper on TRC implemented; develop Action Plan for TRC recommendations.
  - Target status: Target not met.
- DTIS (Diagnostic Trade Integration Study).
  - Conduct a DTIS by Mid 2006: Target met.
  - Implementation of the Action Matrix under the integrated framework.
  - Develop and approve Action Matrix for DTIS by end 2006: Target met.

*Source: Annex 4: Result Matrix*

### Annex 4: Result Matrix

### Annex 4: Result Matrix

### Private sector policy, regulatory, and competition reforms
- Target: Formulate a SME policy by end 2006.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Target met.
- Target: Partnership Law designed by end 2006.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Target met.
- Target: Implementation of the Action Matrix under the integrated framework.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Implementation of the Action Matrix under the integrated framework.
- Target: Competition policy formulated by end 2006.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Consultations held with development partners on the process for the development of a competition policy.
- Target: Quarterly Public Private Dialogue held.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Target not fully met; an Investors Conference held in March 2006.

### Regulatory and sector legislation
- Target: Implement the recommendations from the Administrative Barriers to Trade study.
  - Baseline 2006: (no baseline number provided)
  - Result 2006: Target met.
- Target: Consolidated Mines and Minerals Act legislated by end 2006.
  - Baseline 2006: The draft consolidated Mine and Minerals Act finalised by the Laws officers department.
  - Result 2006: Consolidated Mines and Minerals Act legislated by end 2006 (implied).

### Agriculture and increased domestic food production (production volumes and targets)
- Rice produced in 2004 (mt): 526,619
  - Target 2006: 875,000
  - Target 2007: 870,000
  - Result 2006: 875,000
  - Result 2007: 637,983
- Cassava produced in 2004 (mt): 1,759,292
  - Target 2006: 2,100,000
  - Target 2007: 2,100,000
  - Result 2006: 2,973,100
  - Result 2007: 1,236,852
- Sweet potato produced in 2004 (mt): 153,198
  - Target 2006: 185,368
  - Target 2007: 168,129
  - Result 2006: 168,129
  - Result 2007: 158,219
- Groundnut produced in 2004 (mt): 152,000
  - Target 2006: 110,265
  - Target 2007: 115,203
  - Result 2006: 115,203
  - Result 2007: 118,849
- Cattle in 2004 (head count): 150,000
  - Target 2006: 313,000
  - Target 2007: 328,650
  - Result 2006: 313,000
  - Result 2007: 345,000
- Goats in 2004 (head count): 350,000
  - Target 2006: 548,000
  - Target 2007: 575,400
  - Result 2006: 548,000
  - Result 2007: 630,000
- Sheep in 2004 (headcount): 300,000
  - Target 2006: 469,000
  - Target 2007: 492,450
  - Result 2006: 469,000
  - Result 2007: 540,000
- Domestic Fish Production (Mt)
  - Baseline 2004: 111,000
  - Target 2006: 130,000
  - Target 2007: 130,000
  - Result 2006: 124,906
  - Result 2007: 134,000
- Fish Imports (Mt)
  - Baseline 2004: 2,079
  - Target 2006: 2,500
  - Target 2007: 2,500
  - Result 2006: 3,459
  - Result 2007: 3,459
- Fish Processors Trained (No)
  - Baseline 2004: 125
  - Target 2006: 625
  - Target 2007: 625
  - Result 2006: 2,500
  - Result 2007: 2,500
- Coffee export (in US$) in 2005: 874,000
  - Result 2006: US$554,765
  - Result 2007: US$1,093,000

### Education: enrolment, pupil-teacher ratios, and examination passes
- Primary Net Enrolment Rate in 2004: 64%
  - Target 2006: 67%
  - Target 2007: 67%
  - Result 2006: 65%
  - Result 2007: 101%
- JSS Net enrolment Rate in 2004: 12%
  - Target 2006: 15%
  - Target 2007: 21%
  - Result 2006: 13%
  - Result 2007: 13%
- Primary pupil-teacher ratio in 2004: 66:1
  - Target 2006: 50:1
  - Target 2007: 50:1
  - Result 2006: 66:1
  - Result 2007: 66:1
- JSS pupil-teacher ratio in 2004: 30:1
  - Target 2006: 28:1
  - Target 2007: 28:1
  - Result 2006: 30:1
  - Result 2007: 30:1
- Ratio of girls to boys in primary education in 2004: 10:11
  - Targets 2006 and 2007: 10:11
  - Results 2006 and 2007: 10:11
- Ratio of girls to boys in JSS education in 2004: 10:15
  - Targets 2006 and 2007: 10:15
  - Results 2006 and 2007: 10:15
- Number of NPSE passes in 2005: 72%
  - Target 2006: 75%
  - Target 2007: 75%
  - Result 2006: 73%
  - Result 2007: 69%
- Girls passing NPSE in 2005: 68%
  - Target 2006: 69%
  - Target 2007: 69%
  - Result 2006: 69.2%
- BECE passes in 2005: 47.5%
  - Target 2006: 53%
  - Target 2007: 53%
  - Result 2006: 55.3%
  - Result 2007: 56%
- Textbook pupil ratio in 2004: 1:5
  - Target 2006: 1:4
  - Target 2007: 1:4
  - Result: Target not achieved (2006 and 2007)

(Note: Examination data sources cited as West African Examinations Council.)

### Health: primary health units, mortality, immunization, HIV/AIDS indicators
- Fully functional PHUs established.
  - Number of PHUs in 2004: 668
  - Target 2006: 768
  - Target 2007: 868
  - (Results not separately enumerated beyond targets)
- Infant mortality rate in 2004: 170/1000
  - Objective: Reduce Infant Mortality.
  - Note: These indicators are measured at least every five years; National Census Report 2004 provides baseline.
- Under Five Mortality rate in 2004: 286/1000
  - Objective: Reduce Infant Mortality.
- Maternal mortality rate in 2004: 1800/100,000
  - Objective: Reduce Maternal Mortality.
  - Note: maternal mortality rate is for 2000; Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2005 gives status for 2005.
- % of one year olds receiving DPT in 2004: 56%
  - Target 2006: 65%
  - Result 2007: 96%
- Pregnant women sleeping under Long lasting insecticide Treated Bed nets in 2004: 2% (baseline)
- Insecticide Treated Bed nets in 2004: 60,000
  - Target 2006: 400,000
  - Result 2007: 1,478,584
- % of births attended by skilled health personnel in 2004: 33%
  - Target 2006: 50%
  - Result 2006: 42%
- Condoms and distribution (HIV prevention)
  - No. of condoms distributed in the last 12 months (target): (13,000,000)
  - Baseline/aggregate cumulative: 7,883,536 (unclear labeling in source)
  - Result: 628,944 condoms were distributed in the last 12 months. Cumulatively, a total of 8,418,909 pieces of condoms have been distributed by the Community conddistribution network through the district health management teams. Social marketing of condoms: 21,880,559 (figure appears in source).
- Percentage of pregnant women attending ANC who are HIV infected (2003): 2.9%
  - Target 2006: 2.2%
  - Target 2007: 2.2%
  - Result 2006: 4.1%
  - Result 2007: 4.4%
- Prevalence rate of STIs amongst adults in 2005: 5.3%
  - Target 2006: 4.0%
  - Target 2007: 4.0%
  - Result 2006: NA
  - Result 2007: 6.2%
- Number of adults diagnosed and treated for STIs in 2005: 54,415
  - Target 2006: 40,811
  - Target 2007: 40,811
  - Result 2006: 74,186
  - Result 2007: 55,035
- % persons 15-49 years infected with HIV in 2005: 1.53%
  - Target 2006: 1.3%
  - Target 2007: 1.3%
  - Result 2006: 1.53%
  - Result 2007: 1.53%
- % persons by sex who know a healthy looking person can have HIV/AIDS in 2005:
  - Baseline: F=54.2%; M=65.1%
  - Target 2006: F=65%; M=75%
  - Target 2007: F=65%; M=75%
  - Result 2006: NA
  - Result 2007: 55.2% for all sexes (data not available by sex)
- % of HIV positive pregnant women receiving a complete course of ARV therapy in 2005: 24%
  - Target 2006: 74%
  - Target 2007: 74%
  - Result 2006: 71.8%
  - Result 2007: 85.6%
- Number of people with advanced HIV infection who received ART in the last 12 months in 2005: 475
  - Target 2006: 2,000
  - Target 2007: 2,000
  - Result 2006: 1,416 people with HIV/AIDS received ART. Data not available by sex.
  - Result 2007: 2,649. Data not available by sex.
- Number of PLWHA households receiving food and nutritional support in the last 12 months in 2005: 737
  - Target 2006: 850
  - Target 2007: 850
  - Result 2006: 993
  - Result 2007: 1,204
- Number of organisations and support groups providing counselling to PLWHA families and orphans and vulnerable children in 2005: 0
  - Target 2006: 20
  - Target 2007: 20
  - Result 2006: 12
  - Result 2007: 15

### Water, sanitation, and waste disposal
- Improved rural & urban solid waste disposal
  - Clean waste disposal sites in 2004: 2 only in Freetown
  - Target 2006: 14 for each District HQ & Freetown
  - Target 2007: 12 for each District HQ
  - Result 2006: 2 only in Freetown
- Safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in communities (households)
  - % of households with access to safe drinking water in 2004: 46%
    - Target 2006: 50%
    - Target 2007: 53%
    - Result 2006: 49%
    - Result 2007: 51.5%
  - % of households with improved sanitation facilities in 2004: 1%
    - Target 2006: 35%
    - Target 2007: 40%
    - Result 2006: 33%
    - Result 2007: 33%
- % of primary schools with water and sanitation facilities in 2004: 35%
  - Target 2006: 40.5%
  - Target 2007: 45%
  - Result 2006: 38%
  - Result 2007: 40%
- % of PHUs with water and sanitation facilities in 2004: 65%
  - Target 2006: 67.5%
  - Target 2007: 70%
  - Result 2006: 66.5%
  - Result 2007: 68%
- Draft water and sanitation policy document: Draft policy Document (status)
  - Stakeholder reviewing of Draft Policy Document: on-going

*Source: _cr08250 - Annex 4: Result Matrix*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/_cr08250.pdf_