## _cr09203 ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [_cr09203](https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09203.pdf) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09203.pdf.md) - [Structured JSON version](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09203.pdf.json) --- ### Introduction and baseline indicators - First PRSP adopted May 2004 to address poverty and living conditions. - Extreme monetary poverty: 34.5 percent (1996) → 42.2 percent (2002). - Relative poverty: 64.9 percent (1996) → 74.4 percent (2002). - Extreme poverty line: just under US$1.8 per person per day. - Relative poverty line: just under US$3 per person per day. - Fixed exchange rate: US$1 = DF 177.72 (since 1977). - Selected social indicators (2002): - Gross enrollment ratio (GER) at primary level: 42.7 percent. - Literacy rate (15+): 18.3 percent. - Infant mortality rate (IMR): 94.6 per thousand. - Infant-juvenile mortality rate (IJMR): 106.2 per thousand. - Maternal mortality rate (MMR): 690.2 per 100,000 live births. - Noted geographic disparities: urban vs rural and Djibouti City vs inland cities. ### PRSP (2004–06) medium-term goals and strategic pillars - Medium-term PRSP goals (by 2006): - Raise average GDP growth over 2004–06 to 4.6 percent. - Reduce incidence of extreme poverty to 36.1 percent. - Increase GER to 73 percent. - Reduce IMR to 90 per thousand and IJMR to 110 per thousand. - Four strategic pillars: 1. Resumption of economic growth and strengthening of competitiveness. 2. Human resources development. 3. Promotion of integrated local development. 4. Improvement of governance and capacity-building. ### Results of PRSP implementation (2004–06) - Aggregate macro performance: - Economic growth averaged 3.7 percent over 2004–06 (PRSP goal 4.6 percent). - Growth by year: 2004: 3 percent; 2005: 3.2 percent; 2006: 4.8 percent. - Inflation averaged 3.3 percent over 2004–06 (PRSP target 2 percent). - Current account deficit averaged 3 percent of GDP (PRSP had counted on 16.4 percent). - Fiscal deficit average: 1.3 percent of GDP; 2005 surplus: 0.2 percent of GDP. - Domestic credit expanded by 8 percent in 2006 compared with 2005. - Social and human development outcomes: - Net access to primary education (2006): 66.2 percent; gender parity index reached 0.98. - Literacy rate among women aged 15–24 improved to 47.5 percent. - IMR decreased to 67 per thousand; IJMR reported as 94 per thousand (EDIM-2006). - Vaccination coverage (children under 12 months): Polio 3: 46.2 percent; BCG: 87.5 percent. - Child nutrition: 30 percent stunted; 20 percent wasting/underweight. - Prenatal care: 92.3 percent of women who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey received prenatal care from qualified personnel; 87.4 percent gave birth at a health center. - Knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention: 40.8 percent of women know at least two methods (urban 41.2 percent; rural 28.1 percent). - Access to upgraded water sources: 93.5 percent overall (Djibouti City 95.5 percent; other districts 83 percent; rural 52.5 percent). - Use of upgraded latrines: 67 percent overall (capital 68.8 percent; rest of districts 57.5 percent; urban 69.1 percent; rural 17.3 percent). - Khat consumption: 25.3 percent overall; men 43.5 percent. - Implementation of planned actions: - Overall implementation rate: just over 43 percent. - Actions fully completed: less than 17 percent. - Actions more than half completed: barely 30 percent. - Over one third of planned actions not started. - Implementation by pillar disparities: pillar 2 (human resources development) ~46 percent implementation. ### Principal shortcomings and challenges (PRSP 2004–06) - Low ownership by sectoral departments; PRSP did not become sole reference frame. - Weak culture of planning, follow-up, evaluation, participation and communication. - Short implementation period and low baseline leave many social indicators weak. - Major sustainable development challenges: - Strengthen the rule of law and justice reform. - Prepare inhabitants and businesses to benefit from FDI and transit services. - Develop competitive, high-quality human resources. - Address basic water and energy issues. - Harmonious and balanced land use. ### INDS as second-generation PRSP: objectives and principles - INDS launched January 2007; priorities: - Promotion of access to basic social services; - Restructuring of the national productive base; - Assistance to highly vulnerable people. - Medium-term INDS objectives (by 2011): - Reduce incidence of extreme and relative poverty. - Increase average annual economic growth to over 7 percent. - Increase GER to 83 percent in primary schools and to 61 percent in secondary schools. - Increase literacy (15–24) to 65 percent. - Reduce IMR to 60 per thousand, IJMR to 80 per thousand, and MMR to 400 per 100,000 live births. - Increase health coverage rate within a range of 5 km to 90 percent. - Governance and financing principles: - Good governance: accountability, transparency, professionalism, broad participation, integration, evaluation. - Financing via a specific mechanism without increasing tax burden; flexible implementation procedures. - Three-phase INDS finalization tied to RGPH-2 and EDAM-3 (census and household survey) scheduled for 2008; comprehensive update envisaged end-2008. ### Strategic pillars recomposed for INDS (2008–11) - Pillar 1: Accelerate growth and preserve macroeconomic balances. - Pillar 2: Develop human resources and ensure universal access to basic services. - Pillar 3: Promote harmonious, balanced local development and preserve the environment. - Pillar 4: Anchor good governance principles and build public/private capacities. ### Macroeconomic scenarios and key projections (optimistic growth scenario) - If structural reforms implemented: - Average annual growth rate expected to exceed 7 percent for 2009–11. - Public investment anticipated to represent about 6 percent of GDP. - Fiscal position projected overall balance surplus equal to 0.9 percent of GDP in 2011. - Inflation expected to remain below 3 percent. - Current account deficit projected to worsen from 9 percent of GDP in 2006 to 14.2 percent of GDP in 2011, with a ceiling of 18 percent in 2009. - Debt expected to climb from 58 percent of GDP in 2006 to 71 percent of GDP in 2011. - Domestic credit growth rate expected to increase by 15 percent a year between 2009 and 2011 (noting 8.3 percent above 2005 rate used as reference). ### Pillar 1 — Growth, competitiveness and infrastructure: priority actions (selected) - Legal/regulatory measures: - Adopt a new Commercial Code. - Create an International Arbitration Center within the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. - Simplify enterprise creation procedures. - Major infrastructure and projects (selected costs and funding status as presented): - Container terminal construction (maritime): Cost in DF: 53,400,000,000. Funding: Private. - Doraleh seawater desalination unit (water): Cost in DF: 11,700,000,000. Funding: Obtained, China. - DJIBOUTI / ETHIOPIA link (220 kV and 63 kV lines): Cost in DF: 12,104,000,000 of which 8,900,000,000 Obtained, ADB; 3,204,000,000 To be sought. - Installation of a 7 MW power plant at Boulaos: Cost in DF: 3,204,000,000. Funding: Promise, IDB. - Expansion of Boulaos 2 and installation of 50 MW diesel plant: Cost in DF: 7,120,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Participation in SMW5 or EIG submarine cable: Cost in DF: 5,340,000,000. Funding: Private. - Sectoral corrective measures: - Clean up financial position of public enterprises and strengthen sectoral oversight. - Promote privatization of EDD under specifications that guarantee sector development. - Encourage alternatives to thermal energy (Ethiopian grid linkage, geothermal). - Reduce international telecommunications rates and redress Djibouti-Télécom shortcomings. ### Pillar 2 — Human resources and universal basic services: priority actions (selected) - Education targets and actions: - Increase GER to 83 percent primary; recruit teachers and expand infrastructure. - Specific actions and costs (DF): - Rehabilitation/extension of classrooms: 750,000,000. - Recruit additional primary teachers (258): 1,625,400,000. - Recruit additional preschool teachers (294): 1,270,080,000. - School canteens support: 270,000,000. - Free textbooks for vulnerable pupils (primary): 30,000,000. - Higher education equipment strengthening: 1,500,000,000. - Health targets and actions: - Reduce IMR to 60 per thousand by 2011; expand coverage and quality. - Selected investments and costs (DF): - Construction and equipping of 22 rural health posts: 902,000,000. - Three regional hospitals construction: 3,600,000,000. - Pneumophtisiology hospital construction: 1,730,000,000. - BED (Essential Development Needs) program expansion: 142,900,000. - Recruitment of medical students at EMD (200 students): 480,000,000. - Recruitment of paramedical students at SSS: 230,400,000. - Set up fund for indigent medical services: 88,500,000. - Health budget allocations increased from 7.1 percent in 2004 to about 10 percent in 2006. - Water and sanitation investments (selected): - ONEAD reconditioning and anti-leak campaign: 4,300,000,000 (Obtained, AFESD). - Social strengthening (15 wells, network extensions, 5,000 household connections): 1,150,000,000. - Re-equipping ONEAD sanitation service: 300,000,000. - Salines Ouest rainwater canal rehabilitation: 300,000,000 (Obtained, ADB). ### Pillar 3 — Local development, environmental preservation, targeted poverty programs - Long-term territorial vision: - Prepare national land development plan and regional plans; adopt national charter (horizon proposals e.g., 2030). - Urban development priorities: - Upgrade poor neighborhoods; service plots and accelerate housing programs (examples: 5,000 plots in Balbala; Farah (PK12) first tranche 3,000 homes cost DF: 10,680,000,000). - Tackle sanitation, solid waste, drainage, and training for urban planning capacities. - Rural development and natural resource interventions: - Increase pastoral wells, vaccination centers, abattoirs; support small ruminant distribution pilot; improve irrigation and stocking capacity. - Fishing sector: increase production (current production about 1,000 metric tons/year vs potential 48,000 metric tons; exploitation rate less than 3 percent) and upgrade export infrastructure. - Targeted poverty-reduction and safety nets: - Train health workers from target areas; introduce mobile dispensaries; adopt multilevel primary classes; supply solar/wind energy for pumping and adult education. - Urban income-generation: vocational training in weaving, embroidery, hairdressing; microcredits; cooperatives (women focus). - Safety nets for street children, nomads, displaced persons with food assistance and services. ### Pillar 4 — Good governance, public administration modernization, monitoring and evaluation - Governance objectives and institutional actions: - Consolidate democratic achievements; strengthen National Assembly capacity; revise electoral system to allow greater opposition presence. - Justice reforms: transform Supreme Court into court of cassation; eliminate dual jurisdictions; decentralize justice; improve training and remuneration of judiciary. - Administrative reform: single computerized register of civil servants; transparent recruitment; upgrade INAP. - Public asset management: draft MTBF and MTEFs for priority sectors; revise Public Procurement Code; strengthen supervisory agencies. - Decentralization: establish National Decentralization Commission; build local government capacity; staff rules for local government. - Monitoring and evaluation: - Define INDS monitoring and evaluation system with institutional chart, instruments and information flows. - Identify indicators for INDS and MDGs monitoring. - Implement data collection program: RGPH-2, EDAM-3, surveys and administrative systems. - Update and implement National Statistics Development Strategy (SNDS). ### Financing the Priority Action Plan (2008–11): totals and key figures - Total funding needs for 2007–11 Public Investment Program and INDS implementation: more than DF 112 billion. - Investment financing as percent of GDP (presented figures): - About 3.3 percent of GDP in 2008, 23 percent in 2009, 22 percent in 2010, and 10 percent in 2011. - Selected financing totals (millions of Djibouti francs): - External financing: 20,075 (2007); 18,540 (2008); 20,707 (2009); 15,314 (2010); 4,974 (2011); 59,535 (2008/2011). - Grants: 9,818 (2007); 8,726 (2008); 7,263 (2009); 3,110 (2010); 1,374 (2011); 20,473 (2008/2011). - Domestic financing: 3,469 (2007); 2,577 (2008); 2,577 (2009); 2,577 (2010); 2,577 (2011); 10,308 (2008/2011). - National counterpart funding: 570 (2007); 412 (2008); 412 (2009); 412 (2010); 412 (2011); 1,648 (2008/2011). - Total: 23,544 (2007); 21,117 (2008); 23,284 (2009); 17,891 (2010); 7,551 (2011); 69,843 (2008/2011). - Investment expenditure by financing source (% of GDP): - External financing: 13.5 (2007); 12.5 (2008); 14.0 (2009); 10.3 (2010); 3.4 (2011); 40.1 (2008/2011). - Grants: 6.6 (2007); 5.9 (2008); 4.9 (2009); 2.1 (2010); 0.9 (2011); 13.8 (2008/2011). - Loans: 6.9 (2007); 6.6 (2008); 9.1 (2009); 8.2 (2010); 2.4 (2011); 26.3 (2008/2011). - Domestic financing: 2.3 (2007); 1.7 (2008); 1.7 (2009); 1.7 (2010); 1.7 (2011); 6.9 (2008/2011). - External financing needed (millions DF): - 2008: 5,394; 2009: 40,142; 2010: 42,021; 2011: 25,205; 2008/2011: 112,762. - External financing needed in percent of GDP: 3.3 (2008); 22.3 (2009); 21.2 (2010); 11.6 (2011); 59.5 (2008/2011). ### Risks to INDS implementation - Major risks: - Dependence on very large FDI flows (notably assumption US$800 million between 2007 and 2011). - Difficulty and political economy of required structural reforms (administrative red tape; resistance). - Capacity constraints of national development stakeholders; need to build capacity while implementing timely actions. - Additional risks: - Viability of taxation and sustainability of external debt given expenditure needs. - Vulnerability to exogenous shocks: import price volatility, weather, natural disasters. - Difficulty mobilizing education and health personnel for rural postings. - Regional instability in neighboring countries. ### National Statistical Development Strategy (SNDS) — Box and costs - SNDS purpose: produce reliable, relevant, updated statistics; reform institutional, human resources and material shortcomings of National Statistics System (SSN). - Total estimated cost to implement 2006–10 SNDS: about DF 3,275 million (US$18.4 million) (box summary); SNDS 2008–11 overall cost presented as 3 073 571 (DF 000) in Annexes. - SNDS strategic objectives and cost breakdown (2008–11 figures, DF 000): - Pillar 1 (governance, coordination): 446 599. - Pillar 2 (recruitment and training): 229 011. - Pillar 3 (data collection, surveys, sectoral stats): 2 305 320. - Pillar 4 (publication and dissemination): 92 641. - Major single-item costs: - Population census: 690,451 (DF 000). - Civil registry centralization: 138,128 (DF 000). - Household living conditions and demographic and health surveys: 276,442 (DF 000). ### Principal lessons learned and forward actions - Notable progress (2004–06): consolidation of democratic achievements; spectacular increase in FDI; improved access in education and reduced gender disparities; declining juvenile mortality and high prenatal care coverage. - Cross-cutting shortcomings to address: - Strengthen ownership by line ministries and establish PRSP/INDS as main programming framework. - Establish forward-looking long-term vision (example horizon 2030). - Institutionalize planning, monitoring, evaluation and participation. - Mobilize additional grant aid and technical assistance; prioritize grant financing to limit debt sustainability risks. - Implementation sequencing: - Phase 1: Report on PRSP implementation and priority actions for 2008–11 (current document). - Phase 2: Update INDS comprehensive paper after RGPH-2 and EDAM-3 results (end-2008). - Phase 3: Consolidate based on implementation experience and updated data. *Source: _cr09203 - Report on PRSP implementation and INDS planning (translated sections and annexes).* ### INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ ### _cr09203 - INTRODUCTION ### Summary: context and baseline indicators - The first Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) of the Republic of Djibouti was adopted in May 2004 to address alarming poverty in monetary terms and living conditions. - Incidence of extreme monetary poverty rose from 34.5 percent in 1996 to 42.2 percent in 2002. - Relative poverty increased from 64.9 percent to 74.4 percent between 1996 and 2002. - The extreme poverty line was set at just under US$1.8 per person per day and the relative poverty line was set at just under US$3 per person per day. The exchange rate of US$1 = DF 177.72 has been fixed since 1977. - Selected social indicators (2002): - Gross enrollment ratio (GER) at primary level: 42.7 percent. - Literacy rate for persons aged 15 or older: 18.3 percent. - Infant mortality rate (IMR): 94.6 per thousand. - Infant-juvenile mortality rate (IJMR): 106.2 per thousand. - Maternal mortality rate (MMR): 690.2 per 100,000 live births. - Noted geographic disparities between urban and rural areas and between Djibouti City and other inland cities. ### Goals set by the first PRSP (medium term by 2006) - Increase average GDP growth over 2004–06 to 4.6 percent. - Reduce incidence of extreme poverty to 36.1 percent. - Increase GER to 73 percent. - Reduce IMR to 90 per thousand and IJMR to 110 per thousand. - Four strategic pillars to reach these goals: 1. Resumption of economic growth and strengthening of competitiveness. 2. Human resources development. 3. Promotion of integrated local development. 4. Improvement of governance and capacity-building. ### Results of PRSP implementation (first three years, 2004–06) - Aggregate performance: - Economic growth averaged 3.7 percent over 2004–06 (below the 4.6 percent PRSP goal, but above demographic growth of about 3 percent). - 2006 growth level recorded at 4.8 percent. - Social and human development outcomes: - Net access to primary education improved to 66.2 percent in 2006; gender parity index reached 0.98. - Literacy rate among women aged 15–24 improved to 47.5 percent. - IMR decreased to 67 per thousand. - Implementation performance of planned priority actions: - Overall implementation rate: just over 43 percent. - Percentage of actions fully completed: less than 17 percent. - Percentage of actions more than half completed: barely 30 percent. - Over one third of planned actions have not been started. - Implementation by pillar showed disparities; pillar 2 (human resources development) had an implementation level of about 46 percent. - Achievements attributed to partial implementation of priority measures in social sectors and measures preserving macroeconomic stability; these measures helped attract foreign direct investment (FDI), expected to reach record levels in coming years. ### Principal shortcomings and challenges - Many social indicators remain weak despite recent improvements, reflecting the low baseline and short implementation period. - Low ownership by sectoral departments responsible for PRSP implementation. - Major challenges for sustainable development: - Strengthening the rule of law. - Preparing inhabitants and businesses to benefit from FDI and transit-related services. - Developing competitive and high-quality human resources. - Addressing basic water and energy issues. ### The INDS as a second-generation PRSP - National Initiative for Social Development (INDS) launched in January 2007 by the President of the Republic. - INDS priorities: - Promotion of access to basic social services. - Restructuring of the national productive base. - Assistance to highly vulnerable people. - INDS is positioned as the new central framework for economic and social development policy and reflects principles of second-generation PRSPs, emphasizing integrated policies and good political, social, economic, and financial governance. ### Medium-term INDS objectives (by 2011) and strategic approaches - Main medium-term goals (by 2011): - Reduction of the incidence of extreme poverty and of relative poverty. - Increase average annual economic growth to over 7 percent. - Increase GER to 83 percent in primary schools and to 61 percent in secondary schools, with reduced gender and geographical disparities. - Reduce IMR to 60 per thousand, IJMR to 80 per thousand, and MMR to 400 per 100,000 live births. - Four strategic approaches for 2008–11: 1. Acceleration of growth and preservation of main macroeconomic balances. 2. Development of human resources and achievement of universal access to basic services. 3. Promotion of harmonious and balanced local development and preservation of the environment. 4. Consolidation of good governance principles and capacity-building. - A priority action plan (see Annex 6 in source) will operationalize these strategies and will be subject to strict monitoring and periodic evaluation. ### Financing, data collection, and partnerships - Funding needs and planning: - Funding modalities under study pending finalization of the medium-term budgetary framework and sectoral medium-term expenditure frameworks. - Funding needed for the 2007–11 Public Investment Program amounts to over DF 112 billion, of which over 88 percent has already been secured (see Annex 8 in source). - Data and sequencing: - Complete INDS finalization will await results of the General Population and Housing Census (RGPH-2) and the Djibouti Household Survey (EDAM-3), expected late 2008. - Current document is a provisional medium-term INDS description for 2008–11. - Partnership requirements: - Success depends on full involvement of Administration, elected officials, civil society, private sector, public, and donors. - A considerable increase in official development assistance (ODA) from donors will be needed, including financial aid and technical assistance. ### This document - Purpose: - First stage of the INDS: describes PRSP implementation over 2004–06, main lessons learned, medium-term INDS goals by 2011, strategic approaches, and priority actions. - Annexes provide detailed presentations of issues discussed in the text. *Translated from French — source document _cr09203 - INTRODUCTION* ### 47.5 percent; and (iii) the IMR is 67 per thousand and the IJMR is 94 per thousand. ### _cr09203 - 47.5 percent; and (iii) the IMR is 67 per thousand and the IJMR is 94 per thousand. ### Persistent poverty and inequality - Living conditions in poor districts of Djibouti City and in rural areas reveal that large fringes of the population continue to live in difficult conditions of poverty and marginalization. - The increase in FDI and Djibouti’s strengthening as a transit hub have been of little benefit to these disadvantaged groups. - The National Initiative for Social Development (INDS), launched January 2007, commits authorities to sustained and integrated measures to accelerate economic growth and create conditions for sustainable development that the poor can fully benefit from, to introduce greater social justice and strengthen national unity. ### Purpose and scope of the PRSP/INDS report (2004–06) - Goals of this Report on implementation of the PRSP in 2004–06: - (i) summarize results of PRSP implementation over 2004–06; - (ii) describe main lessons learned; - (iii) identify long-term and medium-term goals for the INDS, incorporating the MDGs; - (iv) outline development and poverty reduction strategy to reach these goals; - (v) give a general outline of a medium-term priority action plan for the INDS, including costs, financing, and technical assistance requirements. ### New assessment of poverty and living conditions (EDIM-2006 / EDAM-IS2 context) - Monetary poverty: - Lack of recent data makes precise assessment difficult. - Assuming relationships from EDAM-IS2 (2002) remain relevant, extreme monetary poverty may have decreased slightly given per capita GDP grew by an annual average of 1.6 percent over 2004–06. - This increase corresponds to the average annual per capita GDP growth considered necessary for attainment of the PRSP goal (36.1 percent). - Education: - Net school enrollment increased to 66.2 percent (improvement over 2001–02 GER of 42.7 percent) but below PRSP goal (73 percent). - Gender parity index is 0.98 (virtual parity between boys and girls). - Literacy rate among women aged 15–24 years is 47.5 percent. - Marked geographical disparities, particularly urban vs rural. - Health: - IMR is 67 per thousand and IJMR is 94 per thousand. - For IMR, the PRSP goal has already been exceeded (75 per thousand); for IJMR, the PRSP goal was not achieved (85 per thousand). - Vaccination rates for children under 12 months vary from 46.2 percent (Polio 3) to 87.5 percent (BCG). - Children’s nutritional status: 30 percent stunted (short for age) and 20 percent wasting away or underweight. - Reproductive health: 92.3 percent of women who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey received prenatal care from qualified personnel; 87.4 percent of these women gave birth at a health center. - Knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention: 40.8 percent of women say they know at least two methods of prevention (41.2 percent in urban areas; 28.1 percent in rural areas). - Water and sanitation: - 93.5 percent obtain water from upgraded sources (95.5 percent in Djibouti City; 83 percent in other districts; rural areas 52.5 percent). - 67 percent of the population use upgraded latrines (capital 68.8 percent; rest of districts 57.5 percent; urban 69.1 percent; rural 17.3 percent). - Latrine use correlates with educational level of head of household. - Other social concerns: - Overall khat consumption is 25.3 percent; use is much heavier among men (43.5 percent) with few urban/rural disparities. ### PRSP targets and medium-term goals (by 2006 and 2015 MDG links) - Long-term MDG-related targets included: - Decrease by half the incidence of extreme poverty by 2015; - Achieve universal school enrollment; - Reduce IMR to 50 per thousand and IJMR to 70 per thousand. - Medium-term (by 2006) main goals: - Increase GDP average growth to 4.6 percent over 2004–06; - Reduce incidence of extreme poverty to 36.1 percent; - Increase GER to 73 percent; - Reduce IMR to 90 per thousand and IJMR to 110 per thousand. ### Strategic pillars of the PRSP - Pillar 1: Stimulate economic growth and strengthen competitiveness via structural measures and reforms in macroeconomics, legal environment for business, public enterprises, and transport. - Pillar 2: Promote gradual development of human resources—education, health, role of women, employment, income-generating activities for the poor, and protection of vulnerable groups. - Pillar 3: Encourage sustainable local development and improve access to safe drinking water and universal basic services. - Pillar 4: Promote good governance—strengthen democracy, decentralization, transparent and efficient management of government resources. ### Implementation results and shortcomings (2004–06) - Noteworthy progress: governance (elections in 2003, April 2005, March 2006 characterized by transparency and pluralism), economic growth, and certain social indicators. - Growth performance: - 2004: 3 percent; 2005: 3.2 percent; 2006: 4.8 percent; annual average 3.7 percent (below PRSP goal 4.6 percent). - Growth driven mainly by large FDI inflows in port activities and construction. - Inflation averaged 3.3 percent over 2004–06 (PRSP target 2 percent). - Current account deficit averaged 3 percent of GDP (PRSP had counted on 16.4 percent). - Fiscal deficit average was 1.3 percent of GDP (PRSP goal 4.8 percent); 2005 had a surplus of 0.2 percent of GDP and appreciable reduction in domestic arrears. - Domestic credit expanded by 8 percent in 2006 compared with 2005. - Implementation status of PRSP priority actions: - Percentage of actions actually completed is less than 17 percent. - Percentage of actions more than half completed is barely 30 percent. - More than one third of planned actions have not been started. - Disparities between strategic pillars: pillar 2 (human resource development) implementation level is about 46 percent despite being announced as a priority. ### Macroeconomic framework and policy challenges - Macroeconomic stability prerequisites: - Control fiscal deficit from rising government spending in key sectors for poverty reduction; - Control foreign deficit; - Strengthen financial sector. - Challenges include ensuring growth translates into poverty reduction and broader improvements in living conditions. ### Private investment, FDI, and infrastructure investments - Strategy to attract private investment: - Create legal framework conducive to private investment; - Pursue reforms to reduce production factor costs and improve public enterprise management; - Improve labor environment. - Labor reform: new Labor Code adopted December 2005 making recruitment requirements more flexible. - Private investment share of GDP: - 2005: 9.7 percent of GDP; - 2006: 22 percent of GDP (under influence of FDI). - Port investments financed: - Terminal: US$100 million; - Oil terminal pier: US$33 million; - Container terminal: projected cost US$ 370 million when completed in 2009. - Other FDI amounts: - FDI of US$6.8 million led to appearance of new banks (two began operations in 2006). - Hotel and tourism investments amounted to US$294 million (Kempinski hotel cost US$75 million; Moucha and Maskali Islands facilities require US$100 million by 2008). - Obstacles to private investment: inadequate and sometimes inconsistent legal and institutional resources, delays in adoption of a Commercial Code and creation of an International Arbitration Center within the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. ### Positioning Djibouti as a regional market of note - Measures needed beyond FDI attraction: reduce costs of transport, ICTs, and energy; promote development and improve quality. - Transport: - Doraleh port facilities will consolidate Djibouti as a corridor for Ethiopian transit and as a transshipment port. - Oil terminal (phase I) completed; container terminal construction to be completed in 2009. - Road network upgraded on segments linking Djibouti to Ethiopia and Eritrea (South Corridor and RN 14 between Tadjourah and Obock, almost 80 percent) and urban/suburban bypasses. - Air transport: - Open skies policy since 2000; Dubai Ports World has managed the International Airport since June 2002. - Passenger air transport increased over 10 percent between 2004 and 2006; goods increased over 12 percent in same period. - Constraints: high production factor costs (lack of skilled labor, cost of energy) limit broader benefits to living conditions and domestic businesses. ### Diversification and new sources of growth - Need to diversify away from heavy dependence on services and create opportunities accessible to Djiboutians: tourism, fisheries, agriculture, livestock breeding, and mining. - Tourism: - Five strategic pillars: promotion, access/infrastructure, training (particularly for women), financing via Djibouti Economic Development Fund (FDED), and promotion of local initiatives. - Only promotion of Djibouti as a destination has been partially successful (country on program of about a dozen tour operators). - No improvement in access to main tourist sites except repaving of some trails. - Closure of Arta hotel school increased training costs and hurt competitiveness for sector employment. - FDED financing and promotion of local initiatives failed to materialize. - Tourism employment about 1,500 persons. - Fisheries: - Strategic pillars: sustainable management, improvement of fishing income and job creation, development of exports, and improvement of food security. - Current production about 1,000 metric tons a year vs potential 48,000 metric tons (exploitation rate less than 3 percent). - Distribution network lacks refrigerated transport equipment. - Fish consumption is minor in local culinary habits. - Sector employs about 1,000 people. *Source: _cr09203 - 47.5 percent; and (iii) the IMR is 67 per thousand and the IJMR is 94 per thousand.* ### 58. As regards livestock breeding, four goals had been identified: (i) upgrading of infrastructure for ### _cr09203 - 58. As regards livestock breeding, four goals had been identified: (i) upgrading of infrastructure for ### Livestock breeding - Four goals identified: - (i) upgrading of infrastructure for receiving livestock from neighboring countries to be re-exported; - (ii) creation of an appropriately sized structure for production of food supplements and provision of fodder during the pre-embarkation period; - (iii) promotion of livestock assembly centers in rural areas for national cattle destined for the domestic market or for export; - (iv) provision of water points along cattle driving routes. ### Mining sector priorities - Government priorities: - (i) to exploit the potential of salt and maximize its impact on employment and regional development; - (ii) to promote the integrated economic pole project designed to develop salt exports from Lake Assal and to maximize the tourist potential of the region; - (iii) to map mineral-bearing sectors and conduct the necessary geological surveys to promote the mining sector with private international operators; - (iv) to conduct surveys on the use of geothermal resources and promote their exploitation, in partnership with the foreign private sector. - Salt production and trade: - Current salt production consists of raw non-iodized salt, with little added value, destined for industrial use and exported to Ethiopia. - Production increased between 1998 and 2001 and then tended to decline. - In 2005, salt-producing activities picked up because of the resumption of exports to Spain and Ethiopia. - Local salt consumption: 5,000 metric tons a year. - Salt exports to Ethiopia: 128,494 metric tons in 2003. - Integrated Lake Assal program: - A program for the integrated development of the Lake Assal region was recently formulated and should create an economic pole capable of developing salt production and tapping the local tourism potential. ### Human resources (PRSP pillar) - Overall goal: ensure inhabitants, particularly the poor, have access to high-quality education and basic services and reduce inequalities. - Implementation rate for priority actions: barely 46 percent, with sector disparities: - Education implementation rate: over 63 percent. - Health implementation rate: almost 47 percent. - Actions for the advancement of women implementation rate: almost 45 percent. ### Education: access, equity, quality - Objectives targeted five levels: (i) basic; (ii) technical and vocational; (iii) secondary; (iv) higher; (v) adult, particularly female literacy. - Basic education: - GER continues to increase, but slower for school year 2006–07. - Primary school admissions increased from 54.9 percent to 63.5 percent in 2005–06. - In 2006–07, gross admissions reached 63.7 percent, with some slippage for girls. - Dropouts: 4.1 percent at end of first year and 4.6 percent at end of second year. - Students repeating a year: 5.5 percent between the first and fifth years, 26 percent in the fifth year, and 6.3 percent in the seventh year. - Enrollment goals and gender parity: - Goal of increasing enrollment rate to 73 percent in 2006 does not seem to have been met. - Gender parity index: 0.98. - Curricula and evaluation reform: - New curricula for the basic cycle developed at CRIPEN using a “competence-based” approach. - School textbooks and teaching guides designed locally and distributed without charge. - Final examination procedures overhauled with a new policy of ongoing evaluation to reduce educational wastage. - Technical and vocational education: - Priority measures mainly construction of several post-primary vocational training centers. - Secondary education: - Net school enrollment increased from 15.1 percent (year) to 36.7 percent. - Secondary by gender: 39.5 percent for boys and 33.8 percent for girls. - Urban vs rural: 37.4 percent urban and 17.0 percent rural. - Higher education: - University Center (Pôle Universitaire) student numbers increased from 461 in 2000 to 1,928 (including 771 women) in 2006 — annual average increase about 25 percent. - Pôle Universitaire is now the University of Djibouti. - Adult education and literacy: - Female literacy for women 15–24 years increased to 47.4 percent (EDIM-2006 figures). - A national strategy for literacy and non-formal education has been adopted. - Institutional capacity-building: - (i) training of teachers and professors at CFPEN; - (ii) closer educational supervision of teachers and heads of schools; - (iii) upgrading of inspections. - Partnerships: - System of partnership and co-management of school life introduced; regional education committees established. - Expanded involvement of development partners. - Financing: - Education budget allocation increased from 16 percent to 24.8 percent of the State budget over 1999-2004. - Priority measures for 2004–06 cost US$93 million. - Financing under projects and programs amounts to US$57 million. - In 2006, sector received a grant of US$3 million from the World Bank to support primary education under a Poverty Eradication Action Plan-Fast Track Initiative (FTI). - Remaining challenges: - Education relevance and suitability to development needs remains limited. - Pre-schools largely optional and more accessible to well-to-do private school families. - Primary non-attendance: 45 percent according to the Ministry of Education or almost 34 percent according to EDIM-2006. - Equity disparities by standard of living and place of residence; declining representation of poor students and girls higher up the cycles. - Quality issues: crowded classes (on average, over 40 students per class), shortage of qualified teachers, inadequate supervision and ongoing training. - Literacy difficulties: (i) school drop-outs; (ii) lack of a policy and action framework promoting curriculum synergy; (iii) insufficient coordination, follow-up and evaluation. - Financing remains insufficient despite increased budget share; sector’s capacity to absorb funding may be limited. ### Health - Main PRSP health goal: increase access to health for the poor, improve quality, and make the system more equitable. - Four strategy pillars: - (i) reform of the institutional framework; - (ii) improvement of global health coverage and access by the poor to health; - (iii) creation of a viable mechanism for financing health; - (iv) decentralization and greater community participation in system management. - Achievements after three years of PRSP implementation: - Infant mortality rate (IMR) improved to 67 per thousand. - Percentage of children who had received all vaccinations (BCG, DCT3, Polio3, measles) increased from 32.9 percent to 38.6 percent in 2006. - Proportion of pregnant women receiving pre-natal care from skilled staff increased to 92.3 percent in 2006. - Institutional reforms: adoption of official texts ordering restructuring of the health system. - Coverage and access efforts: - Introduction of a reproductive health program (improve obstetrical care, pre-natal/post-natal exams, equipment of maternity clinics, family planning, prevention of FGM); - Intensification of vaccination under EPI; - Implementation of measles elimination and polio eradication plans; - Launching national strategy for comprehensive treatment of childhood diseases; - Implementation of malnutrition treatment protocol at community health centers; - Treatment of diarrhoea and pneumonia. - Other achievements: - Creation of a central office for purchase of essential equipment and medicines; - Creation of community pharmacies providing generic medicines at affordable prices; - Creation of mobile medical teams in inaccessible areas; - Creation of the program “Essential development needs” in disadvantaged communities; - Greater efforts to combat malaria (treated mosquito nets, etc.); - Adoption of a national anti-tuberculosis plan for 2006-10; - Continuation of the 2003–07 framework plan to combat HIV/AIDS. - Health financing: - Budget allocations for health increased from 7.1 percent in 2004 to about 10 percent in 2006. - Remaining concerns: - Health indicators improving but not at acceptable levels; serious questions about ability to achieve the MDGs by 2015. - Need to step up efforts on infrastructure, qualified human resources, medicines (high-quality and affordable), decentralization, and public involvement. - Need to strengthen data collection and analysis, follow-up and evaluation mechanisms, and oversight. - Sector affected by inefficient budgeting and failure to prepare a consistent budget with specific and measurable targets. ### Integration of women in development - PRSP priorities on women: (i) decision making; (ii) health; (iii) education; (iv) economics. - Decision-making representation: - Women in Parliament: 7 out of 65 members, or almost 11 percent. - Health and harmful practices: - Efforts to eliminate harmful traditional practices bolstered by ratification of the Maputo Protocol and nationwide information and awareness campaigns with civil society participation. - Education and literacy: - Literacy campaigns conducted jointly by Ministry for the Advancement of Women and Ministry of Education with NGOs and local associations including UNFD. - EDIM findings: 47.5 percent of women between 15 and 24 years became literate in 2006, but 14.2 percent in rural areas and 48.4 percent in urban areas. - Economic measures: - Creation of the Social Fund for Development (FSD) to grant microcredit for income-generating activities targeting women. - EDAM-IS 2002 data: unemployment affects women 68.8 percent vs men 54.6 percent. - Women play an active and leading role in the informal sector. - Financing of SNIFD: - Estimated financing required: US$15,551 million. - Only 33 percent of the investments needed at the mid-point of the strategy have been mobilized. - Remaining 67 percent must be found to cover activities scheduled for 2007–12. - Remaining obstacles: - Representation in decision-making and senior posts, education (girls’ enrollment and female literacy), health (short of MDGs), employment, access to capital. - Major challenges: prejudice, socio-cultural constraints, tradition and misinterpretation of religion. - Lack of performance indicators and quantified targets undermining SNIFD follow-up and evaluation. ### Access to water - Structural constraints: - Only available water sources: groundwater and wadi runoff, adversely affected by arid climate and saltwater wedge from the sea (salinity much higher than WHO limits). - Seawater desalination constrained by initial investment, considerable energy needs not yet available, and potential high cost per cubic meter produced. - Water project evaluation for 2004–06: - Production meets only 75 percent of needs, estimated at almost 20 million m3 a year. - High cost of production: DF 136. - Disparities in delivery costs: DF 62/m3 for pipes connected to ONEAD network to DF 500/m3 for water trucks. - Technical, financial, and organizational capacity of ONEAD identified as an obstacle. ### Employment and income-generating activities - (Section title present; content in source continues beyond provided excerpt.) *Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09203.pdf* ### 100. Reduction of unemployment was the top priority of the PRSP. In this connection, the strategy ### _cr09203 - 100. Reduction of unemployment was the top priority of the PRSP. In this connection, the strategy ### Unemployment reduction strategy and programs - Strategy components: (i) labor-intensive infrastructure; (ii) vocational training; (iii) development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); and (iv) development of microfinance. - Labor-intensive program (ADETIP): - Average number of temporary jobs created annually: 30,155 man/days for the period 2004–06. - Change relative to 2003: an increase of almost 21 percent compared with 2003. - Vocational training: - Employment promotion strategy based on job-oriented training has still not been launched. - Employment statistics system not yet in place. - Only two of seven priority actions initiated: capacity-building for the Adult Vocational Training Center (CFPA) and expansion of the range and types of training provided. - Job seeker assistance (DEFIP and private agencies): - In 2006, there were 3,120 job seekers, of whom 874 were women. - Number of placements in 2006: 906. - Recommendation: DEFIP should consider discontinuing current small-scale programs and concentrate on creating a job market monitoring center, in coordination with the Department of Statistics and Demographic Studies (DISED), to conduct analyses for decision-makers. - Modified National Service (SNA) for insertion of youths (15-24) and unmarried adults without diplomas: - Structure: (i) three-month military training; (ii) nine-month vocational training; (iii) practical knowledge application in the Army or civilian life. - Initial cost: DF 225 million in 2004; planned expansion (example) DF 449 million in 2005. - Note: questions about cost-effectiveness. - Microfinance: - Responsible bodies: Department of National Solidarity (DSN) formulates strategy; Central Bank of Djibouti (BCD) supervises. - FSD credit line for microfinance operations: DF 156 million; works with 13 NGOs acting as MFIs, targeting low-income women and diversifying to small enterprises. - IFAD-financed initiative via the Ministry of Agriculture: credit of 3.59 million euros for development of microfinance programs and support to small enterprises. - Project target: 30,000 families (or about 200,000 persons, representing 33 percent of the population). - Obstacles to ending unemployment: - (i) inadequacy of employment statistics; - (ii) persistent irrelevance of vocational training to market needs; - (iii) lack of an operational framework for public–private cooperation; - (iv) inadequacy of labor-intensive programs; - (v) absence of a group of efficient SMEs; - (vi) weaknesses in coverage and viability of the microfinance system. ### Promotion of youth - Youth-specific actions implemented: - Insertion initiatives (e.g., SNA). - Increasing youth involvement in decision-making: national youth consultation held in January 2007; Djibouti National Youth Council (CNJD) created in March 2007. - Promotion of sports participation; rehabilitation of the former Djibouti municipal stadium (Project Goal of the International Federation of Association Football) and consideration of creating a Technical Training Center. - Creation/refurbishment of Community Development Centers (CDCs): six centers refurbished; new centers in district 6, Arhiba, and PK 12. - Shortcomings and priorities: - Efforts lack strategic focus, reference framework, and coordination. - Key youth problems identified: - (i) access to education responding to market needs; - (ii) unemployment — over 90 percent of young people between 15 and 24 years of age have no activity; - (iii) confidence in the future — more than half of young people are thinking of emigrating. - Consequence: formulation and concerted implementation of a national youth promotion strategy is a top INDS priority. ### Social welfare and protection of vulnerable segments - Social welfare system status: taking shape but institutional arrangements limited; responsibilities and functions not clearly defined. - Examples of initiatives: pensions and medical insurance, microcredit for income-generating activities, distribution of school supplies, food, medicines. No unemployment insurance exists. - Total spending on social welfare programs: 10 percent of GDP, with breakdown: - 5.1 percent devoted to pensions and medical insurance, - 4.3 percent to subsidies (private schools, public media, fellowships for study abroad, housing subsidies for civil servants), - 0.5 percent to programs targeting the poor and vulnerable. - Protection of vulnerable segments (implementation rate: about 25 percent): - Street children: little known about scope; no protection strategy; only a few welfare associations provide help. - Nomads: benefited from pasture hydraulics, animal health programs, creation of forage perimeters; cyclical drought causes chronic food insecurity; have benefited from food aid and access to basic infrastructure (education, health, safe drinking water). - Displaced persons: received food aid in rural and urban areas, with access to medical care and safe drinking water. ### Local development — land use, urban development, and housing - Priority components for integrated local development: (i) land use planning; (ii) urban development; (iii) rural development and environment; (iv) universal access to basic services; (v) disaster prevention and management. - Land use planning strategy: create institutional framework for coordination and design regional planning tools (regional land use and development guidelines). - Urban development priorities: (i) urban development and housing; (ii) improvement of urban environment, particularly sanitation and urban waste management; (iii) access to safe drinking water; (iv) development of urban and inter-urban transport; (v) involvement of local communities and strengthening community participation. - Actions started: - Drafting of a town planning, land management and construction code. - Formulation of urban land use guidelines to control urban expansion in the capital. - Upgrading and improved access to basic urban services in certain poor neighborhoods. - Community mobilization for acquisition and maintenance of amenities. - Scheduling production of serviced plots and housing: operation of 5,000 plots in Balbala; assisted individual construction and expansion of Barwaqo I-type operation. - Provision of services to between 300 and 500 plots for each inland district. - Study of the former center of the city of Djibouti for rehabilitation of building heritage and improvement of public areas. - Housing sector developments: - Housing Fund created in 2002 to rationalize recovery of investments and promote housing financing; originally managed Barwaqo low-cost housing pilot project; phase II under study. - Djibouti Building Society (SID) selected to manage project for 2,000 low-cost housing units in Balbala; first 842 units completed in 2004. - Rehousing after Ambouli wadi flooding in April 2004: creation of 400 new housing units in PK 12. - Construction of low-cost housing in Obock at an advanced stage. - Allocation of 382 emergency plots to Farah Had; services to several housing developments including 5,000 plots in Balbala and 1,320 in inland districts. - Housing situation and constraints: - About 50 percent of households own their homes. - Rent represents 40 percent of household expenditure. - Annual requirements: 2,500 housing units for the whole country, including 2,000 for the capital. - It is currently thought that one third of the needs are being met by existing housing stock. - Construction costs: six times average annual household income for permanent housing and 2.5 times that average for housing made of lightweight materials, due to imported materials and expensive manpower. - Continual urban population growth: 3 percent a year. - Shortage of serviced land leads to extensive squatting and temporary housing. - Major shortcomings in monitoring systems for urban centers impede understanding of trends (land use, urban dynamics, temporary housing, urban poverty). - Many priority actions remain at validation of reconnaissance reports stage; housing promotion strategy not moved beyond terms of reference — need advocacy to mobilize funding. ### Urban environment, sanitation, waste management, and water - Sanitation: - EDIM-2006 finding: 67.8 percent of households live in homes equipped with improved sanitary facilities (facilities for disposal of human waste). - In 2002, 20 percent of households were connected to the public sanitation system in certain neighborhoods of Djibouti City and 80 percent used individual sanitation such as dry-pit latrines, dry wells and septic tanks, causing intermittent pollution of soil and groundwater aquifer. - Rehabilitation efforts: primary drainage of rainwater in the capital, off-site drainage of districts 1 to 6, improvement of sewage collection, treatment and disposal, ban discharge into the sea, projects to improve sanitation in Arhiba and Einguela and to ban discharge into the sea from Wadajir and Makka Moukarama projects and Peltier Hospital. - Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan for the city of Djibouti is being finalized. - Waste management and obstacles: - Improvement of liquid and solid waste disposal faces serious obstacles: weak institutional framework for infrastructure creation and absence/unsuitability of cost recovery systems essential for operation and maintenance. - Solid waste: 62 percent of the 240 solid wastes produced daily in 2002 is discharged directly without prior sorting or treatment. - Persistent problems: stagnant rainwater and sewage aggravated by the town’s special topography. - Access to clean drinking water: - Access to an improved source increased from 92.6 percent in 2002 to 97.4 percent in 2006. - Lack of additional information (costs, volumes available and used) prevents an overall picture of the situation. - Projects focus on increasing production; two options selected from studies: seawater desalination and pumping groundwater from the aquifer (the only water table supplying Djibouti City). - Supply methods vary by zone: connection to the water main is most common in the capital; public standpipes are the norm in other urban centers. - The State remains exclusively responsible for management of hydraulic works. *Translated from French; source: _cr09203* ### 141. Because of the high incidence of poverty (96.5 percent in 2002), the shortage of income- ### _cr09203 - 141. Because of the high incidence of poverty (96.5 percent in 2002), the shortage of income- ### Rural poverty reduction: national priority and integrated approach - Finding: High incidence of poverty of 96.5 percent in 2002 prompted rural poverty reduction as a national priority. - Approach: An integrated approach adopted to address all manifestations of rural poverty while preserving the environment. - Eight identified components: - (i) rural water supply - (ii) development of the productive sectors of agriculture, livestock breeding and fisheries - (iii) food security - (iv) diversification of rural activities - (v) development of rural infrastructure - (vi) community capacity-building - (vii) management of natural resources - (viii) institutional capacity-building ### Rural water supply: access, risks, and priority actions - Findings: - Access to an improved source of clean drinking water in rural areas increased from 50.9 percent in 2002 to 52.5 percent in 2006. - Most rural inhabitants rely on dilapidated traditional wells in unhygienic conditions. - Data limitations: distance/time to obtain water and density of rural wells (number of wells per 100 inhabitants) are not captured. - Priority actions and interventions: - Inventory and reconnaissance of water points. - Rehabilitation or renovation of sub-standard installations and promotion of suitable pumping. - Repair of damaged drilled wells and drilling of new wells, mainly in rural areas at risk of desertification and shortages harmful to agricultural production. - Construction of retaining reservoirs and burial of tanks underground in several regions. - Adoption of a participatory approach to empower users and transfer responsibility for monitoring and basic maintenance to local water point management committees. ### Access to universal basic services — energy focus - PRSP position: Improvement and expansion of access to energy is a prerequisite for sustainable economic and social development and tied to the broader concept of universal access to basic services. - Goals and actions: - (i) Construction of electric power grids in peripheral areas (needs assessment). - (ii) Reduction of the cost of electricity (assessment of Djibouti’s energy needs and of alternative sources of energy, updating of the study on connection to the Ethiopian grid and study of pricing). - (iii) Improvement of electricity supply (installation of 18 MW at existing power stations and purchase of new power generating sets). - (iv) Promotion of alternative energy sources (surveys to identify suitable sites for wind generators and identification of pilot projects and incentives for private investment, geothermal survey to verify the availability and potential of the geothermal energy source at Assal). - (v) Improvement of sustainable energy supply in rural areas (study of energy needs in rural areas and of alternative energy sources). ### Disaster prevention and management - Priority: Formulation of a national disaster prevention and management strategy to develop skills and undertake carefully planned investments in prevention, mitigation and preparation. ### Governance: modernization of the State and good governance - PRSP pillars for governance: - (i) consolidation of democratic achievements - (ii) promotion of good local governance - (iii) reform of justice - (iv) continuation of administrative reform - (v) promotion of good economic and financial governance #### Consolidation of democratic achievements - Actions and outcomes: - Free, transparent, and pluralist presidential and regional elections held in April 2005 and March 2006 respectively. - A coalition of (number) parties governs; Parliament includes opposition deputies; an independent electoral commission established. - Institutional consolidation in human rights: creation of a ministerial department responsible for promotion and protection of human rights; addition of a chapter on human rights to the Constitution; ratification of a number of international conventions. - Women’s rights: SNIFID implementation improved representation of women in politics via a quota of at least 10 percent, enabling seven women to enter Parliament following the most recent legislative elections; women occupy top public-sector posts (two Ministers, President of the Supreme Court) and positions in the private sector. - Remaining issues: Despite promulgation and enforcement of the Family Code, women still suffer spousal violence and harmful traditional practices such as FGM. #### Local governance and participatory development - Strategy: - (i) Gradual transfer of powers depending on means and capacities of new local communities. - (ii) Creation of a capacity-building program using training and logistic support for new regional councils. - (iii) Promotion of partnership and twinning agreements in decentralized international cooperation. - Institutional changes: - Decentralization Law (promulgated in 2002) made the region into a commune; territorial community now has a Regional Council; Djibouti City has special status (three communes, the Djibouti Council and an elected mayor). - Priority actions for civil society: adoption of legal and statutory frameworks for associations and NGOs; arrangements for coordination of NGO actions and development of a State-Regions-NGO tripartite partnership; formulation and implementation of a capacity-building program for development associations. #### Reform of justice - Planned reforms: - (i) Transformation of the Supreme Court into a court of cassation. - (ii) Gradual elimination of dual jurisdictions (integration of Sharia courts and abolition of indigenous courts). - (iii) Reform of the Appeals Court. - (iv) Decentralization of justice. - Implemented measures from the judicial action plan: - Reorganization and relocation of the Ministry of Justice. - Promulgation of the statute of the judiciary and reform of the High Council of the Judiciary. - Creation of the Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline. - Revision of the remuneration of the judiciary. - Promulgation of the Family Code and creation of personal status tribunals and of the “Maadoun al charia” submitted family disputes to full members of the judiciary specializing in personal status issues. - Rehabilitation of the Palais de Justice and of the prison system. - Remaining dysfunctions and shortcomings: - Outdated legal texts requiring overhaul and adaptation. - Limited incorporation of international conventions into domestic law. - Inadequate training of judicial staff. - Problems of management and access of individuals to justice. - Inadequate compilation and dissemination of judicial statistics. - Lack of evaluation of judicial staff. - Irregular or inadequate reporting preventing accurate assessment of the quality and efficiency of justice. #### Administrative reform - Priority actions: - (i) Introduction of a reliable system for management of civil servants, including creation of a single computerized register of civil servants accessible to all user services. - (ii) Enhancement of transparency in recruitment with systematic use of competitive examinations. - (iii) Upgrading of the National Institute of Public Administration (INAP) to support training, retraining, and reform. #### Economic and financial governance - Government goals: - (i) Improve transparency in the management of government finance, tighten controls and accountability for public funds. - (ii) Optimize use of government finance and improve effectiveness of public spending. ### Mobilization of financing for the first PRSP - Public Investment Program (PIP) financing needs and coverage: - Total financing required: DF 44,349 million (almost US$250 million) for 2004 to 2006. - Financing secured: DF 20,729 million (almost US$117 million), or about 46.7 percent of the total needed. - Shortfall: More than half (53.3 percent) of resources needed had to be obtained from outside partners. ### Principal lessons learned (PRSP 2004–06) - Mixed results for PRSP implementation over 2004–06: progress made but shortcomings remain. - Notable progress: - (i) Governance: consolidation of democratic achievements and launch of ambitious reforms, particularly in justice and management of public goods. - (ii) Economic growth: spectacular increase in FDI. - (iii) Education: improved access and reduced gender disparities. - (iv) Health: declining juvenile mortality and a large proportion of pregnant women receiving pre-natal care from qualified staff. - Cross-cutting shortcomings: - The PRSP never became the sole frame of reference for the country’s economic and social development policy; ownership by sectoral ministries was weak. - The culture of planning, follow-up, evaluation, participation and communication is not well established among the authorities. - Absence of a very long-term forward-looking vision (e.g., Djibouti 2030) to maintain course and continuity of efforts. - Main challenges: - Strengthening the rule of law and consolidation of democratic achievements. - Creating conditions enabling people and enterprises to fully benefit from (i) the huge influx of foreign investments and (ii) opportunities from consolidation of Djibouti’s position as an essential transit and transshipment hub. - Development of competitive and efficient human resources to lead the country out of poverty and into sustainable development. - Solution of fundamental questions of access to water and access to energy. - Harmonious and balanced land use. ### INDS (National Initiative for Social Development) — second-generation PRSP - Purpose and framing: - INDS is the new frame of reference for the country’s economic and social development strategy to consolidate achievements, overcome shortcomings and address challenges. - INDS raises the issue of poverty reduction and exclusion, lists findings, and sets directions for rapid implementation. - Findings and principles stated: - Sizeable fringes of the Djibouti population live in difficult conditions of poverty and marginalization incompatible with a dignified life. - Short-term measures failed and unequal distribution of economic growth left segments socially destitute. - The Initiative seeks integrated government policies within a comprehensive and coherent project combining political, social, economic, educational, cultural and environmental dimensions. - INDS three pillars: - (i) Promotion of access to basic social services. - (ii) Restructuring of the national productive base to create necessary jobs sufficient to eradicate poverty and reduce unemployment. - (iii) Assistance to persons in great vulnerability or with specific needs. - Governance and financing principles: - Action plan based on principles of good governance: accountability, transparency, professionalism, broad participation, integration and rationalization of public institutions, and ongoing evaluation. - Financing via a specific mechanism with no increase in taxes or tax burdens; flexible implementation procedures. - INDS is an ongoing project for a term of office and follows main outlines of second-generation PRSPs. - Preparation phases and data needs: - Finalization of the complete INDS document to be gradual due to capacities of main players and lack of reliable statistical data on population, poverty and living conditions. - Finalization envisaged after the General Population and Housing Census (RGPH-2) and the Djibouti Household Survey (EDAM-3) scheduled for 2008. - Three-phase drafting process proposed: - Phase 1: Draft this Report on PRSP implementation 2004–06, covering priority actions planned for 2008–11 in the INDS context. - Phase 2: Use Census and EDAM-3 results to draft the Comprehensive Paper on INDS and update objectives, strategic policies and priority actions for 2009–11; production envisaged for end-2008. - Phase 3: (implied) further consolidation based on new data and implementation experience. *Translated from French. Source: Report on PRSP implementation and INDS planning as presented in the original document.* ### 176. This chapter is based on the findings described above and proposes: (i) an update of the objectives ### This chapter is based on the findings described above and proposes: (i) an update of the objectives ### 2.1. Objectives and strategic policies for 2008–11 - Government commitment - Reaffirms commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals subscribed in September 2000. - Development efforts centered on making this commitment a reality; principal objectives presented in Annex 4. - Medium-term (horizon 2011) objectives - (i) to reduce poverty; - (ii) to accelerate growth while safeguarding macroeconomic stability; - (iii) to achieve a marked improvement in access to, and the quality of, the basic services, while ensuring that disparities are reduced; - (iv) to foster harmonious and balanced land development; and - (v) to consolidate the rule of law while anchoring the principles of good governance in the management of public affairs. - Main quantified objectives (see Annex 5) - To reduce the incidence of extreme poverty and that of relative poverty; - To increase the annual average rate of economic growth to 7 percent; - To increase the GER to 83 percent at the primary level and 61 percent at the secondary level, while continuing to reduce the gender and spatial disparities; - To increase the literacy rate among 15-24 year-olds to 65 percent; - To reduce the IMR to 60 ‰, the IJMR to 80‰, and the MMR to 400 per 100,000 live births; and - To increase the rate of health coverage in a range of 5 km to 90 percent; - Partnership and institutional arrangements - Achievement requires extensive mobilization of public and private, national and foreign players; a new partnership framework established by presidential decree. - Decree 2007–0106/PR of February 6, 2007 spells out institutional arrangements for formulating, implementing, monitoring, and assessing the INDS. - Strategic pillars (recomposed to reflect INDS policies and lessons from first PRSP) - Pillar 1: Accelerate growth and preserve the major macroeconomic balances; - Pillar 2: Develop human resources and make basic services universally accessible; - Pillar 3: Promote harmonious, balanced local development and environmental preservation; - Pillar 4: Anchor principles of good governance and build capacities of public and private players. ### 2.2. Main components of the 2008–11 plan of priority actions - Definition of medium-term priority measures - Retain actions not achieved or partly achieved and still pertinent, presented according to the new strategic pillars; - Incorporate actions identified in recent sectoral studies that have been officially adopted. - Principal priority measures summarized by strategic pillar (see Annex 6 for details). #### 2.2.1. Pillar 1: Accelerate growth and preserve the major macroeconomic balances - Strategic context and drivers - Expected doubling of foreign direct investment between 2006 and 2011 and reaching unprecedented levels (40 percent on average). - Growing transit of goods to and from COMESA countries. - Strategy focus - (i) macroeconomic framework stability; - (ii) promotion of private investment; - (iii) strengthening Djibouti’s position as a commercial, financial, and economic hub in the region; - (iv) diversification of sources of growth. - Macroeconomic framework emphases - Policies for the acceleration of growth; - Budgetary and tax policies that are prudent but allow massive financing of public investment in social and growth-supporting sectors; - Policies to control the external deficit and strengthen the financial sector. - Optimistic growth scenario (structural reforms implemented) - Average annual growth rate expected to exceed 7 percent for the period 2009–11. - Public investment anticipated to represent about 6 percent of GDP. - Fiscal position expected to show an overall balance surplus equal to 0.9 percent of GDP in 2011. - Inflation rate expected to remain below 3 percent. - Current account deficit projected to worsen from 9 percent of GDP in 2006 to 14.2 percent of GDP in 2011, with a ceiling of 18 percent in 2009. - Debt expected to climb from 58 percent of GDP in 2006 to 71 percent of GDP in 2011. - Domestic credit growth rate, at 8.3 percent above the 2005 rate, expected to increase by 15 percent a year between 2009 and 2011. - Promotion of private investment — priority actions - Improve the legal and regulatory framework for business; - Reduce the costs of factors of production; - Improve the work environment. - Specific legal/regulatory measures proposed - Adopt a new Commercial Code; - Create the International Arbitration Center within the Chamber of Commerce and Industry; - Simplify enterprise creation procedures. - Structural constraints and corrective measures - High costs of principal factors of production (energy, telecommunications) hamper private sector development and FDI attraction. - Required actions: - Clean up financial position of public enterprises with sectoral oversight; - Promote privatization of the national electricity corporation (EDD), based on specifications that guarantee sector development; - Encourage use of alternatives to thermal energy through studies of linkage to the Ethiopian power grid and geothermal development; - Reduce in phases the rates applicable to international telecommunications; - Redress shortcomings in Djibouti-Télécom performances. - Support for national private sector development - Improve match between training and market requirements; - Support enterprise upgrading in Djibouti; - Provide tax incentives for hiring; - Continue private sector involvement in management and financing of production-supporting sectors (energy, telecommunications). - Strengthening Djibouti’s regional hub role — infrastructure and services - Continue and intensify development of transportation (port, sea, road, rail, air), ICTs, and energy. - Port and sea transport: DPI partnership improved Port of Djibouti profitability and service quality; Doraleh Port project will add (i) a container wharf meeting current international standards, (ii) an oil tanker port, and (iii) a commercial free trade zone likely to triple container traffic and facilitate specialization in bulk processing. - Road transport: policies to (i) organize international corridor with private management; (ii) open up poverty areas with appropriate financing; (iii) support national operators to acquire heavy equipment via low-interest loans and training. - Railway: reformulate binational status to permit privatization and renewal of equipment to make it competitive for container transport and passenger services. - Air transport: DPI management expected to modernize airport infrastructure (new control tower, expansion of aircraft hangar, establishment of a cargo village); construction of a new international airport with foreign partners is under study. - ICTs - Sector has underperformed due to dissuasive rates; government measures aimed at universal access and quality improvement via substantial and continuous rate reductions and increased autonomy and capacities of Djibouti-Télécom. - Energy - Accessible to only 50 percent of the population, almost exclusively urban; scarcity and high costs hinder development. - Strategy: use geothermal and wind energy and complement with imports from Ethiopia. - National electricity network to be integrated around production plants at Ali Sabieh (wind) and the Goubet sector (geothermal); main distribution route between Ali Sabieh and Djibouti to serve as backbone and include link with Ethiopian power grid. - Diversification of growth sources - Focus on tourism, mining resources, agriculture, livestock, and fishing. - Tourism priority actions: - Double promotion of Djibouti as a destination through public-private partnership; - Reactivate previously planned priority actions: (i) opening up tourism sites and installing infrastructures; (ii) training, especially for women; (iii) financing of tourism projects by the FDED (under restructuring); (v) promotion of local initiatives and a welcoming environment conducive to sector development. - Mining: promote and develop mining wealth (salt, gypsum, perlite); prospection for gold reserves; preference for joint ventures with foreign investors. - Agriculture, livestock, fishing: interventions to be integrated within land development and environmental preservation policy (see Pillar 3). #### 2.2.2. Pillar 2: Develop human resources and ensure universal access to basic services - Overarching objective - Ensure equitable access to (i) quality education aligned with market requirements; (ii) employment, especially for young people; and (iii) essential services (health, water resources, energy, ICTs), combining quality, availability, and affordability. - Active promotion of women and effective consideration of young people’s aspirations are prerequisites. - Education — objectives - (i) improve access and quality; - (ii) reduce disparities; - (iii) reduce repeats and dropouts; - (iv) improve sector management; - (v) strengthen partnership. - Coverage across all levels: pre-school, basic (primary and midlevel), secondary, higher education and research, informal education and literacy. - Planned priority actions in education - Access: - Increase accommodation capacities; - Continue double-shift system at primary level; - Initiate innovative approaches in rural areas; - Strengthen private education. - Equity: - Gradual elimination of obstacles to girls’ enrollment, especially beyond primary; - Involve civil society organizations in awareness efforts; - Combat parental poverty to free children to attend school. - Quality, effectiveness, pertinence: - Curriculum reforms; - Provision of school textbooks; - Teacher training and motivation; - Improvement of pedagogical guidance; - Evaluation reforms. - Institutional capacities: - Strengthen organization, school planning, human resources management; - Deepen decentralization and deconcentration. - Partnership: - Strengthen frameworks for cooperation and partnership established by the policy law. - Health — main objective and priority interventions - Main objective: expand physical and financial accessibility and ensure quality services to improve population health. - Priority interventions: - Accelerate the reform and establish a new, more suitable regulatory framework; - Introduce the cost recovery system; - Improve access to primary care in rural areas after prior studies; - Promote healthy lifestyles in urban areas by: (i) combating use of hard and current drugs; (ii) providing access to care with establishment of the health card for basic care; (iii) prevention; (iv) assumption of liability for therapy; (v) establishment of itinerant teams in urban health sectors; - Establish mobile medical evacuation teams with creation of field medical emergency units (SMUR) in Djibouti City and surrounding areas, and set up: (i) operating theater units, (ii) means of communication, and (iii) arrangements for medical evacuations to other countries; - Combat mental illnesses; - Expand the essential needs for development program; - Promote education for health through production of appropriate educational media, integrated multisectoral social mobilization, and training of health professionals and community leaders in communications. *Source: _cr09203 - 176.* ### 208. In the area of employment promotion, a new thrust is required, given the observation of extremely ### _cr09203 - 208. In the area of employment promotion, a new thrust is required, given the observation of extremely ### Employment promotion: four priority programs (paragraphs 208–210) - Retain and intensify four previously identified programs: - The labor-intensive infrastructure program, to be intensified in light of prospects for massive investments planned in support of growth and expansion of the basic services. - The training and job placement program, with specific measures: - (i) the formulation and implementation of an employment promotion strategy based on matching training with employment opportunities; - (ii) the development of self-employment, through financing to assist with start-ups; - (iii) continuation of the SNA; - (iv) building the capacities of the vocational training centers, in particular the CFPA (organization, adaptation of training programs, modernization of equipment, etc.); - (v) the development of partnerships with the private sector. - The small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development program, with: - (i) the establishment of a unit to assist and support private operators; - (ii) the promotion of specific financing mechanisms (FDED, FSD); - (iii) tax incentives. - The microfinance development program, with implementation of the microfinance promotion strategy adopted in 2006. - Complementary actions to enhance these programs: - (i) creation of the National Employment, Training, and Job Placement Agency (ANEFIP), a body with administrative and financial autonomy; - (ii) the institution of an efficient system to provide information on employment; - (iii) the use of job creation as an essential criterion for selecting PIPs; - (iv) the upgrading of placement services. - National consultations on employment to define objectives and priorities, potentially producing a national Employment Pact as the framework for partnership and action for the coming years. ### Promotion of women (paragraph 211) - Restart promotion of women, taking into account SNIFD assessment recommendations (December 2006), addressing key life aspects: - Decision making: - (i) ensure observance of the quota of at least 10 percent of women in the elective functions and in all sectors and ministerial departments, with the availability of reliable statistical data that take account of related gender-specific indicators; - (ii) build the Ministry’s capacity to advocate in favor of the gender concept; - (iii) train media personnel in appropriate communications techniques suited to dissemination of related legal documents (e.g., the Family Code). - Health: - (i) increase the use and frequenting of health units by women and young girls; - (ii) give national priority to preventing and combating the use of drugs and other harmful substances (khat, chicha, haschich, etc.); - (iii) build communications capacity for encouraging pre-natal and post-natal consultations, as well as family planning, with a place of choice given to men in support of the strategy aimed at ceasing all forms of excision (FGM); - (iv) seek to bring water sources closer to homes, so as to ease the burdensome tasks performed by women and young girls. - Education: - (i) continue and strengthen advocacy in favor of social mobilization through the education, training, and socio-economic integration of women in general; - (ii) remove factors preventing the schooling of young girls, in particular the costs for those belonging to the underprivileged classes; - (iii) revive the vocational training sector; - (iv) establish literacy programs in French. - Economy: - (i) pass the draft microfinance law; - (ii) accelerate the establishment of a system of savings and microcredit banks in urban and rural areas, in the context of the Microfinance and Microenterprise Development Project (PDMM). ### Promotion of young people (paragraph 212) - Sectoral recommendations from January 2007 consultations, to respond to youth aspirations: - Education: - (i) promote informal education and validate lessons learned on the job and acquired experience; - (ii) set up programs to grant scholarships to young persons with physical handicaps; - (iii) develop vocational training for unskilled young persons (the SNA, for example); - (iv) facilitate access to ICTs. - Health: - (i) increase reproductive health programs for women; - (ii) encourage the training of young persons regarding sexually transmissible infections (STIs)/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, through peer training; - (iii) grant food assistance to destitute young persons living with HIV/AIDS; - (iv) expand the program to combat tobacco and drug use; - (v) improve the availability of condoms in the CDCs and youth centers. - Employment: - (i) encourage the self-employment of young persons; - (ii) develop vocational training arrangements for young school dropouts; - (iii) establish mechanisms to provide financial support for the initiatives of young persons (e.g., the creation of a fund for the integration of young persons); - (iv) develop programs to provide short skills courses for young dropouts and young persons with no schooling; - (v) create an enterprise fair for young entrepreneurs; - (vi) create a prize for excellence among young entrepreneurs. - Decision making: - (i) encourage the participation of young people (especially young women) in decision making; - (ii) include youth representatives in Parliament for the passing of legislation related to young people. - Environment: - (i) foster training and sensitization of young persons on environmental stakes at CDCs and associations of young persons; - (ii) encourage the CDCs to undertake neighborhood clean-up programs, in collaboration with the associations. - Culture and sport: - (i) organize youth festivals across the country; - (ii) make the practice of sport in schools mandatory; - (iii) organize youth tournaments; - (iv) encourage exchanges among young people of the various countries in the region. ### Social welfare and institutional reform (paragraph 213) - Merge the National Retirement Fund (CNR) and the Social Welfare Agency (OPS) to form the National Social Security Fund (CNSS). ### Water resources (paragraph 214) - Priority actions: - (i) promotion of works to facilitate the harnessing of surface water; - (ii) construction of dams where land topology allows constitution of large reserves of running water; - (iii) rehabilitation of drilled areas, wells, and existing sources, as well as provision of new sources; - (iv) conduct studies on the potential of water resources and installation of a hydro-climatological network. - Specific plan for Djibouti City water supply: - Technical assistance from China to establish, in three phases, a sea-water desalination plant with a maximum capacity of 100,000 cubic meters a day. ### Universal access to essential services: energy and ICTs (paragraph 215) - Energy priorities: - (i) set up utility branches in underprivileged neighborhoods; - (ii) provide access to alternative sources of energy suited to the local context; - (iii) promote the use of clean gas for cooking. - ICTs: - Improve quality and reduce costs, and promote emergence of small repair enterprises or units to provide service and create jobs. ### Pillar 3 — Harmonious, balanced local development and environmental preservation (paragraphs 216–225) - Long-term prospective and territorial vision: - Adoption of multiyear strategic frameworks such as the PRSP over the period 2004–06 and the 2007–11 INDS. - Principal objective: set very long term policies (horizon 2030, for example) to guide public action for lasting economic and social development. - Expected outputs: - (i) adoption of a national charter on the prospective and territorial vision of development; - (ii) drafting of a national land development plan, complemented by regional plans; - (iii) formulation of a comprehensive infrastructure program (covering roads, railways, ports, dams, energy, telecommunications, etc.), including major projects that will change the face of Djibouti. - Address territorial challenges: - (i) deep imbalances between urban centers and, within those centers, between neighborhoods; - (ii) far-flung rural areas, essentially inhabited by the poor; - (iii) excessive environmental deterioration. - Main novelty of the INDS: implementation of targeted poverty reduction programs for the poorest and most vulnerable, in an integrated approach. ### Urban development priorities (paragraph 221) - Objectives and actions: - Combat urban poverty with targeted programs addressing income, employment, housing, using innovative approaches tailored to each context. - Restructure desperately poor neighborhoods via infrastructure programs to integrate them with the urban base. - Redress imbalances by upgrading secondary towns—district capitals first—to absorb part of migratory flow toward Djibouti City. - Promote access to decent housing by amplifying and accelerating activities of the Housing Fund and the SID. - Clean up urban living conditions and environment through programs for evacuation of used and rain water and for collection and treatment of solid waste. - Improve regulatory and organizational framework by apportioning roles, increasing communes and civil society involvement, and building urban planning capacities. ### Rural development priorities (paragraph 222) - Tasks and measures: - Reduce grain shortfall via development of arable plots, control of water, improvement of yields, development of special loan facilities, enlargement of stocking capacity, and support for marketing of production. - Improve productivity of livestock breeding by increasing pastoral wells, vaccination centers, abattoirs and slaughter areas, and strengthening hygiene control and disease surveillance. - Increase artisanal fishing production by supporting modernization and maintenance of productive tools, acquisition of freezing methods, and support for marketing. - Provide better access to basic services through innovative approaches tailored to rural characteristics. - Protect natural resources via creation of protected areas and rehabilitation of deteriorated ecosystems. ### Environmental preservation (paragraph 223) - Major priority of the INDS: establish an integrated approach covering urban, rural, and marine environment, atmospheric pollution, etc. - Revise the National Environmental Action Plan (PANE), adopted in 2001, to better coordinate pertinent efforts. ### Targeted poverty-reduction programs and safety nets (paragraphs 224–231) - Objectives for targeted programs: - (i) provide access for the poorest segments to basic services; - (ii) promote income- and job-creation activities in their area; - (iii) set up safety nets for the most underprivileged people. - Innovative approaches to improve basic service access (paragraph 225): - (i) train health workers from target areas to provide advice and basic care, monitor health, and sound alarm when problems arise; - (ii) introduce mobile dispensaries at regular intervals; - (iii) adopt “multilevel” primary-education classes; - (iv) supply solar (or wind) energy especially for pumping water, adult education, and evening schooling support; - (v) promote access to decent housing built with local materials using village solidarity for manpower. - Income- and job-creation approaches: - Rural focus (paragraph 227): - (i) support emergence of cooperatives, especially of women; - (ii) development of arable plots; - (iii) access to water and better seeds; - (iv) advice on agricultural production; - (v) assistance in production marketing; - pilot program to provide small ruminants to poorest households to support subsistence livestock raising; establishment of vaccination centers and standpipes. - Artisanal fishing support: (i) acquisition or repair of pirogues; (ii) supply of nets; (iii) conservation and marketing of production. - Urban focus (paragraph 228): - (i) vocational training in weaving, embroidery, hairdressing, and other urban trades (masonry, cabinet making, plumbing, etc.); - (ii) granting of microcredits to purchase tools for vocational training recipients and to finance promising projects; - (iii) support for emergence of cooperatives, especially of women. - Safety nets (paragraphs 229–231): - Address groups such as street children, displaced persons, and nomads—specific actions planned in the first PRSP that were not satisfactorily implemented. - Street children priorities: - (i) legal protection of children; - (ii) establishment of a social welfare program including accommodation, access to care and education, and socio-psychological assistance; - (iii) training and support for placement of children old enough to work. - Strategy for assisting nomads: - (i) pastoral water resources and animal health programs to ensure livestock security and development; - (ii) creation of fodder areas; - (iii) food assistance; - (iii) access to basic infrastructures (education, health, safe water, etc.) within a policy encouraging nomads to adopt a partly sedentary lifestyle. *Source: _cr09203 - 208.* ### 232. For displaced persons, interventions will involve: (i) food assistance; (ii) access to basic social ### Pillar 4: Anchor the principles of good governance and build capacities ### Interventions for displaced persons - For displaced persons, interventions will involve: (i) food assistance; (ii) access to basic social services (education, health, safe water, etc.); and (iii) the search for a definitive solution to this problem. - Institutional arrangements are required to ensure serious assumptions of liability for these policies; creation of the Djibouti Social Development Agency (ADDS), through the merger of the ADETIP and the FSD, planned before the end of 2007, is identified as a first step. ### Overall governance and capacity-building objectives - Government action plan based on principles: accountability, transparency, the rules of professionalism, broad participation (political parties, unions, local governments, civil society, private sector, citizens), integration and streamlining of public institutions, and monitoring and continuous assessment of performances. - Interventions will hinge upon: - (i) consolidation of the democratic experience; - (ii) pursuit of the justice reform; - (iii) modernization of the public administration; - (iv) effectiveness of the management of public assets; - (v) the deepening of decentralization; - (vi) the systematization of participation and communications; and - (vii) the introduction of an efficient monitoring and assessment system. ### Political institutions, human rights, and justice reform - Strengthen accountability at the political level by revising the electoral system for legislative elections to allow greater presence of Republican Opposition deputies in the National Assembly. - Strengthen the role and human/material capacities of the National Assembly for analyzing draft laws and controlling governmental action. - Strengthen capacities of the Constitutional Council and the Mediator of the Republic. - Human rights activities to include: - (i) campaigns to raise awareness among judges, administrations, the general public; - (ii) ratification of international conventions not yet ratified; - (iii) building capacity of the ministerial department in charge. - Justice system reforms to involve: - (i) building capacity of the Ministry of Justice and training judicial staff; - (ii) harmonization and updating of laws and regulations; - (iii) enhanced judicial and legal security. ### Modernization of public administration and public asset management - Public administration reform priorities: - (i) institutional reform including reorganization and revision of laws/regulations to define portfolios and avoid overlap; - (ii) human resource management: establishment of a career path, impartial rating system, productivity incentives, a single file for civil servants and ongoing training. - Public asset management goal: greater effectiveness and transparency in programming, implementation, and supervision. - Specific actions: - Draft a medium-term budgetary framework (MTBF) and medium-term expenditure frameworks (MTEFs) for priority sectors (education, health, water resources, energy, transport, etc.) with annual updates. - Revise the Public Procurement Code to guarantee greater equity and capacity building for the National Procurement Commission. - Systematic accounting for use of public goods and strengthening capacities of supervisory agencies (Government Inspectors General—Inspection Générale d’Etat, Chamber of Accounts and Fiscal Discipline—Chambre des Comptes et de Discipline Budgétaire, and Financial Supervision Office—Inspection des Finances). ### Decentralization, participation, communications, and INDS ownership - Decentralization priorities: - (i) establishment of a National Decentralization Commission; - (ii) building capacity of local governments; - (iii) introduction of staff rules for local government employees; - (iv) furthering the deconcentration of central government units and enhancing their quality. - Participation and communication: - Adopt a participatory approach at all levels (elected officials, administration, civil society, private sector, development partners) and across INDS stages (formulation, implementation, monitoring, evaluation). - Introduce citizen oversight of government action. - Strengthen communication via an integrated communication strategy across media (printed press, audiovisual, etc.). - Capacity building for civil society organizations is required for effective engagement in public policy dialogue and INDS implementation. ### Monitoring and evaluation system for INDS - Priorities for a high-performing INDS monitoring and evaluation system include: - (i) monitoring poverty and living conditions; - (ii) monitoring physical and financial execution of priority actions, programs and projects; and - (iii) periodic evaluation of the impact of interventions. - Steps to be taken: - Define a system for monitoring and evaluation: institutional chart of responsibilities, instruments, mechanisms for circulating information. - Identify a set of pertinent indicators for implementation and impact assessment of the INDS and MDGs. - Implement a data collection program (surveys, administrative data, etc.) to provide necessary information with required quality, relevance, and timeliness. - Updating and implementing the National Statistics Development Strategy (SNDS) is required to meet INDS data needs. ### Financing the Priority Action Plan (2008–11) - Priority actions evaluated to determine investment costs to seek financing for the 2008–11 priority action plan. - Financing requirements of the 2008–11 PIP and INDS implementation amount to more than DF 112 billion. - Investment financing as percent of GDP: about 3.3 percent of GDP in 2008, 23 percent in 2009, 22 percent in 2010, and 10 percent in 2011. - Vast majority of funding already received is in the form of loans, posing an external debt sustainability issue; emphasis recommended on mobilizing grant resources. ### External assistance and technical support needs - External assistance needed for financing priority actions and technical assistance. - Assistance must cover: - conduct of planned studies for Djibouti’s 2030 vision; - preparation of a strategy and national and regional plans for land development; - RGPH-2 and EDAM-3; - implementation of the SNDS; - implementation of a monitoring and evaluation system; - drafting of the MTBF and sectoral MTEFs for priority sectors. ### Key investment and financing figures (selected exact values from the summary tables) - Financing totals (in millions of Djibouti francs): - External financing: 20,075 (2007); 18,540 (2008); 20,707 (2009); 15,314 (2010); 4,974 (2011); 59,535 (2008/2011). - Grants: 9,818 (2007); 8,726 (2008); 7,263 (2009); 3,110 (2010); 1,374 (2011); 20,473 (2008/2011). - Domestic financing: 3,469 (2007); 2,577 (2008); 2,577 (2009); 2,577 (2010); 2,577 (2011); 10,308 (2008/2011). - National counterpart funding: 570 (2007); 412 (2008); 412 (2009); 412 (2010); 412 (2011); 1,648 (2008/2011). - Total: 23,544 (2007); 21,117 (2008); 23,284 (2009); 17,891 (2010); 7,551 (2011); 69,843 (2008/2011). - Investment expenditure, by financing source (in percent of GDP): - External financing: 13.5 (2007); 12.5 (2008); 14.0 (2009); 10.3 (2010); 3.4 (2011); 40.1 (2008/2011). - Grants: 6.6 (2007); 5.9 (2008); 4.9 (2009); 2.1 (2010); 0.9 (2011); 13.8 (2008/2011). - Loans: 6.9 (2007); 6.6 (2008); 9.1 (2009); 8.2 (2010); 2.4 (2011); 26.3 (2008/2011). - Domestic financing: 2.3 (2007); 1.7 (2008); 1.7 (2009); 1.7 (2010); 1.7 (2011); 6.9 (2008/2011). - Nominal GDP: 148,381 (2007); 162,354 (2008); 179,792 (2009); 198,373 (2010); 217,474 (2011); 189,498 (unnamed period). - Investment expenditure by type of financing (in millions of Djibouti francs): - External financing obtained: 18,540 (2008); 20,707 (2009); 15,314 (2010); 4,974 (2011); 59,535 (2008/2011). - % of external borrowing/financing obtained: 53 (2008); 65 (2009); 80 (2010); 72 (2011); 67 (2008/2011). - External financing needed: 5,394 (2008); 40,142 (2009); 42,021 (2010); 25,205 (2011); 112,762 (2008/2011). - external financing needed in percent of GDP: 3.3 (2008); 22.3 (2009); 21.2 (2010); 11.6 (2011); 59.5 (2008/2011). ### Risks to INDS implementation - Major risk categories: - (i) the basic assumptions (notably dependence on very large FDI flows: US$800 million between 2007 and 2011); - (ii) the required structural reforms (red tape in public administration; resistance from pressure groups or individuals); - (iii) the capacity of national development stakeholders (capacity must be built over time while INDS requires timely implementation). - Additional identified risks: - viability of taxation and sustainability of external debt given expenditure needs; - vulnerability to exogenous shocks related to import prices, weather changes, and natural disasters; - difficulty in mobilizing education and health personnel to work in rural areas; - serious instability of some countries in the region. ### Box 3 — National Statistical Development Strategy (SNDS) (key points and costs) - Purpose: produce reliable, relevant, updated statistics; reform institutional, human resources, and material shortcomings of the National Statistics System (SSN). - SNDS sets medium-term objectives (2006–10), priority strategies and actions, and aligns with international recommendations (United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics; IMF General Data Dissemination System guidelines). - Four strategic objectives: - establish a new framework regulating statistical activities and coordinating the national statistical system; - quantitatively and qualitatively develop human resources assigned to the national statistical system; - improve overall quality and periodicity of statistics produced; - enhance data access and promote a statistical culture. - Targets and actions: 13 operational targets for the system, 13 sectoral targets, 50 results, and 106 groups of priority actions with cost estimates. - Total estimated cost of implementing the 2006–10 SNDS: about DF 3,275 million (US$18.4 million). - Cost breakdown (order of magnitude): economic statistics (27.7 percent); demographic and social statistics (16.1 percent); institutional strengthening and legal/regulatory revision (15.7 percent); general population and housing census (12.7 percent); monitoring living conditions of households (9.7 percent); human resource development (7.4 percent); vital statistics (5.3 percent); publication and dissemination (3.5 percent). - Government plans a round table on financing the strategy with SSN stakeholders and development partners. - The current SNDS version (available since December 2006) must be revised to align its implementation timeline with the INDS (2007–11). *Translated from French; source: IMF staff report content unit _cr09203* ### Annex 1: Progress Against 2006 Objectives for the First PRSP ### Annex 1: Progress Against 2006 Objectives for the First PRSP ### Reduce extreme poverty and inequality - Incidence of extreme poverty (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 42.2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 36.1 - Gap (%): ND - Gini index (reduce by 2% per year) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 40.9 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 38.5 - Gap (%): ND ### Revive economic growth and competitiveness while stabilizing the macroeconomic framework - Average growth rate of real GDP (%) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: 3.5 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 4.6 - Value: 4.8 - Gap (%): 4.3% - Average growth rate of per capita real GDP (%) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: 0.5 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 1.6 - Value: 2.3 - Gap (%): 43.8% - Average growth rate of public investment per year (% of GDP) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: 6.7 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: (no target value shown) - Value: 29.5 - Inflation rate (%) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: 2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 2 - Value: 3.5 - Gap (%): -75% - Overall annual budget balance (payment order basis, including grants, as % of GDP) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: -2.3 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: -4.8 - Value: -2.3 - Gap (%): 52.1% - Average annual external current account balance (official transfers included, % of GDP) — Date: 2003 - Baseline Value: -7.6 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: -16.4 - Value: -8.9 - Gap (%): 45.7% Note: - The average public investment rate for the period 2004–06 is calculated on the basis of projects for which financing is assured plus those for which financing is still to be arranged. ### Improve the accessibility and quality of education at all levels, and ensure equitable and unrestricted access to basic education - Gross admission rate (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 43.6 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: (no target value shown) - Gross enrollment rate in primary school (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 42.7 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 73 - Girls/boys parity index in primary school — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 0.75 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 0.85 - Value: 0.98 - Gap (%): 13.3% - Dropout rate in primary school (CM2, %) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 27.2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 14.5 - Gross enrollment rate in intermediate school (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 23.9 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: (no target value shown) - Graduation rate from primary to secondary school (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 48.6 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 60 - Literacy rate among persons aged 10 years and over (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 18.3 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 26.5 - Value: 53.8 - Gap (%): 103% ### Expand health-care access significantly, particularly for the poor, and improve care quality and system equity - Under-five mortality rate (‰) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 106.2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 85 - Value: 94 - Gap (%): -10.6% - Infant mortality rate (‰) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 94.6 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 75 - Value: 67 - Gap (%): 10.7% - Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 690.2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 570 - HIV seroprevalence rate (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 2.9 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 3 ### Improve access to drinking water - Urban population with access to piped drinking water (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 91.2 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 95 - Value: 97.4 - Gap (%): 2.5% - Rural population with access to a water facility (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 50.9 - Objectives for 2006 Target Value: 52.5 ### Improve access to the electricity system - Rate of access to electricity (%) — Date: 2002 - Baseline Value: 49.7 _Translated from French_ ### Annex 2: Implementation Status of Actions Planned Under the PRSP ### Annex 2: Implementation Status of Actions Planned Under the PRSP ### PILLAR 1: REVIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND BOOST COMPETITIVENESS - Tax reform and revenue administration: - boost collection of collecting agencies (2003–05): 100% - expand the tax base (2003–05): 100% - strengthen tax inspection and collection (2003–05): 80% - implement the VAT on a phased basis (2003–05): 0% - launch ASYCUDA (2003–05): 0% - Complete computerization of direct taxes (2004–05): 60% - Expenditure control and civil service: - control the wage bill (2004–05): 100% - stabilize operating expenditure (2004–05): 100% - Implement a unified civil service roster (2004): 80% - Computerize the expenditure tracking system (2004–05): 50% - Budget priorities and arrears: - Increase government budgetary allocations for education and health (2004–06): 100% - Continue the demobilization program (2004–06): 100% - Gradually pay off domestic arrears (2004–06): 80% - Ensure strict implementation and compliance with the cash budget (2004–06): 100% - Increase the budgetary allocations for capital expenditure (2004–06): 100% - Keep the fiscal deficit below 3.1% of GDP (period not specified) - Study the impact of foreign military bases on the economy (2004–06): 100% - Financial sector and legal framework: - Revise the BCD Charter (2004–06): 100% - Enact a new banking law (2004–06): 100% - Conduct annual audits of the BCD, commercial banks, and exchange bureaus (2004–06): 70% - Draft and adopt a commercial code (2004): 100% - Adopt a new investment code and amend free zone laws (2004): 20% - Set up a single window facility (2004): 0% - Reactivate the International Arbitration Center of the Djibouti Chamber of Commerce (2004): 10% - Trade, private sector, and SMEs: - Conduct a strategic study of pro-poor integrated trade (2003): 50% - Implement the integrated framework (2004): 50% - Development strategy for SMEs/SMIs (2004): 50% - Set up a support center for SMEs and SMIs (2004): 100% - Adopt a new labor code (2004): 100%; Establish a unit to monitor labor (2004): 100% - State enterprises, privatization, and infrastructure: - Gradually merge the OPS and CNR (2005): progress not quantified - Conduct financial audit of Djibouti Telecom, EDD and ONED (2003): progress not quantified - Privatize Djibouti Telecom and EDD (2003): 100% - Strengthen the concession agreement for the Port Autonome de Djibouti (2004): 100% - Gradually pay off government debts per audit/debt settlement plan (2003): 90% - Regular payments by the government of water, electricity, and telephone bills (2003–05): 100% - Update 1997 study on transport, finance, and trade (2004): 100% - Diagnostic survey of trade sector and competitiveness (2003): 70% - Port, transport, and logistics: - Free Zone feasibility study (2004–05): 25% - Build a container terminal and free zone (2004–06): 65% - Build an oil terminal – Phase I (2004–05): 100% - Rehabilitate regional road linking Djibouti to Ethiopia, South corridor (72 km) (2004–06): 100% - Rehabilitate RN1 between Ali Sabieh turn-off and Dikhil (35 km) (2005–06): 100% - Upgrade RN 6 (Dikhil – As Eyla – Lac Abbé) (2006): 100% - Rehabilitate the Djibouti City bypass roads (2004–06): 50% - Implement the open skies policy (2004–06): 100%; remove all restrictions on frequency (2004–06): 0% - Develop air-sea transshipment via airport commercial free zone (2004–06): 100% - ICT and digital development: - Strengthen MCCPT (2004–06): 100%; Establish Djibouti Agency for ICT Regulation (2004–06): 100% - Research ICT market (2004–06): 80%; Survey distribution of ICTs (2004–06): 100% - Djib-Bone metropolitan network (2004–06): 15% - Adopt a policy of universal access to ICTs (2004–06): 100% - SchoolNet Project (2004–06): 40%; National Education and ICT Project (2004–06): 90% - Provide computer equipment for primary and secondary schools (2004–06): 80% - Computerize the Ministry of National Education and Higher Education (2004–06): 70% - Modernize and computerize the government (2004–06): 0% - Develop electronic commerce (2004–06): 30%; Develop content in Somali, Arabic, and Afar (2005–06): 20% - Energy and tourism: - Conduct energy needs survey for poverty reduction (2004–05): 100% - Further update design for connection to Ethiopian power grid (2004–05): 100% - Conduct surveys for wind energy production areas and identify pilot projects (2004–05): 100% - Geothermal study for Assal spring (2004–05): progress not quantified - Installation of 18 MW in existing plants (2004–05): 0%; Tariff study (2004–05): 0% - Strengthen institutional structure of the energy sector (2004–06): 100%; Draft and monitor a national energy plan (2004–06): 100% - Strengthen national/international partnership to promote tourism (2004–06): 0%; Raise public awareness of tourism benefits (2004–06): 100% - Mining and salt exports: - Draw up a map of mining sectors (2004–05): 100% - Conduct geological studies to promote the sector (2004–05): 100% - Promote the economic pole project around Lake Assal (2004–06): 100% ### PILLAR 2: UPGRADE HUMAN RESOURCES - Education system expansion and quality: - Expand preschool/daycare network (2004–06): 10% - Expand enrolment capacity – build/rehabilitate schools (2004–06): 70% - Recruit more teachers (2004–06): 80%; Increase number of primary school teachers (2004–06): 75% - Increase access for girls and impoverished children by paying school fees (2004–06): 80% - Prepare a school map (2004–06): 80% - Implement school book policy; free textbooks for disadvantaged children (2003–05): 100% - Availability of pedagogical guides for teachers (2003–05): 80% - Expand training for teachers and principals (2003–05): 60% - Improve pedagogical supervision frequency (2003–05): 50% - Build 6 post-primary vocational training centers (2003–05): 100% - Build and outfit 3 comprehensive high schools and expand technical high school (2003–06): 75% - Build a national university (2003–04): 50% - Implement a national literacy strategy (2004–05): 100%; Prepare functional curricula (2004–05): 50% - Computerize MENESUP network operations (2004–06): 75% - Expansion of CRIPEN (2004–06): 100% - Health sector reforms and service delivery: - Adopt and implement decrees to restructure healthcare system (2003): 100% - Make Inspectorate General of Health operational (2003): 10% - Strengthen National Health Information System outputs (2003): 30% - Preparation of a health map (2003–05): 10% - Strengthen ante- and post-natal care staffing (2004–06): 50%; Equip maternity facilities (2004–06): 40% - Set up operational referral system in interior districts (2004–06): 30% - Strengthen family planning counseling in each health center (2004–06): 50% - Implement law and awareness to combat genital mutilation (2004–06): 20% - Conduct a population and reproductive health survey (2004–06): 70% - Intensify EPI and 6-month immunization campaigns (2004–06): 75% each; Step up routine immunizations (2004–06): 70% - Implement IMCI training (2004–06): 20%; Revitalize nutritional recovery centers (2004–06): 30% - Malaria: distribute treated mosquito nets (2004–06): 50%; Improve urban sanitation and vector control (2004–06): 20% - Tuberculosis: decentralize testing and treatment using DOTS (2004–06): 15%; Continue monitoring and supervision (2004–06): 30% - HIV/AIDS: strengthen anonymous/free voluntary testing (2004–06): 20%; reduce mother-to-child transmission (2004–06): 30%; supply/facilitate access to condoms (2004–06): 70% - Organize mass and facility-based health information campaigns (2004–06): 80% each; promote community participation (2004–06): 75% - Build/rehabilitate first- and second-tier health facilities (2004–06): 60%; referral facilities (2004–06): 30% - Provide health facility equipment/logistics (2004–06): 30%; Offer population health care meeting standard quality criteria (2004–06): 40% - Make CAMME and Directorate of Medication and Pharmacies operational (2004–06): 75% - Complete national pharmaceutical policy paper (2004–06): 80%; adopt policy for practitioners (2004–06): 80% - Adopt list of essential medications specific to each level of care (2004–06): 50%; stock public facilities in compliance (2004–06): 50% - Train doctors, dentists, and pharmacists to meet 10-year needs (2004–06): 30%; training programs for specialists (2004–06): 20% - Build capacity at the Training Center for Health Practitioners (2004–06): 30% - Implement cost-recovery system and fee procedures (2004): 75% each - Increase public spending on health: allocate 6 percent of government’s operating budget to health and ensure overall health sector budget of 9 percent of the government budget (2004–06): 80% - Decentralize budget management in healthcare districts (2004–06): 10%; evaluate Hôpital Peltier’s management autonomy (2004–06): 75%; implement autonomy plan (2004): 30% - Women, gender, and social inclusion: - Set up a gender training unit (2004–06): 75%; set up multisectoral interministerial committee (2004–06): 100% - Establish gender units at each ministry implementing SNIFD (2004–06): 100% - Select partner NGOs of the program (2004–06): 100%; plan/implement NGO capacity surveys and training plans (2004–06): 75% and 50% respectively - Finalize MOUs with partner NGOs and begin NGO community projects (2004–06): 75%; monitor NGO community projects (2004–06): 75% - Build substantive and management capacity of 20 NGOs to implement SNIFD (2004–06): progress indicators include monitoring and fortnightly meetings (2003–07): 40% - Increase representation of women in decision-making (2003–07): 30%; build capacity of female candidates (2003–07): 15% - Strengthen implementation/monitoring of CEDAW (2003–07): 10%; promote consistency between national and international legal systems (2003–07): 75% - Promote equitable mechanisms for granting children nationality and establishing civil status courts (2003–07): 75% - Promote registration of women on civil register (2003–07): 80% - Promote integrated reproductive health, gender, and HIV programming and mobilization (2003–07): multiple actions with progress ranging from 60% to 80% - Develop strategies to reduce genital mutilation (2003–07): 80%; develop strategies to reduce violence against women (2003–07): 30% - Employment, vocational training, microfinance, and social protection: - Create 150,000 man/day jobs over next 3 years (2004–06): 80% - Training for SMEs and BELs (2004–06): 70% - Gear ADETIP toward poor and job creation (2004–06): 100%; expand ADETIP interventions inland (2004–06): 60% - Research legal framework for microfinance (2004–06): 100%; set up consultation framework for actors (2004–06): 100% - Build capacity in women’s associations via training/supervision through NGO partners (2004–06): 50% - Increase microcredit institutions (2004–06): 20%; develop supply of microfinance to needy areas (2004–06): 30% - Set up flexible procedures suited to needs of poor women (2004–06): 60%; set up national network of MFIs (2004–06): 50% - Social Development Fund Agency establishment upon project completion (2004–06): 0% - Programs to protect and place street children and implement legal protection measures (2004–06): 0% in several items - Food aid programs and medium-term food aid program (2004–06): 100%; livestock development program (2004–06): 30% ### PILLAR 3: PROMOTE INTEGRATED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - Urban planning, housing, and sanitation: - Develop urban development code, building code, and land management code (2003–04): 5% - Update the Djibouti Master Plan (2003–04): 5% - Strategic housing study including gender perspective (2003): 0% - Preserve urban/architectural heritage initiatives (2004–06): 90% - Increase real estate supply by servicing 5,000 lots in Balbala (2003–07): 5% - Assist building 2,000 housing units (2003–07): progress indicated as "???" - Implement phase II of Barwaqo (2003–07): 30%; Build 1,000 housing units (2003–07): 50% - Service land and build 820 housing units in inland towns (2003–07): 0% - Conduct strategic study of sanitation in Djibouti City and establish institutional/financial/legal framework (2003): 100% - Upgrade neighborhoods with drain works for rainwater runoff (2004–06): 50%; develop rainwater treatment networks (2004–06): 50% - Partial rehabilitation of wastewater network and city pumping stations (2004–06): 50% - Sanitation of secondary cities (Ali Sabieh, Tadjourah, Dikhil, Obock) (2004–06): progress not quantified - Train technical personnel for sanitation (2004–06): 10% - Implement priority access program to poor neighborhoods (2003–05): 10% - Develop master plans for land use planning (2004–06): 100%; plan regional development (2004–06): 100% - Waste management and institutional arrangements: - Set up strategy and participatory action plans for pre-collection of household waste (2004–06): 30% - Support effective launch of a sanitation fund (2004–06): progress not quantified - Awareness raising and outreach for sanitation (2004–06): 0% - Environment and biodiversity: - Create two protected marine parks and rehabilitate damaged ecosystems (2004–06): progress not quantified - Implement PANE measures to protect biodiversity and threatened species (2004–06): progress not quantified - Develop an environment code (2004–06): progress not quantified - Research management and protection of the water table (2004–06): 100% - Water resources and rural water infrastructure: - Preliminary technical draft of desalination plant (2004–06): 100% - Deepen/extend multiple neighborhood water networks (PK12, Djebel, Balbala Wahyadaba) (2004–06): 50% each - “Social” connection campaigns (2004–06): 70% - Reduce leaks—replace section valves and identify leaks (first phase) (2004–06): 50% - Identify new water resources for inland towns, including reconnaissance drilling (2004–06): 75% - Rehabilish and build water infrastructure: 10 pumping stations, 23 boreholes, 137 wells rehabilitated, 70 new wells (2004–06): 50% - Build reservoirs and restore underground cisterns (1st phase) (2004–06): 75% - Convert 40 water places to solar energy (2004–06): 50%; disseminate manual dewatering techniques and equip 50 wells (2004–06): 50% - Rehabilitate 100 km of rural roads each year for 5 years (2004–06): 30% - Set up network to monitor the water cycle (2004–06): 80%; Quantify available resources (2004–06): 80%; Inventory water areas (2004–06): 100%; Map water resources (2004–06): 100% - Implement legal and regulatory framework for water (2004–06): 60% - Support effective launch of National Water Fund; government match each dollar mobilized domestically (2004–06): 10% - Rural development, agriculture, livestock, and fisheries: - Special Food Security Program - Phase I (2003–05): actions include intensification, agricultural diversification, water control, south-south cooperation with Morocco (period listed) - Rural development project in six districts (2004–06): progress not quantified for core activities (individual farms, irrigation infrastructure, inputs, rural roads) - Institutional support project: set up regional rural development sub-directorates, central agricultural statistics department, training center for farmers, rehabilitation of MAEM premises (2004–06): progress not quantified - Rural microfinance project (2002–09): local microfinance funds, microcredit, savings (2002–09): progress not quantified - PANE pilot initiative to reforest and regenerate pasturelands; combat desertification (2004–06): progress not quantified - DAY Forest integrated project and Abhé Lake integrated development study (2004–06): progress not quantified - Livestock and pastoral programs (2004–06): activities include disease monitoring network, veterinary capacity, pastoral water resources, livestock census, cattle trade infrastructure—progress not quantified - Fisheries master plan, upgrade fish export infrastructure and sanitary laboratory, support women in fish processing (2004–06): progress not quantified ### PILLAR 4: STRENGTHEN GOOD GOVERNANCE - Justice, courts, and human rights: - Implement the criminal procedure code through decrees (2004–06): 20% - Reform the civil procedure code (2004–06): 10% - Institution of a single court system (2004–06): 80% - Integration of Sharia courts into the single court system (2004–06): 95% - Establish courts of first instance in each inland town (2004–06): 10% - Recruit and provide vocational training for magistrates (2003–05): 80% - Observe independence of magistrates and raise profile of the office (2003–05): 90% - Establish an independent body to promote human rights (2003–04): 50% - Strict implementation of the Family Code (2003–04): 100%; eliminate all forms of discrimination against women (2003–04): 50% - Renovate and humanize detention centers (2003–04): 75%; refurbish the prison (2003–04): 75% - Extend two wings at the Palais de Justice (Main Courthouse) (2003–04): 0%; build courts (2003–04): 0% - Outfit the courts of law (2003–04): 70% - Public administration, transparency, and public expenditure management: - Set up a single automated file to manage government employees (2004–06): 60% - Implement a recruitment procedure on a strictly competitive basis (2004–06): 90% - Strengthen INAP institutional framework (2004–06): 30% - Develop and implement training and re-training for government employees (2004–06): 50% - Ongoing implementation of provisions on budget preparation, monitoring and execution of expenditure (2004–06): 100% - Delegate commitment and authorization of expenditure to line ministries (2004–06): 0% - Set up and recruit staff for the Government Inspectorate General (2004–06): 100%; implement its program of controls (2004–06): 100% - Strengthen the Audit Court’s control and publication of annual reports (2004–06): 100% - Continue work on the expenditure review (2004–06): 80% - Set up a medium-term framework budget consistent with the PRSP (2004–06): 50% - Implement program budgets for education, health, transport, and rural development (2004–06): 50% - Implement an automated file of PIP projects (2004–06): 80% - Define eligibility rules for the PIP and set up a three year PIP and annual capital expenditure budget in line with the strategy (2004–06): 0% - Set up tools to monitor projects and the PIP (evaluation forms and monitoring report) (2004–06): 100% *Annex 2: Implementation Status of Actions Planned Under the PRSP (content unit _cr09203).* ### Annex 3: Execution of the 2004–06 Public Investment Program ### Annex 3: Execution of the 2004–06 Public Investment Program ### Public Investment Program: cost and financing by sector - TOTAL cost: 250,916 - Financing assured: 117,741 (47%) - Financing to be arranged / Financing obtained: 133,176 (53%) - Water - Miscellaneous programs: 5,548 — Financing assured: 5,548 (100%) - Rural water supply: 12,830 — Financing assured: 12,830 (100%) - Urban water supply: 3,703 — Financing assured: 3,703 (100%) - Sanitation - Cost: 16,409 — Financing assured: 5,278 (32%) — Financing obtained: 11,131 (68%) - Housing - Cost: 31,028 — Financing assured: 5,925 (19%) — Financing obtained: 25,103 (81%) - Environment - Cost: 726 — Financing obtained: 726 (100%) - Agriculture, livestock, fishing - Total listed: 9,020 — Financing assured: 9,020 (100%) - Agriculture: 12,800 — Financing obtained: 12,800 (100%) - Livestock: 600 — Financing obtained: 600 (100%) - Fishing: 1,500 — Financing obtained: 1,500 (100%) - Poverty reduction (ADETIP) - Cost: 18,898 — Financing assured: 6,398 (34%) — Financing obtained: 12,500 (66%) - Justice - Cost: 3,510 — Financing obtained: 3,510 (100%) - Advancement of women - Cost: 8,649 — Financing assured: 867 (10%) — Financing obtained: 7,783 (90%) - Tourism - Cost: 490 — Financing obtained: 490 (100%) - Electrical energy - Cost: 2,000 — Financing assured: 2,000 (100%) - Road infrastructure - Cost: 21,000 — Financing assured: 21,000 (100%) - Roads and public facilities - Financing obtained: 15,271 — Financing obtained: 15,271 (100%) - Education - Cost: 56,703 — Financing assured: 39,202 (69%) — Financing obtained: 17,502 (31%) - Health - Financing obtained: 18,124 — Financing obtained: 18,124 (100%) - FSD - Financing obtained: 3,483 — Financing obtained: 3,483 (100%) - Support for economic management - Financing obtained: 8,626 — Financing obtained: 8,626 (100%) --- ### Annex 4: Long-term Objectives of the INDS ### Living standards and conditions — Reduce poverty - 1. Number of poor people (000): (baseline not provided) - 2. Incidence of relative poverty (%): 2002 (value not provided) - 3. Incidence of extreme poverty (%): 2002 — 42.2 - 4. Depth of extreme poverty (%): 2002 (value not provided) - 5. Gini index (%): 2002 — 40.9 - 6. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (%): 2002 (value not provided) ### Levers of growth — Accelerate economic growth - 7. GDP per capita (US$): 2006 — 947; 2011 — 1,331 - 8. Growth rate (%): 2006 — 4.8; 2011 — 5.9 - 9. Growth rate of per capita GDP (%): 2006 — 2; 2011 — 3.3 - 10. Investment rate (as % of GDP): 2006 — 29.5; 2011 — 33.5 - 11. Unemployment rate: 2002 — 60 - 12. Percentage of women in non-farm employment: (no values provided) ### Preserve macroeconomic stability - 13. Inflation rate (%): 2006 — 3.5; 2011 — 3.5 - 14. Overall budget balance (payment order basis, incl. grants, as % du PIB): 2006 — -2.3; 2011 — 0.1 - 15. Current transactions balance (excl. official transfers, as % of GDP): 2006 — -6.4; 2011 — -13.2 - 16. External current account balance (incl. official transfers, as % of GDP): 2006 — -8.9; 2011 — -14.2 - 17. Gross official reserves (in months of imports): 2006 — 3.2; 2011 — 2.4 - 18. Debt/GDP ratio (%): (no values provided) - 19. ODA as percentage of GDP: (no values provided) ### Education and literacy — Improve overall education levels - 20. Gross enrollment rate in primary: 2006 — 55.9; 2011 — 82.9; 2015 — 100 - 21. Net enrollment rate in primary: 2006 — 66.2 - 22. Girls/boys ratio in primary school: 2006 — 0.81; 2011 — 0.93; 2015 — 1 - Girls/boys ratio in intermediate school: 2006 — 0.64; 2011 — 0.81; 2015 — 0,91 - Girls/boys ratio in high school: 2006 — 0.4 - 23. Proportion of children reaching 6th year of elementary school: 2006 — 65.8; 2011 — 81.4; 2015 — 84,3 - 24. Proportion of girls reaching 6th year of elementary school: (no values provided) - 25. Adult literacy rate (15 years and over): 2002 — 27.2 - 26. Adult literacy rate (15-24 years): (no values provided) - 27. Literacy rate among women (15-24 years) vs. men: (no values provided) - 28. Current spending on education as percentage of GDP (Nominal GDP is the estimate prepared by the IMF): 2006 — 7.1; 2011 — 5.6 ### Health and nutrition — Improve the overall state of health - 1. Life expectancy at birth (years): 2002 — 49 - 2. Synthetic fertility rate: 2002 — 4.2; 2011 — 3.5; 2015 — 3 - 3. Infant mortality rate (‰): 2006 — 67; 2011 — 55; 2015 — 40 - 4. Under-five mortality rate (‰): 2006 — 94; 2011 — 80; 2015 — 75 - 5. Proportion of one-year-olds vaccinated against measles: 2006 — 53; 2011 — 90; 2015 — 95 - 6. Maternal mortality rate (for 100,00 live births): 2006 — 550; 2011 — 470; 2015 — 400 - 7. Percentage of births assisted by a skilled health worker: 2006 — 87; 2011 — 90; 2015 — 95 - 8. HIV/AIDS prevalence rate: 2002 — 2.9; 2011 — 2.3; 2015 — 2.3 - 9. HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among women ages 15 to 24 years: 2002 — 2.4; 2011 — 2; 2015 — 2 - 10. Rate of contraception use among men: 2006 — 44; 2011 — 54; 2015 — 62 - 11. Number of AIDs orphans: 2006 — 5000 - 12. Malaria prevalence rate: x (no values provided) - 13. Tuberculosis prevalence rate (per 100,000 inhabitants): 2006 — 1161; 2011 — 500; 2015 — 400 - 14. Proportion of TB cases detected and given short-course treatment: 2006 — 100; 2011 — 100; 2015 — 100 - 15. Rate of coverage within a 5-km radius: 2006 — 80; 2011 — 90; 2015 — 100 - 16. Proportion of population with permanent access to affordable basic medications: x; 2011 — 85; 2015 — 90 - 17. Proportion of population falling short of minimum caloric intake: 2006 — X - 18. Malnutrition rate (weight for age) among children under 5 years: 2002 — 18; 2011 — 10; 2015 — 6 ### Drinking water — Increase access to drinking water - 19. Rate of dwellings with indoor tap: 2006 — 22%; 2011 — 32%; 2015 — 42% - 20. Price of water per m3 (US$): 2006 — 0.87; 2011 — 1; 2015 — 2 - 21. Proportion of population with access to a drinking water source: 2006 — 96.3%; 2011 — 100%; 2015 — 100% - 22. Rate of service in urban areas: 2006 — 75%; 2011 — 90%; 2015 — 100% - 23. Rate of coverage in rural and semi-urban areas: (no baseline value provided) - 24. Proportion of population with access to an improved sanitation system (toilets with sewer connection): 2006 — 20%; 2011 — 23%; 2015 — 26% ### Environment and sustainable management of natural resources - 29–33. Proportion of forested zones; Land area protected to preserve biodiversity; GDP per unit of energy consumed; Carbon dioxide emissions per person: (no values provided) - 33. Consumption of chlorofluorocarbons that harm the ozone layer: (no values provided) ### Good governance and institutional capacities - 34. Proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament: 2006 — 10.8%; 2011 — 10.8%; 2015 — 20% - 35. Satisfaction rate of public service users (General administration; Health; Education; Justice; Commercially traded services): (no values provided) --- ### Annex 5: Short- and Medium-term Objectives ### Accelerate economic growth (2007–2011 targets) - 1. GDP per capita (US$) (baseline 2006 — 947) - 2007 — 1,002 - 2008 — 1,070 - 2009 — 1,156 - 2010 — 1,244 - 2011 — 1,331 - 2. Growth rate (%) (baseline 2006 — 4.5) - 2007 — 5.1 - 2008 — 5.7 - 2009 — 7 - 2010 — 6.6 - 2011 — 5.9 - 3. Growth rate of per capita GDP (%) (baseline 2006 — 2.3) - 2007 — 2.2 - 2008 — 3.1 - 2009 — 4.4 - 2010 — 4 - 2011 — 3.3 - 4. Public investment rate (as % of GDP) (baseline 2006 — 7.5) - 2007 — 12.4 - 2008 — 12.4 - 2009 — 10.1 - 2010 — 8 - 2011 — 6 - 5. Unemployment rate: 2002 — 60; targets through 2011 not provided (2007 shown as .0) ### Preserve macroeconomic stability (2007–2011 targets) - 7. Inflation rate (%) (baseline 2006 — 3.5) - 2007 — 3.5 - 2008 — 3.5 - 2009 — 3.5 - 2010 — 3.5 - 2011 — 3.5 - 8. Overall budget balance (payment order basis, incl. grants, as % of GDP) (baseline 2006 — -2.3) - 2007 — -3.4 - 2008 — -5.4 - 2009 — -3.4 - 2010 — -1.8 - 2011 — 0.1 - 10. External current account balance (incl. official transfers, as % of GDP) (baseline 2006 — -8.9) - 2007 — -13.9 - 2008 — -16.9 - 2009 — -17.9 - 2010 — -15.9 - 2011 — -13.7 - 11. Gross official reserves (in months of imports) (baseline 2006 — 3.2) - 2007 — 2.4 - 2008 — 2.4 - 2009 — 2.4 - 2010 — 2.4 - 2011 — 2.4 - 12. Debt/GDP ratio (%) (baseline 2006 — 55.5) - 2007 — 58.2 - 2008 — 64.3 - 2009 — 71.3 - 2010 — 73.1 - 2011 — 71 ### Improve overall education levels (2007–2011 targets) - 14. Gross enrollment rate at primary level (baseline 2006 — 55.9) - 2007 — 57.5 - 2008 — 66.2 - 2009 — 70.6 - 2010 — 76.8 - 2011 — 82.9 - 16. Girls/boys ratio at primary level (baseline 2006 — 0.81) - 2007 — 0.84 - 2008 — 0.88 - 2009 — 0.92 - 2010 — 0.97 - 2011 — 1 - Girls/boys ratio at intermediate level (baseline 2006 — 0.64) - 2007 — 0.70 - 2008 — 0.73 - 2009 — 0.76 - 2010 — 0.78 - 2011 — 0.81 - 17. Proportion of children reaching 6th year of elementary school (baseline 2006 — 65.8) - 2007 — 70.2 - 2008 — 74.9 - 2009 — 80.0 - 2010 — 80.7 - 2011 — 81.4 - 22. Current spending on education as percentage of GDP (2006 baseline — 7.1) - 2007 — 6.7 - 2008 — 6.2 - 2009 — 5.9 - 2010 — 5.7 - 2011 — 5.6 ### Improve the overall state of health (2007–2011 targets) - Life expectancy at birth (years): (baseline listed as X for projections) - Synthetic fertility rate (baseline 2002 — 4.2) - 2007 — 4.1 - 2008 — 3.9 - 2009 — 3.7 - 2010 — 3.6 - 2011 — 3.5 - Infant mortality rate (‰) (baseline 2006 — 67) - 2007 — 65 - 2008 — 63 - 2009 — 61 - 2010 — 58 - 2011 — 55 - Under-five mortality rate (‰) (baseline 2006 — 94) - 2007 — 92 - 2008 — 90 - 2009 — 87 - 2010 — 84 - 2011 — 82 - Proportion of one-year-olds vaccinated against measles (baseline 2006 — 53) - 2007 — 65 - 2008 — 70 - 2009 — 75 - 2010 — 85 - 2011 — 90 - Maternal mortality rate (for 100,00 live births) (baseline 2006 — 550) - 2007 — 530 - 2008 — 510 - 2009 — 490 - 2010 — 480 - 2011 — 460 - Percentage of births assisted by a skilled health worker (baseline 2006 — 87) - 2007 — 89 - 2008 — 91 - 2009 — 93 - 2010 — 94 - 2011 — 95 - HIV/AIDS prevalence rate (baseline 2006 — 2.9) - 2007 — 2.8 - 2008 — 2.7 - 2009 — 2.5 - 2010 — 2.4 - 2011 — 2.3 - HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among women ages 15 to 24 years (baseline 2002 — 2.4) - 2007 — 2.4 - 2008 — 2.3 - 2009 — 2.2 - 2010 — 2.1 - 2011 — 2 - Rate of contraception use among men (baseline 2006 — 44) - 2007 — 46 - 2008 — 48 - 2009 — 50 - 2010 — 52 - 2011 — 54 - Number of AIDs orphans: 2006 — 5000; projections 2007–2011 — X - Tuberculosis prevalence rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) (baseline 2005 — 1161) - 2007 — 1000 - 2008 — 800 - 2009 — 700 - 2010 — 600 - 2011 — 500 - Proportion of TB cases detected and given short-course treatment: 2006 — 100; 2007–2011 — 100 (each year) - Rate of coverage within a 5-km radius: 2006 — 80 - 2007 — 83 - 2008 — 85 - 2009 — 87 - 2010 — 88 - 2011 — 90 - Proportion of population with permanent access to affordable basic medications: 2006 — 80 - 2007 — 81 - 2008 — 82 - 2009 — 83 - 2010 — 84 - 2011 — 85 - Malnutrition rate (weight for age) among children under 5 years: 2006 — 18 - 2007 — 17 - 2008 — 16 - 2009 — 14 - 2010 — 12 - 2011 — 10 ### Improve access to drinking water (2007–2011 targets) - Rate of dwellings with indoor tap (baseline 2006 — 22%) - 2007 — 24% - 2008 — 26% - 2009 — 28% - 2010 — 30% - 2011 — 32% - Proportion of population with access to a drinking water source (baseline 2006 — 96.4) - 2007 — 97.4 - 2008 — 98.36 - 2009 — 99.32% - 2010 — 100% - 2011 — 100% - Rate of service in urban areas (baseline 2006 — 75%) - 2007 — 78% - 2008 — 81% - 2009 — 84% - 2010 — 87% - 2011 — 90% - Rate of coverage in rural and semi-urban areas: 2006 — 72; target shown as 80 (year not explicitly aligned) ### Ensure a sustainable environment - Proportion of forested zones; Land area protected to preserve biodiversity; GDP per unit of energy consumed; Carbon dioxide emissions per person; Consumption of chlorofluorocarbons that harm the ozone layer: (no numeric baselines or targets provided) ### Enhance governance and strengthen institutional capacities - Proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament: 2006 — 10.8%; 2007 target — 10%; 2011 target — 15% - Satisfaction rate of public service users (General administration; Health; Education; Justice; Commercially traded services): (no numeric baselines or targets provided) *Translated from French — Annex content as provided in the source PDF.* ### Annex 6: Priority Actions, 2008–11 ### Annex 6: Priority Actions, 2008–11 ### Pillar 1 — Growth Potential, Competitiveness, Macroeconomic Framework - Macroeconomic framework - Implement a macroeconomic framework. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 80,100,000. Funding: To be sought. - Production of sector impact studies. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 186,900,000. Funding: To be sought. - Strengthen economic governance - Introduction of a Current Economic Situation Note. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 53,400,000. Funding: To be sought. - Control of payroll. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Stabilization of operating expenses. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Implementation of a single filing system. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Computerization of the expenditure chain. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Economic and budgetary policy - Rigorous application and respect for the cash plan to control current expenditure. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Transport sector (Maritime, Air, Rail, Corridor) - Maritime: Construction of a new container terminal. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 53,400,000,000. Funding: Private. - Maritime: Construction of an industrial and trade free zone. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 2,028,000,000. Funding: Private. - Air Transport: Implement industrial and trade management policy. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 801,000,000. Funding: Obtained. - Rail Transport: "Likely" concession of management to a private operator (memorandum of understanding signed). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Djibouti–Ethiopia transport corridor: Implement customs clearance regime. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 122,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Highways and minor roads (selected projects) - Asphalting of the OBOCK - ERITREA BORDER highway (102 km). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 5,000,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Asphalting of the DJIBOUTI - HOLL-HOLL highway (45 km). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 2,933,000,000. Funding: Obtained, IDB. - Construction of the DJIBOUTI-LOYADA highway (18 km). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 2,044,000,000. Funding: Obtained, IDB. - Refurbishment of RANDA - DORRA and RANDA - DAY highways (51 km and 15 km). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 800,000,000. Funding: to be found. - Improvement of RANDA - BALHO and AS DORA - ASSA GAILA highways. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 300,000,000. Funding: Obtained, KFAED. - Urban Investments Program (Djibouti, Dikhil, Ali Sabieh, Tadjourah, Obock). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 1,400,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - YOBOKI - MOUTROUS - LAC ASSAL route improvement. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 250,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - HOLL-HOLL - ALI SABIEH and DIKHIL - AS ELA improvements (drainage, erosion protection). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 150,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Energy and natural resources (selected actions) - Wind turbine park in Arta; Balbala electricity network; TA to reduce EDD losses and strengthen ONEAD customer management. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 1,300,000,000. Funding: Obtained, WB. - Relief d’Assal geothermal project. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 534,000,000. Funding: Obtained, GEF. - DJIBOUTI / ETHIOPIA link (220 kV and 63 kV lines). Period: 2007–09. Cost in DF: 12,104,000,000 of which 8,900,000,000 Obtained, ADB; 3,204,000,000 To be sought. - Installation of a 7 MW power plant at Boulaos. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 3,204,000,000. Funding: Promise, IDB. - Expansion of Boulaos 2 and installation of 50 MW diesel plant. Period: 2009-10. Cost in DF: 7,120,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - AL BOUM real estate project improvements (feasibility and land). Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 1,780,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Electricity supply to the Haramous area. Period: 2007–09. Cost in DF: 178,000,000. Funding: Private means. - Renewal/extension of Boulaos source pylon. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 1,246,000,000 of which 356,000,000 Obtained, IDB; 890,000,000 To be sought. - Strengthen distribution (63 kV injection points, medium tension schemes). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 890,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Metering system installation and generalization to reduce fraud. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,246,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Supply of energy from the future Ambado power plant (seek financing, works supervisor, validate EDD plans). Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 8,010,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Creation of a dispatching center for production and transport modes. Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 890,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Mining prospection project. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 17,800,000. Funding: Obtained. - Free zones, tourism, and ICT - DAHEZ project: Establish 570 ha free zone for automobile/heavy equipment trade. Period: 2007–09. Cost in DF: 1,250,000,000. Funding: Private. - Tourism: Support regional tourist sites and training; Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 160,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Tourism project funding mechanisms. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 200,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Fiber optic link to Ethiopia (land-based). Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 445,000,000. Funding: Private. - Participation in SMW5 or EIG submarine cable. Period: 2009. Cost in DF: 5,340,000,000. Funding: Private. - New international exchange to replace EWSD. Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 260,325,000. Funding: Private. - Rural wireless CDMA network (6 sites in Djibouti City and 11 rural). Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 1,103,600,000. Funding: Private. - Evolution of CDMA to EVDO (2009) and NGN IP architecture and ADSL capacity increase (2010). Costs: 534,000,000 (2009) and 178,000,000 (2010) respectively. Funding: Private. - Increase GSM and CDMA capacity (2011). Cost in DF: 445,000,000. Funding: Private. - Frequency spectrum monitoring implementation (2008). Cost in DF: 237,630,000. Funding: Private. - Djibouti Telecom building (four-story with 900 m2 hall). Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 1,068,000,000. Funding: Private. - Submarine cable depot at Djibouti (2010). Cost in DF: 178,000,000. Funding: Private. - Industrial development and private sector - Economic and industrial database production. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 66,750,000. Funding: To be sought. - Development of job-creating value-added sectors. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,335,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Support/relaunch of industrial activities. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 587,400,000. Funding: To be sought. - Regional and sector development hubs. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 160,200,000. Funding: To be sought. - Training to improve government service skills. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 133,500,000. Funding: To be sought. - Chamber of Commerce as enterprise promotion vehicle. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 133,500,000. Funding: To be sought. - SME support via FDED credit lines (2010-11). Cost in DF: 2,670,000,000 of which 890,000,000 second line To be sought, KFAED; 1,780,000,000 To be sought IDB. - Microenterprise guarantee fund within FDED (2008–09). Cost in DF: 200,000,000. Funding: To be sought. ### Pillar 2 — Promotion of Access to Basic Services - Education (preschool, basic, primary, secondary, technical, higher) - Extension of maternal classes network. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 45,400,000. Funding: To be sought. - Recruitment of teachers (12 for preschool). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 51,840,000. Funding: To be sought. - Rehabilitation/extension of classrooms. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 750,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Building of two schools. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 120,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Recruit additional teachers (294) for preschool. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,270,080,000. Funding: To be sought. - School fee/stationery support to increase girls/underprivileged access. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 70,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - School canteens support in poor rural and periurban areas. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 270,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - School book policy (primary): free textbooks for vulnerable pupils. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 30,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Recruit additional primary teachers (258). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,625,400,000. Funding: To be sought. - Four dormitories (hostels). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 120,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Secondary education measures: school book policy 35,000,000; vocational/technical policy 30,000,000; career guidance 30,000,000; partnerships 15,000,000; curriculum prep 50,000,000; equipment 150,000,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Recruitment of teachers for technical/professional education: 87 teachers cost 548,100,000; 57 teachers cost 359,100,000; 11 teachers cost 99,000,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Higher education: research policy 150,000,000; equipment strengthening 1,500,000,000; recruit 35 teachers cost 315,000,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - ICT in education: ICT network linking all education sites. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 38,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Strengthening IT equipment (250,000,000) and specialized personnel (15 posts; 31,500,000). Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Health (selected measures and costs) - Make the health charter operational (dissemination, awareness, referral circuits, management tools). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 66,100,000. Funding: To be sought. - Institutional capacity strengthening: evaluation of management committees. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 4,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Accessibility of basic services: itinerant teams, community health agents, annual evaluation. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 14,160,000. Funding: To be sought. - National strategy to combat nontransmissible diseases. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 9,800,000. Funding: To be sought. - Quality assurance training. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 4,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - SMUR (emergency medical response) strengthening and decentralization. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 10,600,000 and create SMUR medical antenna in peripheral areas cost 12,600,000. Funding: To be sought. - Health evacuation abroad: study for solidarity fund and system formalization. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 8,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Fight against mental diseases and eye diseases: costs 14,000,000 and 17,700,000 respectively. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Essential Development Needs (BED) program expansion and institutionalization; BED-related actions cost 142,900,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Human resources and infrastructure expansion (selected items) - Recruitment of medical students at EMD; 200 students cost 480,000,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Recruitment of paramedical students at SSS cost 230,400,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Recruitment of community health agents; 400 cost 28,800,000. Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Construction and equipping of 22 rural health posts. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 902,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Construction and equipping of five community health centers. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 280,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Pneumophtisiology hospital construction. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,730,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Three regional hospitals construction. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 3,600,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Various investments at G. Peltier hospital (medication stock 40,000,000; reanimation and operating block 70,000,000; rehabilitation and re-education center 40,000,000; library 30,000,000; morgue 10,000,000; hospital pharmacy 55,000,000; oxygen production unit 180,000,000). Period: 2008–11. Funding: To be sought. - Implement CNSS compulsory disease insurance: actuarial studies, define architecture. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be sought. - Set up fund for indigent medical services. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 88,500,000. Funding: To be sought. - Water and sanitation (selected actions) - Doraleh water desalination unit implementation. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 11,700,000,000. Funding: Obtained, China. - ONEAD water quality control capacity strengthening. Period: 2008. Cost in DF: 125,000,000. Funding: Obtained, EU. - ONEAD reconditioning of Djibouti and AEP districts and leak combat. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 4,300,000,000. Funding: Obtained, AFESD. - Social strengthening (15 wells, network extensions, 5,000 household connections). Period: 2009-11. Cost in DF: 1,150,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Re-equipping ONEAD sanitation service (trucks, equipment). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 300,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Salines Ouest rainwater canal extension and rehabilitation. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 300,000,000. Funding: Obtained, ADB. - Various sanitation network and treatment works with EU and ADB financing (listed projects with costs: 1,200,000,000; 1,900,000,000; 1,200,000,000; 1,000,000,000; 290,000,000). ### Pillar 3 — Local Development, Environmental Conservation, Assistance for Vulnerable Persons - Land and urban development - Land prospectus to 2030. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 26,550,000. Funding: To be sought. - Land Management Orientation Law. Year: 2011. Cost in DF: 3,540,000. Funding: To be sought. - National land management scheme. Period: 2010-11. Cost in DF: 88,500,000. Funding: To be sought. - Urban management code and Djibouti conurbation orientation scheme. Periods: 2008-10 and 2008–09. Costs in DF: 18,000,000 and 14,240,000 respectively. Funding: To be sought. - Cartographic and topographic database. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 101,169,500. Funding: To be sought. - Barwaqo phase II (viable land plots). Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 746,340,000. Funding: To be sought. - HODANE phase II and III and large-scale housing projects (selected costs) - HODANE phase II. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 5,377,808,500. Funding: Obtained, AFESD, FADD. - Wadajir III construction. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 1,222,000,000. Funding: Private. - Farah (PK12) first tranche: 3,000 homes. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 10,680,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Land management and 1320 homes in secondary cities; development of 3,000 land plots in Djibouti. Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 13,332,750,000. Funding: To be sought. - Environment and climate - Update National Plan of Action for the Environment (PANE). Period: 2008-10. Cost in DF: 70,800,000. Funding: Obtained, UNDP. - National capacities for three conventions (Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification) ANCR project. Period: 2007–08. Cost in DF: 35,540,000. Funding: Obtained, GEF. - Second national statement on climate change. Period: 2007–09. Cost in DF: 71,685,000. Funding: Obtained, GEF. - Promotion of renewable energy. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 354,000,000 of which 177,700,000 Obtained, GEF; 177,700,000 To be sought. - Integrated coastal zone management (Kho-Angar, Douda). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 708,000,000 of which 407,100,000 Obtained; 300,900,000 To be sought. - Protected areas network implementation (terrestrial and marine). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 35,540,000. Funding: Obtained, UNDP. - Agriculture, livestock, fishing, rural development - Mining of livestock trade development, animal health, training, drought emergency programs — multiple projects and budgets (examples): - Animal health and food safety project: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 230, 328,667. Funding: To be sought. - Livestock technicians training and recruitment. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 250,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Emergency drought alleviation: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 292,800,000. Funding: To be sought. - Animal production improvement program: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 870,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Periurban development project: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 246,418,000. Funding: To be sought. - Special Food Security Program (PSSA) and abattoir construction - PSSA livestock component: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 32,220,000. Funding: Obtained. - Construction of abattoir to international standards. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 773,350,000. Funding: Obtained. - Special plant intensification component: Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 52,000,000. Funding: Obtained, IDB, FAO. - Medium-term and national investment program (PNIMT, NEPAD): irrigated areas extension etc. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 786,958,050. Funding: To be sought. - Surface water mobilization and natural resource projects (IFAD, GEF). Periods and costs: - Pilot agro-grazing sites (MAEM): Period: 2009-11. Cost in DF: 1,157,000,000 Obtained, IFAD; 178,000,000 Obtained, GEF. - Fishing sector (selected package) - Upgrade fish export infrastructure, health control laboratory. Period: 2007–11. Cost in DF: 454,000,000. Funding: Obtained, ADB. - Institutional support and capacity strengthening for fishing and maritime affairs. Period: 2008–11. Costs listed: 300,000,000; 300,000,000; 388,000,000; 32,000,000; 32,000,000; 98,000,000; 100,000,000 (various subcomponents). Funding: mix of To be sought and Obtained. - Microfinance, rural development, combating poverty - IFAD-supported network of saving and loan banks and special credit lines. Period: 2007–11. Cost in DF: 694,000,000. Funding: Obtained, IFAD. - ADDS priority programs for underprivileged neighborhoods and Balbala: multiple interventions with obtained financing (AFD, WB, IDB, ADB) and planned costs (examples: 750,000,000 Obtained, AFD for neighborhoods opening; Balbala electricity connection 267,700,000 Obtained, WB). - Vulnerable population groups and Zakat - Increase Zakat collection, produce beneficiary database (orphans, handicapped, elderly, divorced, widows, spinsters, poor families). Periods: 2007 and 2008–11. Costs: database 100,000,000 (Private); Zakat collection expansion program total 514,304,000 (Private). - Assistance for orphans (sponsorship forecast 3,000 beneficiaries in four years). Costs: 40,620,000 (2007) and 720,000,000 (2008–11). Funding: Private. ### Pillar 4 — Local and Administrative Governance, Capacity Strengthening - Administrative reform and civil service modernization - Diagnostic study and update of public administration statutes. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 89,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Strengthening public administration management capacities; procedural manual; archives modernization. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 62,300,000. Funding: To be sought. - Performance appraisal system support. Period: 2009-11. Cost in DF: 89,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Civil servant career plan establishment. Year: 2009. Cost in DF: 35,400,000. Funding: To be sought. - Ethical code for civil service. Year: 2008. Cost in DF: 17,800,000. Funding: To be sought. - Decentralization, local development finance and capacity - Support for decentralization actors (training, tools, awareness). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 70,800,000. Funding: Obtained, EU, FENU, UNDP, SCAC, ACBF. - Implement a Local Development Fund (FDL), local investment fund (FIL), participatory financing code, and maintenance manual. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 195,800,000 Obtained, EU, FENU, UNDP, SCAC, ACBF (of which 178,000,000 for the FIL). - Support for local development (reports, regional plans, associative support, microproject financing). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 26,700,000 Obtained, EU, FENU, UNDP, SCAC, ACBF. - Transfer of competencies and resources to local organizations; consolidation of legal structure. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 35,400,000 Obtained, FENU, SCAC, UNDP. - Justice reform and human rights - Construction of courts for first instance jurisdictions in five regions and borough courts (Boulaos and Balbala). Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Diagnostic and reform of legislation and codes to modernize for economic needs. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Implement national policy to promote and protect human rights (create permanent agency). Year: 2008. Cost in DF: To be decided. - Central administration infrastructure - Construction of operational premises for central administration. Year: 2008. Cost in DF: 100,000,000. Funding: Obtained, Tender launched. - Civil protection, disaster risk management, emergency preparedness - Strengthen Executive Secretariat for Disaster Management: institutional capacity building and preparedness. Period: 2007–08 and 2008–11. Cost items: - Executive Secretariat capacity project (2007–08) Cost in DF: 34,000,000 Obtained, IDA. - Preparation/review of disaster readiness and emergency intervention plans. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 8,600,000. Funding: To be sought. - Enabling decrees for National Disaster Management Policy. Year: 2008. Cost in DF: 2,300,000. Funding: To be sought. - Staff training at the Secretariat. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 12,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Risk map production. Year: 2008. Cost in DF: 14,750,000 of which 8,750,000 Obtained, WB; 6,000,000 To be sought. - Early warning system implementation. Period: 2008–09. Cost in DF: 25,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Student manual on reducing disaster risk (2009). Cost in DF: 7,450,000. Funding: To be sought. - Emergency fund (national budget) set up. Year: 2008. Cost in DF: 100,000,000. Funding: Obtained, State. - Local/regional offices in interior (2008–09). Cost in DF: 24,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Strengthen ONARS and Red Cross capacities for emergency operations (equipment, training, regional stocks). Period: 2008–09. Costs: To be decided. - Civil protection infrastructure projects (barracks, rescue centers, training center, Balbala rehabilitation, PK12 baracks). Period: 2008–09 onward. Costs: To be decided; some State budget lines indicated. Key cross-cutting actions (institutional, social, youth, employment) - Social protection and employment - Merger of social welfare funds (OPS and CNR) and actuarial studies to set up coherent social security/pension/sickness insurance systems. Periods: 2008–09 and 2008-10. Various cost estimates: 15,000,000; 50,000,000; 20,000,000; 20,000,000; 35,000,000 (To be sought). - Employment and qualifications observatory. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 100,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - National Program for Youth Adaptation and Integration (PNIAP). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 954,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Active employment policy, vocational training, and ANEFIP establishment. Period: 2008–11. Costs and some elements: To be decided. - Youth, sport, leisure and community development - Community development centers (CDC) implementation and promotion; multiple actions. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 788,500,000. Funding: To be sought. - Promote sport and leisure infrastructure and activities (stadium, pools, high-level support). Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 2,090,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Leisure centers, "Vacations for All", cultural activities. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 1,750,000,000 and cultural access 70,000,000; other institutional costs 170,000,000; interministerial strengthening 25,000,000. Funding: To be sought. - Cross-sectoral gender and women’s participation actions (selected costs) - Strengthen ministerial coordination, gender training unit, program management unit, gender units in ministries. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: examples — 43,719,114; 108,758,000; 257,737,058; 22,027,500; 512,052,600. Funding: To be sought. - Strengthening of gender mainstreaming capacities central/local (2008). Cost in DF: 5,310,000. Funding: Obtained. - Support and capacity strengthening for 20 NGOs to implement SNIFD neighborhood programs. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 248,650,336. Funding: To be sought. - Measures to increase women’s representation and leadership; training for electoral candidates. Period: 2008–11 and 2008. Costs: 8,673,762 and 6,934,746 respectively. Funding: To be sought. - Preparation of national strategy to combat gender-based violence. Period: 2008–11. Cost in DF: 12,380,600. Funding: To be sought. - Measures to reduce genital mutilation and violence against women; support services and provisional accommodation centers. Period: 2008 and 2008–09. Costs: 14,911,772; 14,911,772; 12,086,022; 17,834,888. Funding: To be sought. Italic: Source: _cr09203 - Annex 6: Priority Actions, 2008–11 (translated sections and project listings with periods, costs in DF, and funding status as provided in the original document)._ ### Annex 7. Public Investment Program, 2007–11 ### Annex 7. Public Investment Program, 2007–11 ### Secured Financing (millions of Djibouti francs) - Table presents project-level secured financing by sector, donor, project title, implementing institution, financing type, total financing, and yearly disbursements for 2007–2011 (columns: Total fin.; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2008/2011). - Selected project financing entries (as presented): - ACBF — In support of the Cour des Comptes; MJDH; Grant; Total fin. 194; 2007: 23; 2008/2011: 0. - ACBF — In support of l'Inspection Générale d'État; PM; Grant; Total fin. 177; 2008: 95; 2009: 79; 2010: 3; 2008/2011: 82. - ADB — Water and sanitation (AfDF X); MAEM; Grant; Total fin. 1,915; 2007: 90; 2008: 300; 2009: 1,008; 2010: 443; 2011: 524; 2008/2011: 2,275. - ADB — Education III; MENESUP; Grant; Total fin. 97; 2007: 30; 2010: 50; 2011: 17; 2008/2011: 67. - ADB — Education III; MENESUP; Loan; Total fin. 1,215; 2007: 300; 2008: 300; 2009: 533; 2010: 315; 2008/2011: 1,148. - ADB — Electric power grid project; MERN; Loan; Total fin. 4,618; 2007: 1,252; 2008: 1,422; 2009: 1,244; 2010: 1,147; 2011: 400; 2008/2011: 4,213. - IDB — Wind power development project; MERN; Loan; Total fin. 3,554; 2010: 554; 2011: 1,000; 2008/2011: 1,554. - IDB — Djibouti-Loyada road project; MET; Loan; Total fin. 2,044; 2009: 644; 2010: 700; 2011: 700; 2008/2011: 2,044. - AFESD — Construction, University of Djibouti; MENESUP; Loan; Total fin. 2,975; 2008: 130; 2009: 1,470; 2010: 1,470; 2008/2011: 3,070. - AFESD — Extension of Boulaos power plant (phase 4) - EDD; MERN; Loan; Total fin. 2,380; 2007: 1,130; 2008: 1,000; 2009: 614; 2010/2011: —; 2008/2011: 1,614. - EDF — Water/sanitation investment program; MAEM; Grant; Total fin. 3,872; 2007: 1,686; 2008: 1,500; 2009/2010/2011: —; 2008/2011: 1,500. - IMF — HIV/AIDS campaign; MSP; Grant; Total fin. 2,133; 2007: 500; 2008: 600; 2009: 451; 2008/2011: 1,051. - IDA (WB) — Health sector development; MS; Loan; Total fin. 2,666; 2007: 630; 2008: 630; 2009: 98; 2010/2011: —; 2008/2011: 728. - China — Djibouti Télécom (extension of the mobile network); MCCPT; Loan; Total fin. 3,251; 2007/2008/2009/2010/2011: —; 2008/2011: 0. - USA — Equal access to basic education; MENESUP; Grant; Total fin. 2,133; 2007: 391; 2008: 231; 2009/2010/2011: —; 2008/2011: 231. - Italy — Addition to Balbala hospital; MSP; Grant; Total fin. 2,028; 2007: 500; 2008: 500; 2009: 500; 2010: 800; 2008/2011: 1,800. - Kuwait — Tadjourah-Obock road; MET; Loan; Total fin. 4,710; 2007: 630; 2008: 700; 2009: 1,500; 2010: 1,475; 2008/2011: 3,675. - Aggregated total line (as shown): Total 23,54 4 21,117 23,284 17,891 7,551 69,843 ### PIP Financing Requirements (millions of Djibouti francs) - Table 2 lists financing requirements by project title, institution, total financing, and annual needs for 2008–2011 (columns: Total fin.; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2008/2011). - Selected financing requirement entries (as presented): - Agriculture — Intensification of food crop production (PSSA); MAEM; Total fin. 52; 2009: 260; 2010: 265; 2011: 262; 2008/2011: 787. - Water/Sanitation — Creation of a sea water desalinization plant in Doraleh; MAEM; Total fin. 11,600; 2008: 3,000; 2009: 4,600; 2010: 4,000; 2011: —; 2008/2011: 11,600. - Water/Sanitation — Rehabilitation of AEP Djibouti and regions network and anti-leakage campaign; MAEM; Total fin. 4,300; 2009: 1,300; 2010: 1,500; 2011: 1,500; 2008/2011: 4,300. - Water/Sanitation — Network enlargement; MAEM; Total fin. 3,100; 2009: 1,000; 2010: 1,100; 2011: 1,000; 2008/2011: 3,100. - Education — Recruitment of additional primary school teachers (294); MENESUP; Total fin. 1,270; 2009: 317; 2010: 318; 2011: 318; 2008/2011: 953. - Education — Recruitment of teachers in the middle school teaching cycle (258); MENESUP; Total fin. 1,625; 2009: 406; 2010: 406; 2011: 406; 2008/2011: 1,218. - Education — Equipment enhancements for higher education; MENESUP; Total fin. 1,500; 2009: 375; 2010: 375; 2011: 375; 2008/2011: 1,125. - Energy — Djibouti-Ethiopia electrical power connection; MERN; Total fin. 3,204; 2008: 800; 2009: 1,600; 2010: 804; 2011: —; 2008/2011: 3,204. - Energy — Enlargement of Boulaos 2 turbine room and installation of 15 GW generating set; MERN; Total fin. 7,120; 2008: 2,100; 2009: 3,600; 2010: 1,420; 2011: —; 2008/2011: 7,120. - Energy — Extraction of energy from the Khor Ambado generating plant; MERN; Total fin. 8,010; 2008: 4,005; 2009: 4,005; 2010: 0; 2011: —; 2008/2011: 8,010. - Infrast. roads — Asphalting of the Obock–Erythrée highway; MET; Total fin. 5,000; 2009: 500; 2010: 1,500; 2011: 1,500; 2008/2011: 3,500. - Fishing — Improve fishing incomes and create jobs; MAEM; Total fin. 752; 2008: 250; 2009: 250; 2010: 252; 2011: —; 2008/2011: 752. - Health — Broadening health coverage; MSP; Total fin. 7,595; 2008: 1,500; 2009: 1,500; 2010: 1,500; 2011: 4,500; 2008/2011: 7,595. - Social/Anti-poverty — Djibouti Economic Development Fund (FDED); PR; Total fin. 2,670; 2010: 445; 2011: 445; 2008/2011: 890. - Representative environment and governance needs (as presented): - Environment — Improved integrated management of coastal areas (Khor Angar, Douda); MHUEAT; Total fin. 354; 2008: 86; 2009: 90; 2010: 90; 2011: 90; 2008/2011: 356. - Governance — Strengthening of capacities of local governing bodies in budget programming; MID; Total fin. 196; 2009: 65; 2010: 70; 2011: 61; 2008/2011: 196. ### Key statistics and multi-year aggregates (as presented) - Large single-project financing requirements highlighted in the tables: - Sea water desalinization plant in Doraleh: 11,600 (Total fin.). - Extraction of energy from Khor Ambado generating plant: 8,010 (Total fin.). - Broadening health coverage: 7,595 (Total fin.). - Enlargement of Boulaos turbine room and 15 GW installation: 7,120 (Total fin.). - Asphalting of Obock–Erythrée highway: 5,000 (Total fin.). - Aggregated secured financing summary line as presented in the source: - Total 23,54 4 21,117 23,284 17,891 7,551 69,843 *Translated from French — Annex 7. Public Investment Program, 2007–11 (tables of secured financing and financing requirements, millions of Djibouti francs).* ### Introduction of a civic culture of equality and equity ### Introduction of a civic culture of equality and equity ### Social / Anti-poverty: project portfolio highlights and financing needs - MPF — Introduction of a civic culture of equality and equity - Total: 28 - 2008: 8 - 2009: 10 - 2010: 10 - 2008–11: 28 - MPF — Integrated approach to community health - Total: 74 - 2008: 24 - 2009: 25 - 2010: 25 - 2008–11: 74 - MPF — Development of IEC activities and activities to prevent HIV/AIDS - Total: 3 - 2008: 1 - 2009: 2 - 2008–11: 3 - MPF — Improvement of women’s reproductive health - Total: 5 - 2008: 2 - 2009: 3 - 2008–11: 5 - MPF — Development of strategies to fight against harmful practices - Total: 72 - 2008: 24 - 2009: 24 - 2010: 24 - 2008–11: 72 - MPF — Social mobilization and policies for developing HIV/AIDS prevention and eradication strategies - Total: 4 - 2008: 2 - 2009: 2 - 2008–11: 4 - MPF — Improved schooling for young girls - Total: 17 - 2008: 13 - 2009: 2 - 2010: 2 - 2008–11: 17 - MPF — Training community leaders for CDCs - Total: 11 - 2008: 5 - 2009: 6 - 2008–11: 11 - MPF — Information and awareness campaign with partners - Total: 3 - 2008: 3 - 2008–11: 3 - MPF — Cooperation workshops to deploy SNIFD in the formal economy - Total: 4 - 2008: 2 - 2009: 2 - 2008–11: 4 - MPF — Contribution to the fight against poverty among women - Total: 50 - 2008: 20 - 2009: 15 - 2010: 15 - 2008–11: 50 - MPF — Strengthening the capacities of NGOs in the 5 regions - Total: 247 - 2008: 247 - 2008–11: 247 - MPF — Development of local capacities to train adults - Total: 238 - 2008: 238 - 2008–11: 238 - MPF — Improved economic inclusion and achievement of female entrepreneurs - Total: 9 - 2008–11: 9 - MPF — Facilitate women’s access to public and private sector jobs - Total: 28 - 2008: 8 - 2009: 10 - 2010: 10 - 2008–11: 28 - MESN — Strengthen ties between social security service offices - Total: 140 - 2008: 40 - 2009: 50 - 2010: 50 - 2008–11: 140 - Larger youth, sports, culture and rural development projects (MJSLT, PM) - MJSLT — Promote social and professional integration of adolescents and youth - Total: 1,599 - 2008: 533 - 2009: 533 - 2010: 533 - 2008–11: 1,599 - MJSLT — Enlarge access to sports infrastructures and activities - Total: 2,090 - 2008: 696 - 2009: 697 - 2010: 697 - 2008–11: 2,090 - MJSLT — Creation of leisure facilities and activities - Total: 1,750 - 2008: 580 - 2009: 590 - 2010: 580 - 2008–11: 1,750 - MJSLT — Access to cultural and artistic activities in the CDCs - Total: 70 - 2008: 20 - 2009: 25 - 2010: 25 - 2008–11: 70 - MJSLT — Strengthening institutional and operational capacities - Total: 843 - 2008: 281 - 2009: 281 - 2010: 281 - 2008–11: 843 - PM — Development of infrastructures and equipment in Boulaos - Total: 1,424 - 2008: 474 - 2009: 475 - 2010: 475 - 2008–11: 1,424 - PM — Development of infrastructures and equipment in Balbala - Total: 1,246 - 2008: 415 - 2009: 416 - 2010: 415 - 2008–11: 1,246 - PM — Development of microfinance - Total: 450 - 2009: 225 - 2010: 225 - 2008–11: 450 - PM — Rural development program - Total: 445 - 2008: 220 - 2009: 225 - 2008–11: 445 - PM — Program for priority intervention in rural areas - Total: 445 - 2008: 115 - 2009: 115 - 2010: 115 - 2008–11: 345 - Urban planning projects (MHUEAT) - Strengthen the institutional instruments of urban planning - Total: 139 - 2008: 69 - 2009: 70 - 2008–11: 139 - Completion of phase II of the Barwaqo project - Total: 746 - 2008: 373 - 2009: 373 - 2008–11: 746 - Planning for 3,000 plots in Djibouti and construction of 1,320 dwellings in second tier cities - Total: 13,333 - 2008: 4,444 - 2009: 4,444 - 2010: 4,444 - 2008–11: 13,332 - Study for the project to construct 1,000 dwellings in Hodane (phase III) - Total: 100 - 2008: 50 - 2009: 50 - 2008–11: 100 - Aggregate totals (excerpt) - Total (selected table): 5,394 (column label) - 2008: 40,142 - 2009: 42,021 - 2010: 25,205 - 2008–11: 112,762 ### SNDS 2008–11 Priority Action Plan — statistics sector costs and objectives - Overall cost of the SNDS 2008–11 - Total: 3 073 571 (DF 000) - 2008: 916 534 - 2009: 940 001 - 2010: 683 451 - 2011: 533 585 - Strategic pillar 1 — General governance, coordination, institutional strengthening, planning - Total cost of strategic pillar 1: 446 599 - 2008: 73 668 - 2009: 247 323 - 2010: 72 124 - 2011: 53 484 - Key operational objectives and expected results: - Update the regulations and the institutional reform plan - Expected: The SSN regulatory framework has been revised and corrected, in particular as regards observance of the basic principles of official statistics and the distribution of statistical responsibilities at the central and decentralized levels. - Cost line: 1,289 total; 1,239 (2008) and 50 (unspecified year) indicated. - Coordination: Establish an effective technical coordination system in the fields selected in the SNDS 2008-2012 - Expected results include formal channels for exchanging data with the main SSN producing agencies, DISED staffing and technical assistance plans. - Cost line: 12,674 total; 8,174 (2008); 900 (2009); 1,800 (2010); 1,800 (2011). - Institutional strengthening: Restructure DISED to meet the needs of the new Statistics Act - Expected: The working context is suitable to the production of quality statistics. - Cost line: 423,994 total; 63,321 (2008); 245,389 (2009); 64,584 (2010); 50,700 (2011). - Planning: Ensure follow-up to implementation of the SNDS - Expected: Progress in implementing the SNDS is regularly evaluated. - Cost line: 8,642 total; 934 (2008); 984 (2009); 5,740 (2010); 984 (2011). - Strategic pillar 2 — Recruitment and training (staffing and capacity building) - Total cost of strategic pillar 2: 229 011 - 2008: 23 574 - 2009: 75 500 - 2010: 95 837 - 2011: 34 100 - Key planned recruitments and training: - Recruit and train 8 Ingénieurs Statisticiens Economistes and Ingénieurs Démographes (Bac + 5 years). - Recruit and train 20 Ingénieurs des Travaux Statistiques or equivalent (Bac + 4 years). - Recruit and train officers and staff as necessary for the national statistics system. - Recruit and train 50 Adjoints de la Statistique (Bac + 2 years). - Cost line for recruitment and training: 167,937 total; 17,437 (2008); 61,500 (2009); 68,000 (2010); 21,000 (2011). - Production managers and non-statistician staff training. - Cost line: 61,074 total; 6,137 (2008); 14,000 (2009); 27,837 (2010); 13,100 (2011). - Strategic pillar 3 — Data collection, core surveys, sectoral statistics - Total cost of strategic pillar 3: 2 305 320 - 2008: 808 185 - 2009: 576 786 - 2010: 494 919 - 2011: 425 430 - Major activities, objectives and costs: - Population: The second population census is conducted; Create a centralized civil registry system. - Population census cost line: 690,451 total; 332,774 (2008); 242,848 (2009); 114,829 (2010). - Civil registry system: 138,128 total; 6,874 (2008); 76,072 (2009); 25,175 (2010); 30,007 (2011). - Household living conditions: Permanent household survey from 2008; comprehensive survey in 2009; Demographic and health survey. - Cost line: 276,442 total; 71,200 (2008); 10,182 (2009); 54,539 (2010); 140,521 (2011). - Methodologies: Harmonize tools and improve data quality. - Cost line: 51,754 total; 21,761 (2008); 6,764 (2009); 9,701 (2010); 13,528 (2011). - Economic accounts: Implement SNA 93 and consolidate national accounts production. - Cost line: 162,952 total; 53,081 (2008); 43,187 (2009); 32,142 (2010); 34,542 (2011). - Price statistics: Monthly consumer price indices and household expenditure survey. - Household expenditure survey cost line: 57,446 total; 14,228 (2008); 14,228 (2009); 14,228 (2010); 14,762 (2011). - External trade statistics: Quarterly bulletin and external trade indices. - Cost line: 48,619 total; 20,677 (2008); 9,314 (2009); 9,314 (2010); 9,314 (2011). - Balance of payments: Prepare and publish statistics in accordance with GDDS. - Cost line: 25,912 total; 9,148 (2008); 5,588 (2009); 5,588 (2010); 5,588 (2011). - Money, finance and insurance: Introduce budget and finance statistics unit; produce TOFE. - Cost line: 60,971 total; 19,205 (2008); 13,922 (2009); 13,922 (2010); 13,922 (2011). - Industry, trade and services: Central statistics structure for enterprises and establishments. - Cost line: 132,173 total; 18,989 (2008); 24,500 (2009); 69,842 (2010); 18,842 (2011). - Transportation: Implement Observatoire National des Transports for trade flows, prices and quality of transport services. - Cost line: 68,399 total; 59,927 (2008); 2,024 (2009); 2,024 (2010); 4,424 (2011). - Agriculture, livestock, water and fishing: Single statistics unit within MAEM-Water Resources (RH). - Cost line: 189,291 total; 78,613 (2008); 46,966 (2009); 30,708 (2010); 33,004 (2011). - Education: Consolidate administration and dissemination of education statistics. - Cost line: 199,615 total; 42,262 (2008); 56,917 (2009); 65,542 (2010); 34,894 (2011). - Health: Finalize comprehensive health information system; produce main health indicators. - Cost line: 81,688 total; 43,951 (2008); 6,379 (2009); 6,379 (2010); 24,979 (2011). - Active Population (employment and labor): Centralize statistical functions relating to labor and employment. - Cost line: 85,460 total; 15,495 (2008); 17,895 (2009); 21,535 (2010); 30,535 (2011). - Housing: Strengthen analytical capacities in the Housing Department. - Cost line: 36,019 total; breakdown includes 19,451 and 16,568 in unspecified years. - Strategic pillar 4 — Publication and dissemination, awareness and DISED publications - Total cost of strategic pillar 4: 92 641 - 2008: 11 107 - 2009: 40 392 - 2010: 20 571 - 2011: 20 571 - Key deliverables and costs: - DEV Info installed and staff trained - Publications policy, yearly thematic documents (~20 pages), online yearbook updated. - Cost line for DISED publications and dissemination: 55,631 total; 2,136 (2008); 28,421 (2009); 12,537 (2010); 12,537 (2011). - Define publication formats, sector training plans, awareness campaigns. - Cost line: 9,937 total; 5,937 (2009); 2,000 (2010); 2,000 (2011). - Observe international dissemination standards; Djibouti adheres to the GDDS. ### Key numerical summary (selected) - SNDS 2008–11 overall cost: 3 073 571 (DF 000) - Strategic pillar totals: - Pillar 1: 446 599 - Pillar 2: 229 011 - Pillar 3: 2 305 320 - Pillar 4: 92 641 - Major single-item costs: - Population census and related activities: 690,451 - Civil registry centralization: 138,128 - Household living conditions surveys and demographic and health survey: 276,442 - Agriculture, livestock, water and fishing statistics unit: 189,291 *Translated from French; content as presented in the SNDS 2008–11 Priority Action Plan and associated project portfolio.* --- _Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09203.pdf_