## _cr10104

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### Introduction — purpose, scope, and structure
- PRS of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012: medium-term programme to implement the National Development Strategy (NDS) up to 2015; defines major socio-economic priorities for 2010–2012, accounting for the global economic and financial crisis.
- PRS focuses on 12 sectors grouped into three blocks:
  - Functional Block: public administration reform; macro-economic development; improvement of the investment climate; private sector and entrepreneurship; regional cooperation and integration into the global economy.
  - Production Block: food security and agricultural sector; infrastructure, energy and industry.
  - Social Block: education and science; healthcare; social welfare; water supply, sanitation, housing and municipal services; environmental sustainability; gender equality.
- Cross-cutting: gender equality, environmental protection and adaptation to climate change included in sector measures.
- Monitoring: PRS formulated as concrete actions with timetable, responsible parties, financing sources, quantitative and qualitative indicators; annual review mechanism envisaged.

### Poverty outcomes (2003–2007, survey basis) and dynamics
- Survey methods: (i) international standard US$ 2.15/day (PPP), and (ii) basic household needs (consumption per capita).
- International-standard poverty (US$ 2.15/day) — selected figures:
  - Total (2003): Population 6,667,510; No. of poor persons 4,233,341; Percentage of poor persons (%) 63.5
  - Urban (2003): Population 1,804,290; No. of poor persons 1,066,293; Percentage of poor persons (%) 59.1
  - Rural (2003): Population 4,863,220; No. of poor persons 3,167,048; Percentage of poor persons (%) 65.1
  - Total (2007): Population 7,061,429; No. of poor persons 2,886,561; Percentage of poor persons (%) 40.9
  - Urban (2007): Population 1,856,865; No. of poor persons 747,778; Percentage of poor persons (%) 40.3
  - Rural (2007): Population 5,204,564; No. of poor persons 2,138,783; Percentage of poor persons (%) 41.1
- Basic household needs (absolute poverty) — selected figures:
  - Total (2003): Population 6,667,510; No. of poor persons 4,830,408; Percentage of poor persons (%) 72.4
  - Total (2007): Population 7,061,429; No. of poor persons 3,779,802; Percentage of poor persons (%) 53.5
  - Urban (2007): Percentage of poor persons (%) 49.4
  - Rural (2007): Percentage of poor persons (%) 55,0
- Additional 2007 details:
  - Overall poverty (basic needs): 53.5 percent.
  - Absolute poverty: 17.1 percent.
  - One third of the poor were in absolute poverty in terms of food.
  - Difference in basic needs poverty urban/rural: urban 49.4 percent; rural 55 percent; difference 5.6 percent.
  - Absolute poverty rate urban 18.9 percent; rural 16.4 percent.
- Poverty-growth elasticity and dynamics:
  - GDP per capita growth elasticity: 1 percent growth reduces general poverty indicator by 0.62 percent.
  - Poverty rate was 53.5 percent in 2007.
  - Given GDP per capita growth of 6.7 percent in 2009 vs 2007, poverty rate reduced by 4.2 percent to 49.3 percent (Annex 3).

### Projections and scenarios (2010–2012)
- Baseline forecasted GDP growth: 2010 5.0 percent; 2011 6.5 percent; 2012 7.0 percent.
- Growth of per capita GDP in 2012 will be 19.5 percent compared to 2007.
- Poverty rate projection: decline by 7.9 percent compared to 2009 and reach 41.4 percent in 2012 (Annex 3).
- Impact ratio: previous PRS shows impact of increased GDP per capita on reduction of absolute poverty is 1.5 times ratio.
- Absolute poverty projection: 11.3 percent in 2012 (reduced by 5.8 percent compared to 17.1 percent in 2007).

Optimistic (high-growth) scenario (2009→2012)
- Real GDP increases (from 2009): 6.0 percent (2009→2010); 7.5 percent (2009→2011); 8.5 percent (2009→2012).
- Official forecast adjustment: 1 percent higher in 2010 and 2011, and 1.5 percent higher in 2012.
- Poverty rate path: 53.5 percent (2007); 49.3 percent (2009); 47.0 percent (2010); 43.4 percent (2011); 38.9 percent (2012).
- Five-year outcome (2008–2012): poverty may decline by 14.6 percent to reach 38.9 percent in 2012.
- Absolute poverty: may decline by 7.0 percent to reach 10.1 percent in 2012.

Best-case scenario (2010–2012)
- Real GDP growth (compared to 2009): 3.5 percent (2010); 5.0 percent (2011); 6.0 percent (2012).
- Poverty rate path: 53.5 percent (2007); 49.5 percent (2009); 48.6 percent (2010); 46.7 percent (2011); 44.1 percent (2012).
- Five-year outcome: poverty may decline by 9.4 percent to 44.1 percent in 2012.
- Absolute poverty: may decline by 4.5 percent to 12.6 percent in 2012.

### Macroeconomic performance, crisis impact and anti-crisis measures
- Pre-crisis (2006–2008):
  - real GDP increased almost by 25 percent; average annual growth over 7.5 percent.
  - remittances in 2008: 52 percent of the GDP.
  - annual inflation: 20.4 percent in 2008.
- Early 2009 crisis effects:
  - foreign trade turnover dropped by 23.6 percent year-on-year;
  - exports decreased by 28.3 percent; imports by 21.5 percent;
  - remittances decreased by 31.4 percent.
- 2009 outcomes:
  - nominal GDP 2009: TJS 20 622.8 million; real sector development 103.4 percent over 2008;
  - per capita GDP 2009: TJS 2,760 (15.5 percent higher than 2008);
  - overall State budget revenue 2009: TJS 5 541.2 million (99.7 percent of envisaged; 26.9 percent of GDP);
  - inflation in consumption sector 2009: 5 percent.
- Anti-crisis support and financing:
  - coordinated donor support approved in 2009: US$ 154 million.
  - IMF three-year agreement (2009–2011) for US$ 116 million (including US$ 70 million for 2009); IMF will allocate additional US$ 100 million to support anti-crisis measures.
- Monetary policy stance for 2010:
  - NBT primary goal: maintain price stability (one-digit inflation); limit exchange interventions; stop providing loans to private sector to promote banks’ solvency.

### Public administration reform — problems, tasks and implementation requirements
- Key problems identified:
  - ineffective national development management (insufficient coordination);
  - excessive State involvement in economic activity;
  - ineffective government financial management and fragmentation of State investment expenditures;
  - ineffective HR management and low motivation among public employees; duplication of functions across levels; poor quality and accessibility of public services; weak local self-government.
- Tasks and measures (selected):
  - design coordination mechanisms for development priorities at national/sectoral/territorial levels;
  - transition from direct state intervention to indirect regulation; coordinate strategies and investment programmes with the budget process;
  - strengthen civil service capacities: modernize HR management; separate political/administrative positions; reinforce incentives;
  - clearly allocate functions and authorities among government levels and local self-government; introduce flexible financing and management of service delivery.
- Implementation requirements:
  - identify responsible agency; involve all participants and social partners; perform cost-benefit analysis; use selective international experience.
- Planned outcome (2010–2012): enable strategic and tactical decisions to form an effective national development management system ensuring vertical and horizontal interconnections among executive bodies.

### Functional block: investment climate, private sector, trade facilitation and regional integration
- Findings and constraints:
  - private sector contribution to GDP 2009: 46.0 percent (42.6 percent in 2007).
  - number of registered businesses increased by 25 percent in 2009 vs 2005 (18.4 percent in 2007; 19 percent in 2008).
  - export/import procedures: time for exports increased from 72 days in 2006 to 82 days in 2009; import procedures from 44 days in 2006 to 83 days in 2009.
  - availability of bank credit limited; bank loan interest rates 24–30 percent per annum.
  - Tajikistan has approximately 1.4 small enterprises per 1,000 people (comparators: Russian Federation six; EU at least 30).
- Key tasks 2010–2012:
  - implement structural reforms; establish single legal procedure for attracting investments and providing guarantees/privileges; coordinate attraction/use of foreign aid; establish single investor database; reduce administrative barriers; state support for business and investments.
- Targets:
  - private sector contribution to GDP to increase to 66 percent by end-2012 (compared to 44.5 percent in 2008);
  - improve Tajikistan’s international Doing Business rating by 40 points.

### Infrastructure, transport, communications — achievements and targets
- Achievements 2007–2009:
  - Shar-Shar tunnel and River Panj bridge completed;
  - 1,083.5 km new good roads constructed; 697.1 km rehabilitated and commissioned;
  - digital exchanges commissioned; renovated telephone network proportion up to 95 percent in RRS.
- Planned and expected infrastructure by 2012:
  - 1,632.6 km roads reconstructed/newly constructed; 15 km tunnels; more than 100 bridges reconstructed/new;
  - Dushanbe Airport new terminal passenger capacity 500 passengers/hour anticipated commissioned by 9 September 2011.
- Transport targets in Sectoral Activity Matrix (2010–2012):
  - increase freight turnover by 12.6 percent; increase passenger turnover by 4.7 percent; increase communications sector contribution to GDP to 38 percent.

### Energy sector — projects, targets and financing highlights
- National electricity need: 3–3.5 billion kWt/h.
- Completed/ongoing key projects:
  - Sangtuda-1 HPP: 670 mWt capacity; completed and commissioned; generates 2.7 billion kWh annually.
  - Sangtuda-2 HPP: 220 mWt (Iran FDI).
  - South-North high-voltage transmission line: 500 kWt (China privileged loan).
  - Long-term programme to build small HPPs (2007–2020): 100 small HPPs by 2012; total cost US$ 125.1 million; expected generation 480.6 million kWt/year.
  - Roghun HPP: project capacity 3,600 mWt; full project production 13.1 billion kWt per year when at full capacity.
  - Dushanbe-2 Electricity and Heating Centre: planned capacity 270 mWt.
- Energy-sector targets:
  - expand average daily availability of electricity from 16 hours to 24 hours for all consumers;
  - reduce quasi-fiscal deficit from 20.5 to 5 percent;
  - introduce concrete schedule for delivery of gas, electricity and heating.
- Major investment financing lines (Annex excerpts):
  - Development of energy: 3,501.6 m; other line items and consolidated totals preserved in Annex tables.

### Industry and processing
- Sectoral programmes: full processing of cotton fibre, leather and wool, production of ready-made aluminium products through 2015.
- Outcomes reported:
  - industry production increased by 25.6 percent during the period;
  - industry export increased by 18 percent.
- Policy measures: eliminate barriers to free exchange of primary aluminium; establish fund for innovative export development; promote FDI into processing and mining; create enterprises with integrated production cycles.

### Agriculture, land reform and food security
- Key sectoral programmes:
  - Governmental Decree No. 658 of 31 December 2008: Agricultural Policy;
  - Decree No. 72 of 2 February 2009: Food Security Programme until 2015.
- Constraints: limited access to credits, technology and markets; underdeveloped agricultural infrastructure; degraded land; debts in cotton sector.
- Medium-term tasks (2010–2012):
  - increase efficiency across agricultural sectors; promote rural entrepreneurship; improve cotton sector efficiency; guarantee secure land use rights; rehabilitate agricultural and water infrastructure; guarantee proper nutrition.
- Quantified expected outcomes by 2012 (vs 2008):
  - boost gross agricultural output by 18.1 percent;
  - increase labour productivity by 12.0 percent.

### Education — coverage, financing reform and targets
- Enrollment and access:
  - general secondary education coverage up to 98 percent for PRS-2 period;
  - enrollment in primary and basic secondary education 97 percent in 2008 (from 96.6 percent in 2007);
  - overall enrolment in school education reached 98 percent in 2008 (9.6 percent higher than in 2005).
- Financing mechanism indicators:
  - proportion of schools with per capita financing: 10 percent (2005); 15.5 percent (2007); 30 percent (2008).
  - proportion of expenditure on secondary education against total education expenditure: 79.3 percent (2007) and 76 percent (2008).
- Targets from PRS:
  - bring basic secondary school attendance rate up to 91 percent among children aged 7–15;
  - increase percentage of girls among total number of children attending school to 50 percent.
- Education financing and action matrix totals (Annex excerpts):
  - Section total for education measures: Total 231,586,00068,275,00039,573,000130,748,000.

### Healthcare — financing trends, reform measures and targets
- Government health expenditure: fell from 4.5 percent of GDP in 1991 to 1.9 percent in 2009.
- Primary healthcare share of total healthcare expenditure:
  - 25 percent (2005); 34 percent (2007); 16 percent (2008).
  - Government plan target: increase to 40 percent during PRS period.
- Health outcomes (selected):
  - child mortality under five: 53 per 1,000 in 2008 (63 per 1,000 in 2007);
  - mortality of newborns: 46 per 1,000 in 2008 (58.4 in 2007);
  - maternal mortality: 120 people per 100,000 babies in 2008.
- Health targets in Annex:
  - reduce under-5 mortality to 37 per 1,000; under-1 mortality to 35 per 1,000; maternal mortality to 60 per 100,000.
- Financing and programme totals:
  - Development of the healthcare system: 325.6m (Annex); aggregated financing summary for health section: Total 325,700,000104,068,500.

### Social welfare, labour market and pensions
- Social insurance and employment:
  - coverage by state social insurance in 2008: some 40 percent of the able-bodied population (43.9 percent in 2007; 33 percent in 2005).
  - number of employed people increased by 5.8 percent in 2008 compared to 2005.
- Social assistance per capita:
  - TJS 52.5 in 2008 (TJS 40 in 2007), which is TJS 40.5 more per capita than in 2005.
- PRS social welfare medium-term outcomes (2010–2012):
  - strengthen regulatory, legal and financial bases; increase wages, pensions and social benefits; expand modern social service delivery; reduce unemployment and increase labour market competitiveness; reduce poverty by 10 percent.
- Pension/social insurance reform measures (Annex):
  - automation of insured pensions and social benefits; development/adoption of laws on state social insurance, pension insurance and individual accounts; Total funds needed example: 10,000,000; other lines preserved as in source.

### Water, sanitation, housing, municipal services and environment
- Baseline and targets:
  - 87 percent of urban population and 20 percent rural receive water from centralized systems that do not meet drinking standards.
  - Targets by end-2012: access to drinking water meeting Government standards to 96 percent of urban population and 51 percent of rural; basic sanitation and hygiene services to 47 percent urban and 37 percent rural.
- Results in 2008:
  - 90 percent urban provided with drinking water meeting Government standards (decrease by 3 percent vs 2005);
  - 47 percent rural provided with drinking water meeting standards in 2008 (decrease by 2 percent vs 2005);
  - 94.8 percent urban provided with basic sanitation and hygiene services in 2008 (increase of 74.8 percent vs 2005 — 20 percent).
- Environmental sustainability and action plans (A–G) with tasks to 2012:
  - Waste management: inventory tailing ponds; introduce non-waste technology; rehabilitate toxic tailing ponds.
  - Air quality: harmonize laws; monitoring systems.
  - Water resources: single regulatory documentation; rehabilitate drainage; water-efficient irrigation.
  - Land management: combat desertification; rehabilitate degraded pastures.
  - Mountain ecosystem: apply alternative energy; rehabilitate monitoring; promote ecotourism.
  - Climate change: strengthen Centre for Climate Change Studies; develop adaptation norms.
  - Natural disaster prevention: planting trees; strengthen river banks.
- Key figures cited on environmental damage:
  - UNDP estimate: natural disasters cause US$ 600 million damage to Tajikistan annually.
  - Natural destruction represents 4.8 percent of the GDP.

### Gender equality — status, tasks, and financing
- Tajikistan’s Development Index based on Gender Equality:
  - 2005: 91st place; 2006: 90th place; 2007: 90th place; 2008: 106th place.
- Identified constraints: underdeveloped legislative base; lack of institutional mechanisms; inadequate budget funding; lack of monitoring models; low legal awareness among women; societal tolerance of violence.
- PRS gender matrix tasks (2010–2012):
  - Task 1: Improve institutional basis — legal amendments, inter-agency coordination body, “soft” quotas, capacity building.
  - Task 2: Expand women’s access to resources — training centres, expert reviews of curricula, quotas for young women from remote regions.
  - Task 3: Reduce violence — public information, raise gender awareness among law enforcement, establish National Analytical Centre under MIA.
- Financing examples:
  - State Programme “Training, selection and placement of managerial personnel … women and girls” 2007–2016 financed from State budget.
  - Decree on Presidential grants to develop women’s entrepreneurship 2008–2010; TJS 1 million allocated every year; 2009 financing doubled for Committee for Family and Women Affairs.
- Annex gender finance lines and totals preserved (selected): Promotion of gender equality total lines and project budgets as presented.

### PRS costs, financing gaps and major fiscal aggregates
- Macro scenario assumptions:
  - GDP real growth rates: 2009 3.4; 2010 5.0; 2011 6.5; 2012 7.0.
  - Average annual inflation: 2009 5.0; 2010–2012 7.0.
  - Major indicators (selected):
    - GDP (TJS million): 2009 20,622.8; 2010 24,500.0; 2011 29,400.0; 2012 35,280.0
    - GDP per capita (TJS): 2009 2,759.3; 2010 3,217.0; 2011 3,778.2; 2012 4,439.0
    - Export of products and services against the GDP (%): 2009 28.3; 2010 26.7; 2011 30.5; 2012 33.1
    - Import of products and services against the GDP (%): 2009 53.5; 2010 58.8; 2011 66.6; 2012 60.2
    - Total investments in the statutory capital against the GDP (%): 2009 18.1; 2010 18.4; 2011 17.0; 2012 17.5
    - State Budget Revenue against the GDP (%): 2009 26.9; 2010 26.7; 2011 26.8; 2012 26.1
    - Profit/deficit of state budget (excluding SIP) (%): 2009 -0.4; 2010 -1.0; 2011 -0.5; 2012 -0.5
    - Government external debt against the GDP (%): 2009 35.0; 2010 38.1; 2011 38.0; 2012 32.3
    - Repayment of the external debt against the GDP (%): 2009 0.5; 2010 20.5; 2011 70.49; 2012 0.41
- PRS total cost and financing:
  - Total cost of PRS programme: US$ 10,976.9 million, including US$ 1,914.1 million of external privileged loans and grants.
  - Funds approved at time of document: US$ 2,875.5 million, including US$ 935.8 million out of budget funds, US$ 1,139.7 million out of SIP, US$ 800.0 million out of FDI.
  - Financial needs not yet allocated: US$ 8,242.5 million.
  - Plans to attract US$ 774.5 million of privileged external aid within SIP and US$ 7,153.1 million within FDI to cover the gap; additional needs are 65.2 percent of total programme amount.
  - Medium-Term Budget Programme (MTBF) expected for 2010–2012: US$ 820 million annually, 5.1 percent of GDP (1.5 percent of overall PRS programme cost).
- PRS financing modality: primary sources State budget, foreign aid and FDIs; state budget to provide bulk of funding; SIP and CIP harmonized with PRS priorities.

### Monitoring, evaluation and institutional arrangements (MES)
- Legal basis: Decree No. 216 of 2 May 2008 “On monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of medium-term poverty reduction strategies in the Republic of Tajikistan”.
- Institutional roles:
  - National Development Council (NDC) under President (Presidential Decree No. 355 of 19 December 2007).
  - Ministry of Economic Development and Trade appointed responsible authority for MES by Decree No. 216 of 2 May 2008.
  - Ministries, departments and agencies to establish sectoral monitoring units; local governments responsible for regional data collection; Parliament (Lower Assembly) to consider annual PRS implementation reports.
  - Civil society: participation in dissemination, monitoring, perception data and independent studies.
- MES principles: independence of evaluation; transparency and accountability; focus on results; annual indicator updates at minimum; statistical capacities to be reinforced with donor support.
- Financing for MES: appropriate funding through the state budget; donor funds for investments in human and organizational capacities of MES; donor support for civil society monitoring capacity.

### Key lessons learned from PRS 2007–2009 and PRS 2010–2012 adjustments
- Lessons:
  - monitoring units need establishment across ministries, agencies and local authorities;
  - prior PRS lacked clear mechanisms for harmonising measures with rapidly changing conditions like the global crisis;
  - some measures were not coordinated with financial resources or were sector-specific.
- Adjustments for PRS 2010–2012:
  - strengthen coordination between ministries, agencies and local authorities in monitoring;
  - reduce number of strategic measures by half compared to previous PRS to enhance implementability and monitoring.

Italic: Source: PRS of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012 — Chapter 1 (Introduction) and Sections/Annexes as presented in the supplied content (_cr10104_).

### 1. Introduction

### 1. Introduction

### Purpose and scope
- This publication, the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012, aims to serve as a medium-term programme for the implementation of the National Development Strategy (NDS) up to 2015.
- The PRS determines major socio-economic development priorities for 2010–2012, taking into account the impact of the global economic and financial crisis.
- The PRS indicates concrete actions for institutional and economic reforms to promote strong and sustainable economic growth and to improve the scope and quality of social services aimed at mitigating the burden of poverty.

### Relationship to the National Development Strategy (NDS)
- The PRS is based on NDS goals and priorities: public administration reform, development of the private sector, attraction of investment, and development of human potential.
- Activities under the PRS for 2010–2012 are focused on 12 sectors provisionally combined into three blocks:
  - Functional Block (establishment of general conditions for development): public administration reform; macro-economic development; improvement of the investment climate; development of the private sector and entrepreneurship; regional cooperation and integration into the global economy.
  - Production Block (promotion of sustainable economic growth): food security and development of the agricultural sector; development of infrastructure, energy and industry.
  - Social Block (development of human potential): development of the educational system and science; development of the healthcare system; improvement of social welfare; expansion of access to water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services; promotion of environmental sustainability; promotion of gender equality.

### Features, implementation design and monitoring
- Gender equality, environmental protection and adaptation to climate change are cross-cutting and included in individual sectors and other sections as specific measures.
- The PRS reduces the number of concrete sectoral measures to national-level implementable priorities to facilitate full implementation and monitoring.
- A monitoring mechanism is envisaged through an annual review and harmonization of strategic measures with current economic and social development.
- The PRS is formulated as a list of concrete actions with a clearly established timetable for implementation, responsible parties and sources of financing; quantitative and qualitative indicators and the timetable for monitoring and evaluation are identified.
- The PRS is a tool to facilitate dialogue among the Government, the business community, NGOs, resident missions of international organizations and foreign donor countries.

### Results of implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy for 2007–2009 (overview)
- The PRS for 2010–2012 takes into account results from implementation of the PRS for 2007–2009 and the Government’s anti-crisis measures.
- Analyses show poverty declined every year as a result of implemented socio-economic strategies and programmes.

### Tajikistan Living Standards Survey 2007 — poverty results (international poverty line US$ 2.15/day and basic household needs)
- Survey methods: (i) international standards of poverty (US$ 2.15/day, purchasing power parity), and (ii) value of basic household needs (consumption per capita as welfare unit).
- International-standard results (poverty rate declines from 2003 to 2007):
  - Total (2003): Population 6,667,510; No. of poor persons 4,233,341; Percentage of poor persons (%) 63.5
  - Urban areas (2003): Population 1,804,290; No. of poor persons 1,066,293; Percentage of poor persons (%) 59.1
  - Rural areas (2003): Population 4,863,220; No. of poor persons 3,167,048; Percentage of poor persons (%) 65.1
  - Total (2007): Population 7,061,429; No. of poor persons 2,886,561; Percentage of poor persons (%) 40.9
  - Urban areas (2007): Population 1,856,865; No. of poor persons 747,778; Percentage of poor persons (%) 40.3
  - Rural areas (2007): Population 5,204,564; No. of poor persons 2,138,783; Percentage of poor persons (%) 41.1

- Basic household needs (absolute poverty) results (poverty rate declines from 2003 to 2007):
  - Total (2003): Population 6,667,510; No. of poor persons 4,830,408; Percentage of poor persons (%) 72.4
  - Urban areas (2003): Population 1,804,290; No. of poor persons 1,241,352; Percentage of poor persons (%) 68.8
  - Rural areas (2003): Population 4,863,220; No. of poor persons 3,589,056; Percentage of poor persons (%) 73.8
  - Total (2007): Population 7,061,429; No. of poor persons 3,779,802; Percentage of poor persons (%) 53.5
  - Urban areas (2007): Population 1,856,865; No. of poor persons 917,291; Percentage of poor persons (%) 49.4
  - Rural areas (2007): Population 5,204,564; No. of poor persons 2,862,510; Percentage of poor persons (%) 55,0

- Additional poverty details (2007):
  - Overall poverty (basic needs): 53.5 percent of the population was poor in 2007.
  - Of the population, 17.1 percent were in absolute poverty.
  - One third of the poor were in absolute poverty in terms of food.
  - Difference in poverty rates between urban and rural areas (basic needs): urban 49.4 percent; rural 55 percent; difference 5.6 percent.
  - Absolute poverty rate in urban areas 18.9 percent; in rural areas 16.4 percent.
- Provincial/regional disparities: although there is no major national-level discrepancy between urban and rural totals, significant variation exists at the provincial and regional levels.

### Poverty dynamics and growth elasticity
- Calculations indicate GDP growth of 1 percent on a per capita basis will lead to reduction of the general indicator of poverty by 0.62 percent.
- The poverty rate was 53.5 percent in 2007.
- Taking into account that the GDP per capita growth was 6.7 percent in 2009 compared to 2007, the poverty rate was reduced by 4.2 percent and was equal to 49.3 percent (Annex 3).

### Selected results of PRS 2007–2009 implementation (public administration, macroeconomic outcomes, and business climate)
- Public administration reform:
  - Presidential Decree No. 355 of 19 December 2007 established the National Development Council under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
  - Governmental Decree No. 216 of 2 May 2008, “On monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of medium-term poverty reduction strategies in the Republic of Tajikistan,” was adopted.
  - Law No. 233 adopted on 5 March 2007, “On the civil service,” aimed to strengthen civil service capacities.
  - Presidential Decree No. 480 of 20 June 2008 and Presidential Decree No. 671 of 20 June 2009 increased official salaries, pensions and stipends for state-financed organizations and social sector institutions.

- Macroeconomic indicators and public finances:
  - Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP reached 17.7 percent in 2009 (17.9 percent in 2007).
  - Tax revenue was 1.1 percent higher than in 2005 (1.3 percent in 2007 compared to 2005).
  - State budget revenue (overall revenue and grants) against GDP reached 20.2 percent in 2009 (19.2 percent in 2007), increased by 2.2 percent compared to 2005 (1.2 percent in 2007).
  - State budget expenditures against the GDP reached 17.5 percent in 2008 (18 percent in 2007), which is 0.7 percent less than in 2005 (0.2 percent in 2007).

- Investment climate, private sector and entrepreneurship:
  - Regulation “On the procedure of the official registration of security agreements” was approved to simplify security-related procedures.
  - Law No. 508 of 19 May 2009, “On the official registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs,” came into force on 1 July 2009.
  - “The Programme on the Improvement of the Business Climate – 200 Days of Reform” was adopted by Government Resolution No. 386 on 2 July 2009.
  - The number of registered businesses increased by 25 percent in 2009 compared to 2005 (18.4 percent in 2007, and 19 percent in 2008).
  - Contribution of the private sector to the GDP accounted for 46.0 percent in 2009 (42.6 percent in 2007).
  - Law on bankruptcy amendments adopted in 2009; Law No. 505 of 26 March 2009 introduced a moratorium on inspection of small- and medium-sized enterprises.
  - Measures to eliminate administrative barriers to export and import of goods: Governmental Decree No. 487 of 1 October 2008, and Governmental Decree No. 498 of 1 October 2008 amended Governmental Decree No. 397 of 2 October 2002.
  - Decree No.103 of 5 March 2008 initiated establishment of free economic zones; Decree No. 227 of 2 May 2008 established free economic zones of Panji poyon and Soughd.
  - Resolutions Decree No. 1146 and Decree No. 1147 approved Regulations (by-laws) of the Free Economic Zone of Soughd and Panj, respectively.

- Foreign trade indicator (partial sentence in source):
  - “Tajiskistan’s foreign trade turnover against the GDP in 2009 reached 71.9 percent (compared to”

*Source: PRS of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012 — Chapter 1 (Introduction) and Section 2 (Results of implementation of the PRS for 2007–2009).*

### 107.9 percent in 2007), i.e. it decreased by 24.9 percent compared to 2005 (in 2007, it increased by 4

### Poverty Reduction Strategy 2007–2009 Implementation and PRS 2010–2012 Goals

### Infrastructure, energy, and industry — outcomes and measures
- Infrastructure, energy and industry development promoted national economic growth and helped establish the material basis for reducing the poverty rate.
- Sectoral programmes and indicators for 2007–2009 were implemented to support PRS goals and priorities.

### Transportation and communications — actions and impacts
- Transportation system rehabilitation and construction:
  - Shar-Shar tunnel and a bridge on the River Panj were completed.
  - 1,083.5 km of new good roads were constructed.
  - 697.1 km of roads were rehabilitated and commissioned.
- Institutional and market reforms:
  - Liberalization measures in aviation and railroad sectors.
  - First stage of strategic plan to restructure State Unitary Aviation Enterprise (SUAE) Tajik Air implemented.
  - New freight wagons purchased from internal funds for the Tajik Railroad Company.
  - Association of International Trucking Carriers granted independent status.
  - State Unitary Enterprise Ekspeditsiyai Naqliyoti (Transport Expedition) established.
- Communications sector:
  - New digital exchanges commissioned.
  - “Transportation Network” investment project (installation of pylon columns) completed.
  - Network access to rural areas in Regions of Republican Subordination (RRS) established, increasing the proportion of renovated telephone network up to 95 percent.
- Achieved improvements:
  - Reduced cost of domestic and foreign shipments.
  - Improved volume and quality of freight shipment and passenger delivery.
  - Reinforced material and technical conditions of trains, highways and railroads.
  - Improved transit conditions, reduced expenditures for services including security, communications, Internet and mobile access.

### Energy — projects and results
- Sangtuda-1 hydropower plant:
  - 670 mWt capacity Sangtuda-1 HPP completed and commissioned.
  - Generates 2.7 billion kWh of electricity annually.
- Small HPPs:
  - Long-term programme for 2007–2020 implemented; 50 small HPPs constructed and commissioned to date.
- Metering and transmission:
  - US$ 4.1 million project (with World Bank assistance) to convert induction-motor meters in Dushanbe City to electronic meters implemented.
  - Electricity transmission lines constructed and commissioned, increasing proportion of electricity consumers by 1.9 percent.
- Energy saving:
  - Widespread introduction of energy-saving facilities and modern energy-saving bulbs resulted in a five-fold reduction in expenditures for lighting and increased lifespan of the bulbs by 8–10 times.
- Coal and fuels:
  - Underground processing and drilling increased coal production by 73 percent, creating new jobs.

### Industry and processing — policies and outcomes
- Policy and decrees for processing sectors:
  - Governmental Decree No. 392 of 3 August 2007: “On the Programme for full processing of cotton fibre produced in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015”.
  - Governmental Decree No. 663 of 29 December 2008: “On the Programme for full processing of leather and wool in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015”.
  - Governmental Decree No. 648 of 30 December 2007: “Programme for processing and production of ready-made products of primary aluminium for 2007–2015”.
- Industrial outcomes:
  - Industry production increased by 25.6 percent during the period.
  - Industry export increased by 18 percent during the period.

### Agriculture and land — programmes and investments
- Agricultural policy and food security:
  - Governmental Decree No. 658 of 31 December 2008: “On the approval of the Agricultural Policy of the Republic of Tajikistan”.
  - Governmental Decree No. 72 of 2 February 2009: “The Food Security Programme of the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015”.
- Land reform and reclamation:
  - Public education on farm reform conducted in 29 farms in towns and districts under reform.
  - In 2009, around TJS 4,912,000 allocated for land reclamation, soil quality improvement, and reducing wind erosion and desertification.
  - 8,774 ha of land reclaimed.

### Education — coverage and financing
- Enrollment and access:
  - Increased enrollment of girls and boys in general secondary education up to 98 percent for the PRS-2 period.
  - Enrollment of children in primary and basic secondary education reached 97 percent in 2008 (from 96.6 percent in 2007).
  - Overall enrolment in school education reached 98 percent in 2008, which is 9.6 percent higher than in 2005.
- School construction:
  - In 2008 there were 149 newly constructed schools, 83 schools more than in 2005 (66 schools).
- Financing mechanisms:
  - Proportion of schools with per capita financing: 10 percent in 2005; 15.5 percent in 2007; 30 percent in 2008.
  - Proportion of expenditure on secondary education against total education expenditure: 79.3 percent in 2007 and 76 percent in 2008 (3.3 percent less than in 2007).

### Healthcare — spending and health outcomes
- Primary healthcare expenditure share of total healthcare expenditure:
  - 25 percent in 2005;
  - 34 percent in 2007;
  - 16 percent in 2008.
  - Government plan target: increase to 40 percent during the PRS period.
- Child and maternal mortality:
  - Mortality rate of children under five: 53 per 1,000 in 2008 (63 per 1,000 in 2007).
  - Mortality rate of newborns: 46 per 1,000 in 2008 (58.4 in 2007).
  - Maternal mortality: 120 people per 100,000 babies in 2008.

### Social welfare — coverage and indicators
- Social insurance and employment:
  - Volume of non-insurance payments from State social insurance in 2008: 7.1 percent (2007), decreased by 19.9 percent compared to 2005 (27 percent).
  - Coverage by state social insurance in 2008: some 40 percent of the able-bodied population (43.9 percent in 2007), increased by 7 percent compared to 2005 (33 percent).
  - Number of employed people increased by 5.8 percent in 2008 compared to 2005.
- Social assistance and services:
  - Social assistance provided in 2008: TJS 52.5 per capita (TJS 40 in 2007), which is TJS 40.5 more per capita than in 2005.
  - Number of social services centres in 2008: 6 centres (two more than in 2005).
- Poverty reduction achievements:
  - Poverty rate decreased from 72.4 percent in 2003 to 53.5 percent in 2007.
  - Absolute poverty rate decreased from 41.5 percent in 2003 to 17.1 percent in 2007.

### Water supply, sanitation, housing and municipal services
- Targets:
  - Provide 96 percent of the urban population and 51 percent of the rural population with drinking water meeting Government standards.
  - Provide 47 percent of the urban population and 37 percent of the rural population with basic sanitation and hygiene services.
- Results in 2008:
  - 90 percent of the urban population provided with drinking water meeting Government standards (decreased by 3 percent compared to 2005 — 93 percent).
  - 47 percent of the rural population provided with drinking water meeting Government standards in 2008 (decreased by 2 percent compared to 2005 — 49 percent).
  - 94.8 percent of the urban population provided with basic sanitation and hygiene services in 2008 (increase of 74.8 percent compared to 2005 — 20 percent).
  - State budget expenditure on water supply, sanitation and housing, and municipal services: 1.5 percent of the GDP in 2008 (an increase of 0.4 percent compared to 2005 — 1.1 percent of the GDP).
  - Planned indicator for 2009: 75 percent.

### Gender equality — indicator and trend
- Tajikistan’s Development Index based on Gender Equality factor:
  - 2005: 91st place.
  - 2006: 90th place.
  - 2007: 90th place.
  - 2008: 106th place.
- The documented trend shows a decreasing position over the last three years when comparing 2005–2007 to 2008.

### Lessons learned from PRS 2007–2009 implementation
- Key lessons included:
  - The establishment of monitoring units on PRS implementation in ministries, agencies and local authorities consistent with its goals and activities should be completed.
  - PRS did not envisage clear mechanisms for harmonization of measures on impact factors and rapidly changing conditions, such as global financial and economic crises.
  - Some implemented measures were not coordinated with financial resources, and others were sector-specific.
- Actions taken for PRS 2010–2012 in response to lessons:
  - Adjustment to the monitoring mechanism for PRS implementation for 2010–2012 to strengthen coordination between ministries, agencies and local authorities.
  - Measures for implementing Strategy objectives were clearly identified and their number reduced by half compared to the previous PRS.

### Goals and key directions of the PRS policy for 2010–2012
- Nature and purpose:
  - PRS is a three-year medium-term programme developed within the framework of the NDS to implement economic policy measures aimed at reducing the impact of the global financial crisis and to serve as the basis for sectoral and regional strategies.
- Poverty characterization and policy focus:
  - Poverty determined by low income to satisfy minimum needs and limited access to services in education, healthcare, security, and public participation.
  - PRS aims at redistribution of national revenue and sustainable economic development to provide jobs, access to vital services, social insurance, and improved social standing for the poor.
  - PRS goals are aligned with the MDGs and the NDS and consistent with PRS 2007–2009.
- Main goal:
  - Promote dynamic economic growth, improve quality of living standards (especially for socially vulnerable segments), and strengthen human potential.
- Indicators and harmonization:
  - PRS is based on major indicators outlining welfare development during implementation; targeted indicators for poverty reduction are outlined in Table 2 (in source).
  - Sectoral and regional programmes must be harmonized with PRS to promote achievement of 2010–2012 goals.
- Contextual constraints:
  - External factors: lack of access to sea, great distances to markets of high-income countries, regional instability, threat of drug trafficking and terrorism.
  - Internal factors: low competitiveness, high demographic rate, degradation of human and physical capital inherited from former Soviet period.
  - PRS measures intended to create basis for achieving NDS goals; donor organizations expected to include amendments to their programmes considering NDS/PRS.
- Governance principles:
  - PRS aimed at openness, transparency and accountability of state policy and strengthening democracy; basis for Government–civil society cooperation, reinforced monitoring and resource distribution.
  - Budget expenditures to be harmonized with PRS through medium-term budget programmes, annual state budget and state investment programmes.
- Main policy directions for 2010–2012 (summary):
  - Improvement of public administration to increase transparency, accountability and effectiveness; fight corruption; create favourable macro-economic, institutional, regulatory and legal environment.
  - Promotion of sustainable economic growth and diversification via private sector development and investment attraction, particularly in energy, transportation infrastructure and the cotton sector; expand economic freedom, strengthen ownership rights, and develop government–private cooperation.
  - Development of human potential by increasing accessibility and quality of social services for the poor, promoting active participation in development and boosting social partnerships.
- Expected outcomes:
  - Concentration of Government and societal efforts to ensure effective use of internal resources and foreign aid, develop all population segments and reduce poverty.
  - Further measures planned to achieve systematic change, resolve demographic problems, ensure sustainable environmental development, gender equality, and improved rights and opportunities of women.

*Source: IMF staff summary of PRS 2007–2009 implementation and PRS 2010–2012 goals and key directions as presented in the supplied content.*

### 11.  According  to  national  social  and  economic  development  indicators  for  2010  and  the  main

### _cr10104 - 11.  According  to  national  social  and  economic  development  indicators  for  2010  and  the  main

### GDP and poverty projections (2010–2012)
- Forecasted GDP growth: 5.0 percent, 6.5 percent and 7.0 percent, respectively.
- Growth of per capita GDP in 2012 will be 19.5 percent compared to 2007.
- Poverty rate in 2010–2012 will decline by 7.9 percent compared to 2009 and will be 41.4 percent in 2012 (Annex 3).
- Impact ratio: the implementation of the previous PRS shows that the impact of increased GDP per capita on the reduction of absolute poverty is 1.5 times ratio.
- Absolute poverty projections: reduced by 5.8 percent compared to 17.1 percent in 2007, reaching 11.3 percent in 2012.

### Optimistic (high-growth) scenario (2009→2012)
- Real GDP increases (from 2009): 6.0 percent (2009→2010); 7.5 percent (2009→2011); 8.5 percent (2009→2012).
- Official forecast adjustment: this will be 1 percent higher both in 2010 and 2011, and 1.5 percent higher in 2012.
- Poverty rate path: 53.5 percent in 2007; 49.3 percent in 2009; 47.0 percent in 2010; 43.4 percent in 2011; 38.9 percent in 2012.
- Five-year (2008–2012) outcome: poverty rate may decline by 14.6 percent and reach 38.9 percent in 2012.
- Absolute poverty in same period: may decline by 7.0 percent compared to 2007 and reach 10.1 percent in 2012.

### Best-case scenario (2010–2012)
- Real GDP growth (compared to 2009): 3.5 percent in 2010; 5.0 percent in 2011; 6.0 percent in 2012.
- Poverty rate path: 53.5 percent in 2007; 49.5 percent in 2009; 48.6 percent in 2010; 46.7 percent in 2011; 44.1 percent in 2012.
- Five-year outcome: poverty rate may decline by 9.4 percent during the five years, reaching 44.1 percent in 2012.
- Absolute poverty outcome: may decline by 4.5 percent compared to 2007 and may reach 12.6 percent in 2012.

### Functional block objective: Establishment of general conditions for development
- Focus areas: public administration reform; macro-economic development; improvement of the investment climate; development of the private sector and entrepreneurship; regional cooperation and integration into the global economy.
- Purpose: establish general institutional conditions to stimulate economic growth and improve scope and quality of social services provided to the poor.
- Rationale: joint planning of sectoral priorities and activities reduces interdepartmental disagreements and enhances effectiveness, coordination and targeting.

### Public Administration Reform — context and priorities
- Foundational legal acts referenced: Presidential Decree No. 1713 of 15 March 2006; Decree No. 541 of 16 September 2008; Decree No. 582 of 31 December 2008.
- Stated priority areas (from Strategy for Reform of the Public Administration System):
  - improvement of the effectiveness of the national development management;
  - improvement of the system of public administration according to the principles of the market-based economy;
  - improvement of the effectiveness of government financial management;
  - establishment of the modern professional civil service;
  - improvement of administrative and territorial management.
- Government assessment: measures undertaken to align public administration with democratic principles and market economy requirements; effective institutional reforms not keeping pace with rapidly changing economic situation.
- Key problems identified:
  - ineffective system for managing national development processes (insufficient coordination; no clearly defined integration of priorities, goals and results);
  - excessive State involvement in economic activity, hindering private sector growth;
  - ineffective government financial management; State investment expenditures fragmented and not properly linked to strategic priorities;
  - ineffective human resources management and low motivation among public employees;
  - duplication of functions and overlap of authorities across government levels; poor quality and accessibility of public services; non-uniform administrative and territorial division;
  - poorly developed local self-government.
- Reform goal: increase effectiveness of central and local government by establishing a professional civil service; integrate long-term strategy with budget planning; coordinate public and private sector development; strengthen local self-government with redistribution of financial and material resources.

### Public Administration Reform — tasks, measures and implementation requirements
- Tasks and measures to be carried out by the Government:
  - design and introduce mechanisms for coordination of development priorities at national, sectoral and territorial levels;
  - closely coordinate public and private sector development for top-priority national tasks;
  - gradually withdraw from direct intervention in the economy and transition to predominantly indirect methods of state regulation;
  - coordinate strategies and investment programmes with the budget process;
  - develop state budget strategy ensuring long-term financing of strategic development initiatives;
  - improve public investment management mechanisms; expand public-private partnerships; improve coordination of development policy; create mechanisms for cooperation with foreign investors and development partners;
  - streamline distribution of budget revenue sources among government levels, taking into account redistribution of functions and financial authorities;
  - strengthen capacities and motivation of the civil service (modernize HR management; separate political and administrative positions; strengthen incentive role of wages; reinforce professional ethics and standards);
  - clearly allocate functions and authorities among government levels and local self-government, including redistribution of financial and material resources;
  - abandon traditional centralized service delivery mechanisms and introduce flexible, effective financing and management methods to improve quality and accessibility of public services;
  - regulate relations between executive government bodies and local self-government based on current legal acts;
  - improve administrative and territorial division of the country.
- Key requirements for implementation:
  - identifying an agency responsible for implementation of the reforms;
  - involving all participants and developing effective social partnership mechanisms;
  - establishing a position responsible for development of administrative and territorial management;
  - coordinating public administration reform with reforms in other sectors;
  - performing a cost-benefit analysis of the reform;
  - using a selective approach to introduce international experience.
- Planned outcome for 2010–2012: enable strategic and tactical decisions to form basis of an effective national development management system ensuring vertical and horizontal interconnections among all executive government bodies.

### Macro-economic development — recent performance and crisis impact
- Pre-crisis performance (2006–2008):
  - real GDP increased almost by 25 percent and average annual growth was over 7.5 percent during 2006–2008;
  - nominal salary increased by 2.5 times; real salary by 1.5 times; average pension increased by 3.2 times;
  - remittances: in 2008, volume of remittances increased by 1.5 times over the previous year, at 52 percent of the GDP;
  - annual inflation rate was 20.4 percent in 2008, increased by more than 70 percent over 2006 due to growth of food and fuel prices;
  - exchange rate: in 2008, exchange rate against the US dollar did not change significantly and compared to 2006 declined by 4 percent only;
  - state budget surplus in 2008 increased by 1 percent of the GDP;
  - official unemployment rate remained slightly over 2 percent; experts estimate real figure could be 9 percent, and taking into account labour migrants, it could be 25 percent.
- Early 2009 crisis effects:
  - foreign trade turnover dropped by 23.6 percent compared to the previous year;
  - exports decreased by 28.3 percent and imports by 21.5 percent;
  - remittances decreased by 31.4 percent due to decline in the economy of the Russian Federation;
  - remittances dependency: 52 percent of GDP in 2008; families with labour migrants cover about 35 percent of their expenses with remittances;
  - exchange rate pressures: highest monthly growth of the exchange rate of the US dollar was 28.6 percent (June compared to December of the last year);
  - budget revenue and financial stability negatively impacted; Parliament adopted Law on reduction of budget revenue by 9.8 percent and the revenue by 9.6 percent while social sector expenditure was fully financed.
- 2009 outcomes and measures:
  - nominal GDP in 2009 was TJS 20 622.8 million and real sector development was confirmed at 103.4 percent over 2008;
  - per capita GDP in 2009 was TJS 2,760, which was 15.5 percent higher than in 2008;
  - overall State budget revenue for 2009 was 99.7 percent of the envisaged budget at TJS 5 541.2 million, which was 26.9 percent of the GDP;
  - inflation in the consumption sector: 5 percent in 2009, less than 2.4 times that of 2008 (11.8 percent).
- Anti-crisis response:
  - Government’s short-term Plan for Additional Anti-crisis Measures adopted in April 2009 included: promotion of macro-economic stability; support of the real sector; promotion of private sector development; creation of new jobs and support of the labour market; social support of the population; improvement in the investment climate.
  - donor community approved coordinated support of US$ 154 million to the country in 2009.
  - IMF: Executive Board approved a three-year agreement (2009–2011) with the Government for US$ 116 million (including US$ 70 million allocated for 2009); IMF will allocate an additional US$ 100 million to support the Government’s anti-crisis measures.
  - budget measures: efforts to improve tax collection, including annulling tax privileges for imported goods and services; plans to fund agricultural sector through private sector rather than state budget; Cotton Debt Resolution Programme expected to increase donor assistance to commercial banks.
  - recapitalization mechanism of the National Bank of Tajikistan (NBT): state loan can temporarily increase from 40 percent of GDP, but indicator may probably be lower in the medium term.
- Monetary and banking sector stance for 2010:
  - NBT primary goal for 2010: maintain price stability (one-digit inflation) and implement the monetary programme;
  - exchange policy: NBT will not interfere except when necessary to deal with extremely unsustainable exchange rates; will limit position to implementing monetary policy and remain creditor of last resort; will stop providing loans to the private sector to promote banks’ solvency.
  - banking sector concerns: sustainability weakened by decreased export prices, reduction of remittances, inflation and uncertainty; banks increased interest rates to prevent deposit withdrawals; lending to private sector declined by approximately 5 percent in 2009; rapid increase in unserved loans in 2009.
  - policy implication: need to strengthen macro-economic standards in the banking sector; banks must implement economic standards in time and immediately strengthen capital.

*IMF staff report content as provided in the source PDF.*

### 2. Within the context of the global economic crisis, the main goal of the PRS in this sector is to

### _cr10104 - 2. Within the context of the global economic crisis, the main goal of the PRS in this sector is to

### Main goal
- Maintain macro-economic stability, increase economic development and improve the welfare of the population, particularly the poorest, through the improvement of the scope and quality of social services provided.

### Major challenges to macro-economic stability
- the lack of interconnection between the activity of the agencies in the economic sector for developing the macro-economic planning/prospects — monetary and fiscal — and the budget, which creates barriers to making better economic decisions on a timely basis;
- the poorly developed mechanisms and instruments for macro-economic regulation;
- the low effect of the financial mechanisms of the budget policy on the accelerated economic development process;
- the insufficient monetary and fiscal policy instruments and the poor development of the securities market;
- insufficient diversification of the economy and the country’s export capacity, which leads to a high level of dependency on external factors, including the negative impact of the global crisis;
- the gap between the rapidly developing labour resources and the creation of new jobs, which results in an increased external labour migration.

### PRS main goals in macro-economic development (from NDS priorities)
- 1): Improvement of the tax and budget policy;
- 2): Further improvement of the monetary and fiscal policy; and
- 3): Continued implementation of the institutional reforms.

### Measures to improve tax and budget policy (task 1)
- improvement in the budget process;
- planned implementation of the short-term Strategy for State Financial Management;
- increase of budget stability, reliability, comprehensiveness and transparency;
- improvement in the administration of tax;
- improvement of the tax administration;
- establishment of the procedures of unilateral state registration and enrolment of taxpayers by introducing the “one-stop shop” principle;
- simplification of customs procedures; and
- optimization of customs tariffs.

### Medium-term monetary policy measures (relating to task 1)
- widen the range of monetary policy instruments;
- improve the payment system;
- develop financial and currency markets;
- increase the resource base of the financial institutions;
- make credit more accessible; and
- strengthen banking supervision.
- Problems related to long-term bank loans to SMEs and to the use of the instruments of inflation control will be analysed.

### Further improvement of monetary and fiscal policy (point 2) — measures include
- sustainable development of the banking system;
- improvement of the legal base of banking activity;
- improvement of the procedures of deposit insurance;
- attraction of funds of international financial institutions to increase the resource base of the financial institutions, making credits more accessible and strengthening the banking services system; and
- use of effective tools for maintaining inflation.

### Institutional reforms and government efficiency (point 3)
- Continue implementation of institutional reforms of the sector and improvement of the efficiency of the government bodies, taking into account the requirements of the changing economic situation.
- Improve macro-economic planning methods and enhance development of the national statistics system.
- Improve effectiveness and transparency of state finance management.
- Increase capacities of government bodies responsible for implementation of macro-economic policy and improve the regulatory legal base aimed at promoting macro-economic stability.
- Account for all financial resources, including attracting and using foreign aid for implementing the sectoral measures of the PRS.

### Development Promotion Strategy — key observations and scenarios
- It is impossible to rehabilitate the high rate of economic development in the medium term, particularly without changing the trend of economic policy measures.
- The previous period of rapid development relied mainly on external labour migration and remittances, as well as foreign aid of bilateral donors.
- If remittances return to previous levels or increase, development would not grow as in previous years; the greatest risk is permanent out-migration with families, reducing remittances and development prospects, particularly in agriculture.

### Investment and funding indicators and projections
- According to preliminary estimates, from 2008 to 2012, the share of state funding for investment has decreased by 3.5 percent of the GDP.
- It is expected that the share of private investment will remain the same as in 2008, at approximately 6.0 percent of the GDP.
- The major challenge is the limited amount of private deposits and the insufficient proportion of investment, which according to estimates, will account for approximately 6.0 percent of the GDP.
- It is difficult to predict rehabilitation of a 20 percent investment share — of which two thirds is State investment — to 8 percent of the development rate.
- The only viable option identified is to increase private savings and transfer deposits into private investment by establishing a sustainable and reliable banking system and creating favourable economic conditions for entrepreneurs.

### Long-term development targets
- Goal for the next 20 years: lift the country out of poverty, remove it from the list of the poorest countries of the world and place it on the list of, at a minimum, medium-income countries.
- These long-term development indicators require a 6.5 percent average annual development rate.
- A development indicator of no less than 7 percent per year should be set for the medium term.
- Macro-economic stability is the main prerequisite and will be ensured by undertaking fiscal and monetary policy measures.
- Structural policy tasks: significantly enhance the balance against deposits and investment, and ensure productive employment rather than creating new positions by merely redistributing the national revenue.

### Growth strategy based on comparative advantage — energy sector
- Hydro-energy generation is identified as the comparative advantage; potential exceeds internal demand and could supply neighbouring countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan and China).
- Coal resources can be used to reduce seasonal electricity shortages — winter shortages and excessive summer production.
- Medium-term energy strategy directions:
  - Rehabilitation and modernization of electricity sector requiring full compensation of production cost;
  - Eliminate the large quasi-fiscal deficit in electricity generation by reducing losses and embezzlement during energy distribution through collection, metering and payments data as well as by increasing tariffs and ending cross-subsidies;
  - Invest in generation of coal-based heat energy as a primary task.
- A recently conducted review indicates enterprises cannot operate due to insufficient and unequal supply of electricity; eliminating such restrictions could promote sector progress.
- Long-term energy strategy:
  - Enhance electricity export opportunities and ensure energy independence;
  - Continue construction of Roghun HPP and lines for transmission of electricity to potential export markets;
  - Draft a national comprehensive plan for energy development including short- and long-term goals, taking into account neighbouring countries’ concerns;
  - Continue close cooperation with international financial institutions and bilateral donors for needed investments.

### Agricultural sector and land reform
- Diversification in agriculture will promote growth in other sectors; past exports included cotton and horticulture to former Soviet Union countries.
- Reforms reduced excessive cotton production and increased more profitable crops.
- Cotton Farm Debt Resolution and restructuring of farms with land use certificates to family farms will help eliminate barriers to flexibility.
- Further diversification will stimulate export of non-cotton agricultural products and replace imports by domestic products.
- High fertile lands will be used for cotton production, remaining an export product.
- Primary task in coming years: progress in land reform (rapid issuance of land use certificates) after Cotton Farm Debt Resolution.
- Deepen reform through changing State authorities’ functions: shift from farm intervention to providing market and price information and organizing farmer training.
- Improve social welfare system; governmental working group developing options.

### Business environment, governance, and trade facilitation
- Sectoral policy measures alone cannot ensure success; improving the business environment is essential.
- International assessments indicate barriers to entrepreneurship across sectors; increases in investor risk hamper external and internal funding of long-term investment projects.
- Administration has improved from a low baseline, but Tajikistan remains far behind most CIS countries on corruption, public resources management, rule of law, regulatory quality and accountability of state authorities.
- Taxation issues:
  - Income tax is not high, but tax collection and inspections are non-transparent and unpredictable, causing enterprises to suspend or terminate operations; non-transparent procedures promote bribery.
- State-owned enterprises management:
  - Improve management by high-quality audits of Barqi Tojik and TALCO and implement auditors’ recommendations;
  - Speed up privatization; Government’s share accounts for more than 50 percent in the majority of State enterprises;
  - Many State enterprises subordinate to sectoral ministries, causing barriers to transparent privatization.
- Export-import regulatory framework:
  - Needs significant simplification; companies face numerous legislative barriers;
  - Time for export procedures increased from 72 days in 2006 to 82 days in 2009;
  - Time for import procedures increased from 44 days in 2006 to 83 days in 2009;
  - Number of export and import documents in Tajikistan exceeds the number in most other countries;
  - Complicated procedures increase corruption and the risk premium, creating barriers to FDIs.
- Protection of property rights:
  - Tajikistan is behind other CIS countries on protection of investors’ rights; user rights for private enterprises to use property are extremely weak;
  - Progress in farmers’ land use rights should be extended to entrepreneurs in other spheres.
- Starting a business:
  - Launching a business in Tajikistan is more complicated than in most CIS countries; reduce number of steps by at least 50 percent;
  - Renewing business licences is non-transparent and promotes bribery.

### Banking, deposits, and investment balance
- To improve the balance between private deposits and investments, ensure effective management to reduce premiums for additional risks in foreign and domestic investments.
- Reduction of real interest rates will decrease risks of non-compliance and improve asset quality in commercial banks.
- Current low financing levels and banking sector weakness increase vulnerability to internal and external turmoil and raise investors’ premium for additional risk.
- Primary economic policy focus for the next several years: strengthen the commercial bank system.
- Stimulate attraction of deposits from remittances into the banking system; banks should initiate stimulation measures themselves.
- State policy to ensure a level playing field for banks and fair competition is fundamental for a sustainable, effective banking system.
- Early resolution of cotton debt will help improve banks’ solvency and liquidity management.
- To support the financial basis and develop the banking system for solvency in external commercial funding for the medium term, broadly introduce the Tajik Agricultural Finance Framework (TAFF) together with financial support of international financial institutions.

*Source: _cr10104 - 2. Within the context of the global economic crisis, the main goal of the PRS in this sector is to*

### 18.  The  strategy  for  ensuring  economic  growth  of  Tajikistan  is  ambitious  and  need  significant

### _cr10104 - 18. The strategy for ensuring economic growth of Tajikistan is ambitious and need significant

### Growth strategy and financing
- The strategy requires significant financial support from international financial institutions and bilateral donors.
- Past coverage of funding deficits relied on remittances of labour migrants; such expansion of foreign-currency inflows is unlikely in the future.
- The strategy promotes increases in internal deposits and FDIs to satisfy growing funding needs for investment projects.
- Successful implementation of the PRS for 2010–2012 requires significant assistance from the donor community.
- With strong leadership and firm measures, the country could mobilize sufficient human potential to transform current problems into development policy measures.

### Improvement of the investment climate, private sector development, and entrepreneurship
Findings and constraints:
- Expanded market access via an improved business and investment climate is key to future strong economic growth and better social services.
- Tajikistan must offer a more favourable business environment than other countries due to objective difficulties and a high poverty rate.
- High unemployment, a limited domestic market, and lack of investments increase the role of sole proprietorships and small businesses.
- Post-Soviet decline in fixed capital and human potential remains pronounced despite comparison to other poor countries with similar GDP: US$ 707.9 per capita in 2008.
- Foreign investor interest is limited and concentrated in traditional sectors (energy, light industry, processing of agricultural products and manufacturing at low investment levels).
- On average, Tajikistan has approximately 1.4 small enterprises per 1,000 people, while the Russian Federation has six and European Union countries have at least 30.
- SME and individual entrepreneurial activity is dominated by commercial activity not requiring significant investments (accounting for as much as 60 percent).
- Entrepreneurial activity is constrained by shortages of electricity (particularly in winter) and natural gas; problems in product processing and transportation domestically and abroad.
- Availability of credit resources is limited due to high bank loan interests (24–30 percent per annum).
- Approximately four fifths of the SMEs do not use bank accounts and resort to cash transactions.
- Insurance companies and banking institutions operate as monopolies due to insufficient capital.
- Simplified forms of SME regulation and legal protection for employees are lacking; serious problems exist in protection of ownership rights (including land use), enforcement of contracts (weak court/legal system), and corporate governance.

Enumerated problems in the investment and business sectors:
- delays in implementing heavy institutional and economic reforms; weakness of the incentive system for productive labour in the real sector and low labour productivity; an inadequate administrative structure; and a decline in the level of production and human capital;
- protracted difficulties in enforcing contractual relations and protecting ownership and other related rights, as well as the ineffectiveness of the legal system;
- administrative barriers to market entry (limited information support; poor truck, air freight and hotel services; complicated procedures for obtaining visas);
- the high cost of doing business (insufficient access to financing, insurance and leasing services; difficulties with electricity, gas, water and heating supply (especially during winter months); a large number of audits; and serious limitations related to certification;
- insufficient state support for business and investment (a low level of knowledge, lack of market research, unprofitable cotton production operations, poor job skills among labour migrants and school graduates);
- the lack of a unified mechanism for attracting investments and using privileges and guarantees;
- inadequate taxation for operating businesses and its improvement;
- the lack of a single procedure for the attraction, use, coordination and monitoring of foreign aid as well as a mechanism for coordinating government agencies, including the local self-governments;
- protracted difficulties in obtaining permits, insurance and accessibility to land for the construction of commercial and production facilities; and
- limited information for entrepreneurs and the lack of an effective and common database of investors’ activities.

Key tasks for 2010–2012 (sector priorities):
- (i) implementation of structural reforms;
- (ii) establishment of a single legal procedure for attracting investments and providing guarantees and privileges to foreign and domestic investors;
- (iii) coordination of government bodies regarding attraction and effective use of foreign aid, and development of a single mechanism for coordination and monitoring;
- (iv) establishment of a single database for investors and entrepreneurs;
- (v) lowering barriers and reducing costs related to entrepreneurial and investment activity; and
- (vi) state support for business and investments.

Planned measures and institutional actions:
- Strengthen the role and potential of authorized government agencies responsible for attracting investments and for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of PRS measures; develop country competitiveness rating methods and improve relations with local governments, entrepreneurs, investors and international organizations.
- Improve national legislation on investment to identify a single mechanism for attracting and managing investments and providing privileges to foreign and domestic investors.
- Promote effective cooperation with investors, international organizations (donor organizations) and international financial institutions; develop a single mechanism within project implementation for attracting, using, coordinating, monitoring and evaluating funds.
- Improve access to detailed information on investment projects across the country and ensure investors fully benefit from guarantees and privileges; raise legal knowledge and awareness of entrepreneurs in the regions about economic reforms and investment regulations.
- Analyse and reform the taxation mechanism; eliminate unnecessary permits and introduce a “single window” system; improve insurance procedures; increase entrepreneurs’ responsibilities and introduce limited control of their activity.
- Provide entrepreneur assistance through training (including legal training), support establishment of business associations, and involve entrepreneurs in decision-making to improve focus and effectiveness.
- Study comparative advantages of entrepreneurial activities and prepare programmes to attract foreign direct investments.

Targets:
- Private sector contribution to GDP to increase to 66 percent by the end of 2012 (compared to 44.5 percent in 2008).
- Tajikistan’s international rating of doing business should improve by 40 points.

### Development of regional cooperation and integration into the global economy
Principal goals of foreign economic policy (MDG 8 framework):
- Deeper integration into the global economy and fair participation in the international division of labour and international trade.
- Create conditions for including domestic enterprises in international production processes.
- Incentivize export and investment activity and ensure systematic participation of domestic businesses in setting international trade rules to achieve sustainable human development.

Approach:
- Flexible regionalism: participation in regional and bilateral trade agreements to stimulate trade and rational use of resources while complying with multilateral trade system rules.

Key problems in regional cooperation and global integration:
- lack of necessary potential for effective implementation of trade and investment policy measures; underdeveloped legislative and legal frameworks; weak implementation mechanisms;
- unsuitable business environment and investment climate due to lack of transparency and high transaction costs;
- poorly organized and insufficiently diversified exports heavily dependent on prices of a limited number of unstable raw material markets; insufficient attention to cluster-based export diversification;
- great distance from seaports and transportation/transit problems; dependence on neighbouring countries’ transit conditions;
- inadequate marketing capacity (no single company effectively operating in this area);
- lack of healthy competition in the air transport services market and weak material and technical base of SUAE Tajik Air;
- underdeveloped transportation infrastructure and lack of competition in transportation services;
- lack of effective mechanisms for border and customs control of movement of goods, work, services and capital; complicated entry and temporary visit mechanisms for foreign nationals; visa problems; and labour migration difficulties.

Sector tasks deriving from PRS and NDS priorities:
- (i) improve the system for managing foreign economic activity;
- (ii) strengthen the country’s participation in global trade (including completing WTO accession);
- (iii) develop regional cooperation;
- (iv) diversify commodity and sectoral trade structure and simplify trading procedures;
- (v) develop tourism; and
- (vi) regulate labour migration processes.

Planned measures:
- Improve institutional foundations for regulation of foreign economic activity: elaborate policies, harmonize legislation with international law, enhance investment and business environment, provide access to regulatory legal acts, establish information and marketing centres, and improve non-tariff trade regulation.
- For WTO accession: analyse globalization consequences; provide domestic market access consistent with economic interests; fulfill WTO Agreement conditions on intellectual property, reduction of technical barriers, and sanitary/phytosanitary standards; train specialists in international trade and law; strengthen the Tajikistan Representative Office activities in Geneva.
- Regional cooperation measures: improve regulatory frameworks; develop transportation and transit cooperation to resolve regional transit problems; coordinate water, energy and hydrocarbon resource use; accelerate accession to the Customs Union and Common Economic Area within EurAsEC; participate more actively in the SCO and ECO; develop transportation corridors; create an International Energy Consortium; increase electricity transmission potential by constructing power lines.
- Trade diversification and simplification: focus on increasing foreign trade turnover by developing export-oriented sectors; draft sectoral export development programmes aligned with comparative advantages; improve tariff and customs policies; establish a Consultative Committee on Trade Procedures; negotiate with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation on eliminating deposit requirements for transit shipments; improve licensing for alcohol production/handling/sale; improve insurance for legal entities and individuals; resolve issues around establishing and activating free economic zones.
- Tourism development: elaborate implementation mechanisms and institutional base; strengthen advertising and public information (television, radio, advertising materials); expand international cooperation and legal base; promote Tajikistan in international tourism exhibitions and trade fairs; organize a single exhibit and tourism offices abroad; develop tourism infrastructure including a network of hotels and facilities.

*Source: IMF staff compilation from chapter titled “The strategy for ensuring economic growth of Tajikistan” (excerpt).*

### 10. Regulation of the labour migration process (task vi): export earnings, FDI and remittances by

### Regulation of the labour migration process (task vi): export earnings, FDI and remittances by migrants

### Regulation of labour migration: issues, constraints, and protective measures
- Key role: external labour migration is described as the key factor to reduce unemployment among the economically active population and an important, relatively stable source of foreign private financing (export earnings, FDI and remittances by migrants).
- Issues that restrict regulation of the labour migration process:
  - the spontaneous migration of labour migrants from Tajikistan abroad in search of jobs;
  - the lack of knowledge of Russian or the language of the destination country;
  - the lack of specific skills or profession;
  - the low level of legal knowledge of labour migrants; and
  - the lack of knowledge on appropriate ethics, behaviour and dress.
- Licensed employment companies:
  - At present, there are 34 companies on employment of national citizens abroad with licences from the Migration Service.
  - Difficulties experienced by these companies:
    - insufficient financial resources;
    - high interest rates for bank loans;
    - the non-fulfilment of terms and conditions of contracts by some foreign employers;
    - the lack of professionals in Tajikistan who are needed by foreign employers.
- Protective measures and institutional needs when sending migrants under bilateral contracts:
  - protect migrants’ rights, social needs and working conditions;
  - improve the mechanism for regulating and organizing external labour migration;
  - develop political dialogue to protect the rights and interests of Tajik migrants in foreign countries;
  - create conditions for simplified entry and exit, as well as conditions for visits to and movement within destination countries;
  - develop modern, organized methods and means for delivering services in foreign markets, inter alia by establishing a commercial presence.

### Projected impact on foreign trade and partnerships
- Regional cooperation and global economic integration:
  - Implementation of these measures in regional cooperation and integration into the global economy will allow boosting the country’s foreign trade turnover by 45.7 percent by 2012.
  - These measures are expected to create favourable conditions for forming a global partnership for development (MDG 8).

### Agriculture and food security: priorities, achievements and constraints
- Strategic framing:
  - Food security and agricultural development are identified as the key sector of the country’s economy.
  - The Programme on Food Security in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015 was established by Decree No. 72 of 2 February 2009, within the framework of the NDS until 2015.
  - Priority areas of the Programme:
    - To make food available and accessible (economic and physical access) based on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector;
    - To ensure food security and to provide nutritional food for the population, particularly the more vulnerable segments;
    - To ensure a stable food supply.
- PRS objectives and achievements:
  - The principal goal of the PRS in this sector is to increase gross agricultural output and labour productivity in key areas such as agriculture, water resources management, land use rights and nutrition.
  - The country’s agricultural sector showed significant achievements in implementing the PRS for 2007–2009; overall agricultural output grew during this period, though some production indicators (notably rational use of water and land resources) remain unsatisfactory.
- Identified constraints in the agricultural sector:
  - donors often provide ad hoc humanitarian assistance rather than long-term infrastructure and sectoral investment;
  - debts to investors in the cotton sector;
  - limited access to credits, technology and markets (including domestic consumer markets);
  - underdeveloped agricultural infrastructure;
  - increased costs of industrial vegetable and fruit processing;
  - insufficient feed due to reduction of feed crops planting and disruption of livestock grazing systems;
  - decline of livestock productivity and inadequate veterinary services;
  - poor awareness of land reforms and lack of knowledge in modern agricultural production;
  - increase in food-related illnesses and weak laboratory personnel for ensuring proper nutrition;
  - dependence of the consumer market on imports of essential foodstuff.
- Medium-term tasks for 2010–2012 (listed as identified):
  1) increasing the efficiency of all agricultural sectors;
  2) improving the conditions for the development of rural entrepreneurial activity;
  3) increasing efficiency in the cotton sector;
  4) providing guarantees and secure land use rights;
  5) improving conditions for the effectiveness of the agricultural and water resource management infrastructure;
  6) guaranteeing proper nutrition.
- Planned measures (selected highlights by task):
  - Task 1 (increase efficiency): implement the Programme on Food Security until 2015; draft and implement multiple sectoral programmes (e.g., Social Development of Rural Areas 2010–2020); create accounting and financial centres for Dehkan Farms; strengthen dehkan farms led by women; train specialists in apiculture, potato growing, husbandry, cattle breeding, agribusiness.
  - Task 2 (rural entrepreneurial activity): promote investment projects (attract bank credits, foreign and domestic investors, and funds from labour migrants); support dairy farms, sheep, poultry, yak and goat herding, apiculture, fish farming; improve access to seeds, fertilizers and veterinary, seed selection and seed production services; involve the private sector and provide economic, legal and consulting services on land use and private business development.
  - Task 3 (cotton sector): implement Governmental Decree No. 406 of 2 July 2009; address insufficient financing, poor-quality seeds, degraded land and inefficient irrigation; implement measures to develop cotton sector, increase competition among cotton mills, improve cotton export procedures and import of fertilizers and equipment; develop project “Cotton Processing and Market Development”.
  - Task 4 (land use rights): include amendments to simplify and increase transparency of procedures for registration of land use rights; reorganize and rehabilitate farms; ensure equal rights and opportunities to men and women regarding land access (public information, training, micro-credit institutions); monitor observance of equal rights to land.
  - Task 5 (agricultural and water infrastructure): restore and renovate irrigation and drainage systems; support establishment of WUAs; implement programmes for rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage systems, arable land inclusion into agricultural turnover for 2010–2014, reclamation improvement 2010–2014, and rehabilitation of high-pressure pipes in water pumps for 2010–2015; plant trees and shrubs to increase soil fertility; provide equipment, seeds and fertilizers; develop new land and irrigation to employ rural population.
  - Task 6 (proper nutrition): draft/adapt standards for food quality and safety; provide equipment for information collection to implement the Law “On salt iodization”; enrich processed flour with iron; address medical problems related to nutrition; supply laboratory equipment for food safety assessment; support scientific research to prevent and treat malnutrition.
- Quantified expected outcomes by 2012 (compared to 2008):
  - boost the gross agricultural output by 18.1 percent;
  - increase labour productivity by 12.0 percent.

### Infrastructure, energy and industry: transport and communications priorities and indicators
- Infrastructure objectives:
  - Development of infrastructure, energy and industry is intended to promote economic development, reduce poverty and achieve NDS goals.
  - Key infrastructure sectors: rail transport, road transport, air transport and the communications sector.
  - Government objective: lead the country out of the communications dead-end by constructing railroads and highways.
- Roads and transport:
  - Approximately 362.8 km of roads were repaired and renovated from 2002 to 2008 through foreign investments and government contributions.
  - 14 investment projects on construction and rehabilitation of highways, for a total of US$ 648.8 million, have been implemented in the country.
    - These projects cost US$ 332.9 million, or 51.3 percent of the total funding.
  - Anticipated outcomes by 2012 for ongoing projects:
    - 1,632.6 km of roads reconstructed and newly constructed;
    - 15 km of tunnels reconstructed and newly constructed;
    - more than 100 bridges reconstructed and newly constructed.
  - Road transportation currently accounts for less than 5 percent of the total volume of international shipping; reasons include limited freight volumes, non-compliance with international requirements for freight and passenger transportation, and poor highway conditions.
- Air transport:
  - Tajik Air purchased three Boeing aircraft; Somon Air purchased two Boeing aircraft.
  - Flight routes have been expanded to about 60 CIS and distant countries.
  - Problem of airports not meeting international standards has been resolved.
  - A new modern terminal in Dushanbe Airport, with a passenger handling capacity of 500 passengers/hour, is anticipated to be commissioned by the 20th anniversary of national independence, on 9 September 2011.
- Communications:
  - Outdated analogue automatic telephone exchanges have been replaced by digital equipment.
  - Wireless communication significantly contributes to the communications services market.
  - There are 11 private operators in the country, whose profits are 10.1 times greater than that of national operators.
  - The national communications company is losing ground annually in this market.

*Source: _cr10104 - 10. Regulation of the labour migration process (task vi): export earnings, FDI and remittances by*

### 3.  The main infrastructure challenges are:

### 3.  The main infrastructure challenges are:

### Infrastructure challenges (summary)
- promoting stability and quality of national radio and television as well as communications and free access to modern information and interactive services for the population in the eastern, western and southern parts of the country;
- establishing at least 180 E1 traffic to meet the demands of all customers in the eastern, western and southern parts of the country;
- establishing the satellite mobile system;
- provide access to information sources in remote and hard-to-access areas of the country.

### Main infrastructure development tasks for 2010–2012
- 1) Completing the construction of transit roads to promote international automobile delivery
- 2) Improving the condition of the local roads and maintenance of the roads in the rural areas
- 3) Implementing and proposing new investment projects

### Promotion of international automobile delivery (task 1)
- Implement a package of measures including investment projects for the rehabilitation and construction of international highways.
- Establish new international routes under signed Agreements.
- Construct border terminals to create favorable conditions for increased international automobile delivery.

### Improving local and rural roads (task 2)
- Improve the condition of local roads and gradually maintain rural roads to promote rural entrepreneurship and reduce poverty.
- Measures are envisaged in the Matrix of Action for 2010-2012 to improve local and rural road conditions for future rural development.

### Promoting ongoing and new investment infrastructure projects (task 3)
- Monitor progress in construction of roads that provide internal inter-regional accessibility to end transportation stagnation.
- Support Tajik Railway and Tajik Air to improve their material and technical base.
- Consider possibility of building highways to Afghanistan to provide access to Iran and Pakistan.

### Energy — needs, supply projects, and issues
- National electricity need: 3–3.5 billion kWt/h.
- Energy-saving equipment (e.g., energy-saving bulbs) can reduce electricity usage up to five times.
- Small and large HPP construction is a solution to electricity shortages.
- Recent completed and ongoing projects:
  - Sangtuda–1 HPP: joint construction; 670 mWt capacity; completed June 2009.
  - Sangtuda-2 HPP: 220 mWt capacity; constructed with investment from the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  - South-North high-voltage transmission line: 500 kWt capacity; constructed and commissioned through a privileged loan from the People’s Republic of China.
  - Lolazor-Khatlon transmission line: 220 kWt capacity; constructed and commissioned.
- HPP fleet characteristics:
  - HPPs have been in operation for more than 30 years and need repair.
  - More than 50 percent of electricity distribution equipment, networks and substations need regular and major repair.
  - Norak HPP is the primary hydropower generator but has a relatively small reservoir limiting year-round regulation.
- Project: “Repair and Restoration of the Norak HPP capacity” — would increase plant capacity by 500–600 mWt.
- “The Long-term Programme to Build Small Hydro-power Plants in 2007–2020”:
  - Provides for construction of 100 small HPPs by 2012.
  - Total cost: US$ 125.1 million.
  - Expected generation: 480.6 million kWt of electricity per year.
- Roghun HPP:
  - Construction ongoing; started in 1980.
  - Project capacity: 3,600 mWt.
  - After first aggregate is commissioned, annual generation will reach 4 billion kWt/hour.
  - Full project production: 13.1 billion kWt per year (when functioning to full capacity).
- Electricity and Heating Centre Dushanbe-2:
  - Planned capacity: 270 mWt.
  - To be constructed with Chinese investment using technology that considers environmental protection.
- Major electricity consumers:
  - SUE Tajik Aluminium Company (TalCo): largest industrial consumer; accounts for some 38–40 percent of the total load.
  - Pump structures of the Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources: account for 12–15 percent of the total load.
- Hydrocarbon and coal reserves/production:
  - Proved reserves of oil, gas and condensate represent less than 1 percent of total resources estimated at 1,033 million tonnes of standard fuel.
  - Coal mining estimates: 184,000 tonnes in 2010 and 220,000 tonnes in 2012.
- Acting tariffs on electricity consumption are still low and contribute to decline in technical quality of production tools.
- Social and economic impacts of energy shortages:
  - Energy shortage, particularly in winter, forces educational and medical institutions (especially in rural areas) to cease full-time operation.
  - Pumping stations supplying drinking water shut down, leading to increased infectious diseases and reduced available manpower.
  - Industrial production has become seasonal.

### Main problems in energy sector (listed)
- relatively low rates;
- unused alternative sources of power generation;
- significant energy losses;
- limited financial opportunities for renovation and building new energy facilities.

### Key energy-sector tasks for coming years
- 1) Constructing, rehabilitating and renovating the country’s energy facilities;
- 2) Completing investment projects and promoting new investment ones in the energy sector;
- 3) Constructing electricity transmission lines to supply the districts of Zarafshon Valley with electricity of domestic production.

### Measures to construct, rehabilitate and renovate energy facilities (task 1)
- Restructure the largest energy enterprises — the OJSHC Barki Tojik Power Company and SUE Tojikgas.
- Implement programme to build small HPPs to improve electricity supply in remote regions.
- Continue construction of power-generating facilities (HPP Sangtuda-2, first phase of Rogun HPP, Energy and Heating Centre Dushanbe-2) to increase winter availability and create conditions for summer exports of surplus power.

### Promoting existing and new energy investment projects (task 2)
- Modernize hydroelectric installations and increase efficiency.
- Construct new HPPs and reconstruct coal-powered plants.
- South-North electric power transmission line commissioned in December 2009 will reduce Soughd Province dependence on imported electricity.
- Promote investment projects to construct power lines for exporting electricity to Afghanistan and Pakistan to expand markets for surplus electricity.

### Transmission project for Panjakent, Ayni and Mountainous Mastchoh (task 3 / supply)
- Construct a 110 kWt capacity transmission line from substation Severnaya (Varzob District) to substation Rudaki (Panjakent District) to supply Panjakent, Ayni and Mountainous Mastchoh with locally produced electricity (they have experienced cuts).
- Note: Uzbekistan left the Central Asian unified energy network on 1 December 2009.

### Industry — constraints, objectives, and measures
- Industrial output has declined in recent years because production capacity has not been fully exploited; domestic markets import ready-made aluminium despite primary production.
- Programmes for 2007-2015 aim to:
  - Gradually increase processing of primary aluminium and production of ready-made aluminium products.
  - Achieve full processing of cotton fiber and processing of animal products (wool and leather) up to 2015.
- Expected outcomes of full implementation:
  - Enhance industry sectors, resolve employment issues, develop science and technology, increase state budget revenues, and resolve key economic issues.
- Measures to increase processing and production (to create jobs, increase budget revenues, and develop industry):
  - eliminating barriers to the free exchange of primary aluminium in the country;
  - establishing a fund for innovative development of exports;
  - implementing the project “The Use of Local Raw Material by TALCO”;
  - carrying out marketing research on the production of new products;
  - developing and implementing investment projects to attract FDI to specific industry spheres.
- Employment impact: regarding introduction of processing of local industrial raw material, approximately one million people will be employed.

### Industrial sector rationale and planned focus
- Growth in industrial output in recent years linked to post-conflict restoration, migrants’ remittances and higher domestic demand.
- Tajikistan has significant resources (agricultural raw materials, medicinal herbs, coal, gold, precious stones, other minerals) but needs infrastructure for regional industrial production.
- Main development tasks identified:
  - supporting the development of the priority sectors of the industry;
  - widely establishing the processing of primary aluminium, cotton, leather and wool.
- Planned package of measures under “Supporting the development of the priority sectors of the industry”:
  - Promote major investment projects in heavy and light industry, and the food industry.
  - Construct enterprises with integrated production cycles for processing cotton and other agricultural raw materials.
  - Focus on building materials industry due to demand from construction of energy and road projects and private demand.
  - Attract investments for processing aluminium and precious metals and stones, and investments in mining.
  - Promote projects to set up plants for manufacturing spare parts and assembly of new agricultural equipment.
  - Improve energy supply for small enterprises and households to promote projects producing alternative energy equipment (wind and solar), and biogas production linked to poverty reduction in remote regions.

### Expected sectoral outcomes from PRS Sectoral Activity Matrix (2010–2012)
- Infrastructure sector:
  - increase freight turnover by 12.6 percent;
  - increase passenger turnover by 4.7 percent;
  - increase the contribution of the communications sector as a proportion of the GDP to 38 percent.
- Energy sector:
  - expand the average daily availability of electricity to all consumers from 16 hours to 24 hours;
  - reduce the quasi-fiscal deficit from 20.5 to 5 percent;
  - introduce a concrete schedule for the delivery of gas, electricity and heating.
- Industrial sector:
  - increase industrial output by restoring and developing enterprises by 25.6 percent;
  - boost labour productivity in the industry by 16 percent;
  - expand industrial exports by 18 percent;
  - increase the number of employees in the industry by 20.5 percent.

*Source: _cr10104 - 3.  The main infrastructure challenges are:*

### 1.6 A package of measures aimed at improving the use of government funding of the educational

### 1.6 A package of measures aimed at improving the use of government funding of the educational system, increasing public funding and attracting private resources to this sector

### Education — financing, institutional incentives, and access
- Planned adoption of a Conceptual Framework for the Financing of Education in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015 and continuation of the pilot programme for a per capita financing system (task ii).
- Objectives of the financing reforms:
  - increase transparency in the use of public resources;
  - establish a close connection between the funding and the performance of educational institutions;
  - distribute resources taking into account the number of students and specific regional or local conditions;
  - grant educational institutions considerably more freedom and responsibility in the allocation of government resources.
- Introduction of a new salary system to:
  - more closely link remuneration to teachers’ qualifications with the real labour costs of teachers;
  - prevent teachers’ resignations;
  - help improve the quality of education.
- Measures to mobilize additional funding:
  - organize paid services delivery by public schools;
  - support development of private educational institutions to inject additional funding and reallocate some government funding to meet educational needs of children from the poorest and most vulnerable segments.

### Education — methodological and personnel support; structural change
- Improvement of methodological and personnel support (task iii) through:
  - updating educational content;
  - improving curricula and study programmes;
  - preparing textbooks that reflect new approaches to education.
- Plans to convert basic secondary education schools into a ten-year compulsory system.
- Teacher workforce measures:
  - re-training and professional development of teachers to improve instruction quality and reduce teacher shortages, particularly in rural areas;
  - organize professional development courses taking into account modern requirements for introducing new technologies;
  - local government bodies to take steps to attract young teachers to rural schools.
- Quality assurance:
  - set up an independent educational quality control system and study the possibility of correlating school performance assessments to its results.

### Education — access for vulnerable children and infrastructure
- Access measures (task iv):
  - focus on more effective use of available funds and new mechanisms to support children from vulnerable groups;
  - provide hot meals to primary grade school children to overcome poverty-linked attendance barriers;
  - provide targeted economic assistance to children from needy families, concentrated on the poorest and most isolated parts of the country.
- Transition to a ten-year compulsory educational system is viewed as essential to introduce the new system, improve gender inequality, and align with international educational standards.
- Infrastructure measures (task v):
  - package of measures for construction and major renovation of school buildings;
  - purchase necessary classroom and other equipment for schools and publication of textbooks;
  - ensure minimum standards of lighting, heating and sanitation and hygiene norms.

### Education — target outcomes
- Implementation of these measures aims to:
  - bring the basic secondary school attendance rate up to 91 percent among children aged 7–15;
  - increase the percentage of girls among the total number of children attending school to 50 percent;
  - improve quality of education and its relevance to the country’s socio-economic development.

*Italic line: Source: _cr10104 - 1.6 A package of measures aimed at improving the use of government funding of the educational system, increasing public funding and attracting private resources to this sector*

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### 2 Science

### Role and objectives
- Development of science intended to contribute to poverty reduction via applied research targeted at the real sector and training of highly qualified personnel.
- NDS for 2007–2015 and PRS for 2010–2012 aim to strengthen science’s role in socio-economic development.

### Sector issues identified
- underdevelopment of the management system and ineffective use of resources in the sector;
- limited use of scientific potential in developing comprehensive national scientific and technical programmes addressing key socio-economic problems;
- inadequate material and technical support for sciences;
- an insufficient level of international scientific and technical cooperation.

### Tasks and planned measures
- Main tasks:
  1) Improving the institutional system of the science sector;
  2) Concentrating scientific potential in priority research areas;
  3) Improving the material and technical base of the science sector;
  4) Training highly qualified specialists in the sciences.
- Management reform (task 6): conduct horizontal and vertical functional survey and prepare practical recommendations; integrate academic, applied and higher education in sciences; provide incentives for scientists.
- Concentration of scientific potential (task 7): focus research on high priority areas of natural sciences, engineering, medicine and agriculture to increase incorporation of developments into the real sector.
- Material and technical base (task 8): restore and update infrastructure; furnish institutions with instruments, equipment and reagents.
- Human capital (task 9): implement Training Programme for Scientists in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2009–2019 (approved by Resolution No. 396 of 2 July 2008) to improve training of high-calibre scientists.

### Science — target outcome
- Implementation of these measures is expected to increase the practical relevance and introduction of scientific advancements in the real sector of the economy by 30 percent.

*Italic line: Source: _cr10104 - 1.6 A package of measures aimed at improving the use of government funding of the educational system, increasing public funding and attracting private resources to this sector*

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### 6.2 Development of the healthcare system

### Context and financing trends
- Total government expenditure on healthcare fell from 4.5 percent of the GDP in 1991 to 1.9 percent in 2009, increasing dependence on unofficial private payments and foreign aid.
- Healthcare framework references: NDS for 2007-2015, MDG, PRS, the complex strategy on population health for the period until 2020, The programme fight against tuberculosis for 2010-2015, continuation of the Health care Management Information System (HMIS).

### System weaknesses and challenges
- Significant funding and resource distribution gap between primary health care (PHC) and hospital care; bulk of funding earmarked for expensive secondary healthcare (hospitals) unattainable for the poor.
- Decline in qualifications and shortage of skilled medical staff, especially in rural areas, due to imperfect human resources management, low wages and high turnover.
- Lack of sufficient modern medical equipment and deterioration of buildings and facilities.
- Slow growth of private medical institutions due to administrative barriers and inadequate government support.
- Consequence: weakened primary healthcare, reduced access to medical care and basic medicine for the poor, higher maternal and infant mortality rates, and increased incidence of infectious diseases (tuberculosis, malaria, helminthiasis).

### Strategic medium-term goals
- Gradually reduce maternal and infant mortality rates and the burden of infectious diseases; eradicate certain vaccine-preventable infections.
- Top priority: strengthen primary healthcare and epidemiological supervision; introduce new methods of healthcare services.

### Main sector tasks
- (i) increase effectiveness of management system and financing;
- (ii) expand role of private sector in delivery of medical services;
- (iii) improve maternal and child health protection;
- (iv) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases;
- (v) improve personnel training and reinforce material and technical base.

### Management and financing reforms (task 1)
- Implement the Republic of Tajikistan Health Care Financing Strategy for 2005–2015.
- Introduce mechanisms for per capita financing of primary healthcare.
- Change financing system of hospital care using treatment-based clinical cost groups.
- Restructure primary care and hospital networks.
- Aims of these reforms:
  - increase effectiveness and transparency of public funds use;
  - establish correlation between funding and healthcare institution performance;
  - distribute resources based on number of people enrolled, regional/local conditions, and ability of institutions to redistribute savings and provide incentives.
- Improve quality of medical services via a new employee compensation programme.
- Introduce the Basic Programme for Medical Care Delivery establishing a payment procedure for medical care exceeding the Basic Programme funding, to cover free guaranteed healthcare through state funds and co-financing (co-payments).

### Private sector participation (task 2)
- Develop private treatment and preventive care institutions and analyze second-tier burden to assess privatization prospects.
- Mobilize private resources and reallocate government financing to meet needs of the poorest and most vulnerable.
- Simplify licence procedures for medical care to aid private sector development.

### Maternal and child health (task 3)
- Improve qualifications of personnel providing maternal and infant care.
- Incorporate basic types of perinatal and neonatal care into the list of guaranteed medical services.
- Strengthen capacities of national and provincial reproductive health centres for monitoring, assessment and quality improvement.
- Required complementary actions: public information, educational measures, public dialogue on child mortality, safe motherhood, reproductive health and family planning, and improved access to urgent obstetrical and neonatal care.
- Include family planning, reproductive rights and related issues in the “Healthy Lifestyle” school programme targeted at upper grades.

### Infectious diseases and epidemiological supervision (task 4)
- Urgent measures to address recent drastic increases in infectious disease incidence:
  - raise public awareness, especially among high-risk groups, on preventive measures for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and parasitic diseases;
  - ensure universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment;
  - reduce stigma and discrimination against high-risk groups;
  - promote positive public opinion on prevention programmes.
- Develop new Programme on the Fight against HIV/AIDS for 2011–2015 based on the National Plan on Monitoring and Evaluation and coordinated with NDS/PRS goals.
- Improve epidemiological supervision by raising qualifications of specialists in public health, centres combating tropical diseases and tuberculosis, immuno-prevention, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and parasitology divisions.
- Transition gradually to a government-funded immunization programme and integrate it into maternal and child health protection programmes as a top priority to reduce infant and child mortality.
- Strengthen agencies promoting healthy lifestyles through public awareness campaigns on family planning, hygienic habits and behaviour change.

*Italic line: Source: _cr10104 - 1.6 A package of measures aimed at improving the use of government funding of the educational system, increasing public funding and attracting private resources to this sector*

### 10.  Improving  personnel  training  and  strengthening  the  material  and  technical  base  of  the

### 10. Improving personnel training and strengthening the material and technical base of the healthcare system

### Strengthening workforce capacity and technical base (task 5)
- Measures:
  - Improved training and re-training for medical personnel and general practitioners (family doctors and nurses).
  - Certification, revision and inclusion of programmes in curricula relevant to the country’s needs.
  - Improving personnel planning and management policies to shrink geographical and organizational gaps and eliminate shortages of certain specialists.
  - Adoption of measures to improve the material and technical base of the healthcare system, including:
    - a package of measures for constructing and renovating treatment and preventive care institutions;
    - purchasing vehicles and the necessary teaching and medical equipment.
  - Implementation in accordance with a plan for restructuring treatment and preventive care institutions, including activities in pilot regions identified by the Government as the poorest and the most vulnerable.
- Expected outcome:
  - By 2012, reduction in maternal and infant mortality and the incidence of infectious diseases, and eradication of some infections controllable by vaccines.

### Improvement of social welfare (Section 6.3) — goals and priorities (2010–2012)
- Priorities: employment, social insurance, pension security and targeted social assistance.
- Identified key problems in the sector:
  - financial imbalance of the social welfare system and continued compliance of social policies to the methods and approaches followed in the pre-market period;
  - underdeveloped bases for statistics management due to the lack of modern methodology and a system for the collection, processing and dissemination of statistics data;
  - an inadequate regulatory and legal base for the social welfare;
  - the low level and poor quality of social assistance and services;
  - inadequate bases for establishing and developing infrastructure for alternate social services through the involvement of civil society;
  - the lack of a policy on the effective prevention of social risks;
  - the lack of social justice due to the inadequate social insurance system;
  - the presence of a significant shadow underground sector;
  - limited opportunities of the state employment agencies, and the poor quality and lack of competitiveness of the country’s labour potential;
  - lack of a mechanism for the effective social welfare of labour migrants.

### Tasks identified (in light of NDS/PRS goals, current problems, and crisis impact)
- 1) Improving the social welfare management system.
- 2) Ensuring better access to resources for needy people, enabling them to escape poverty on their own.
- 3) Promoting reforms in the social insurance and pension security system.
- 4) Updating the social assistance system by covering both its elements: social benefits and social services.

### Task 1 — Improvement of the social welfare management system
- Basis: drafting a conceptual reform and state strategy framework defining targeted social policies to enable citizens’ right to social welfare.
- Central actions:
  - improving the structure and revising the authorities and competences of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare by drafting and implementing priority measures in the medium-term period (2010–2012);
  - reviving activity of structural units or agencies responsible for labour issues within local state authorities of towns and districts;
  - establishing a multi-tiered and unified system to manage the protection of children’s rights to eliminate barriers to timely and full protection of needy children’s social rights.

### Task 2 — Ensuring access to resources (labour, wages, labour market regulation)
- Two directions: a) labour and wages; b) regulation of the labour market and labour migration; promoting employment and assistance to the unemployed.
- Labour and wages strategy measures:
  - reform of the wage system of civil servants and workers in the educational and the healthcare sectors to implement actions in the conceptual framework of salaries in the first phase until 2012;
  - expanding services for regulating labour relations using norms, standards, and methods of social partnership;
  - developing and implementing mechanisms for effective indexation of salaries with resources from the budget;
  - monitoring the annual increase of wages, including the minimum wage;
  - introducing measures to continue the policy on the gradual elimination of the hard forms of child labour;
  - improving the regulatory, legal, administrative, material and technical base of State services for supervision of labour, employment and social welfare, including measures to lobby or sanction employers who do not observe labour and social welfare legislation.
- PRS measures to reduce crisis impact on labour market and employment:
  - implementing mechanisms for effective drafting of state policy on labour market regulation and employment;
  - expanding and strengthening opportunities of government agencies responsible for employment to be intermediaries in the labour market;
  - improving the quality of professional orientation activities and implementing education programmes helping the unemployed and labour migrants adapt to internal and external labour markets;
  - promoting self-employment and domestic labour; drafting and implementing mechanisms to promote paid public jobs;
  - revising the procedure and guaranteeing timely payments of unemployment and social benefits;
  - computerizing government employment agencies; introducing training, research and regular labour market monitoring; developing databases on labour market indicators and agencies’ activity;
  - promoting employment of vulnerable segments via quotas, providing professional training, development and re-training; drafting and implementing targeted promotion-of-employment programmes; creating additional jobs; developing SMEs (involving the disabled and promoting domestic jobs); rehabilitating services through vocational training;
  - promoting technology for adult education.
- Outcome for social insurance/pensions: promotion of reform toward a multi-level, financially sustainable pension system.

### Task 3 — Reform of state social insurance and pension system
- Measures:
  - strengthening regulatory base by drafting laws on: (i) state social insurance; (ii) pension insurance, including state pensions; and (iii) individual records;
  - increasing effectiveness of social insurance management by computerizing records of the insured and beneficiaries of social insurance social benefits;
  - automating the process of pension assignment and improving the insurance statistics system;
  - finding ways to cover labour migrants with a social insurance system;
  - preventing and eliminating cases of arrears in payment of social taxes and payments to insured entities.
- Intended outcome: gradual establishment of a multi-tiered, financially sustainable pension system that fulfils principles of social insurance.

### Task 4 — Improving social assistance system (expanding access to social services)
- Measures:
  - drafting and implementing the State strategy on reform of the social services system and providing socially targeted assistance to vulnerable population segments;
  - strengthening regulatory and legal bases and developing/adopting laws and regulatory acts on: (i) social support for the elderly; (ii) protection of children’s rights; (iii) improvement of the guardianship system for under-adult children; and (iv) procedures for social services provision;
  - targeted social assistance;
  - expanding and implementing new forms of social services via local self-governing councils (jamoats) in cooperation with NGOs and civil society;
  - revising the system of privileges and establishing a unified database on beneficiaries and those needing social assistance, including children;
  - improving methods of social services delivery and enhancing the social services system for children, leveraging jamoat and family-based services;
  - drafting a national strategy to define content, volume and minimum standards of services, and competences/responsibilities regarding childcare, including budget support for children’s protection rights;
  - drafting and gradual implementation of a national system for monitoring children’s social welfare;
  - strengthening regulatory and legal bases for joint activity systems among institutions for assessment of demand for social services using the “social one-stop shop” method;
  - reviewing administrative mechanisms for social services delivery at town and district levels to change directions of financial flows; implementing a system for regular quality monitoring of social services;
  - drafting and approving a list of social services guaranteed by the state and establishing mechanisms to assess demand and delivery procedures;
  - drafting and piloting standards for assessing the activity of institutions responsible for social services and professional qualification of their workers;
  - strengthening public information activities to improve legal knowledge and awareness about social services delivery;
  - developing methods for enhancing social welfare of social services employees by improving the wage system.

### Medium-term outcomes for social welfare (2010–2012)
- Expected results:
  - strengthen the regulatory, legal and financial bases of the sector, ensure further reforms, and gradually increase wages, pensions and social benefits;
  - expand modern methods of social service delivery and increase the number of institutions for social services;
  - improve social infrastructure to promote growth of targeted privileges, services and social benefits received;
  - reduce unemployment and increase competitiveness of the labour market;
  - improve quality of management and operate a multi-tiered and unified system to manage children’s rights protection;
  - enhance procedures for labour protection management, improve working conditions, prevent occupational accidents and diseases, and increase means for labour productivity;
  - reduce poverty by 10 percent.

### Expansion of access to water, sanitation, and housing and municipal services (Section 6.4) — goals and baseline
- Goal: establish economic and administrative mechanisms to implement the first stage of restoring water supply and sanitation systems, and housing and municipal services; increase civil society and business participation; introduce public sense of ownership and interest in housing stock management.
- Baseline statistics and conditions:
  - Tajikistan mainly uses surface and groundwater sources, more than half of which have elevated hardness and mineralization levels.
  - 87 percent of the urban population and 20 percent of the rural inhabitants receive their water from centralized water systems that do not meet the drinking water standards.
  - Sewage services are available to 23 percent of the country’s urban population and 5 percent of the rural population.
  - Most population centres do not offer solid waste collection and recycling services.
  - Some water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services facilities were left without responsible supervision during privatization of agricultural enterprises.
  - Lack of interagency coordination has led to little contact and interaction among structures responsible for drafting and implementing policies.
- Target by end of 2012:
  - access to drinking water in compliance with government standards to 96 percent of the urban population and 51 percent of rural residents;
  - access to basic sanitation and hygiene services to 47 percent of the urban residents and 37 percent of the rural population.

### Main problems in water, sanitation, housing and municipal services
- Competences for policy development and regulation are not assigned to a single government body; lack of coordination among responsible agencies.
- Insufficient comprehensive programmes and plans aimed at restoring water supply, sanitation systems, and housing and municipal services.
- Insufficient regulatory legal basis; facilities in rural areas lacking responsible management.
- Lack of stable electricity supply hindering uninterrupted operation.
- Unsatisfactory technical conditions of water, power and heating supply facilities, sanitation systems, and housing and municipal services.
- No clearly defined and transparent policy for targeted social assistance related to payments for water, power and heating, and housing and municipal services.
- Domestic and foreign investments not used effectively; no rate policy to ensure profitability of service provision; inadequate institutional and functional potential for collecting payments.
- Declining quality of housing and municipal services and rising inefficient spending.
- Insufficient measures for social sphere and public utility infrastructure development in rural municipalities (jamoats).
- Rural areas have almost no centralized sewage systems or facilities for solid household waste collection and recycling.
- Rapid population growth not matched by sector development.
- Shortage of skilled personnel.

### Sector tasks and institutional reform plans
- Main tasks: (i) implementing institutional reforms in the sector; (ii) attracting private business and investments; (iii) increasing effectiveness and optimizing sector infrastructure performance.
- Institutional reform actions:
  - operational and institutional measures to clarify roles and increase capacities of agencies responsible for policy development and implementation, and drafting relevant laws, standards, programmes and regulatory documents;
  - preparation of necessary legislative and regulatory acts and funds for modernization of electrical power and hydro-mechanical equipment;
  - improving the system for recording water use, installing water meters, and renovating key facilities in centralized heating systems in towns and villages;
  - preparing a conceptual plan for the development of housing stock to provide incentives for private construction activity;
  - analysing the rating system and developing a mechanism for collection of payments for municipal services;
  - preparing a conceptual plan for housing development to coordinate efforts in the sector.

*Source: _cr10104 - 10. Improving personnel training and strengthening the material and technical base of the healthcare system*

### 7. One of the priority tasks of the “water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services”

### 7. One of the priority tasks of the “water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services”

### Water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services — priority tasks
- Strengthen private business efforts and attract investments (task ii).
- Analyse attractiveness of the sector from an investment perspective to evaluate prospects for privatization or restructuring of facilities.
- Prepare proposals regarding providing state support for activities in this sphere.

### Measures to increase effectiveness and optimize sector infrastructure (task 3)
- Drafting or revising and implementing the general local development plans; developing or restoring the public utility infrastructure.
- Promoting public housing construction projects.
- Providing greater access to housing and municipal services for the low-income and socially vulnerable segments of the population.

Expected outcomes:
- Housing and municipal services enterprises will increase incomes.
- The technical expertise of the sector will be restored.
- The collection rates for the public utility payments will be increased.
- The quality of services provided will improve.

Specific infrastructure measures:
- Restore and rebuild the reservoir for the daily regulation of water levels.
- Protect public health zones.
- Restore and rebuild the heating and water supply networks, interior plumbing systems and the water supply systems of towns, district centres and rural localities.
- Restore and rebuild sewage treatment plants; build treatment facilities; and improve sanitation and hygiene conditions.

### Coverage and access outcomes
- Performing these tasks and measures will ensure wider access of the country’s urban population and the rural residents to safe drinking water, sanitation services, and housing and municipal services.

### Promotion of environmental sustainability — relationship to poverty
- Poverty is identified as both the main reason and consequence of global environmental problems (GEF framing).
- Poverty reduction in Tajikistan is the key issue of state policy; existing political/legislative measures do not appropriately cover ecological, poverty, production and social development issues.
- Policies and programmes of most sectors regarding environmental protection have not yet been harmonized.

NDS priorities regarding environmental sustainability:
- To strengthen the institutional capacity on environment in order to promote environmental sustainability.
- To address the issues of natural disasters through prevention and the effective natural resources management.
- To maintain and manage biodiversity and the ecosystem.

### Problems in environmental sustainability of Tajikistan — key findings and figures
- Soil degradation issues: erosion, swamping, deforestation and salinization are driven by climate change and man-made factors.
- Farmlands have been reduced by 4 percent in the country over the last ten years.
- Agricultural water wastes account for by volume 3.3–4.1 km3.
- The percentage of pesticides, nitrate and phosphate in the drainage water currently exceeds the threshold established by regulations (up to 25 percent of nitrogen, 5 percent of phosphate and 4 percent of pesticides).
- Energy crisis in 2007–2008 led to massive forest cutting; the Government has initiated programmes for energy independence, including construction of small HPPs.
- Vehicle growth in Dushanbe: the number of vehicles increased by approximately 125 percent over the last five years; more than 80 percent of which are very old.
- Climate projections (UNFCC): temperatures in the country will rise from 1.8 °C to 2.9 °C by 2050.
- Geographic vulnerability: More than half of the country’s territory consists of mountains, at altitudes of 3,000 m.
- Natural disaster regional impacts (European Commission Aid Department): over the last decade in Central Asia, 2,500 people have died and 5.5 million people (approximately 10 percent of the population) have been injured.
- UNDP Resident Coordinator estimate: natural disasters cause US$ 600 million of damage to Tajikistan annually.
- Natural destruction represents 4.8 percent of the GDP and mainly affects the poor segments of the population.

### Ecological education — proposed measures
- Develop new programmes and teaching manuals on environmental protection and sustainable development in industry, agriculture and services.
- Professional development and re-training of engineers, technical specialists and teachers; training and re-education of professionals whose activity is directly related to the use of natural resources.
- Include the subject “environment and sustainable development” in the curricula of secondary and higher education schools.
- Develop a series of educational presentations on environmental protection and the effective use of natural resources for different groups of the population, including pre-school age children.
- Develop training programmes for journalists and other specialists of mass media to cover environmental issues.

### Action Plans (A–G) — background assessments and Tasks to 2012

A. Waste management — assessment highlights:
- High-elevation ecosystems vulnerable to natural and man-made impacts.
- Territory significantly subjected to natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, mudflows, floods, overbank flow, excessive humidity, rockslides, avalanches).
- Many polymetallic and radioactive mineral storages; constant threat of environmental catastrophe from tailing ponds in districts of high seismicity.
- High risk of environmental catastrophes affecting neighbouring countries.

Tasks to 2012:
- Perform an inventory of the country’s tailing ponds.
- Develop and adopt fiscal (tax, credit and other) regulations to introduce non-waste technology in production.
- Establish a system for the collection and use of solid household wastes, taking into account technology for their processing to generate electricity.
- Rehabilitate the toxic chemical tailing ponds in the districts of Vakhsh and Konibodom, and dispose of outdated toxic chemicals whose use is prohibited.

B. Control over the air quality — context:
- Tajikistan ranks only 150th among more than 200 countries in terms of CO2 exhaust emissions per capita.
- Recent intensive increase in number of vehicles, most of which are very old.

Tasks to 2012:
- Improve and harmonize air protection laws and regulations with the international standards and requirements.
- Develop a system for monitoring the movement of polluting substances and improving the waste control system.
- Carry out scientific and research activities on air protection and establish an on-line system of information exchange and an automated database.

C. Improvement of water resources management — general info:
- Major rivers: Syrdarya, Amudarya (Oxus), Vakhsh, Kofarnihon and Zerafshan Rivers.

Tasks to 2012 — Water resources quality management:
- Develop and apply a single regulatory and methodical documentation on water quality, taking into account international requirements.
- Create a database on the environmental situation of the water resources.

Tasks to 2012 — Prevention of water resources deficit:
- Improve and modernize the water distribution system.
- Develop methods of purifying waste water and drainage water, taking into account their further treatment in water supply facilities.
- Introduce water-efficient irrigation and water-cleaning technology at the national level.

Tasks to 2012 — Improvement of water quality:
- Identify the sources of water pollution.
- Improve the payment system for the use of water and penalties for water pollution and damage caused to water resources.
- Rehabilitate and construct new drainage systems to reduce the level of groundwater and to prevent the secondary salinization of soil.

D. Land management — context:
- Large shares of land subject to water and wind erosion, salinization, man-made desertification, swamping and water pollution by industrial and household wastes.

Tasks to 2012:
- Improve and coordinate legislation on environmental protection to establish institutional conditions to combat desertification.
- Introduce a monitoring system to assess the desertification process and environmental aspects, and support a sustainable mechanism of coordinating activities to combat desertification.
- Rehabilitate degraded pastures and introduce pasture conservation methods.
- Fight against the degradation of arable lands.
- Recultivate lands disturbed by humans.

E. Protection and management of the mountainous ecosystem — context:
- Uncontrollable man-made burden has changed plant composition, reduced phytogenetic resource base, degraded land, expanded weeds in pastureland, increased desertification risk, and altered hydrothermal regimes.

Tasks to 2012:
- Develop and widely apply alternative energy sources in mountainous, populated areas.
- Promote the protection of households, territories and the population from the effect of hazardous geodynamic processes.
- Establish mechanisms for implementing regulatory, legal and economic tools and instruments for natural resources use and mountain areas conservation.
- Rehabilitate and improve the system of monitoring the degradation of the ecosystem of mountainous uplifts/ridges.
- Establish conditions promoting the sustainable use of tourism and the recreational potential of the mountainous areas as well as for organizing ecotourism and agritourism.
- Identify the environmental and economic effectiveness of developing the potential of natural resources in mountainous areas.

F. Climate change — background:
- Observable impacts: rise of temperature and desertification, heavy rains and mudflows, floods in river basins, severe winds and typhoons.

Tasks to 2012:
- Strengthening the Centre for Climate Change Studies.
- Developing the norms necessary for adaptation to climate change.
- Rehabilitating mountainous, river banks and desert forests to strengthen foothills and stabilize the water flow process.
- Rehabilitate the networks of snow measurement stations.

G. Prevention of natural disasters — background figures:
- In Central Asia over the last decade: 2,500 people have died and 5.5 million people (approximately 10 percent of the population) have been injured.
- Natural disasters cause US$ 600 million of damage to Tajikistan annually.
- Damages represent 4.8 percent of the GDP and mainly affect the poor.

Tasks to 2012:
- Planting trees on foothills and areas subject to natural disasters.
- Strengthening the banks of major rivers.

### Promotion of gender equality — key measures and financing
- The Government implemented the State Programme “Training, selection and placement of managerial personnel of the Republic of Tajikistan out of the talented women and girls” for 2007–2016; funds were allocated from the State budget.
- Decree “On the establishment of Presidential grants to develop women’s entrepreneurship for 2008–2010” was adopted to increase women’s economic opportunities.
- TJS 1 million are allocated every year for the implementation of this programme and to strengthen the capacities of the main government agencies to promote gender equality.
- In 2009, financing doubled for the Committee for Family and Women Affairs under the Government.

*Source: _cr10104 - 7. One of the priority tasks of the “water supply, sanitation, and housing and municipal services”*

### 2. Analysis of the current status of gender issues  shows  that  there  are  still problems that hinder

### _cr10104 - 2. Analysis of the current status of gender issues shows that there are still problems that hinder

### Current status and key constraints on gender equality
- Identified problems hindering the real promotion of gender equality:
  - an underdeveloped legislative base to ensure gender equality;
  - a lack of institutional mechanisms of gender policy;
  - inadequate budget funding to support measures to implement gender policy;
  - a lack of models for constant monitoring and evaluation of gender policy;
  - women’s low level of awareness and legal knowledge, and weak competitive abilities;
  - society’s tolerance of violence against women and children;
  - inadequate social partnerships between the government, civil society, the business community, and donors in addressing gender problems.

### Integration of gender issues into the PRS
- The PRS is based on the goals and tasks set forth in the MDGs and the NDS, and calls for measures in all sectors, including those aimed at achieving gender equality.
- Gender issues are included, albeit in a limited way, in sector matrices of the draft PRS:
  - Education: ensuring equal access for boys and girls to basic education.
  - Healthcare: measures to promote equal access to medical services.
  - Improvement of the investment climate, development of the private sector and entrepreneurship: measures to support women’s entrepreneurial activities.
  - Social welfare: issues concerning employment and social welfare for men and women.
- The gender equality matrix in the PRS is expected to help narrow the gender gap if fully implemented.

### Priority tasks and grouped measures to achieve gender equality
- The matrix covers problems to be addressed on a priority basis and groups measures into three main tasks:
  1. Improving the institutional basis for gender policy
  2. Creating of effective mechanisms to promote equal access to resources
  3. Reducing of the level of domestic violence and violence in the society

- Task 1 — Improving the institutional base of gender policy:
  - Study the need for amendments to the law on the civil service and draft relevant by-law documents.
  - Establish an inter-agency coordination body to carry out a functional survey and define specific functions and authorities of agencies responsible for drafting and implementing gender policy.
  - Introduce “soft” quota methods for women in government agencies.
  - Strengthen capacities of women civil service employees.
  - Draft and implement a targeted programme to promote women to management positions.

- Task 2 — Establishing effective mechanisms to expand women’s access to resources:
  - Carry out information campaigns and increase quotas for young women and men from remote regions.
  - Plans to set up education and training centres assuming additional funds can be raised.
  - Conduct expert reviews of curricula and textbooks from a gender perspective to overcome traditional stereotypes.
  - Implement measures to reduce the employment of women in domestic service jobs.

- Task 3 — Reducing all types of violence:
  - Improve information available to the public.
  - Raise the level of gender awareness among law enforcement personnel.
  - Establish a National Analytical Centre under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

- Projected outcomes for 2010–2012 if measures are implemented:
  - increase the percentage of women in public administration;
  - increase the percentage of women among the economically active people;
  - reduce the level of domestic violence and violence in society.

### Financing principles for PRS implementation
- Main financing sources: the state budget, foreign aid and FDIs. The State budget will provide the bulk of the funding.
- Main principles for attracting and using financial resources:
  - Focus on long-term development.
  - The realilty. PRS financing is based on the evaluation of the real opportunity for mobilizing internal resources, attracting foreign aid and FDIs.
  - Prioritization of the expenditures sector. Focus on the most important political sectors to ensure true implementation of the PRS and improve effectiveness of resource use.

### Macroeconomic scenario and major indicators (2010–2012)
- Scenario assumptions:
  - GDP’s annual growth will be at least 5–6.5 percent in 2010–2011 and at least 7 percent in 2012.
  - The inflation rate will be 7 percent.
  - The share of general investments in the statutory capital will be no less than 18 percent of the GDP, on average.
  - If large energy and infrastructure projects are implemented, the proportion of general investments can significantly increase.

- Major indicators of macro-economic development of Tajikistan for 2010–2012 (selected figures preserved as in source):
  - GDP (TJS million): 2009 20,622.8; 2010 24,500.0; 2011 29,400.0; 2012 35,280.0
  - GDP per capita (TJS according to the prices of relevant years): 2009 2,759.3; 2010 3,217.0; 2011 3,778.2; 2012 4,439.0
  - GDP real growth rate (%): 2009 3.4; 2010 5.0; 2011 6.5; 2012 7.0
  - Average annual inflation (%): 2009 5.0; 2010 7.0; 2011 7.0; 2012 7.0
  - Export of products and services against the GDP (%): 2009 28.3; 2010 26.7; 2011 30.5; 2012 33.1
  - Import of products and services against the GDP (%): 2009 53.5; 2010 58.8; 2011 66.6; 2012 60.2
  - Broad financial indicators against the GDP (%): 2009 11.2; 2010 23.2; 2011 22.5; 2012 20.2
  - Total investments in the statutory capital against the GDP (%): 2009 18.1; 2010 18.4; 2011 17.0; 2012 17.5
  - The State Budget Revenue against the GDP (%): 2009 26.9; 2010 26.7; 2011 26.8; 2012 26.1
  - The State Budget Expenditure (excluding the State Investment Programme – State Investment Programme) against the GDP (%): 2009 27.4; 2010 27.7; 2011 27.3; 2012 26.6
  - Profit/deficit of the state budget (excluding SIP) (%): 2009 -0.4; 2010 -1.0; 2011 -0.5; 2012 -0.5
  - Broad indicators for the deficit of the state budget against the GDP (%): 2009 5.9; 2010 9.4; 2011 7.4; 2012 6.4
  - Government external debt against the GDP (%): 2009 35.0; 2010 38.1; 2011 38.0; 2012 32.3
  - Repayment of the external debt against the GDP (%): 2009 0.5; 2010 20.5; 2011 70.49; 2012 0.41

### State budget and investment programming
- Anticipated State budget revenue as a share of GDP: 2010 26.7 percent; 2011 26.8 percent; 2012 26.1 percent.
- Financing to cover the PRS deficit will prioritize privileged loans or grants and aim to reduce macro-economic instability.
- The Government intends to increase expenditures for PRS sectors financed by the state budget, covering both national and local budgets and increasing financing in local authority budgets.
- Government focus to develop the economy and encourage private investments in energy, transportation, production, processing and sale of agricultural output, particularly cotton; co-financing of investment projects in certain cases on an equal co-partnership principle.

### State Investment Programme (SIP), Centralized Investment Programme (CIP), and investment shares
- SIPs funded by foreign aid and the CIP funded by the internal budget remain main tools and will be harmonized with PRS key policy directions.
- SIP investment shares (selected figures):
  - An investment equal to 4.3 percent of the GDP (preliminary information) was invested out of the SIP funds in 2009.
  - Anticipated SIP level of investments for 2011–2012: 6.6, 10.5 percent and 8.5 percent of the GDP accordingly.
- Prospect of the distribution of the State Investments Programme funds (selected figures preserved):
  - Total SIP, in percentage against the state budget expenditures: 2010 50.4; 2011 39.7; 2012 33.6
  - Energy: 2010 11.0; 2011 11.7; 2012 10.4
  - Transport: 2010 15.0; 2011 12.7; 2012 8.7
  - Education: 2010 2.8; 2011 3.8; 2012 3.0
  - Health care: 2010 5.0; 2011 1.2; 2012 1.2

### Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF), PRS costs and financing gaps
- Expected MTBF for 2010–2012: US$ 820 million annually, which is 5.1 percent of the GDP (1.5 percent of the overall cost of the PRS programmes).
- Total cost of the PRS programme: US$ 10,976.9 million, including US$ 1,914.1 million of external privileged loans and grants.
- Funds approved at time of document: US$ 2,875.5 million, including:
  - US$ 935.8 million out of the budget funds,
  - US$ 1,139.7 million out of the SIP,
  - US$ 800.0 million out of the FDI.
- Estimates on the distribution of the MTP funds (selected percentages against the state budget expenditures):
  - The MTP – total: 2010 18.6; 2011 19.9; 2012 17.6
  - Energy: 2010 10.2; 2011 12.8; 2012 11.5
  - Education: 2010 1.9; 2011 1.7; 2012 1.5
  - Healthcare: 2010 0.4; 2011 0.4; 2012 0.4

- Financial gap and planned mobilization:
  - Financial needs not yet allocated: US$ 8,242.5 million.
  - Plans to attract US$ 774.5 million of privileged external aid within the SIP and US$ 7,153.1 million within the framework of FDI to cover the gap.
  - The additional needs are 65.2 percent of the total amount of the programme.
  - The main source to cover the deficit of the programme is FDI.

### Allocation and accounting of development partner funds
- All funds provided by development partners for poverty reduction, especially investment funds, are to be accounted for in the state budget and used to implement measures outlined in the matrix of activities of this PRS.

*Source: _cr10104 - 2. Analysis of the current status of gender issues shows that there are still problems that hinder (PDF chapter/section).*

### 10.1 m

### _cr10104 - 10.1 m

### Development financing — infrastructure, communications, energy, industry (selected line items and totals)
- Development of transportation:
  - 10.1 m
  - 0/200,000
  - 200,000
  - 9.9 m (0/9.9 m)
  - 9.9 m
  - 98.0
  - 98.0
- Development of communications:
  - 721.4 m
  - 44.5m
  - 347.4 m (300.0m/47.4m)
  - 391.9 m
  - 288.0 m (288.0m/0)
  - 41.5 m
  - 329.5 m
  - 40.0
  - 5.7
  - 45.7
  - 4.9 m
  - 2.9 m (2.47m/430,000)
  - 2.9 m
  - 2.0 m (0/2.0 m)
  - 2.0 m
  - 40.8
  - 40.8
- Development of energy:
  - 3,501.6 m
  - 69.4m
  - 339.2 m (313.7 m/25.5 m)
  - 658.5 m
  - 1,067.1m
  - 322.5 m (309.9m / 12.6m)
  - 2,112.0 m
  - 2,434.5m
  - 9.2
  - 60.3
  - 69.5
- Development of industry:
  - 5,303.1 m
  - 303.0m
  - 141.5m
  - 444.5m
  - 4,858.6m
  - 91.6
  - 91.6
- Total for development of infrastructure, communications, energy and industry:
  - 9,531.0m
  - 416.9m
  - 689.5m (616.2m/73.3m)
  - 800.0m
  - 1,906.4m
  - 612.6m (597.9m/14.6m)
  - 7,012.1m
  - 7,624.6m
  - 6.4
  - 73.6
  - 80.0

### Food security and agriculture; other sectoral allocations (selected figures)
- Food security and development of the agricultural sector:
  - 507.5m
  - 84.7m
  - 345.7m
  - 430.4m
  - 77.1m
  - 77.1m
  - 15.2
  - 15.2

### Education, Science, Health, Social protection, Water, Environment, Gender (selected line items)
- Development of Education sector:
  - 310.5m
  - 68.6 m
  - 69.7m
  - 138.3m
  - 172.2m
  - 172.2m
  - 55.5
  - 55.5
- Development of Science sector:
  - 14.0m
  - 4.45m
  - 4.45m
  - 9.55m
  - 9.55m
  - 68.2
  - 68.2
- Total in Education and Science Sector:
  - 324.5m
  - 73.05m
  - 69.7m
  - 142.75m
  - 181.75m
  - 181.75m
  - 56.0
  - 56.0
- Development of the healthcare system:
  - 325.6m
  - 309.9m
  - 15.7m
  - 325.6m
- Development of the social welfare:
  - 50.55m
  - 1.37m
  - 14.08m
  - 15.45m
  - 35.1m
  - 35.1m
  - 69.4
- Expansion of access to water supply, sanitation and housing and municipal services:
  - 90.9m
  - 1.0m
  - 1.0m
  - 88.9m
  - 89.9m
  - 1.1
  - 97.8
  - 98.9
- Promotion of environmental sustainability:
  - 61.0m
  - 2.5m
  - 9.6m
  - 12.1m
  - 20.0m
  - 28.9m
  - 48.9m
  - 32.7
  - 47.3
  - 80
- Promotion of gender equality:
  - 2.2m
  - 164,000
  - 735,000
  - 899,000
  - 1.3m (0/1.3m)
  - 1.3m
  - 59.1
  - 59.1

### PRS financing totals and summary figures
- Total expenditures on the PRS:
  - 10,951.1m
  - 891.94m
  - 1,157.74 m
  - 800.0
  - 2,849.7m
  - 314.95m
  - 774.4m
  - 7,012.1
  - 8,101.4m
  - 2.9
  - 7.1
  - 64.0
  - 74.0
- Financing modality notes (from table structure):
  - Budget, Foreign aid/financing, Total columns used to present needs and coverage.
  - Some project entries presented as pairs "(cred./gr.)" or "(x/y)" indicating credit/grant splits or component breakdowns.

### PRS funding approach (narrative points)
- The PRS will be primarily funded by the State budget; the Medium-term Budget Programme (MBP) aligns the state budget to NDS/PRS priorities.
- Sectoral approach accepted in NDS/PRS requires the MBP to be based on sectoral distribution of the state budget.

### Monitoring and Evaluation of the PRS — institutional arrangements and principles (paragraphs 1–24)
- Purpose and role of monitoring and evaluation:
  - Track progress towards PRS goals, identify positive experience and problems, analyse development processes within PRS, develop proposals to adjust poverty reduction policies.
  - MES (PRS Monitoring and Evaluation System) provides transparent and direct feedback, transparency and accountability.
- Institutional arrangements:
  - National Development Council (NDC) under the President established by Presidential Decree No. 355 of 19 December 2007; membership approved by Decision No. 122/10-4 of 2 March 2009; President appointed Chairman.
  - Government coordinates practical PRS implementation activities; MBF and annual budgets to be consistent with PRS goals.
  - Lower Assembly of the Parliament called on to draft legislation reflecting PRS measures and to consider PRS goals in budget review and approval.
  - Ministry of Economic Development and Trade appointed responsible authority for conducting monitoring and evaluation by Decree No. 216 of 2 May 2008.
  - Ministries, departments and government agencies have established special structures (directorates, departments, units) for sectoral monitoring and evaluation.
- Fundamental principles of PRS monitoring and evaluation (paragraph 8):
  - Independence of evaluation process
  - Transparency and accountability
  - Focus on results
  - Use of the latest monitoring methods by PRS priorities
  - Involvement of Parliament, executive government authorities at all levels, local self-government bodies and development partners
- MES components and data systems:
  - Quantitatively defined PRS goals form MES structure; system of indicators measures progress.
  - Data collection subsystem for monitoring indicator values and other quantitative and qualitative information is key.
  - Other MES components: system for analysing collected information; system for disseminating monitoring results and collecting feedback; institutional and financial support for MES functioning.
  - PRS goals fully incorporate the MDGs.
  - Monitoring indicators cover all PRS policy directions, resource types, and results; monitoring uses baseline and target indicators at country and, where possible, regional level.
  - Data collection frequency: indicators updated at least once a year; measures to reduce time to publish indicator values (poverty rate and other poverty indicators).
  - Statistical agencies have central role; capacities to be reinforced with support from international development organizations.
  - Ministries and departments to prepare state budget expenditure information under PRS components for MBF and annual budget; formats adapted to PRS monitoring needs.
- Roles and responsibilities:
  - Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (NDC Secretariat competent body) functions include establishing legislative basis, organising monitoring and evaluation processes, drafting regulatory acts, integrating results into Strategy, preparing annual PRS implementation reports, coordinating MES participants and dialogue with development partners, disseminating monitoring information, and providing full information on foreign assistance.
  - Statistical structures and relevant ministries/agencies are main sources of monitoring data and provide expert support on data collection methodologies.
  - Special monitoring and evaluation units in specialized ministries coordinate data collection and present integrated sector results; link departmental and statistical data to state budget execution, PIP, CSIP, and independent studies; prepare regular sector reports.
  - Lower Assembly of the Parliament actively involved; annual government PRS implementation reports presented to Lower Assembly together with annual state budget.
  - Local government authorities organize regional data collection, analyse regional PRS progress, and prepare proposals for policy and implementation improvements; they will discuss monitoring results with ministries, local communities and civil society.
  - Civil society participation: dissemination of PRS information, participation in PRS monitoring and consultative processes, ensuring transparency and accountability, conducting research (particularly in areas not covered by official statistics), providing local perception data via jamoats.
- Integration with donor-supported projects:
  - Monitoring of donor-supported projects integrated into overall monitoring system to increase effectiveness and strengthen MES.
  - Capacity strengthening for all MES participants; additional donor funds and increased government resources earmarked for monitoring needs.

*Source: _cr10104 - 10.1 m*

### 25.  The  appropriate  amount  of  funding  of  the  monitoring  system  will  be  provided  through  the

### _cr10104 - 25.  The  appropriate  amount  of  funding  of  the  monitoring  system  will  be  provided  through  the

### Funding and donor support
- The appropriate amount of funding of the monitoring system will be provided through the state budget.
- Donor funds will be allocated for investments in the human and organizational capacities of the MES.
- Support will be provided for donor efforts to develop the capacities of civil society in monitoring and evaluation.

### Legal and institutional framework for the MES
- The MES structure, functions and mechanism will be detailed in the relevant regulatory act:
  - Decree No. 216 of 2 May 2008 “On Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the Medium-Term Poverty Reduction Strategy in the Republic of Tajikistan”.

### Government and donor measures to establish an effective MES
- The Government, together with donor organizations, will undertake a number of measures to establish an effective MES, including:
  - training of personnel capacities on the monitoring and evaluation system;
  - analysis of the key aspects of the current system and development of a system for the management of the PRS results;
  - establishment of the special monitoring and evaluation units in the ministries, agencies and local authorities in the regions.

### Excerpts from Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010–12 (selected operational tasks and indicators)
- Governance and public administration reforms (selected tasks):
  - 1.1.1 Establishment of a body on reform and development, as well as a body on administrative and territorial development in EOP of the RT with a precisely defined mandate. Indicator: Whether the body on Reform and development established or not. Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.2 Permit the body for reform and development to lead the process in restructuring the state administration system on the basis of functional reviews. Indicator: Whether the body on reform and development led the process of restructuring the state administration system on the basis of conducted functional reviews. Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.3 Development of a coordination plan for the functional review process. Indicator: Plan developed. Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.5 Development and introduction of the pilot method of implementation reform. Indicator: The pilot method on implementation of reform developed and introduced (centralization of institutional, financial and intellectual capacities for solving the pirority problems). Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.6 Testing of the pilot mechanisms of management by concrete demonstration projects. Indicator: Pilot mechanisms tested. Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.7 Conducting of analysis on the effectiveness of pilot methods of reform implementation. Indicator: The analysis of the effectiveness of pilot methods of reform implementation conducted. Timing: EOP.
  - 1.1.8 Identification of responsible persons for developing and conducting reform in ministries. Indicator: Responsible persons for conducting reform identified. Timing: EOP.

- Information systems and legal information (selected tasks and financing lines):
  - 1.4.1 Identification of basic information needs in the field of development and implementation of state policy at all levels of government. Output: Report on the progress is submitted and practical recommendations prepared. Implementor: GoT.
  - 1.4.2 Development and adoption of the strategy on information capacity, including capacity of information and technological management systems for developing fact-based policy and monitoring. Indicator: Whether the strategy adopted or not. Value shown in source: 0
  - 1.4.3 Testing the methods for information collection and processing; establishment of an electronic information centre, and development and implementation of analysing methods in the main fields of policy. Indicator: Whether the envisaged plan implemented or not. Implementor: GoT.
  - 1.5.1 Establishment and promotion of centralized Tajikistan legal information Database by the Ministry of Justice. Indicator: Whether the level of legal awareness of population on public administration increased or not. Implementor: Moj. Financial figures shown: 72,00000072,000
  - 1.6.1 Official publication of unified State Catalogue on regulatory and legal acts of the Republic of Tajikistan. Indicator: Whether the level of legal awareness of civil servants and provision of effective public administration increased or not. Implementor: MoJ. Financial figures shown: 14,00000014,000

- Public administration restructuring, regulatory simplification and property management (selected tasks):
  - 2.1.1 Conducting of a thorough functional review of all ministries and agencies. Outputs: Whether the report on progress and practical recommendations submitted or not. Implementors: EOP, GoT.
  - 2.1.2 Development of a timeframe (matrixes) for separating ministries from state enterprises, which are not included in the privatization programme. Indicator: Whether timeframe matrixes prepared and approved or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 2.1.3 Implementation of separation plan of ministries from state enterprises, which are not included to privatization program. Indicator: Whether the relevant decrees adopted or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 2.2.1 While developing laws, implementation of the formal analysis of economic consequence of state regulation and assessment of newly established functions with the aim of avoiding duplication and unnecessary state intervention for economy. Indicator: Whether the relevant legislative documents adopted or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 2.2.2 Restructuring of the inspection bodies at all levels of public administration in accordance with new legislation. Indicator: Whether the relevant decrees adopted or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.

- Public finance management and budgeting (selected tasks):
  - 3.1.1 Development of a review on the consequences of state budget disbursement on the current expenditures budget and on the development budget. Indicator: Whether the review prepared or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 3.1.2 Implementation of budget distribution by taking into account the outcomes of review. Indicator: Whether the regulatory materials and other guidance documents developed and introduced. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 3.1.3 Introduction of the practice of conducting compulsory analysis of financial, budget and taxation implications of political decrees. Indicator: Whether in the agenda of the activity of state bodies the guidance on necessity of availability of experts' opinion on financial implications used or not. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 3.1.10 Linking part of the budget to measures (effective measures) to education and healthcare (per capita funding) on a pilot basis. Output: Improved implementation of a expenditure part of budget due to the budget planning system change. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
  - 3.1.11 Linking the expenditure part of budget for effective measures in education and health at all levels of public administration and local self-governance, taking into consideration the division of the authorities in this sector (comprehensive implementation until the end of 2015). Output: Improved implementation of a expenditure part of budget due to the budget planning system change. Implementors: EOP, GOT.

- Civil service reform and human resources (selected tasks):
  - 4.1.1 Organization of the Civil Servants' Catalogue and database. Output: Operational Civil Servants Register and Information Center. Implementors: EOP, GOT, CSD.
  - 4.2.1 Development of a unified salary scale of national civil servants. Output: The unified salary scale of civil servants of Tajikistan is developed and introduced on a pilot basis. Implementors: MoF, MoL&SP, CSD.
  - 4.2.2 Monetization of all types of payment. Output: All payments are fully monetarized. Implementors: EOP, GoT, CSD.
  - 4.3.1 Development and improvement of the capacity of the Civil Servants Professional Development Institute (CSPDI). Output: CSPDI is equipped with modern material and technical equipments, CSPDI staff are fully trained on basic skills and are using these skills. Implementors: GoT, CSD, ICST.
  - 4.4.1 Strengthening of supervision functions (monitoring and assessment) for the development of the civil service. Output: Regulatory document on allocation supervision functions is developed and adopted. Implementors: EOP, GOT, CSD.

*Source: _cr10104 - 25.  The  appropriate  amount  of  funding  of  the  monitoring  system  will  be  provided  through  the*

### 3. Increase the

### 3. Increase the effectiveness of state funds management

### 3.5 Distributing funds among different levels of administrative bodies
- Distributed revenues between different levels of administration, taking into account the distribution of competences.
- Measure: Prepared mechanism for determining the effectiveness of the salary scale (4.1).
- Related outputs: Improvement of the information collection and processing process, and development of mechanisms for determining the effectiveness of salary scale (connected to responsibility).
- Indicator: Share of civil servants who were trained on the new principles of management (4.3).
- Indicator: Share of civil servants who were trained by CSPDI and State Service Department (4.4).

### 4 Organization of modern professional public services
- 4.1 Improvement of information collection/processing and mechanisms for salary scale effectiveness; linkage to responsibility.
- 4.2 Increase admission of personnel to civil services; increase interest in civil service as an employer in the labour market.
- 4.3 Development of basic skills of human resources management in the civil service system.
- 4.4 Training outputs: share of civil servants trained by CSPDI and State Service Department.
- 4.5 Increasing the justification and transparency of state employees’ actions:
  - 4.5.1 Improvement of the Code of Conduct of Civil Servants and establishment of commissions on professional behaviour.
    - Output: New Code of Conduct of Civil Servants is developed and adopted. Implementors: GoT, CSD.
  - 4.5.2 Strengthening of institutional mechanisms to combat corruption at all levels of state agencies and local self-governance bodies.
    - Output: The regulatory document on strengthening institutional mechanisms to combat corruption is adopted; the level of corruption among employees at all levels is reduced. Implementors: GoT, CSD.
  - Indicator: 4.5 The level of corruption among civil servants at all levels of government agencies (according to the public poll information).

### 5 Improving administrative and territorial management
- 5.1 The competences of local authorities are expanded by providing them according to developed functional classification for each level.
  - 5.1.1 Conduct a functional review of all local state management levels to determine duplication and new functions.
    - Output: A functional review is conducted. Implementors: EOP, GOT, ACEC, General Prosecutor’s Office, CSD.
  - 5.1.2 Begin implementation of recommendations on the functional review; functions of local state management bodies are expanded and specified. Implementor: EOP, GoT.
  - 5.1.3 Development of a functional classification for every level of the local state authorities. Implementor: EOP, GoT.
  - 5.1.4 Constant consultations with ministries and local authorities; consultations regularly conducted. Implementor: EOP, GoT.
  - 5.1.5–5.1.7 Legal review and introduction of changes to legislative documents; allocation of roles according to the subsidiary principle. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
- 5.2 Harmonization of local authorities systems through granting relevant authorities:
  - 5.2.1–5.2.7 Measures to share MoL&SP experience, harmonize subordination and service systems, develop internet information lists, monitor and disseminate best practices, develop and pilot dispute settlement mechanisms. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - Output examples: Action plans implemented; lists and programmes approved.
- 5.3 Administrative and territorial division changes:
  - 5.3.1 Establishment of a body on administrative and territorial development under the EOP RT. Output: body established. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 5.3.2–5.3.4 Development of relevant factors, adoption of new draft law on administrative and territorial division, expansion of local self-governance level. Outputs: factors developed; Law adopted; Resolution adopted. Implementor: EOP, GoT.

### 6 Development of the local self-governance system
- 6.1 Relevant regulatory and legal documents are adopted; strengthening government level closest to population.
  - 6.1.1 Development of a new draft law on local self-governance and consultations; output: draft law developed. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.1.2 Implementation of a new state Law on local self-governance; output: law implemented. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.1.3 Monitoring of its implementation; output: Monitoring is conducted. Implementors: EOP, GOT.
- 6.2 Development of capacity of local self-governance:
  - 6.2.1 Development of a national programme for building capacities of local councils (jamoats) on self-governance; output: programme developed. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.2.2 Development and implementation of a national programme on capacity building of local self-governance bodies; output: National Programme developed and will be implemented. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.2.3 Support for initiative on organizing local self-governance associations; output: Resolution adopted. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - Indicator: 6.2 The number of local self-governance bodies staff who were trained.
- 6.3–6.5 Functional specification, financing and property rights:
  - 6.3.1–6.3.2 Determine and grant functions and authorities to local self-governance bodies; outputs: functions determined and allocated. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.4.1–6.4.4 Develop a new system of local self-governance financing (local taxes and fees, property income, state transfers formula); outputs: financing system developed, report and practical recommendations submitted, resolution adopted, financing system introduced. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.5 Granting the right to property ownership to local-self-governance bodies:
    - 6.5.1 Inventory of jamoats property and granting necessary property; output: An inventory was performed; owners of property are identified. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
- 6.6 Strengthening of civil society's role in local self-governance:
  - 6.6.1 Development and implementation of a national programme for strengthening civil society's role in local self-governance issues; output: programme developed and will be implemented. Implementor: EOP, GOT.
  - 6.6.2 Development of legislative framework for public self-acting bodies (such as mahalla); output: Relevant draft laws are developed. Implementor: EOP, GOT.

- TOTAL: 86,000 86,000

### 1 Preserving macro-economic sustainability — Improvement of the budget and tax policy (selected measures and funding)
- 1.1 Budget process and MTEF:
  - 1.1.1 Step-by-step introduction of MTEF; output: MTEF introduced in education and healthcare sectors.
  - 1.1.2 Improve management of state investments; harmonize SIP and CIP with state budget, MTEF and PRS.
    - Implementors: MOF, MEDT. Funding: 300,000 00 0
  - 1.1.3 Restructure budget process in education; MOE manages 2010 education sector budget according to PRS priorities.
    - Implementors: MOF, MEDT. Funding: 50,00000 50,000
  - 1.1.4–1.1.9 Develop sector expenditure plans and medium-term sectoral limits; outputs: Plans developed; Budget for 2010-12 developed. Funding examples: 10,00000 10,000; 60,00000 60,000.
  - 1.1.10 Conduct reform on salaries of state-funded bodies’ employees; output: Relevant regulatory and legal document adopted, including increase in salaries of social sector employees. Implementors: MoL&SW, MOF, MOE, MOH.
  - 1.1.11 Practical application of mechanism for analysis/accounting of budget expenditures from tax and customs privileges; funding: 40,00000 40,000.
  - 1.1.13 Development and start of implementation of internal state financial supervision strategy; funding: 300,00000 300,000.
  - 1.1.14 Implementation of the external debt management project; funding: 600,0000 600,000 (donor: SECO).
  - 1.1.16 Provision of investment and restoration of inactive debts to state-owned enterprises; funding: 20,00000 20,000.
- 1.2 Tax policy and administration:
  - 1.2.1 Awareness activities for entrepreneurs on tax legislation; funding: 100,00000 100,000.
  - 1.2.2 Depreciation policy enabling restoration of state enterprises' assets; funding: 20,00000 20,000.
  - 1.2.3 Planning of tax inspections and improvement of legal framework; funding: 60,00000 60,000.
  - 1.2.4 Implementation of a project for restructuring public finance management; funding: 4,000,0004,000,000.
  - 1.2.5 Improvement of tax administration: programme developed and being implemented; target: Tax revenues are increasing by 10% every year.
    - Implementors: Tax Committee, MOF, MEDT, Investment Committee. Funding/donors: 12,500,00000 WB, USAID 12,500,000.
  - 1.2.6 Continued simplification of tax administration via electronic declarations:
    - Output: Up to 70% of value-added tax declarations are received electronically; this system will be used in 70% of tax inspections.
    - Funding: 4,500,00000 4,500,000.

### 2 Financial sector and banking measures (selected items with funding)
- 2.1 Restructuring of Government debt before NBT to market-level long-term obligations; funding: 20,00000 20,000.
- 2.2 Strengthening electronic payment system with plastic cards; funding: 4,500,000 00 4,500,000.
- 2.3 Introduction of unified electronic foreign currency exchange system in inter-bank market; funding: 200,00000 200,000.
- 2.8 Promotion of microfinance and expansion of bank branches in remote areas; funding: 7,947,0001,478,0006,469,000 ADB 0.
- 2.9 Microfinance project under implementation; funding: 440,00040,000400,000 IDB 0.
- 2.10 Small business microfinance project; funding: NBT 2,622,00000 2,622,000.
- 2.11 Development and adoption of laws on currency regulation and anti–money laundering/terrorism funding; funding: 100,00050,0000 50,000.

### 3 Institutional reviews, PRS integration and monitoring
- 3.1.1 Conduct functional review of state agencies and NBT responsible for macro-economic policy; funding: EOP 500,00000 500,000.
- 3.1.2 Review ongoing programmes, concepts, strategies and plans per NDS/PRS standards; funding: GoT 1,000,00000 1,000,000.
- 3.1.3 Analysis of regulatory/legal framework and institutional review to integrate NDS and PRS into national system; funding: MEDT, MOF, MOJ 300,00000 300,000.
- 3.1.4 Calculation of all financial tools of PRS, including foreign aid; establish and maintain database about foreign aid; funding: EOP, SCI, Other Agencies 200,00000 200,000.
- 3.1.5 Annual assessment of expenditures, including foreign aid and PRS implementation results; develop and implement recommendations; funding: EOP, GOT, SCI, MEDT 300,0000 0 300,000.

*Source: Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12 (content unit: _cr10104 - 3. Increase the)*

### 1. Preserving macro-

### 1. Preserving macro-economic sustainability

### Regulatory and institutional reforms for macroeconomic coordination
- 3.Carrying out of institutional reform
- 3.1.Regulatory and legal documents aimed at performing macroeconomic coordination policy
- Measures and outputs:
  - 3.1.6. Completion of the assessment of financial resources (within the limit of funds) necessary for implementing NDS measures
    - Indicator of outcomes: The amount of financial expenditures for implementation of NDS measures is identified.
    - Implementors: MOF, MEDT, SCI
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 1,000,00000 1,000,000
  - 3.1.7. Capacity building of the central monitoring and assessment structure of the NDS/PRS implementation process. Promotion of the establishment of the regulatory and legal basis framework for monitoring and assessment
    - Indicator of outcomes: The structure is organized. The necessary regulatory basis for monitoring and assessment is created; a report on monitoring and assessment will be developed according to the approved schedule.
    - Implementor: EOP
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000
  - 3.1.8. Organization and operation of regional units for the monitoring and assessment of the implementation process of NDS and PRS (within ministries, departments and local authorities)
    - Indicator of outcomes: Structures are established; coordination is introduced; the report on monitoring and assessment will be developed according to the approved schedule.
    - Implementors: EOP, MEDT, MOF, Other Agencies
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 1,000,000001,000,000

### Statistics, measurement and reporting capacity
- 3.1.9. Implementation of a project for improving the national statistics system: the project on improving statistics on poverty, employment and the national accounts system (NAS)
  - Indicator of outputs: The review of living standards is conducted according to the approved methodology; The review of employment level is conducted according to the approved methodology; NAS development methodology, including GDP calculation is improved
  - Implementors: SSC, MEDT
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 4,395,000792,0003,603,0000,838 EBRD; 2,765- DFID, SIDA
- 3.1.10. Development of the methodology on observable economic measurement and informal employment
  - Indicator of outputs: Methods are developed and proposed.
  - Implementor: SSC
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 91,0000091,000
- 3.1.11. Increasing of the reporting potential of the state sector
  - Indicator of outputs: Additional measures are introduced in the area of reporting.
  - Implementor: SSC
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 295,0000295,000
  - Donor listed: Japanese Government
- 3.1.12. Capacity building of state structures responsible for macro-economic policy implementation
  - Indicator of outputs: The percentage of state structure and NBT specialists trained
  - Implementors: MEDT, MOF, SSC, NBT
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 1,151,49501,151,495
  - Donor listed: EC
- 3.1.13. Improvement in the professional skills and knowledge of tax agencies’ employees.
  - Indicator of outcomes: Up to 15 percent of the total number of employees have attended professional development training.
  - Implementors: TAX COMMITTEE, MOF
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,00000200,000
- Aggregate line in matrix: TOTAL43,625(€0,850m)2,3611,367(€0,80m)0 49,161,49533,783,000

### Investment climate and private sector development
- PRS Goals: Increase private sector's contribution in GDP up to 66%
- 1.1.Regulatory and legal documents are improved — Implementation of sectoral reform
  - 1.1.1 Strengthening of the role of the Committee, which the Government appointed as the body authorized for investment and the protection of state support for entrepreneurs
    - Output: The relevant resolution is adopted.
    - Implementor: SCI
  - 1.1.2 Enhancement of the Committee’s potential to determine the attractiveness of the investment climate and entrepreneurship development according to indicators of the international rating on “Doing Business”
    - Output: The relevant resolution is adopted.
    - Implementor: SCI
  - 1.1.3 Strengthening of the Committee’s relationship with local authorities, businesses, investors and international organizations
    - Output: Relationships with relevant agencies have been strengthened.
    - Implementor: SCI
  - 1.1.4 Conducting of an inventory of state property within the country
    - Output: Reports with recommendations are submitted.
    - Implementor: SCI
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 2,600,000002,600,000
- 1.2.Structural framework of investment and entrepreneurship is improved
  - 1.2.1 Introduction and development of a transparent and effective customs control mechanism
    - Output: A transparent and effective mechanism is introduced.
    - Implementor: Customs Committee
  - 1.2.2 Coordination of legislation on intellectual property in compliance with the requirements of World Trade Organization’s (WTO) on the protection of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)
    - Output: Relevant laws are developed and adopted
    - Implementor: Customs Committee
    - Funding line: 0
  - 1.2.3 Conducting of research on the annual calculation of indicators used for determining the country’s international rating on entrepreneurship and the investment climate
    - Output: Reports and recommendations for calculation of indicators are submitted.
    - Implementors: SCI, SSC
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,00000200,000
  - 1.2.4 Conducting of general statistical research on small enterprises once every five years and introduction of simplified procedures for developing their statistics reports in the medium period of registration
    - Output: Relevant regulatory and legal documents are adopted.
    - Implementors: SSC, SCI, Local Authorities
    - Funding line: 0
- Targets and measures to increase private investments:
  - PRS Goal: Increase amount of attracted private investments (except the investments in priority sectors) by10% annually
  - Selected measures (2.1–2.5) include legal/regulatory harmonization, unified mechanisms for project fund use, investor forums, an investment information catalogue, IAC establishment, investment mapping, monitoring of permit procedures, tariff and customs policy improvements, National Quality Infrastructure Development Strategy, laws on Standardization and Compliance Assessment, establishment of industrial platforms, tourism development, competition “The best entrepreneur of the year”, legal entity status for dehkan farms, rehabilitation of large infrastructure enterprises, extension and analysis of privatization Strategic plan, long-term renting of state-owned idle buildings, monitoring and support of privatized enterprises, new transparent privatization procedures, and staff motivation mechanisms.
  - Aggregate funding line for these measures: TOTAL 2,800,000

### Trade policy, regional cooperation and WTO accession
- PRS Goals: Development of regional cooperation and integration into the global economy
  - Objective: 1. Increase of foreign trade will constitute 45.7% in 2012, including through diversification of imports
  - Objective: 2. Completing accession of RT into WTO by the end of 2012
- Institutional reform and foreign economic activity management (1.1)
  - 1.1.1 Conducting of a functional review of institutes that determines policy on economic and foreign trade activities
    - Output: The functional review is developed.
    - Implementors: MEDT, CUSTOMS COMMITTEE, TAX COMMITTEE, NBT, MOF
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 50,00000
  - 1.1.2 Further improvement of acting legislation and its harmonization with international regulatory and legal documents
    - Output: The acting legislation is harmonized with international regulatory and legal documents.
    - Implementors: MEDT, MOJ, Other agencies
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,00000500,000
  - 1.1.3 Development of a draft law on special measures to protect, prevent anti-dumping and compensate goods import
    - Output: The law is adopted. Mechanisms for using special measures were created to protect, prevent anti-dumping and import substitution
    - Implementors: MEDT, OTHER AGENCIES
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 30,0000030,000
  - 1.1.4 Further improvement of current legislation in the sphere of intellectual property
    - Output: A legislative basis is created that regulates mutual relationships in trading the intellectual property rights
    - Implementors: MEDT, OTHER AGENCIES
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 50,0000050,000
  - 1.1.5 Development of a draft Law on permit issuance procedure in the country
    - Output: The Law is adopted. The permit issuance procedure is improved in the country.
    - Implementors: SCI, MEDT, MOJ, OTHER AGENCIES
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 20,0000020,000
  - 1.1.7 Establishment of information and marketing centres to promote trade (WTO Information Center and Entrepreneurship Initiative Support Center)
    - Implementor: MEDT with other relevant ministries and agencies
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000
- WTO accession and trade capacity (2.1)
  - 2.1.1 Conducting of an analysis on the consequences of accession of Tajikistan into the WTO by using the World Bank model
    - Implementors: MEDT, Other Agencies
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,00000500,000
  - 2.1.2 Organization of working group meetings to discuss the entrance of Tajikistan into WTO in Geneva
    - Implementors: MEDT, MFA
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,00000500,000
  - 2.1.3 Conducting of a bilateral meeting with the WTO member states concerning the entrance into the goods market and servicing of the Republic of Tajikistan
    - Implementors: MEDT, MFA
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,00000500,000
  - 2.1.5 Capacity building of bodies concerned with the issues of intellectual property rights protection
    - Implementors: MEDT, МК
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 250,00000250,000
  - 2.1.6 Improvement of the potential of those bodies that implement policy on technical regulations, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures
    - Implementors: MEDT, MOAG, MOH
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 5,000,00005,000,000
  - 2.1.9 Improved potential of the Department of Cooperation with WTO of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
    - Output: Citizens of Tajikistan are informed about Government actions concerning problems of Tajikistan's entrance into WTO.
    - Implementors: MEDT, OTHER AGENCIES
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 1,000,000001,000,000
- Regional cooperation and transit (2.2)
  - 2.2.1 Development of cooperation on the effective use of water and energy resources and carbohydrate resources, settling transit issues, and transit of electricity to region’s countries
    - Output: Relevant international agreements are ratified and implemented.
    - Implementors: MOE&I, MEDT, MFA
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 50,0000050,000
  - 2.2.2 Improvement of the regulatory legal and institutional basis for the development of regional trade and coordination of trade formalities
    - Implementors: MEDT, CUSTOMS COMMITTEE, TAX COMMITTEE
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,00000200,000
  - 2.2.3 Completion of the entrance process to the Customs Union within the framework of EurAzEC
    - Implementors: MEDT, CUSTOMS COMMITTEE
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000
  - 2.2.9 Establishment of an international energy consortium
    - Implementor: MOE&I
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,00000500,000
  - 2.2.10 Enhancement of the potential of electricity transiting to the regions through the construction of electricity transfer lines
    - Output: Length and potential of constructed electricity transfer lines are established.
    - Implementors: MOE&I, MEDT, MOF
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 50,0000050,000
  - 2.2.12 Establishment of an Advisory Commission to deal with trade formalities
    - Output: Commission is established and is active.
    - Implementor: MEDT
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000
- Tourism and promotion (2.3)
  - 2.3.1 Development of proposals for improving tourism in Tajikistan
    - Implementor: Committee on youth, sport and tourism
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000
  - 2.3.2 Development of advertisement and informational programme on the development of international tourism, including a TV and radio programme for foreign countries
    - Implementors: Committee on youth, sport and tourism, MEDT
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,00000100,000

*Source: Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12 (excerpt) from "1. Preserving macro-economic sustainability"*

### 2. Completing accession

### 2. Completing accession

### 2.3. Tourism development — goals and measures
- Outcome goals:
  - "Number of tourists increased; increase of income from tourism"
- Key measures and implementing bodies:
  - 2.3.3 Publication of catalogues, booklets, posters, maps and other products for advertising and information
    - Indicator of outputs: "These products are published."
    - Implementors: Committee on youth, sport and tourism, MOF
  - 2.3.4 Promotion of the participation of domestic tourism companies in international tourism exhibitions/fairs organized abroad by establishing a single national stand
    - Indicator of outputs: "The number of international exhibitions with the participation of domestic tourism companies"
    - Implementors: Committee on youth, sport and tourism, Commerce and Industry Chamber
  - 2.3.5 Organization of activities of tourism representations abroad, which would have publicity and information management roles within the activities of diplomatic missions and trade representations of Tajikistan abroad
    - Indicator of outputs: "Process of publicity and information campaign is reinforced."
    - Implementors: Committee on youth, sport and tourism, MFA, MEDT
  - 2.3.6 Development of tourism statistics that fulfill the requirements of the International Tourism Organization and take into account the indicators of the spheres linked to the tourism sector
    - Indicator of outputs: "Quality of statistic indicators on tourism is improved."
    - Implementors: SSC, Committee on youth, sport and tourism
  - 2.3.7 Promotion of investment projects aimed at tourism infrastructure development
    - Indicator of outputs: "Projects are developed."
    - Implementors: Committee of Youth, Sport and Tourism, SCI
    - Budget line shown: 100,00000 100,000
  - 2.3.8 Introduction of a visa-free regime for citizens of EU member countries and Japan who enter the country as tourists
    - Indicator of outputs: "Relevant regulatory documents are adopted and will be implemented."
    - Implementors: Committee of Youth, Sport and Tourism, MFA

### 2.4. Regulation of the labour migration process — goals and measures
- Outcome goals:
  - "Increase in the number of legal labour migrants"
- Key measures and implementing bodies:
  - 2.4.1 Improvement in the mechanism of regulation and procedures of foreign labour migration, activating political dialogue aimed at protecting rights and interests of Tajik migrants within the territories of foreign countries (on a par with measures mentioned in the sphere of social protection)
    - Indicator of outcomes: "International agreement ensuring the protection of rights and guarantees of labour migrants outside the country are signed and ratified."
    - Implementors: MIA, MFA, MOL&SP
  - 2.4.2 Employment of Tajik citizens overseas through licensed employment companies and on the basis of agreements
    - Implementors: MIA, RELEVANT COMPANIES
- Total funding lines referenced:
  - Total: 9,800,0009,750,000

### 1.1–1.6. Agriculture, food security and rural development — goals, measures and funding
- Strategic goals (as stated):
  - "Guarantee of food security"
  - "Increase general agricultural output by 18.1%"
  - "Increase labour fertility by 12%"
  - "Increase of goods transportation by 11.3%"
  - "Increase of passenger turnover by 25.9%"
- Major programme lines, outputs and funding (preserve numeric values as in source):
  - 1.1.1 Implementation of a food security programme for the period until 2015
    - Indicator of outcomes: "Improved justification and the number of adopted decisions"
    - Implementors: MOAG, MOH, MOE, MOWR&LR, MOL&SPА, Land Committee, SSC, MEDT
    - Total funds needed: 208,170,000
    - Total covered funds in USD million: 42,560,000
    - Approved funding in USD million: 165,610,000
    - Donors: FAO, EC, ADB
  - 1.1.3 Development and implementation of the programme for enhancing the potential of women-led dehkan farms
    - Indicator: "Gender-related problems resolved"
    - Implementors: MoAG, NADF
    - Total funds needed: 150,00000
    - Donors: EC/FAO
    - Approved funding: 150,000
  - 1.1.4 Programme on human rights and duties of dehkan farms based on the National Labour Code and the Law on Labour Protection
    - Indicator: "Work security is provided in the agricultural sector."
    - Total funds needed: 200,00000
    - Donors: EC/FAO
    - Approved funding: 200,000
  - 1.1.5 Programme to unite farmers into associations and cooperatives
    - Indicator: "The effectiveness in agricultural sector is increased with the organization of new forms of progressive farming."
    - Total funds needed: 500,00000
    - Donors: EC/FAO
    - Approved funding: 500,000
  - 1.1.6 Project on accounting and financial centers for dekhan farms
    - Indicator: "The number of trained specialists regulating accounting procedures is increased..."
    - Total funds needed: 300,00000
    - Donors: EC/FAO
    - Approved funding: 300,000
  - 1.2.1 Training of dehkan farm specialists in agricultural development centers of NADF
    - Indicator: "More than 2,100 new job placements are created."
    - Total funds needed: 600,00000
    - Donors: EU/FAO
    - Approved funding: 600,000
  - 1.2.2 Implementation of a rural development project
    - Indicator: "The amount of material and economic resources given to farmers is increased. Labour productivity is increased."
    - Total funds needed: 23,300,000
    - Total covered funds: 1,650,000
    - Approved funding: 21,650,000
    - Donor: ADB
  - 1.2.5 Assistance in implementing investment projects for establishing dairy farms, sheep-breeding farms, poultry-farming, buffalo-breeding and goat-breeding farms in mountainous and high mountain areas, beekeeping and fisheries-- FDI
    - Indicator: "Product manufacturing is increased: cattle-breeding, beekeeping, poultry-farming, and fisheries."
    - Total funds needed: 13,500,00000
    - Donors: EU/FAO
    - Approved funding: 13,500,000
  - 1.2.14 Implementation of the seed-growing development programme in the country
    - Indicator: "The material basis of this sphere is strengthened..."
    - Total funds needed: 8,500,000
    - Total covered funds: 2,100,000
    - Approved funding: 6,400,000
    - Donor: SIDA
  - 1.3.1 Implementation of project on developing the cotton-growing sector
    - Indicator: "Evaluations are always performed according to the international standards. Farmers’ incomes increase from every tonne of sold cotton."
    - Total funds needed: 15,000,00001
    - Donor: WB
    - Approved funding: 15,000,000
  - Land use and cadastral measures (selected):
    - 1.4.4 Inclusion of changes to the legislation with the aim of simplifying registration process, strengthening rights of land use and increase transparency
      - Total funds needed: 2,000,00000
      - Approved funding: 2,000,000
    - 1.4.5 Development of a single mechanism of land use rights registration
      - Total funds needed: 16,100,00000
      - Approved funding: 16,100,000
  - Irrigation, water resources and pasture measures (selected):
    - 1.5.1 Restoration of irrigation networks and ditches, exploration of new lands, supporting the establishment of WUA aimed at effectively managing water resources
      - Indicator of outputs: "The quality of irrigation service is improved. The irrigation networks are kept in working condition. The WUA is supported."
      - Implementors: MOWR&LR, LAND COMMITTEE
      - Total funds needed: 30,000,0000030,000,000
    - 1.5.2 Restoration of irrigation systems
      - Total funds needed: 29,014,000
      - Total covered funds: 6,290,000
      - Approved funding: 22,720,000
      - Donor: ADB0
    - 1.5.3 Irrigation of Danghara Valley lands (two phases)
      - Indicator: "The second phase of irrigating Danghara Valley lands is started"
      - Total funds needed: 30,480,000
      - Total covered funds: 3,510,000
      - Approved funding: 26,970,000
      - Donor: IDB0
    - 1.5.4 Management of the water resources of Ferghana Valley
      - Total funds needed: 14,174,000
      - Total covered funds: 1,174,000
      - Approved funding: 13,000,000
      - Donor: WB0
    - 1.5.5 Implementation of flood risk management project in Khatlon Region
      - Total funds needed: 24,499,000
      - Total covered funds: 6,490,000
      - Approved funding: 18,009,000
      - Donor: ADB0
- Health and food safety lines (selected):
  - 1.6.1 Strengthening of the regulatory and legal framework
    - Indicator: "Regulatory documents are developed."
    - Implementor: MOH
    - Total funds needed: 13,00020,00011,000--
  - 1.6.2 Enhancement for laboratory and scientific research
    - Indicator: "Equipment is supplied and scientific research is conducted."
    - Implementor: MOH
    - Total funds needed: 89,0008,00081,000
  - 1.6.3 Reduction in the level of food-related diseases
    - Indicator: "Information was regularly provided according to approved indicators."
    - Implementor: MOH
    - Total funds needed: 59,00012,00047,0000
- Aggregate funding line provided for agriculture/food sector:
  - Total: 478,985,00077,571,000324,298,00077,070,000

### 1.2–1.5. Transport and communications — goals, measures and funding
- Strategic goals:
  - "1.2 Increased number of automobile roads with a satisfactory quality; The amount of investment for the implementation of transportation projects"
- Selected transport projects, outputs and funding:
  - 1.1.1 Opening of international passenger carrier itinerary in the directions of Dushanbe-Kabul and Khorog (RT)-Qashgar (PRCh)
    - Implementor: MOT&C
  - 1.2.1 Promotion of automobile road construction project of Dushanbe-Danghara
    - Total funds needed: 154,600,000
    - Total covered funds: 2,600,000
    - Approved funding: 49,000,000
    - Donor: Chinese EximBank
    - Additional figure: 103,000,000
  - 1.2.2 Promotion of the restoration of the automobile road project of “Kurgan-tyube-Dusti”
    - Output: "42 km of road is restored."
    - Total funds needed: 32,755,000
    - Total covered funds: 32,755,000
    - Donor: Japanese Government
  - 1.2.3 Implementation of the project “Construction of automobile road Kulob-Qal’aikhumb”
    - Total funds needed: 158,090,000
    - Total covered funds: 7,900,000
    - Approved funding: 150,190,000
    - Donors: IDB, and Arab Funds
    - Additional figure: 65,190,000
  - 1.2.4 Promotion of the project “Restoration of automobile road Dushanbe-Kyrgyzstan border” 3 phase
    - Output: "114 km of road is restored."
    - Total funds needed: 76,600,000
    - Total covered funds: 23,200,000
    - Approved funding: 53,400,000
    - Donor: ADB
  - 1.2.8 Promotion of the project for a new railway track construction of Dushanbe-Kurghan-tyube and Vahdat-Yovon line
    - Indicator: "Measures are taken for the construction of 46 km of the new railway."
    - Total funds needed: 130,000,000
    - Total covered funds: 130,000,000
  - 1.2.9 Implementation of the project “Construction of international terminal in Dushanbe airport”
    - Total funds needed: 37,254,250
    - Total covered funds: 10,160,250
    - Approved funding: 27,094,000
    - Donors: French Government, SUE “Dushanbe International Airport”
  - 1.2.12 Promotion of investment projects to increase the number of goods waggon park (600 units) FDI
    - Total funds needed: 33,000,000
    - Implementor: MoT&C
  - Community Project on maintenance of rural roads
    - Total funds needed: 2,300,000
    - Total covered funds: 500,000
    - Approved funding: 1,800,000
    - Donors: Japanese Gov. and contribution of the GoT
- Telecommunications and broadcasting lines:
  - 2.1.1 Promotion of the investment project "Transportation and telecommunication networks" 3 phase
    - Total funds needed: 2,470,0000
    - Implementor: MOT&C
    - Donor: EBRD0,0
  - 2.1.2 Rehabilitation of in-country radio relié lines
    - Indicator: "180 traffic lines of E1 are established to satisfy the needs of major customers."
    - Total funds needed: 1,970,0000
  - 2.1.3 Establishment of a mobile radius system for live broadcasting of national events throughout the world
    - Indicator: "The mobile satellite system is established."
    - Total funds needed: 430,00000

- Aggregate funding line provided for infrastructure/transport sector:
  - Total: 726,269,25044,510,250349,859,000397,090,000

### 5.1 Energy sector — governance and protection measures
- Major measures and indicative budgets:
  - 1.1.1 Conducting of the functional review of bodies responsible for the development and implementation of policy in the energy sector
    - Indicator of outputs: "The report is prepared with practical recommendations."
    - Total funds needed: 250,0000,000,000,00250,000
  - 1.1.2 Capacity building of the bodies responsible for the development and implementation of policy in the energy sector, including the establishment of the monitoring system for currently implemented policy
    - Indicator of outputs: "the monitoring unit is established. % of employees are trained."
    - Total funds needed: 250,0000,000,000,00250,000
  - 1.1.3 Development and implementation of the re-establishment plan "Barqi Tojik", which foresees the company into producer, transmitter and distributor ones
    - Indicator of outputs: "Rebuilding plan is adopted and is being implemented."
    - Total funds needed: 450,0000,000,000,00450,000
  - 1.1.4 Development and implementation of the Tojikgaz rebuilding plan
    - Total funds needed: 300,000300,000
  - 1.1.5 Development of a protection programme for poor segments of the population aimed at increasing tariffs for electricity and gas
    - Indicator of outputs: "Mechanisms are developed and approved."
    - Implementors: MOE&I, MOL&SP, MOF, MEDT
    - Total funds needed: 400,000400,000

*Document: Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12, excerpted content provided.*

### 5.2 Development of energy sector

### 5.2 Development of energy sector

### Strategic objectives and sector targets
- Prolonging the term of permanent electricity transfer to population from 16 to 20 hours.
- Increase in the potential of electricity production and in the production of coal, oil and gas.
- Reduction in the electricity loss; improvement in the effectiveness of using the available resources.
- Reducing quasi-fiscal shortcoming from 20.5% to 0%.
- Increase of goods transportation by 11.3%.
- Increase of passenger turnover by 25.9%.
- Increase of communications coverage up to 50%.
- Increase in industrial output by 25.6%; growth in labour productivity in industry up to 16%; growth in industrial exports by 18%; increase in number of people employed in industry by 20.5%.

### Institutional reform and planning
- Conducting of institutional reform in the energy sector.
- Development of a long-term concept for the development of the energy sector for the period until 2025. The concept development plan of OJSC “Barqi Tojik” for 2009-2020 is developed and submitted for approval. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 200,000 USD; Total covered funds: 200,000 USD.
- Conducting of a functional survey on the system of agencies involved in policy implementation in the sector. Analysis conducted and practical recommendations are given. Implementor: EOP. Total funds needed: 500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 500,000 USD.
- Capacity building of agencies responsible for the development and implementation of industrial policy. Percentage of employees of the relevant agencies who have received training. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 500,000 USD.
- Preparation and adoption of a programme to modernize the system for managing large public industrial enterprises. Programme has been adopted and is being implemented. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 400,000 USD; Total covered funds: 400,000 USD.
- Revision of the statistical register of current industrial capacities and creation of a register of industrial sites. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 500,000 USD.
- Updating of current legislation (on taxes, property, licensing, state-owned enterprises, etc.). Legislative proposals are prepared and adopted. Implementor: MOE&I, geology agency. Total funds needed: 200,000 USD; Total covered funds: 200,000 USD.

### Major investment projects, outputs, implementors and financing (selected)
- Implementation of a strategy for the periodic increase of tarrifs for 2007- 2010. The annual increase of tarrifs will be practically implemented according to the Strategy. Implementor: MOE&I.
- Study on opportunities and promotion of investment projects for transfer of thermal plants into coal. Report and recommendations are submitted; negotiations held with investors. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 50,000 USD; Total covered funds: 50,000 USD.
- Promotion of an investment project for the construction of electric power stations with the use of coal. Feasibility study developed; negotiations held and construction work has started. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 57,520,000 USD; Total covered funds: 57,520,000 USD.
- Implemention of the project "Development of the Regional Electricity Market". Contracts were concluded. The market for selling electricity is determined. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 25,500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 25,500,000 USD. Donor: USAID.
- Conducting of an analysis and implementation of measures to reduce energy loss. The analysis is conducted and practical recommendations are provided. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 48,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 48,000,000 USD.
- Determining and implementation of schedule of consumer supply -- heat, electricity and gas -- primarily in winter season. The schedule is adopted and will be implemented. Implementors: MOE&I, MEDT. Total funds needed: 500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 000500,000 USD.
- Gas exploration, establishment of a condensed gas stations network (according to the contract with Gazprom) (FDI). Exploration of natural gas has increased. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 8,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 8,000,000 USD. FDI: OJSC OF "Gazprom".
- Implemention of an investment project for the construction of ETL-220 kW Lolazor-Kulob, the substation of Khatlon-220 kW. Technical loss is reduced by 4-5%. Implementors: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 58,200,000 USD; Total covered funds: 58,200,000 USD. Donor: China.
- Implementation of the project Dushanbe-2 Heating and Electricity Centre (270mWt) (FDI). There is an additional production of approximately 1 billion kWt/hour. Implementors: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 400,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 0,00400,000,000 USD. Donor: TBEA Company.
- Implemention of the investment project for the construction of Sangtuda-2 hydropower station (FDI). There is an additional production of 1 billion kWt/hour. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 256,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 40,000,000 USD; Approved funding: 216,000,000 USD. FDI: Iran.
- Implemention of the investment project for the first phase in the construction of Roghun hydropower station, 1st phase started (FDI). Implementation has started. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 280,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 280,000,000 USD.
- Independent expert assessment of the proposed feasibility study of Roghun hydropower station. The report is prepared with practical recommendations. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 700,000 USD; Total covered funds: 700,000 USD.
- Implemention of a concession project of electrical networks in GBAO (next phase) FDI. Technical loss is reduced; the contract is concluded for export of electricity to Afghanistan. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 26,500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 26,500,000 USD.
- Promotion of the investment restoration project of the Norak hydropower station. Negotiations with possible investors are held; a feasibility study is prepared. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 405,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 405 USD.
- Restoration/rebuilding of Norak 500/220 kW (within the framework of point 3.3.14). An international tender is announced. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 87,500,000 USD; Total covered funds: 4,000,000 USD; Approved funding: 83,500,000 USD. Donors: ADB, KfW.
- Implemention of the investment restoration project Norak hydropower station FDI. An extension of service term for another 35 years is expected, increasing capacity to 10%. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 321,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 321,000,000 USD.
- Implementation of the project on the “Construction of 220kWt ETL of Khujand-Ayni (85km)”. Electricity is regularly supplied to regions of the country. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 21,600,000 USD; Total covered funds: 21,600,000 USD.
- Promotion of the investment restoration project of Kayrokkum hydropower station. Negotiations with potential investors are conducted; a feasibility study is developed. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 125,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 125,000,000 USD.
- Promotion and FDI implementation (selected coal projects):
  - "Eastern" perforation construction of Fon-Yaghnob coal mine: promotion total funds needed: 150,000 USD; implementation FDI: total funds needed: 70,200,000 USD (additional yearly production nearly 450 thousand tonnes of coal). Implementor: MT.
  - Perforation and Ziddi coal mine: promotion total funds needed: 150,000 USD; implementation FDI total funds needed: 63,500,000 USD (additional production nearly 400 thousand tonnes of coal in a year). Implementor: MOE&I.
  - Rebuilding coal mine No8 of Shurob: promotion total funds needed: 150,000 USD; implementation FDI total funds needed: 1,780,000 USD.
- Implemention of the investment project “Construction of ETL-500 kWt - Sangtuda-1 HPP – major HPP – Afghan border”. Conditions are established to export electricity in the summer. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 32,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 32,000,000 USD.
- Restoration of the energy sector in 1, 2 phases. The list of determined actions was prepared. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 68,400,000 USD; Total covered funds: 5,900,000 USD; Approved funding: 62,500,000 USD. Donors: ADB, IDB, Swiss Govt.
- Construction of the high voltage line-220 "Lolazor-Obi Mazor" and substation 220 кВ. The list of determined actions was prepared. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 58,100,000 USD; Total covered funds: 2,900,000 USD; Approved funding: 55,200,000 USD.
- Implemention of the electricity sale project between Central and Southern Asia countries. The list of determined actions was prepared. Implementors: MOE&I, MEDT, MFA. Total funds needed: 3,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 500,000 USD; Approved funding: 2,500,000 USD.
- Regional projects for improving gas transportation. The list of determined actions was prepared. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 7,410,000 USD; Total covered funds: 2,080,000 USD; Approved funding: 5,330,000 USD. Donor: ADB.
- Project for regional inter-system electricity transfer line. The conditions were created aimed at exporting electricity in the summer season. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 54,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 14,000,000 USD; Approved funding: 40,000,000 USD. Donor: ADB.
- Implementation of the project on “ETL of Sangtuda-Dushanbe 500kW”, 228 km with substation of Sangtuda – 500/200kW. Electricity is supplied regularly to country regions. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 161,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 00161,000,000 USD.
- Implementation of the project “Construction of 220kW ETL of “Kayrokkum-Asht” (86 km). Electricity is regularly supplied to country’s regions. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 16,300,000 USD; Total covered funds: 0016,300,000 USD.
- Project of “Construction of ETL within CASA 1000 Project” (750 km). Electricity is exported to Afghanistan and Pakistan with the capacity of 1,300mWt. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 450,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 00450,000,000 USD.
- Project on “Reduction of Loss”. Loss of electricity and gas is reduced to the greatest extent possible within internal networks. Implementor: MOE&I. Total funds needed: 30,000,000 USD; Total covered funds: 0030,000,000 USD.

### Key financial aggregates (as listed)
- Total (energy sector projects listed): 3,476,310,000 USD total funds needed; 69,380,000 USD total covered funds; 997,730,000 USD approved funding; 02,004,200,405 USD (format preserved as in source).
- Totals across related development blocks (as presented):
  - Total: 5,303,100,000 USD; 303,000,000 USD; 141,500,000 USD; 4,908,100,000 USD.
  - Consolidated totals presented: 9,505,679,250 USD; 416,890,250 USD; 1,489,089,000 USD; 7,309,390,405 USD.
  - Further consolidated totals presented: 9,984,664,250 USD; 494,461,250 USD; 1,813,387,000 USD; 7,386,460,405 USD.

### Outputs and expected sectoral impacts (selected)
- Technical loss is reduced by 4-5% (ETL-220 kW project).
- Additional production of approximately 1 billion kWt/hour (Dushanbe-2 Heating and Electricity Centre (270mWt)).
- Additional production of 1 billion kWt/hour (Sangtuda-2 hydropower station).
- Service term extensions and capacity increases: Norak hydropower station extension for another 35 years increasing capacity to 10%; Varzob hydropower station service term extended another 25 years increasing capacity to 5 MWt; Vakhsh hydropower station service term extended another 50 years increasing capacity to 30 MWt.
- Conditions created to export electricity in the summer (ETL-500 kWt Sangtuda-1 HPP – Afghan border; regional transfer projects; CASA 1000).

*Source: _cr10104 - 5.2 Development of energy sector*

### 2.4  Upgrading of the institutional,

### _cr10104 - 2.4  Upgrading of the institutional,

### Institutional, regulatory/legal and personnel upgrades for education financing, management, reporting and monitoring
- Preparation and implementation of plan to increase the potential of the education sector.
  - Vertical analysis of the education sector will be conducted within the framework of public sector reform.
  - Implementing bodies: MoEd, MoF
  - Budget line: MoEd, MoF103,000103,000

### Pre‑school and private education expansion
- Outcome indicators and recent status:
  - Established number of private pre-school institutions: 7% of pre-school age children are covered in 2008, which is more by 1% than in 2007.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Other Agencies
    - Budget lines: 34,00010,00024,000
  - Increase in proportion of children attending pre-school institutions (as a % of total number of pre-school age children); increase in number attending private educational institutions:
    - Number of pre-school institutions in 2008 has increased by three institutions compared to 2007.

### Attraction of investments for private pre‑school and other educational institutions
- Measure:
  - Negotiations conducted with potential investors and necessary funds raised.
  - Implementors: MoEd, MoF
  - Total funds needed and allocated: 30,000,00030,000,000

### Education management, decentralization and community involvement
- Goals and measures:
  - Increase the effectiveness of the education system through decentralization and involvement of the community and institutions in the education process.
  - Introduction of a management programme, strengthening capacities of school principals and identification of their tasks and responsibilities, taking into account the independence of schools.
  - Linked PRS goal: Increase the percentage of girls and boys covered by basic secondary education to 98%.

### Curriculum, teacher development, and instructional quality measures
- Curriculum and textbooks:
  - 3.1.1 Updating of study plans for 5-9 grades, lyceum and gymnasiums:
    - a) Study Plan for up to 9th grade is considered and approved.
    - b) Curricula for courses on improvement of the professional level of teachers is designed.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Local Authorities
    - Budget lines: 625,0005,000620,000
  - 3.1.2 Reforming the process of developing curriculum. The national curriculam is designed on areas.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Pedagogical Sciences Academy
    - Budget lines: 4,0004,000
  - 3.1.3 Publication of textbooks and teaching manuals:
    - 9,334 million textbooks on new subjects are made available.
    - Implementors: MoEd, MoF
    - Budget lines: 18,858,00018,858,000

- Teacher training and programme materials:
  - 3.2.1 Re-training of teachers:
    - 22,000 teachers attend courses during the year.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 14,122,00014,122,000
  - 3.2.2 Introduction of educational programmes:
    - Educational materials are published; reporting is carried out on the assessment of educational programmes.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Other Agencies
    - Budget lines: 399,000399,000

- Information technology in education:
  - 3.3.1 Computerization programme of secondary schools; provision of computers based on the number of students-- 20:1; design and approval of plan for 2013 – 2017:
    - Indicator: Number of operating computers and printers.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Other Agencies
    - Budget lines: 20,371,0008,550,00011,821,000
  - 3.3.2 Dissemination of IT in the teaching process:
    - Report on assessment of children’s participation in competitions.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 7,0007,000

- Monitoring and assessment:
  - 3.4.1 Monitoring (assessment) of study conditions with participation of NGOs, parent‑teacher associations and community:
    - Report on monitoring of education quality.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 14,00014,000
  - 3.4.2 Monitoring of learning (in the most important period of learning):
    - Report on monitoring of learning.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 11,00011,000
  - 3.4.3 Improvement in the learning assessment by teachers:
    - Indicators are prepared and implemented.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 183,000183,000

- National quality assessment:
  - 3.5 Establishment of the National Centre for Quality Assessment and systematic assessments:
    - The establishment and certification of the institution for educational quality assessment.
    - Governmental Decree No. 144 on the establishment of the National Testing Centre state institution of 5 March 2008.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 7,010,00010,0007,000,000
  - 3.6 Studying feasibility of introducing standard state examinations:
    - Preparation of the Report.
    - The introduction of standard state examinations is considered possible; the Governmental Decree on the establishment of the National Testing Centre” of 5 March 2008 is approved.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 300,000300,000

- On‑the‑job and specialized training:
  - 3.7 Improvement in on-the-job training programmes in accordance with the conceptual framework for specialized training, Stage 1:
    - Additions made to study plans and curricula based on a decision by the MOE Board.
    - On-the-job training institutions are re-established based on the Professional (specialized) Training Conceptual Framework.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 200,000200,000

### Social support, inclusion and gender equity in education
- Support for children from poor families:
  - 4.1.1 Support for children from poor families (arranging hot food; compensation for needy families per Government Decree):
    - 342,434 students receive hot food; 15 % of students receive TJS40 in compensation during the year.
    - Implementors: MoEd, MoL&SP
    - Budget lines: 71,234,00030,100,00041,134,000

- Inclusive and specialized education:
  - 4.1.2 Main directions established for specialized education (inclusive) for children with limited physical abilities:
    - Concept of inclusive education, experimental report on inclusive education. Calculation of spending for inclusive education.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Pedagogical Sciences Academy
    - Budget lines: 81,00081,000
  - 4.1.3 Improvement of basic compulsory education (change to ten-year compulsory education and new education procedures):
    - Feasibility studies are conducted on the new procedure of education and recommendations.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 54,00054,000

- Gender equality promotion:
  - 4.2.1 Promotion of information and awareness campaigns:
    - Annual TV and radio programmes and articles in newspapers.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Media
    - Budget lines: 10,00010,000

- Accessibility and surveys:
  - 4.3.1 Review on education accessibility, attracting children to cover by gender programmes and regions and classrooms:
    - Research on accessibility of basic secondary education is carried out.
    - Implementors: MoEd, CoWFA
    - Budget lines: 43,00043,000
  - 4.4.1 Attraction paid to basic secondary education:
    - Special project necessary to study this issue.
    - Budget lines: 1,700,0001,700,000
  - 4.4.2 Proportion of boys and girls in urban and rural areas who do not attend school:
    - Sample of special statistic forms to identify the level of children’s involvement is developed and delivered to districts of the country in 2007.

- School meals and material assistance:
  - 4.5.1 Proportion of students (boys and girls) in elementary grades in urban and rural areas who receive hot meals at school:
    - In total, US$ 11million was spent for school hot meals in 2008 with the support of international organizations.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Local Authorities
    - Budget lines: 14,800,000400,00014,400,000
  - 4.6.1 Percentage of children (boys and girls) receiving material assistance:
    - Material assistance to children from needy families for obtaining school and writing supplies, shoes and clothing has been provided by the budget.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Local Authorities, MOL&SP
    - Budget lines: 1,800,000300,0001,500,000
  - 4.7.1 Percentage of orphans and children from socially vulnerable segments of the population who have enrolled in vocational professional schools:
    - Implementors: MoEd, MoL&SP
    - Budget lines: 1,700,0001,700,000
  - 4.8.1 Percentage of orphans and children from socially vulnerable segments of the population from urban and rural areas who have enrolled in school under a quota system:
    - Quota not identified. Hot meals are provided in basic vocational professional education institutions.
    - Implementors: MoEd, Local Authorities
    - Budget lines: 58,00058,000

### Infrastructure, material and technical base improvements
- School structure and capacity:
  - 5.1.1 Analysis of information on the situation with the structure of schools:
    - Report on the situation with structure of schools in the education sector.
    - Implementors: MoEd, MoF, Local Authorities
    - Budget lines: 9,0009,000
  - 5.2.1 Building of new potential and rehabilitation of existing potential (plans of construction and rehabilitation; renovation and changes in schools’ base; construct schools meeting minimum standards):
    - Indicator: Percentage of children at 1-9 grades studying in one shift.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 85,497,00023,500,00030,100,00031,897,000

- Material and technical bases:
  - 5.1.3 Promotion of material and technical bases (plan for improving material and technical bases, tables and chairs for students, development of physics, chemistry and biology laboratories):
    - Implementation of plan.
    - Indicators: Percentage of student chair and table sets; Percentage of the number of blackboards; Percentage of laboratories for different disciplines.
    - Implementors: MoEd, MOF
    - Budget lines: 29,565,00015,000450,00029,100,000

- Health and sanitation in schools:
  - 5.3.1 Rehabilitation and creation of favourable, healthy conditions and establishment of drinking water and heating sources:
    - Indicator: Percentage of children covered by schools have fulfilled the minimum standards.
    - Implementor: MoEd
    - Budget lines: 8,693,0008,693,000

### Aggregate funding and totals (Annex 1 Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12)
- Section total for education measures: Total 231,586,00068,275,00039,573,000130,748,000

### Cross‑sectoral links and additional science & research items (selected highlights)
- Science and technology measures also listed (selection of budget items and outputs):
  - 2.1.3 Selection of new high-yield adaptive varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops:
    - Budget lines: 1,000,000(500,000 Budget, Grant, source not identified)500,000
  - 2.1.4 Pilot introduction of biotechnology methods in agriculture:
    - Budget lines: 1,100,000600,000 Budget, Grant, source not identified)500,000
  - 3.1.4 Improvement of information, access to Internet and establishment of ITC science centres:
    - Budget lines: 2,040,000(40,000 Budget, 2,000,000 Grant, not identified)2,000,000
  - Total for science section: Total 14,330,0001,450,0009,350,000

*Source: _cr10104 - 2.4  Upgrading of the institutional, — https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/_cr10104.pdf*

### 1.1 Development of the medium-term budget for the sector

### _cr10104 - 1.1 Development of the medium-term budget for the sector

### Medium-term budget (MTEF) — allocations and totals
- Budget resources are effectively used. Implementing agencies: MoH, MoF, MEDT.
- Sector budget figures:
  - 304,000,00094,000,00026,200 TJS (2010 – approved) (US $5,2m)
  - 28,000 000(2011 – prospect) (US $4,9m)
  - 28,500 000TJS (2012 – strategy) (US $4,8m)
  - US $14,9m
  - 469,800 000 TJS (2010 - approved) (US $94m)
  - 501,800 000 TJS 2011 – prospect) (US $88m)
  - 631,800 TJS (2012 – stargety) (US $107,1m)
  - US $289,1m

### State guarantee programme and primary healthcare per-capita funding pilots
- State guarantee programme coverage indicator: % of population covered by the programme. Implementing agencies: MoH, MoF, MEDT.
- Financing noted:
  - 4,200,000-21,214 TJS (2010 approved) (US $4,2m)
- Per capita primary healthcare funding pilots:
  - Per capita funding for primary healthcare facilities and other facilities in pilot districts is approved. Implementor: MoH.
  - 16,000,000-80,000 TJS (2010 approved) (US $16m)

### Family-based healthcare, information systems, medicines flow and MoH reforms
- Family-based healthcare pilot actions:
  - Demonstration on family helathcare is approved for pilot districts.
  - All personnel who are responsible for primary healthjcare requirements are trained.
  - Implementor: MoH.
- Healthcare information resources:
  - The inter-related system on healthcare information resources is working in pilot districts. Implementor: MoH.
- Analysis of medicines flow and certification:
  - The report on analysis and recommendations is prepared. Implementors: MoH, MoF.
- Public administration reform for MoH:
  - Amendments and changes to the legal documents that govern the function of MoH are introduced. Implementors: MoH, MoJ, MEDT, MoF.
- Consumer protection for healthcare service users:
  - A number of complaints are addressed. Implementors: MoH, MoJ.

### Private sector role and privatization analysis
- Introduction of privileges and tax measures for private healthcare entities:
  - Reports and relevant recommendations are prepared. Implementors: MoH, MoF, Tax Committee.
- Second analysis on privatizing the healthcare system:
  - Reports and relevant recommendations are prepared. Implementors: MoH, SIC.
- Indicators:
  - 1. Percentage of users who use the private healthcare services out of the total service users (%);
  - 2. Increase in the number of the private healthcare facilities

### PRS Action Matrix — maternal, neonatal and reproductive health priorities (selected measures and targets)
- Capacity building and equipment for primary healthcare maternal care. Implementors: MoH, UNICEF, UNFPA, Aga Khan Fund, Save the Children, Mercy Corps, JICA.
  - Funding listed: 12,850,000
  - Outputs/indicators include:
    - More than 75% of personnel are educated on maternal primary helathcare and obstetrician services;
    - Number and percentage of facilities provided with equipment and medicines for antenatal and obstetrician services;
    - Number of national and regional working referral centres;
    - Number and percentage of pregnant women and newborns who received the neonatal and obstetrician services
- Development and implementation of safe maternity and neonatal service documents. Implementor: MoH.
  - Output indicators: Number and percentage of health workers educated with safe maternity protocols; monitoring and feedback systems; guideline for neonatal services and reporting; percentage of healthcare facilities using safe maternity documents.
- Awareness raising and community engagement on safe maternity. Implementor: MoH, Women Committee.
  - Target: 75% of primary health care facilities provide neonatal services.
- Organization of round tables on reproductive health. Implementors: MoH, Women Committee.
  - Outputs: Number of meetings, public actions, press-conferences, discussions and radio and TV actions.
- Family planning standards, equipment and information provision. Implementor: MoH.
  - Outputs/targets:
    - Existence of standards, protocols and feedback systems;
    - No less than 3 types of modern contraceptives information materials are available on primary healthcare facilities;
    - Number and percentage of primary healthcare facilities with equipment for family planning services.

### Maternal and child mortality targets and indicators
- PRS health outcome targets:
  - 2.1. Decrease the cases of child mortality under 5 years age up to 37 persons per 1000 newborns;
  - 2.2. Decrease the number of child mortality under 1 year age up to 35 persons per 1 000 new borns;
  - 2.3. Decrease the number of maternal mortality up to 60 pesons per 100,000 people
- Key indicators:
  - 1. Percentage of assisted births by health workers (%);
  - 2. Percentage of people at the reproductive age who are aware of their rights and of family planning (%, gender-disaggregated);
  - 3. Maternal mortality;
  - 4. Percentage of children under 5 years age receiving the medicines under the special programme;
  - 5. Percentage of educated people trained in child care;
  - 6. Percentage of healthcare and preventive facilities that use the clinic protocols based on the main children's diseases

### Fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and vaccine-preventable diseases (3.1)
- Strategic goals:
  - 3.1. Decrease number of HIV-affected people to 3,500 or under;
  - 3.2. Decrease the number of malaria-affected people to 18 per 100,000 people and eliminate tropical malaria;
  - 3.3. Decrease the cases of tuberculosis to 130 per 100,000 people;
  - 3.4. Decrease the number of people affected by gastrointestinal parasites up to 250 per 100,000;
  - 3.5. Control and eliminate measles
- Selected programme elements, budgets and donors:
  - 3.1.1 Awareness raising on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and vaccine-controlled diseases. Budget line: 120,0003,703,5003,703,500GFATM GFATM
  - 3.1.2 Increased access to HIV programmes. Budget: MOH600,0005,000,0005,000,000GFATM, DFID, WB
  - 3.1.3 Reduction of human rights violations against HIV-affected groups. Budget: 250,000250,000GFATM UNAID, UNDP
  - 3.1.6 Systematization of access and treatment for retrovirus-affected people (ART coverage indicators). Budget: MOH170,0001,100,0001,100,000GFATM
  - 3.1.7 Measures against tuberculosis, malaria and helminthism: outputs include % of labs equipped; % of population treated; % of personnel trained on DOTS; establishment/equipping of the reference laboratory; rehabilitation of Hospital in Machiton Mahalla; procurement for DOTS centre in Dushanbe.
- Outcome and monitoring indicators:
  - Percentage of young people aware of the fight against HIV (%)
  - Percentage of tuberculosis cases treated under DOTs (%)
  - Percentage of people located in malaria areas and aware of the fight against malaria;
  - Coverage of children under 1 year of age by vaccination (96%)
  - Health expenditure on vaccination (%)
  - Proportion of at-risk group of the population covered by the HIV programme
  - -% of population aware of and with a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS
  - -Implementation of laws and sublaws

### Health workforce, infrastructure, equipment and service delivery capacity (3.2)
- Capacity building and staffing targets:
  - 3.2.1 Development of personnel on family-based treatment and nurses in pilot districts — Number of trained personnel; Percentage of family-based doctors out of total number of doctors in pilot districts. Implementor: MOH.
  - 3.2.2 Training of managers on chargeable health services — Percentage of managers who are trained. Implementors: MOH, MOF.
- Medicines, construction, rehabilitation and equipment outputs:
  - 3.2.3 Supply of high quality medicines for city and district health posts — Number of medicines provided to village, district and city health centres. Implementors: MOH, MEDT.
  - 3.2.4 Construction of health centres in villages, districts and cities — Number of constructed health centres. Implementor: MOH, MEDT. Budget line: 595,000
  - 3.2.6 Equipping of the village, district and city health centres — MOH, MEDT. Budget lines: 15,00015,00000
  - Additional items (3.2.5, 3.2.7–3.2.13): rehabilitation, vehicles, central hospitals, SES facilities, equipping central hospitals and SES — Implementors: MOH, MEDT
- Aggregated financing summary for section:
  - Total 325,700,000104,068,500

### Social protection (selected PRS tasks and financing)
- Institutional reform, capacity building and information systems (Ministry of Labor and Social Protection — MOL&SP):
  - 1.1.1 Restructuring of MOL&SP based on vertical functional system analysis. Budget: MOL&SP200,0000  0,00200,000
  - 1.1.3 Strengthening capacity of Social Protection personnel. Budget: MOL&SP, MOH 200,0000  0,00200,000
  - 1.1.4 Establish State Secretariat on Child Rights Conduct; Child Rights Departments in all cities and districts. Budget: 1,000,0000500,000UNICEF, SIDA — total listed 500,000
  - 1.1.5 Development of inter-sectoral information exchange between employment, migration, social insurance and pension departments. Budget: MOL & SP2,900,0001,500,0001,400,000
- Labour market, employment services and adult education actions:
  - 1.2.1 Introduction and implementation of wage indexation mechanisms for the budget sphere. Budget: 200,0000  0,00200,000
  - 1.2.2 Survey on causes of debt on salary and social taxes. Budget: 200,000200,000
  - 1.2.3 Research on child labour. Budget: 300,000300,000
  - 1.2.4 National strategy for the labor market for 2011-2015. Budget: 200,0000200,000
  - 1.2.5 Capacity building of MOL&SP staff on labour market analysis/forecast. Budget: 500,0000500,000
  - 1.2.6 Research on job placement and the labour force. Budget: 160,000160,000
  - 1.2.7 Research to identify labour market demands. Budget: 40,00040,000
  - 1.2.8 Establish common analytical information and computerized network for state employment structures. Budget: 500,000500,000
  - 1.2.9 Strengthening employment centre for Assistance Programme. Budget: 1,500,000300,0001,200,000
  - 1.2.10 Development of adult education material/technical base for market-demanded specializations. Budget: MOL&SP3,700,000700,0002,000,000GTZ1,000,000
  - 1.2.11 Ensure development of adult education module technologies in 50% of educational centres. Budget: MOL&SP600,000600,000
  - 1.2.12 Development of the Programme for Adult Education Development for 2010-2012. Budget: MOL&SP00000
- Social protection PRS targets:
  - 1.1. Reduce the poverty rate to 41.4%
  - 1.2. Reduce the extreme poverty rate to 11.3%
  - 1.1. Improvement of the Social Protection Management System — The Social Protection Management System is improved.
  - 1.2. Ensuring independent opportunities for vulnerable groups to reduce poverty

*Source: _cr10104 - 1.1 Development of the medium-term budget for the sector — https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/_cr10104.pdf*

### 1. A constant increase of salaries is

### 1. A constant increase of salaries is ensured.

### Stated outcomes (labor and employment)
- 1. A constant increase of salaries is ensured.
- 2. The number of signed collective contracts is increased and references to the court are reduced.
- 3. Arrears of wages are decreased and its further increase is prevented.
- 4. Further dissemination of child labour worst-case conditions is terminated.
- 5. A basis of research methodology, monitoring, trimming of labour market and labour migration are established.
- 6. Professional quality of unemployed people and labour migrants is improved.
- 7. Employment rate has increased.
- 8. Unemployment rate has decreased.

### Key measures and outputs (selected entries from Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12)
- 1.2.13. Creation of an electronic information resource on labour markets indicators and a website on job placements
  - Indicator of outputs: Electronic information resource is created. A job placement website is placed on the Internet.
  - Implementor: MOL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 100,000
- 1.2.14. Organization of training, and legal and language courses as well as courses on the social adaptation of labour migrants
  - Indicator of outputs: The number of official labour migrants has increased.
  - Implementor: MOL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 200,000
- 1.2.15. Reforming and ensuring o further development of the professional systematic guide
  - Indicator of outputs: Effective development of labour resources is enhanced.
  - Implementor: MOL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 670,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 170,000
  - Approved funding in USD million: 500,000
- 1.2.16. Strengthening capacity and establishment of a polyclinic for labour and social protection
  - Indicator of outputs: Material and technical assistance is provided.
  - Implementor: MOL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 300,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 300,000
- 1.2.17. Conducting of professional development courses (human potential development) for staff from the labour, employment, protection and service and adult education sectors
  - Indicator of outputs: Courses are organized and conducted.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, MOE
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 280,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 100,000
  - Approved funding in USD million: 80,000
  - Donor: GTZ 100,000
- 1.2.18. Capacity building of organizations and personnel of local executive authorities on regulation of labour market and employment in regions
  - Indicator of outputs: a series of regional educational seminars are conducted and measures implemented to support the activity of the local committee for the coordination of employment.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, Local Authorities
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 700,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 700,000
- 1.2.19. Strengthening of the material and technical bases of the State Services for the supervision of labour, employment and social welfare.
  - Indicator of outputs: Laboratories for analysis of labour conditions and other technical means are established.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 300,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 300,000

### Social insurance and pension system reform (selected measures and funding)
- Strategic goals:
  - 1. Financial sustainability of the social insurance and pension system is improved.
  - 2. The system of state social insurance management is enhanced.
  - 3. Separation of non-insurance payments out of state social insurance is carried out.
  - 4. A constant increase in insurance payments is promoted.
  - 5. Pension arrears are resolved.
- 2.1.1. Improvement of the management of the state social insurance system by establishing and strengthening the technical and methodological bases of information infrastructure
  - Indicator of outputs: Information infrastructure and archives of individual registration are established. A clear and active form of personal electronic registration of individual insurance is introduced.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 10,000,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 10,000,000
- 2.1.2. Increase in the level of legal awareness of citizens with a view to ensuring their awareness on their rights and opportunities provided by the new legislation on pension
  - Indicator of outputs: A series of regulatory and legal documents to improve and clarify the new pension legislation is drafted and made available for public. The level of awareness of citizens on their rights provided by the new pension legislation is improved.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 300,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 100,000
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00200,000
- 2.1.3. Automatization of the process of insured pensions and social benefits, taking into account the strengthening of material and technical bases
  - Indicator of outputs: The volume and cases of the purposeless use of social insurance funds is reduced.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 2,000,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 2,000,000
- 2.1.4. Development and implementation of mechanisms for cross-sectoral exchanges of information according to the Law on the registration of legal entities and individual businesses
  - Indicator of outputs: Regulatory and legal documents are adopted.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, SSC, SSC
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 500,000
- 2.1.5. Development and adoption of the revised Law on social state insurance by including changes and amendments on social taxes in the Tax Code
  - Indicator of outputs: The Law is adopted.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 200,000
- 2.1.6. Development and adoption of the Law on individual accounts
  - Indicator of outputs: The Law is adopted.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 200,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 200,000
- 2.1.7. Development and adoption of the Law on pension insurance
  - Indicator of outputs: The Law is adopted.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 500,000
- 2.1.8. Development and implementation of mechanisms for converting and transferring pension rights of the insured to their personal accounts
  - Indicator of outputs: Regulatory and legal documents are adopted. Pension rights of insured are converted and transferred.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, MOF
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 500,000
- 2.1.9. Strengthening of the legal and regulatory framework, development and implementation of the programme for developing the system of voluntary and professional pension
  - Indicator of outputs: The Programme is implemented. The Law is developed and adopted.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, TAX Committee, MOF
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 150,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00150,000

### Social assistance, disability, and child protection measures (selected entries)
- 2.1.11. Development and piloting of the method for assessing the poverty rate
  - Indicator of outputs: The method is developed and funding sources for its implementation identified.
  - Implementors: SSC, MoL&SP, MOH
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00500,000
- 2.1.12. Development and approval of the method for calculating the consumer goods backet (minimum living standards)
  - Indicator of outputs: Methods are approved and implemented.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, MOH
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 100,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 WB100,000
- 2.1.18. Introduction of the national law on social standards, with the view of implementation:
  - Indicator of outputs: Necessary standards and regulatory and legal documents are approved.
  - Implementor: MoL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 4,500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00 EC4,500,000
- 2.1.22. Improvement to the system of social services and benefits
  - Indicator of outputs: A new procedure of targeted social assistance instead of the existing benefits is implemented.
  - Implementor: MOL&SP
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 5,000,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 4,500,000
  - Approved funding in USD million: EC500,000
- 2.1.24. Development of the network of social institutions in the regions, including daily social services centres for disabled children, disabled people, lonely and elderly people
  - Indicator of outputs: The number of active centres reached 40.
  - Implementors: MoL&SP, Local Authorities, MOF, MOE, MOH, MIA
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 500,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 0,00500,000
- 2.1.29. Development and implementation of community programmes for providing social assistance to children who are in conflict with the law by involving civil society
  - Indicator of outputs: Programmes are developed and implemented.
  - Implementors: MIA, MoL&SP, Local Authorities, MOE
  - Total funds needed, in USD million: 600,000
  - Total covered funds in USD million: 0
  - Approved funding in USD million: 600,000
  - Donors: UNICEF, Government, Child Rights Centre (UK)

### Child labour monitoring and related outputs
- 2.1.28. Monitoring of child labour in economic and unofficial sectors
  - Indicator of outputs: Monitoring is conducted and practical recommendation are provided.

### Aggregate totals (as presented)
- Total 50,551,37 14,0850,550,0001,370,00014,080,00035,100,000

### Water, sanitation, communal infrastructure and environmental objectives (selected entries)
- Water and communal targets:
  - 1.1. Provision of the rights, by the end of 2009, to:
    - 1.2 drinking water according to GOST: cities 96% and villages 51%
    - 1.3. sanitary conditions: cities 47% and villages 37%
- Selected measures and funding:
  - 1.1.3. Implementation first phase of programme on “Improvement of drinking water supply of population for 2007-2020”
    - Indicator of outputs: Results of the programme implementation by 2012.
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 146,000
    - Total covered funds in USD million: 24,454,000
  - 1.1.4. Rehabilitation of water supply and sewerage system in Kulob, Kurgantyube and Dangara
    - Indicator of outputs: The water supply system is rehabilitated and is operating.
    - Approved funding in USD million: 27,600,000
  - 1.1.5. Establishment of the metering system for drinking water supply system
    - Indicator of outputs: The metering of effective use of water system is implemented and fully operating.
    - Approved funding in USD million: 200,000
- Environmental goals and measures:
  - Establish sustainable development principles by halting forestry degradation by 0.3%, expand forested areas, improve the protected areas by 0.6% and decrease land degradation by 1.5%. Decrease the contaminated water by 3.5%, and air pollution from mobile and permanent sources by 2%
  - 1.1. Capacity building of national and local authorities responsible for development and implementation of environmental protection policy
    - Indicator of outputs: Percentage of trained personnel
    - Implementor: Committee on Environment of GOT, OTHER AGENCIES.
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 300,000
    - Total covered funds in USD million: 300,000
  - 1.2 Coordination of environment protection with other sectoral legislation in accordance with signed ecological convention
    - Indicator of outputs: The relevant laws are amended.
    - Implementor: Environmental Protection Committee, Other Agencies
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 750,000
    - Total covered funds in USD million: 750,000
  - 2.3. Rehabilitation of pest killer poisons waste posts in Vakhsh ad Kanibadam districts and buring the old pest killers and prohibited pest killers
    - Indicator of outputs: Negotiations are conducted and resources found for these events.
    - Implementors: COES, Committee on Environment, MoH, Academy of Science
    - Total funds needed, in USD million: 5,400,000
    - Total covered funds in USD million: 5,400,000

*Source: Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12 (excerpts) from the provided document.*

### 2.8 Strengthening of the Centre for Climate Change StudiesThe Centre for Climate Change Studies has a license

### _cr10104 - 2.8 Strengthening of the Centre for Climate Change StudiesThe Centre for Climate Change Studies has a license

### Climate change research and ecosystem protection (Sections 2.8–2.10)
- 2.8 Strengthening of the Centre for Climate Change Studies
  - The Centre for Climate Change Studies has a license for research and predicting climate change.
  - Implementors: Committee on environment of GoT, MEDT, Other Agencies
  - Financials: 12,500,00012,500,000

- 2.9 Planting of trees along banks of rivers and in deserts and foothills for stabilization of water flow
  - Output: The area planted with trees has expanded by 10%.
  - Implementors: Committee on environ-ment, Other Agencies
  - Financials: 9,740,0009,740,000

- 2.10 Protection of river banks in Khatlon Province
  - Output: River banks under risk of flood are protected.
  - Implementors: Committee on environment, ADB, LRWRM, Other Agencies
  - Financials (line): 28,500,0002,531,0009,654,000016,315,000

- Aggregated environmental funding line (as presented)
  - Total: 61,010,0002,531,0009,654,00048,825,000

### Key statistics and outcomes related to gender and education (selected indicators and targets)
- Outcome trend for women in civil service:
  - The average proportion of women working as civil servants increased from 27.3% in 2005 to 35% in 2012
- Higher education gender balance:
  - Balance between the number of boys and girls students of universities: 73/27 in 2005, 65/35 in 2012
- Targeted outcomes (selected)
  - 1.2.Proportion of women in managerial positions at local authorities increased by 11%
  - 2.A series of measures developed for reducing the level of violence against women and children

### Gender policy measures, institutional strengthening, outputs, and budgets (selected entries from Annex 1)
- 1. Expand gender equality and improve the rating of development, taking into account the gender aspect — Promotion of gender equality
  - 1.1.Strengthening of the institutional framework of gender policy
    - 1.1.1 Inclusion of amendments and additions to legislative, regulatory and legal documents related to civil servants, by promoting women to state authorities. Inclusion of a quota in the process of conducting bids towards the change in the position of civil servants at different levels.
      - Mechanisms included that promote women according to the principle of “developing gender”
      - Implementors: CSA, CoWFA
      - Financials: 90,000020,00070,000
    - 1.1.2 Inclusion of amendments and additions to the law on state guarantees of equal rights of men and women and equal opportunities for their implementation, as well as other regulatory and legal documents with respect to implementation mechanisms
      - Relevant regulatory and legal documents are adopted and amendments and additions are included in the laws in force.
      - Implementors: CoWFA, MOJ
      - Financials: 60,000030,00030,000
    - 1.1.3 Adoptiong of laws and regulatory and legal documents on domestic violence protection
      - Legislative documents are adopted. Number of victims of domestic violence, who applied to law enforcement agencies and court
      - Implementors: CoWFA, MoJ, MIA, SSC
      - Financials: 100,000100,000
    - 1.1.4 Inclusion of amendments to regulatory and legal documents in order to promote gender expertise in state programmes and plans. Development of methodology for gender expertise of existing laws, regulatory and legal documents, state programmes and strategies on human rights
      - Relevant regulatory and legal documents, as well as corrections and additions, are included in the laws in force.
      - Implementor: WOMEN COMMITTEE
      - Financials: 100,0001,00040,00059,000
    - 1.1.5 Promotion of regular monitoring and an assessment system of gender policy implementation
      - The pilot monitoring system is developed and implemented.
      - Implementor: WOMEN COMMITTEE
      - Financials: 90,00020,00070,000
    - 1.1.6 Promotion of gender groups in ministries and agencies with a view to establishing an institutional mechanism of gender policy implementation at the sectoral level
      - Gender groups are established for the promotion of gender policy in ministries and agencies.
      - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, CSD
      - Financials: 60,00020,00040,000
    - 1.1.7 Preparation of personnel resources to ensure the promotion of women out of talented and motivated women professionals, who have leadership skills
      - An information mechanism on potential candidates for replacing civil positions is established. Educational programmes for women are regularly organized.
      - Implementors: CSD, WOMEN COMMITTEE
      - Financials: 80,00010,00070,000

- Education and awareness measures (selected)
  - 2.1.1 Conducting of information and educational activities to raise public opinion on the importance of education for young boys and girls.
    - Materials about the education of girls will be published in media. At the same time measures on this issue will be conducted.
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, MOE
    - Financials: 100,0001,00015,00084,000
  - 2.1.2 Offer of continued programmes and projects to support talented students and young women scientists, taking into account international experiences
    - Output: the number of supported talented female students and young women scholars.
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, MOE, AS, MOF
    - Financials: 100,0004,0006,000
  - 2.1.3 Implementation of the compulsory study of international standards of women’s rights within the human rights subjects and courses for university students
    - Output: Gender is included in the curriculum.
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, MOE
    - Financials: 80,00080,000
  - 2.1.4 Development of gender-sensitive textbooks for secondary school students
    - Output: The gender issue is also included into the standards of assessment of the quality of textbooks. Number of textbooks examined for gender
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, MOE
    - Financials: 100,000030,00070,000
  - 2.1.5 Assessment of the current spread of domestic violence and the overall violence against women in urban and rural areas. In case of need, to development of a programme on the fight against domestic violence and violence against women and children
    - Output: The analytical report and practical recommendations are developed.
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, SSC, MIA
    - Financials: 200,0001,00020,000179,000
  - 2.1.6 Support provided to the acting crisis centres and temporary shelters in Dushanbe and establishment of regional centres for the victims of the domestic violence
    - Output: The number of victims of domestic violence who applied to crisis centres: number of acting and newly established centres reached 30 by 2012
    - Implementors: MIA, WOMEN COMMITTEE
    - Financials: 872,0002,000470,000400,000
  - 2.1.7 Conducting of awareness campaigns to increase the legal awareness of the population on the negative consequences of polygamy, violence, human trafficking including children and labour migrants
    - Output: In order to address the traditional framework of domestic violence, press conferences are conducted annually.
    - Implementors: WOMEN COMMITTEE, MIA, MFA
    - Financials: 200,0002,00040,000158,000

- Aggregate figures (as presented)
  - Total (selected annex line): 2,232,00011,000715,0001,416,000

*Document: Annex 1. Matrix of Action PRS 2010-12 (excerpts presented in source content).*

### 1. Expand gender equality

### 1. Expand gender equality

### Institutional strengthening and policy mechanisms
- 1.1. Strengthening of the institutional framework of gender policy.
- 1.2. Development of the mechanism of influence with a view to promoting equal access to resources.
- 1.3. Reduction in the level of violence in families and society.
- 1.1.1. Inclusion of amendmens and additions to legislative, regulatory and legal documents related to civil servants, by promoting women to state authorities. Inclusion of a quota in the process of conducting bids towards the change in the position of civil servants at different levels.
- Mechanisms included that promote women according to the principle of “developing gender”
- CSA, CoWFA90,000020,00070,000

### Representative quotas and targets
- Female and male representatives in Parliament (Lower Chamber): Province – 25/75; Town - 25/75; District - 25/75.
- No. of women and men at the Local Assembly of People’s Deputies (Indicator of output): % 85.1/14.9 (2008) → 70/30 (2012). Responsible: Women committee, Civil Service Administration.

### Gender-related indicators (impact, outcome, output)
- Impact indicator:
  - The Gender-related Development Index of Tajikistan: rate ** **. Responsible: Women Committee, State Statistics Committee.
- Outcome indicators:
  - Percentage of women among public workers: 75.9/21.1 (2008) → 70/30 (2012). Responsible: State Statistics Committee, Women Committee.
  - Percentage of women working in managerial positions at the local authorities: 70.7/29.3 (2008) → 70/30 (2012). Responsible: State Statistics Committee. Women Committee.
  - Ratio of student girls and boys in higher education institutes: % 72/28 (2008) → 70/30 (2012). Responsible: State Statistics Committee, Women Committee.
  - Gender inequality in wages: % 61.3 (2008) → 50.0 (2012). Responsible: State Statistics Committee, Women Committee.
- Output indicators:
  - No. of registered crimes disaggregated by gender (total/by women): Persons 11,658/1,376 (2008) → – (2012). Responsible: Ministry of Interior.
  - No. of violence victims who received assistance from crisis centres and other services (women/men): Persons 1,195/47 (2008) → 2,592/150 (2012). Responsible: Women Committee.
  - *Legal and psychological assistance provided by the Committee for Women and Family Affairs under the Government.*

### Policy actions and measures (extracted from text)
- Amend legislative, regulatory and legal documents related to civil servants to promote women to state authorities.
- Include a quota in the process of conducting bids towards changes in the position of civil servants at different levels.
- Develop mechanisms that promote women according to the principle of “developing gender”.
- Strengthen services for victims: crisis centres and other services tracked by number of victims assisted (women/men).

### Cross-cutting institutional responsibilities
- Women Committee (Women Committee, Committee for Women and Family Affairs).
- State Statistics Committee.
- Civil Service Administration.
- Ministry of Interior (crime statistics).
- Women Committee (assistance to violence victims).

*Source: _cr10104 - 1. Expand gender equality*

### ANNEX  4

### ANNEX  4

### Overview
- Agencies and individuals that participated and contributed to the development of the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012.

### Members of the National Development Council under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
- O.Gh. Oqilov
- S.Kh. Khayrulloev
- M.S. Davlatov
- F.M. Hamraliev
- T.N. Nazarov
- S.M. Najmidinov
- B.T. Khudoyorov
- D. Sh. Saidov
- M.S. Solehov
- N. Kh. Zabirov

### Working Group for coordinating the development of the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–2012
- H.H.  Taghoymurodov
- U.D.  Davlatzod
- A.  A.  Rahmonov
- A.  U.  Najmiddinov
- N.A.  Abdulloeva
- B.Z. Muhammadieva
- S.B. Jobirova
- Sh.H. Gulov
- Sh.K. Sohibov
- A.R. Rasulov
- I.H.  Kamolitdinov
- S.B.  Ashurov
- R.  Amirov
- A.Kh.  Imomov
- F.M.  Hayohojaev
- A.M.  Zoirov
- Kh. Z. Khudoyorov
- A.R. Sulaymonov
- A.D. Yarov
- O.T. Sharipova
- H.J. Kurbonova
- J.Z. Yusupov
- I. N. Ghaniev
- D.S. Zohirov

### Executive Editorial Group
- Local Consultants: B.S.  Sultonov,  N.S.  Odinaev,  B.A.  Eshboev,  A.  Norov,  B.  Bahodurov,  S. Komilov
- International Consultants: V. Mikhaylov, S. Tapio

### Ministries and Agencies
- Ministries of the Republic of Tajiskistan:
  - Ministry  of  Finance
  - Ministry  of  Justice
  - Ministry  for  Land  Reclamation  and  Water  Resources
  - Ministry   of   Agriculture
  - Ministry   of   Energy   and   Industry
  - Ministry   of   Transport   and   Communications
  - Ministry  of  Labour  and  Social  Protection
  - Ministry  of  Education
  - Ministry  of  Health
  - Ministry of Internal Affairs
- State Committee on Investment and State Property Management of the Republic of Tajikistan
- State Statistics  Committee  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- Academy  of  Sciences  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- National Bank  of  Tajikistan
- Civil Service Administration under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Tax  Committee  under  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- Committee  on  Women  and  Family  Affairs  under  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- Committee  on  Youth,  Sport  and  Tourism  Affairs  under  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- Committee  on  Environment  Protection  under  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Tajikistan
- Agency for Land Management, Geodesy and Cartography under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Agency for Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Trade Supervision under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Customs Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
- State Unitary Enterprise of Khojagii Manziliyu Kommunali

### International organizations accredited in Tajikistan
- United  Nations  Development  Programme  (UNDP)
- Food  and  Agricultural  Organization  of  the  United  Nations  (FAO)
- United  Nations  International  Children’s  Fund  (UNICEF)
- United  Nations  Development  Fund  for  Women  (UNIFEM)
- World  Bank  (WB)
- Department  for  International  Development,   United   Kingdom   (DFID)
- Asian  Development  Bank  (ADB)
- the  European  Commission  (EC)
- the  International  Monetary  Fund  (IMF)
- the  Swiss  Agency  for  Development  and  Cooperation  (SDC)

*Source: _cr10104 - ANNEX  4, https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/_cr10104.pdf*

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/_cr10104.pdf_