## _cr12233

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---

### Purpose
- Mission visited Lima, Peru during December 12–16, 2011 as part of the STA TA program in collaboration with the Western Hemisphere Department (WHD).
- Main purpose: evaluate results achieved in Peru from STA TA and training in compilation and dissemination of macroeconomic statistics during 1993–2011.
- Objectives:
  - Elicit views of authorities and stakeholders on effectiveness of STA TA and training and discuss improvements.
  - Discuss TA and training priorities for the period ahead.
  - Discuss outstanding issues related to data reporting to the Fund.

### Evaluation methodology and scope
- Evaluation covers all STA TA and training provided to Peru during 1993–2011, including:
  - a 1993 Multisector statistics mission;
  - 18 single-topic TA missions;
  - training to over 100 Peruvian officials at Headquarters, regional training centers, and in Peru;
  - a 2003 Data Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (Data ROSC).
- Methods used:
  - Reviewed the amount, form, and topics of TA and training provided by STA since 1993 and reviewed available TA documents prior to the mission (briefing papers, TA reports and TA notes, back-to-office reports).
  - Summarized mission findings and derived results obtained by Peruvian authorities with STA support.
  - Elicited authorities’ views on effectiveness and status of implementation of major STA recommendations, and discussed TA/training delivery modes.
  - Solicited views from national users of statistics, including interviews with TA donors and other stakeholders.
  - Consulted with WHD; used WHD documents (especially the Statistical Issues Appendix to the latest Article IV staff report, 2011).
  - Distributed a questionnaire to main data-compiling and disseminating agencies and selected users (questionnaire and responses in Appendix V).

### Summary of TA and training provided (1993–2011) and delivery modalities
- Mission counts and training:
  - Nine national accounts missions.
  - Two consumer price index missions.
  - Four government finance missions.
  - Two monetary and financial missions.
  - One balance of payments statistics mission.
  - Over 100 officials have attended IMF training at headquarters, regional centers, and in Peru.
- Delivery modalities:
  - None of the TA was delivered using long-term statistical advisors.
  - All TA was provided directly from IMF financial resources, without recourse to other donors; training delivered through regional centers relied on support from partners maintaining those centers.
- Quality of TA products:
  - Quality of TA reports, backstopping and report management were generally adequate and improved over time.
  - Most TA documents were readily available via the TAIMS system; some early-1990s mission documents were difficult to find or missing, and in one or two instances a final TA report was not prepared.
  - In some cases a single report covered multiple single-topic visits.
  - STA's thorough backstopping and review processes contributed to high-quality final products, though resource-intensive.

### Key findings: relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, sustainability
- Relevance and Efficiency
  - TA has been relevant, in most cases responding to demand expressed by Peruvian authorities.
  - TA interventions were efficient and remained focused on STA’s comparative advantages and core expertise.
- Effectiveness by domain
  - STA TA was reasonably effective, especially in government finance statistics (GFS) and monetary and financial statistics (MFS).
  - For national accounts (NA) and prices, longer gestation periods and institutional support were needed to implement recommendations.
- Impact and Sustainability
  - TA had strong and positive impacts in most cases, demonstrated by results obtained by the authorities with STA support, including:
    - implementation of changes in national accounts base years;
    - compilation of a national consumer price index (CPI);
    - implementation of updated methodologies for GFS and MFS;
    - stronger inter-institutional collaboration.
  - These impacts demonstrated the long-term nature of interventions and their sustainability.
- STA report quality and management
  - Quality of TA reports, backstopping and report management in STA were generally adequate.
  - Documents related to TA were found without difficulty, with few exceptions.
  - In general, the quality of the TA reports was high.

### Findings from diagnostic missions (1993 multisector mission and 2003 Data ROSC)
- 1993 multisector mission main findings:
  - Strengthen inter-agency coordination: recommended establishment of a permanent high-level commission involving the BCRP, the INEI and the MEF to coordinate compilation and dissemination, resolve data discrepancies, strengthen legal foundations, assess adequacy of human resources, and exploit electronic technologies and automation.
  - National accounts and prices:
    - Possible overestimation of GDP in current prices due to CPI underestimate during 1979–90, especially during hyperinflation years.
    - Encouraged compilation of an urban CPI extending Lima CPI to other cities.
    - Lack of adequate source data hampered NA compilation.
    - Need to update NA base year from 1979.
  - GFS shortcomings: incomplete institutional coverage, inadequate sectoring, fragmented data sources, weak reporting by government units to the MEF, poor accounting and administrative procedures, many exceptions to budget regulations; absence of a unit at the MEF responsible for compiling and disseminating GFS identified as a significant limitation.
  - MFS shortcomings: incorrect methodological treatment of certain items, inadequate sectoring of nonfinancial public sector and inconsistency with GFS sectoring, complex and rigid compilation system, need for more detailed BCRP breakdowns, need for SBS to apply legal sanctions to institutions that do not report timely.
  - BOP recommendations: distinguish transactions and other economic flows in international reserves; undertake surveys for financial services, interest payments, private external assets, and FDI; improve sectorization of public external debt and strengthen private external and domestic debt statistics.
- 2003 Data ROSC main recommendations:
  - Improve scope, classification, sectorization, and basis for recording across datasets.
  - Improve coordination among producers; increase survey response rates, particularly for NA source data.
  - Simultaneous release of NA and prices; improved presentation and dissemination of metadata.
  - NA: implement new benchmark and base year; adopt methodology for quarterly NA consistent with annual NA; further implement 1993 SNA methodology and double deflation techniques where possible; conduct additional surveys and improve response rates.
  - Prices: reintroduce imputed rent weight for owner-occupied housing into Lima index; update classification system and set fixed calendar for weight revisions; expand WPI coverage; pilot a PPI.
  - GFS: assign single agency responsibility for compiling and disseminating GFS; reconcile BCRP and MEF data regularly; publish more detailed data and debt tables; develop migration path to GFSM 2001.
  - MFS: include all depository corporations in DCS; conform sectoral breakdowns to MFSM 2000; improve coordination between BCRP and SBS; plan full adoption of MFSM 2000.
  - BOP: improve scope of data sources for financial flows of residents; compile Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity; compile public and private external debt on an accrual basis.
  - Overall: Peru’s macroeconomic statistics were broadly adequate for effective surveillance, but important shortcomings in NA and prices could detract from accurate and timely analysis and policy formulation.

### Sector-specific progress and single-topic missions
- National accounts (NA)
  - STA provided nine short-term missions since 1993.
  - Progress sometimes slow due to management and staff turnover, time needed to develop source data, and implementing changes to large data sets.
  - Most important TA recommendations incorporated as part of large projects to change the base year.
  - Work on the 1994 base year was published in 2000.
  - Results of effort to update base year to 2007 were scheduled to be published in early 2012.
  - Improvements depended heavily on availability and quality of source data.
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) and prices
  - STA provided two TA missions (1994 and 2011) plus recommendations in the 2003 Data ROSC.
  - Many recommendations implemented (e.g., updating classifications); some recommendations (e.g., incorporation of imputed rent) were not pursued.
  - A national CPI covering 26 urban areas, including Lima, was scheduled for dissemination in February 2012, beginning with data from January.
  - Authorities initiated work on a PPI (may need future TA); expansion of WPI coverage had not been undertaken, partially due to lack of source data.
- Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
  - STA fielded two TA missions to BCRP in 1993 and 1994 and two missions to MEF in 2006 and 2008.
  - Recommendations to BCRP largely implemented, resulting in good quality annual and sub-annual fiscal statistics using GFSM 1986.
  - MEF mission recommendations partially implemented, including introduction of new budgetary classifications in 2009 better aligned with GFSM 2001 classifications.
  - In August 2009 the MEF discontinued dissemination of monthly fiscal statistics; they are still compiled but only for internal MEF use.
  - BCRP disseminates annual and sub-annual GFS in close coordination with MEF using same source data.
  - No decision to develop a migration plan to adopt GFSM 2001 methodology.
- Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS)
  - STA fielded two TA missions to BCRP in 2007 and 2008.
  - Authorities viewed these missions as related to adoption of STA’s standardized reporting forms (SRFs) for reporting to the IMF rather than addressing pressing domestic compilation or dissemination issues.
  - Methodological recommendations largely implemented; MFS compiled and disseminated are of good quality.
  - Peru regularly reports MFS to the Fund using SRFs covering the central bank survey.
- Balance of Payments (BOP)
  - 1997 TA assisted authorities to improve proxy methods for estimating remittances.
  - Over time authorities developed stronger tools, including surveys, to enhance remittance statistics.
  - Authorities stated that training courses and remote TA support for specific methodological issues have been the best way to fulfill their needs on external sector statistics.

### Training, staffing, and capacity building (1993–2012)
- Training observations:
  - Authorities made good use of staff who participated in IMF-organized statistics courses.
  - Key staff in the BCRP and the INEI that work directly on compilation and dissemination benefitted from training.
  - Following years of training, the BCRP counts on a significant cadre of staff well versed in GFS, MFS, and BOP statistics.
  - Some trained staff are no longer working in those statistical areas due to competing priorities and staff reallocations.
  - In the MEF, there are no staff currently working on the compilation of GFS.
- Results and methodological updates:
  - NA: updated to 1994 base year (published 2000); work to update to 2007 base year (strengthened compilation of financial services and followed 1993 SNA and some elements of 2008 SNA) scheduled for dissemination when manufacturing revision completed.
  - Prices: new national CPI with updated classifications and monthly data beginning January 2012 scheduled for dissemination in February 2012.
  - GFS: provision of quarterly and annual GFS data and institutional classification table for general government to the Fund using GFSM 2001 framework by the BCRP.
  - MFS: compilation following MFSM 2000 guidelines; initiation of reporting to STA using SRFs for central bank, ODCs, and other financial corporations survey.
  - External sector: strengthened remittance data sources and compilation; compilation and dissemination of international investment position data and reserves-template data.
  - Cross-cutting: application of 1993 SNA, GFSM 2001, MFSM 2000, and BPM5 strengthened inter-sectoral consistency and international comparability.
- Inter-agency coordination and dissemination:
  - TA helped foster inter-institutional collaboration via technical working groups ("comisiones") and formal agreements ("convenios de colaboración").
  - Peru subscribed to the SDDS in 1996; developed Advance Release Calendars and disseminated according to calendar on Peru’s National Summary Data Page.
  - TA contributed to underlying data sets required under the SDDS though achievements not solely attributable to TA.

### Lessons learned (1993–2011 experience)
- Overall effectiveness:
  - Consensus that IMF TA and training contributed to improved macroeconomic statistics in Peru over the last 20 years.
  - Diagnostic/assessment missions provided a useful starting point for a work program pursued through single-topic TA missions and training.
  - TA effectiveness benefited from strong domestic capacity and quality counterparts; constrained capacity made tasks more challenging.
  - National accounts progress often took several years and depended on source data and steady leadership.
- TA and data quality:
  - TA enhances data quality via adoption of internationally accepted methodologies, improving comparability and consistency.
  - Fund assessments provided feedback, enhancing credibility and direction for improvements.
- Management and staff turnover risks:
  - Turnover in key compiling agencies can limit or reverse progress.
  - Institutionalization via standardized compilation methods, reports, and documented metadata helps; need focus on management buy-in and training a critical mass of compilers.
  - Example: strengthening INEI governance (establishment of an Executive Board) could improve strategic direction; frequent/political changes in Directors, less than competitive remuneration, and insufficient resources have hindered real sector statistics improvements.
- Communications and clarity of TA objectives:
  - Clarifying TA objectives in advance is important; communications issues determine TA effectiveness and relevance.
  - Close collaboration with area departments supports evidence-based policy consultations and efficient results.
  - Improved outreach before and after missions can give authorities better understanding of missions, especially when STA pursues international objectives.
- Modalities and flexibility:
  - A mix of multisector assessment missions, short-term TA missions, training, and remote TA was applied appropriately.
  - Remote TA efficient where technical capacity existed and where TA targeted specific issues; not a perfect substitute for field visits but useful for pre-mission exchanges and follow-up.
- Results-Based Management (RBM):
  - Current framework does not consistently contain full RBM elements (objectives, outcomes, indicators, milestones, risk assessments).
  - Benefits of RBM for TA delivery and evaluation include clear ex-ante objectives with SMART verifiable indicators, linkages to inputs/outputs, consistent tracking of progress, and stronger ex-post evaluations.
  - Suggested documentation in a Logical Framework linked to TA project documents (see Appendix VI for IMF log frame).

### Conclusions and recommendations (paragraphs 66–70)
- Effectiveness:
  - Whenever practical first conduct a diagnostic mission, then develop a work program to provide TA and training support to meet identified needs.
  - Promote institutionalization of standardized: (1) compilation methods following internationally accepted statistical standards; (2) reports; and (3) comprehensive and documented metadata.
  - Set SMART prior conditions (milestones/benchmarks) before providing follow-up TA, but remain flexible to country needs and circumstances.
  - Provide fair and frank feedback on statistical improvements to guide further progress and lend credibility to statistics.
  - Serve as an independent conduit to communicate users’ (and compilers’) views to statistical managers and resource decision–makers to help set priorities.
  - Provide opportunities to strengthen inter-agency cooperation.
- Relevance:
  - Liaise closely with management in data-producing agencies to enhance understanding and promote buy-in of TA recommendations and follow-up actions.
  - Clarify and agree on TA objectives well in advance so missions are demand-driven or well understood and supported by authorities.
- Efficiency:
  - Emphasize open communication with others, including the donor community, to promote most efficient delivery of TA and training.
  - Continue to provide TA and training using a variety of modalities in a flexible manner to suit recipient needs.
- Impact and sustainability:
  - Aim to build strong capacity in the recipient country, including a critical mass of compilers, to facilitate future TA absorption capacity and promote sustainability of results.
  - Base TA and training on a Results-Based Management framework to identify objectives, outcomes, SMART verifiable indicators, milestones and related assumptions and risks; document information over time to strengthen evaluations.

### Possible TA and training for Peru in the future (paragraphs 71–72)
- INEI short-term TA requests for real sector statistics:
  - Presentation of the new 2007 base year of the national accounts.
  - Compilation of quarterly national accounts using the 2007 base year.
  - Compilation of the financial accounts for all sectors using the 2007 base year.
  - Compilation of the monthly manufacturing production index using a 2007 base year.
  - Compilation of an industrial manufacturing producers' price index.
- Line ministries (e.g., Ministries of Agriculture and Production) expressed interest in Fund courses on national accounts to train source data providers.
- GFS: MEF intends to explore TA and training options on GFS, focusing on compilation using GFSM 2001; mission recommended MEF consult with BCRP on conversion work to GFSM 2001 format.
- MFS and external sector (and GFS): BCRP will rely on regular training courses and remote TA; no short-term TA missions anticipated.
- Authorities recognized need to further strengthen inter-institutional collaboration and welcomed Fund intervention to convene the three main macroeconomic data producing agencies.
- Authorities recognized need to promote among users a better understanding of available statistics and how to access them; Fund TA can be catalytic but cannot substitute for direct agency action.

### Data reporting to STA (paragraph 73)
- Mission discussed regular reporting via the Integrated Correspondence System for annual and high-frequency GFS, the BOP and the IIP, exchange rates and international liquidity, and direction of trade data.
- Contact information was updated or confirmed.
- Mission stressed advisability of reporting preliminary data followed by revisions, instead of delaying reporting until final data became available.
- Authorities agreed to address all issues raised and were in contact with STA information management staff to begin resolving outstanding issues before the mission left the field.

### Appendix V: Questionnaire survey findings (summary)
- Questionnaires sent: 42; replies received: 12 (5 declined to complete questionnaire).
- Question 5 (overall usefulness across areas):
  - Very useful: 57%
  - Mostly useful: 29%
  - Somewhat useful: 29%
- Question 6 (progress since 1993):
  - Very significant: 71%
  - Mostly significant: 14%
- Question 7(a) (progress since 2003):
  - Very significant: 43%
  - Mostly significant: 43%
  - Barely significant: 29%
- Question 7(b) (value of participation in IMF training in statistics):
  - Very useful: 43%
  - Mostly useful: 43%
  - Somewhat useful: 14%
- Question 8 (responses to statements on TA — selected percentages):
  - Areas of technical assistance work responded to your priority need: Strongly Agree: 29%; Agree: 71%.
  - Structure, length, and content of mission reports are appropriate: Strongly Agree: 71%; Agree: 29%.
  - Technical assistance facilitated your policy analysis, formulation, and monitoring: Strongly Agree: 43%.
  - Technical assistance facilitated dissemination (publication) of more and better quality statistics: Strongly Agree: 43%.
  - Technical assistance facilitated national authorities’ coordination and interaction with other donors: Strongly Agree: 43%; Agree: 29%.
- Question 9 (preferred delivery modes ranking):
  - Training/workshops (HQ and Regional Centers): ranked 1 by 71% of respondents.
  - Short (two week) mission/visit: rankings distributed 1 (29%), 2 (29%), 3 (29%), 4 (14%).
  - Resident expert: ranked 2 by 14%.
- Additional survey themes:
  - Goals for future TA: assess consistency with IMF manuals, address practical issues on sources and questionnaires, adopt 2008 SNA elements, allow more preparation time prior to missions.
  - Suggested assessment criteria: appropriateness of recommendations; quantity and quality of statistics; timeliness and level of detail; progress implementing earlier recommendations; availability of long time series and metadata.
  - Perceived results of TA 1993–2003 and since 2003 included adoption of international manuals, correction of inflation overestimation from hyperinflation period, improved quality and availability of information, and BCRP reporting in line with international guidelines.

*Source: Executive Summary and selected sections of STA TA Evaluation Mission report on Peru covering STA TA and training provided during 1993–2011 (mission to Lima, Peru: December 12–16, 2011).*

### Executive Summary ......................................................................................................

### Executive Summary

### Purpose
- As part of the STA TA program and in collaboration with the Western Hemisphere Department (WHD), a mission visited Lima, Peru during December 12–16, 2011.
- Main purpose: evaluate the results achieved in Peru as a consequence of STA TA and training in the compilation and dissemination of macroeconomic statistics during the past 20 years.
- Objectives:
  - Elicit the views of the authorities and other stakeholders on the effectiveness of TA and training provided by STA and discuss how it could be improved.
  - Discuss TA and training priorities for the period ahead.
  - Discuss outstanding issues related to data reporting to the Fund.

### Scope
- Evaluation covers all STA TA and training provided to Peru during 1993–2011, including:
  - a 1993 Multisector statistics mission;
  - 18 single-topic TA missions;
  - training to over 100 Peruvian officials at Headquarters, regional training centers, and in Peru;
  - a 2003 Data Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (Data ROSC).
- Appendices referenced for mission lists and training details: Appendices II–IV.

### Methods Used
- Reviewed the amount, form, and topics of TA and training provided by STA since 1993 and reviewed available TA documents prior to the mission.
- Summarized mission findings and derived results obtained by Peruvian authorities with STA support.
- Elicited authorities’ views on effectiveness and status of implementation of major STA recommendations, and discussed modes of TA and training delivery.
- Solicited views from national users of statistics, including interviews with TA donors and other stakeholders.
- Consulted with WHD and used WHD documents to collect WHD views on usefulness and effectiveness of STA TA and training.
- Distributed a questionnaire to main data-compiling and disseminating agencies and selected users; questionnaire and responses appear in Appendix V.

### Key Findings
- Relevance and Efficiency
  - TA has been relevant, in most cases responding to demand expressed by Peruvian authorities.
  - TA interventions were efficient and remained focused on STA’s comparative advantages and core expertise.
- Effectiveness by Domain
  - STA TA was reasonably effective, especially in government finance statistics (GFS) and monetary and financial statistics (MFS).
  - For national accounts (NA) and prices, longer gestation periods and institutional support were needed to implement recommendations.
- Impact and Sustainability
  - TA had strong and positive impacts in most cases, demonstrated by results obtained by the authorities with STA support.
  - Examples of results:
    - implementation of changes in national accounts base years;
    - compilation of a national consumer price index (CPI);
    - implementation of updated methodologies for GFS and MFS;
    - stronger inter-institutional collaboration.
  - These impacts demonstrated the long-term nature of interventions and their sustainability.
- STA Report Quality and Management
  - Quality of TA reports, backstopping and report management in STA were generally adequate.
  - Documents related to TA were found without difficulty, with few exceptions.
  - In general, the quality of the TA reports was high.

### Lessons Learned
- General
  - Consensus that TA and training provided to Peru during 1993–2011 was effective and consistent across statistical domains and helped enhance data quality.
- Human Resources
  - Management and staff turn-over in data-producing agencies can present an obstacle to TA effectiveness.
- Communications
  - Communications issues influence TA effectiveness and relevance; closer communication between the Fund and the authorities would foment more effective and relevant TA.
  - Effective TA can facilitate communication within and across data-producing agencies.
- Modalities and Flexibility
  - Flexibility in modalities of TA and training delivery contributes to effectiveness.
- Results-Based Management (RBM)
  - Adoption of a formal RBM approach to TA delivery would facilitate preparation, follow-up and evaluation of future TA and training missions.

### Conclusions and Recommendations
- Whenever practical first conduct a diagnostic mission, then develop a work program to provide TA and training support to meet the needs identified.
- Promote institutionalization of standardized:
  - (1) compilation methods following internationally accepted statistical standards;
  - (2) reports; and
  - (3) comprehensive and documented metadata.
- Set prior conditions (milestones/benchmarks) before providing follow-up TA, but remain flexible to country needs and circumstances.
- Liaise closely with management in data-producing agencies to enhance understanding of TA objectives and promote buy-in of TA recommendations and follow-up actions.
- Emphasize open communication with others, including the donor community, to promote efficient delivery of TA and training.
- Continue to provide TA and training using a variety of modalities (e.g. visits and remote TA) in a flexible manner to suit recipient needs.
- Aim to build strong capacity in the recipient country, including a critical mass of compilers, to facilitate future TA absorption capacity and promote sustainability through a combination of intensive TA and related training.
- Apply a Results-Based Management (RBM) framework to strengthen TA delivery through formal identification of objectives, outcomes, verifiable indicators, milestones and related assumptions and risks; RBM requires documenting this information over time to strengthen subsequent evaluations.

### TA and Training for Peru in the Future
- During the mission, Peruvian authorities expressed interest in short-term TA and training in:
  - national accounts (especially regarding the new 2007 base year);
  - indices related to manufacturing;
  - government finance statistics (GFS).
- For monetary and financial statistics (MFS) and external sector statistics, remote TA and participation in STA’s regularly offered training courses were deemed more appropriate.

### Data Reporting to STA
- Mission stressed advisability of reporting preliminary data followed by revisions, instead of waiting until final data became available.
- The authorities agreed to address all issues raised by the mission.

*Source: Executive Summary of STA TA Evaluation Mission report on Peru, covering STA TA and training provided during 1993–2011 (mission to Lima, Peru: December 12–16, 2011).*

### 10.      To conduct the evaluation, the mission: (1) reviewed the amount, form, and topics of

### _cr12233 - 10.      To conduct the evaluation, the mission: (1) reviewed the amount, form, and topics of

### Evaluation methodology and scope
- The mission: (1) reviewed the amount, form, and topics of TA and training provided by STA since 1993 and reviewed available TA documents prior to the mission (including briefing papers, TA reports and TA notes, and back-to-office reports); (2) summarized the findings of those missions and derived the results obtained by the Peruvian authorities with the support of this TA and training; (3) elicited the authorities’ views on the effectiveness of STA’s TA and training, and discussed the status of implementation of major recommendations made by STA, as well as the modes of TA and training delivery they consider most appropriate; (4) solicited views from national users of statistics, including interviews with TA donors and other stakeholders; and (5) consulted with WHD and used WHD documents (especially the Statistical Issues Appendix to the latest Article IV staff report, 2011) to collect WHD views on the usefulness and effectiveness of STA TA and training on Peruvian macroeconomic statistics.
- To obtain views, the mission provided each of the main data-compiling and disseminating agencies, and selected users, with a questionnaire on the usefulness of, and main lessons learned from, STA’s TA and training with a focus on results; the questionnaire also asked about future TA and training needs. The authorities provided completed questionnaires prior to the mission. The questionnaire and a summary of the responses appear in Appendix V.
- The evaluation report summarizes findings, lessons, and recommendations regarding TA and training with respect to: (1) relevance and effectiveness (including alignment with government priorities); (2) efficiency (including coordination with donors); and (3) impact and sustainability (including constraints on absorptive capacity). Relative rankings and quantitative analysis were not possible; qualitative assessments were undertaken based on stakeholder views. The evaluation also assesses the quality of TA reports, backstopping, and report management.
- Timeframe considerations: the mission reviewed a long span of TA and training to evaluate achievement of results, while acknowledging limitations where direct interaction with past key players was not possible; some critical information for evaluation of some TA projects may not have been available.

### Summary of TA and training provided by STA (1993–2011) and general assessment
- Peru benefited from significant STA TA and training since 1993: a multisector mission in 1993, a Data ROSC in 2003, and multiple single-topic missions.
- Mission counts and training:
  - Nine national accounts missions.
  - Two consumer price index missions.
  - Four government finance missions.
  - Two monetary and financial missions.
  - One balance of payments statistics mission.
  - Over 100 officials have attended IMF training at headquarters, regional centers, and in Peru.
- Delivery modalities:
  - None of the TA was delivered using long-term statistical advisors.
  - All TA was provided directly from IMF financial resources, without recourse to other donors; training delivered through regional centers relied on support from partners maintaining those centers.
- Quality of TA products:
  - The quality of TA reports, backstopping and report management were generally adequate and improved over time.
  - Most TA documents were readily available via the TAIMS system; some early-1990s mission documents were difficult to find or missing, and in one or two instances a final TA report was not prepared.
  - In some cases a single report covered multiple single-topic visits.
  - STA's thorough backstopping and review processes contributed to high-quality final products, though resource-intensive.

### Findings from diagnostic missions (1993 multisector mission and 2003 Data ROSC)
- 1993 multisector mission — main findings and recommendations:
  - Strengthen inter-agency coordination: recommended establishment of a permanent high-level commission involving the BCRP, the INEI and the MEF to coordinate compilation and dissemination, resolve data discrepancies, strengthen legal foundations, assess adequacy of human resources, and exploit electronic technologies and automation.
  - National accounts (NA) and price statistics:
    - Possible overestimation of GDP in current prices due to CPI underestimate during 1979–90, especially during hyperinflation years.
    - Encouraged compilation of an urban CPI extending Lima CPI to other cities.
    - Lack of adequate source data hampered NA compilation.
    - Need to update NA base year from 1979.
  - Government finance statistics (GFS):
    - Shortcomings: incomplete institutional coverage, inadequate sectoring, fragmented data sources, weak reporting by government units to the MEF, poor accounting and administrative procedures, many exceptions to budget regulations.
    - Absence of a unit at the MEF responsible for compiling and disseminating GFS identified as a significant limitation.
  - Monetary and financial statistics (MFS):
    - Shortcomings: incorrect methodological treatment of certain items, inadequate sectoring of the nonfinancial public sector and inconsistency with GFS sectoring, complex and rigid compilation system, need for more detailed BCRP breakdowns, need for SBS to apply legal sanctions to institutions that do not report timely.
  - Balance of payments (BOP) statistics:
    - Measurement of international reserves needed to distinguish between transactions and other economic flows.
    - Recommended surveys to cover financial services, interest payments, private external assets, and foreign direct investment; increase human resources to improve survey response rates.
    - Recommended registration in the balance of payments of transactions by financial institutions with nonresidents even if they did not affect international reserves.
    - Public external debt data of high quality, but recommended sectorization of transactions by type of debtor; private external and domestic debt statistics needed strengthening.
- 2003 Data ROSC — main findings and recommendations:
  - Provided in-depth assessment of NA, CPI, WPI, GFS, monetary, and BOP statistics, and the BCRP and INEI.
  - Found room to improve scope, classification, sectorization, and basis for recording in all datasets.
  - Legal and institutional framework broadly adequate; institutions professional with ethical guidelines.
  - Coordination mechanisms among producers of official statistics weak, resulting in duplication; low survey response rates, particularly for NA source data.
  - Recommended simultaneous release of NA and prices to all interested parties and improved presentation and dissemination of metadata.
  - National accounts recommendations:
    - Implement new benchmark and base year for NA.
    - Adopt methodology used for annual NA to compile quarterly NA and reconcile quarterly and annual data.
    - Further implement System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) methodology (complete set of institutional accounts) and double deflation techniques where possible.
    - Conduct additional surveys, improve survey design and execution, and raise response rates.
  - Prices recommendations:
    - Reintroduce weight for imputed rent for owner-occupied housing into Lima index.
    - Update classification system and set fixed calendar for weight revisions.
    - Expand WPI coverage to include mining, oil and gas extraction, electricity and water, public transportation and communication.
    - Seek improved data from SUNAT and establish fixed calendar of weights.
    - Pilot a PPI using a subset of WPI-related data with view to replacing WPI in future.
  - GFS recommendations:
    - Assign a single agency responsibility for compiling and disseminating GFS.
    - Reconcile BCRP and MEF/Accountant General’s Office data on a regular basis.
    - Publish more detailed data for all levels of government and debt tables by subsectors of public sector by type of sector of debt holder and instrument.
    - Develop a migration path to adopt Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001).
  - MFS recommendations:
    - Include all depository corporations in the depository corporations survey (DCS).
    - Conform sectoral breakdowns and financial surveys to Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual 2000 (MFSM 2000).
    - Improve coordination between BCRP and SBS to avoid duplication.
    - Develop a plan for full adoption of MFSM 2000.
  - BOP recommendations:
    - Improve scope of data sources for compiling financial flows of individual residents.
    - Compile the Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity.
    - Compile public and private external debt on an accrual basis.
  - Overall Data ROSC conclusion:
    - Peru’s macroeconomic statistics and statistical database were broadly adequate for effective surveillance, but important shortcomings in NA and prices could detract from accurate and timely analysis and policy formulation.

### TA evaluation mission findings on single-topic missions and sector-specific progress
- National accounts (NA):
  - STA provided nine short-term missions since 1993.
  - Progress slow at times due to Management and staff turnover, time needed to develop source data, and implementing changes to large data sets.
  - Most important TA recommendations incorporated as part of large projects to change the base year.
  - Work on the 1994 base year was published in 2000.
  - Results of effort to update base year to 2007 were scheduled to be published in early 2012.6
  - Improvements in NA depended heavily on availability and quality of source data.
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) and price statistics:
  - STA provided two TA missions (1994 and 2011) plus recommendations in the 2003 Data ROSC.
  - Many recommendations implemented (e.g., updating classifications); some (e.g., incorporation of imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings) were not pursued.
  - A national CPI covering 26 urban areas, including Lima, was scheduled for dissemination in February 2012, beginning with data from January.7
  - Authorities initiated work on a PPI (may need future TA); expansion of WPI coverage recommended earlier had not been undertaken, partially due to lack of source data.
- Government Finance Statistics (GFS):
  - STA fielded two TA missions to BCRP in 1993 and 1994 and two missions to MEF in 2006 and 2008.
  - Recommendations to BCRP largely implemented, resulting in good quality annual and sub-annual fiscal statistics using GFSM 1986.
  - MEF mission recommendations partially implemented, including introduction of new budgetary classifications in 2009 better aligned with GFSM 2001 classifications.
  - In August 2009 the MEF discontinued dissemination of monthly fiscal statistics; they are still compiled but only for internal MEF use.
  - BCRP disseminates annual and sub-annual GFS in close coordination with MEF using same source data.
  - At present there is no decision to develop a migration plan to adopt GFSM 2001 methodology.
- Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS):
  - STA fielded two TA missions to BCRP in 2007 and 2008.
  - Authorities viewed these missions as related to adoption of STA’s standardized reporting forms (SRFs) for reporting to the IMF rather than addressing pressing domestic compilation or dissemination issues.
  - Methodological recommendations largely implemented; MFS compiled and disseminated are of good quality.
  - Peru regularly reports MFS to the Fund using SRFs covering the central bank survey.
- Balance of Payments (BOP):
  - 1997 TA assisted authorities to improve proxy methods for estimating remittances.
  - Over time authorities developed stronger tools, including surveys, to enhance remittance statistics.
  - Authorities stated that training courses and remote TA support for specific methodological issues have been the best way to fulfill their needs on external sector statistics.

*Source: IMF STA TA evaluation mission report text (sections 10–33).*

### 34.      With regard to training, the mission found that the authorities made good use of the staff who

### _cr12233 - 34. With regard to training, the mission found that the authorities made good use of the staff who

### Training and staffing observations
- The authorities made good use of staff who participated in various courses on statistics organized by the IMF (paragraph 34).
- Key staff in the BCRP and the INEI that work directly on the compilation and dissemination of macroeconomic statistics have benefitted from this training (paragraph 34).
- Following years of training, the BCRP counts on a significant cadre of staff that are well versed in GFS, MFS, and the BOP statistics (paragraph 34).
- Some trained staff in those institutions are no longer working in those statistical areas, in part due to competing priorities that led to staff reallocations (paragraph 34).
- In the case of the MEF, there are no staff currently working on the compilation of GFS (paragraph 34).

### Results: progress during 1993–2012
- During 1993–2012 the Peruvian authorities have made progress to strengthen their macroeconomic statistics (paragraph 35).
- Most progress was achieved with regard to the application of more recent internationally accepted statistical methodologies (paragraph 35).
- Authorities began to compile and disseminate important new sets of external sector data, such as international investment position data, and the reserve assets and foreign currency liquidity data in the IMF’s Reserves Template (paragraph 35).
- Other notable improvements included:
  - Dissemination of large amounts of data via electronic means rather than exclusively by hard copy (paragraph 35).
  - Subscription of Peru to the SDDS (paragraph 35).
- Some efforts were supported through the provision of IMF TA (directly and remotely), and training (paragraph 35).

### Key statistical developments and methodology updates (selected)
- National accounts:
  - New base years for the national accounts: during 1993–2000, NA statistics were updated to a 1994 base year; work has been on-going to update the accounts to a 2007 base year (paragraph 36, first bullet).
  - The 2007 base year NA statistics strengthened the compilation of financial services and followed the guidelines of the 1993 SNA as well as some elements of the 2008 SNA (paragraph 36, first bullet).
  - The 2007 base year NA statistics are scheduled for dissemination as soon as the revision of manufacturing statistics is completed (paragraph 36, first bullet).
- Prices:
  - Compilation of a new national CPI with updated classifications and monthly data beginning in January 2012, scheduled for dissemination in February 2012 (paragraph 36, second bullet).
- Government finance statistics:
  - Provision of quarterly and annual GFS data, as well as an institutional classification table, for general government to the Fund using the GFSM 2001 framework by the BCRP (paragraph 36, third bullet).
- Monetary and financial statistics:
  - Compilation of MFS following the MFSM 2000 guidelines, and initiation of the reporting to STA using the Fund’s SRFs for the central bank, ODCs, and the other financial corporations survey (paragraph 36, fourth bullet).
- Balance of payments and external sector:
  - Strengthened data sources and compilation methods for remittances in the balance of payments (paragraph 36, fifth bullet).
  - Compilation and dissemination of international investment position data and reserves-template data (paragraph 35 and table references).
- Cross-cutting methodological convergence:
  - Application of the 1993 SNA, the GFSM 2001, the MFSM 2000, and the Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition strengthened inter-sectoral consistency and international comparability (paragraph 36, sixth bullet).

### Inter-agency coordination and dissemination
- TA helped foster inter-institutional collaboration across data producing agencies and with the international community (paragraph 36, seventh bullet).
- Improved coordination was facilitated through technical working groups (“comisiones”) and formal agreements (“convenios de colaboración”) (paragraph 36, seventh bullet).
- Peru subscribed to the SDDS in 1996; subscription involved development and dissemination of Advance Release Calendars and dissemination according to that calendar on Peru’s National Summary Data Page (paragraph 36, eighth bullet).
- While these achievements could not be directly attributed to TA, TA contributed to underlying data sets required under the SDDS (paragraph 36, eighth bullet).

### Summary of findings on TA relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability
- Relevance:
  - TA has been relevant in most cases, responding to demand expressed by the Peruvian authorities; exception: MFS TA was less relevant to immediate domestic needs (paragraph 37).
- Effectiveness:
  - STA TA was reasonably effective, especially in GFS and MFS (paragraph 38).
  - NA and prices required longer gestation periods and were sometimes dependent on adequate source data and sufficient institutional support, including top management (paragraph 38).
- Efficiency:
  - TA interventions were efficient, helped by STA’s focus on core technical expertise which allowed donors to complement in other areas (paragraph 39).
- Impact and sustainability:
  - TA had strong and positive impacts in most cases, evidenced by implementation of changes in national accounts base years; compilation of a national CPI; updated methodologies for GFS and MFS; and stronger inter-institutional collaboration (paragraph 40).
  - These impacts demonstrate the long-term nature of the interventions and the sustainability of those impacts (paragraph 40).

### Views from agencies and users
- Official data-producing agencies (BCRP, INEI, MEF) reported that TA:
  - Was in accordance with authorities’ needs (less so for MFS);
  - Provided effective hands-on training in addressed areas;
  - Contributed to dissemination of more and better quality statistics (paragraph 41).
- Modalities preferences:
  - INEI prefers short-term TA and training (paragraph 42).
  - BCRP considers it had essentially exhausted needs for short-term TA and prefers direct consultations via remote means and training courses (paragraph 42).
  - MEF has received short-term TA on GFS and may explore such support again; MEF plans to continue benefiting from IMF training courses on GFS (paragraph 42).
- National users:
  - Users observed clear improvement in quantity and quality of data, especially during the most recent 5 years, partly reflecting STA TA (paragraph 43).
  - Users noted concerns about limited availability of detailed data and data quality in specific sectors (manufacturing, agricultural labor); desire for greater transparency on INEI’s statistics; satisfaction with BCRP’s website and availability of time series; need for further outreach to educate users about data innovations, characteristics, breakdowns, and accessibility (paragraph 44).
- WHD perspective:
  - STA’s TA proved useful for improving Peruvian macroeconomic statistics and data provision to the Fund for surveillance improved in quality and availability (paragraph 45).
  - WHD noted scope for improvement including: better coordination among official statistics-producing agencies; implementation of a new benchmark and base year for GDP; expansion of WPI coverage; finalization of migration to SRFs for monetary data; expansion of scope for compiling financial flows of individual residents (paragraph 45).
  - Progress noted: strengthened collaboration via technical working groups and formal agreements; national accounts work addressing new benchmark and base year for GDP (paragraph 46).
  - Work on compiling and reporting SRFs for MFS is making progress: Form 1SR was recently reported to STA; form 2SR (ODCs) targeted possibly as early as the first half of 2012 (paragraph 46).

### Lessons synthesized (1993–2011 experience)
A. Overall TA and Training effectiveness
- Consensus that IMF TA and training contributed to improved macroeconomic statistics in Peru over the last 20 years (paragraph 48).
- TA led to increased quantity and improved quality of macroeconomic statistics, increased transparency about concepts and methods, and improved dissemination (paragraph 48).
- Diagnostic/assessment missions (Multi-sector mission or Data ROSC) provided a useful starting point for a work program pursued through single-topic TA missions and training (paragraph 48).
- TA effectiveness benefited from strong domestic capacity and quality counterparts; constrained domestic capacity made tasks more challenging (paragraph 49).
- Effectiveness was reasonably consistent across statistical areas; national accounts progress often took several years and depended on source data and steady leadership (paragraph 50).
- TA missions were sufficiently spread over time to allow implementation of recommendations between visits (paragraph 50).

B. TA and data quality
- TA helps enhance data quality through adoption of internationally accepted statistical methodologies, improving international comparability and inter-sectoral consistency (paragraph 51).
- Fund assessments provided authorities with feedback, enhancing credibility and direction for improvements (paragraph 51).

C. Management and staff turnover risks
- Management and staff turnover in key compiling agencies can limit or reverse progress (paragraph 52).
- Institutionalization through standardized compilation methods, reports, and comprehensive documented metadata helps, but more focus on management buy-in and training a critical mass of compilers is needed (paragraph 52).
- Example: strengthening INEI governance (establishment of an Executive Board) could improve strategic direction and long-term planning; frequent or political changes in Directors, less than competitive remuneration, and insufficient financial resources have hindered improvements in real sector statistics (paragraph 53).

D. Communications and clarity of TA objectives
- Communication issues determine TA effectiveness and relevance; clarifying TA objectives in advance is important (paragraph 54).
- Close collaboration with area departments on key TA recommendations supports evidence-based policy consultations and efficient results (paragraph 55).
- Communicating clarity on TA objectives is essential; in Peru, MFS TA objectives were not always fully understood by authorities prior to missions (paragraph 56).
- Improved outreach prior to and after TA missions can give authorities better understanding of missions, especially when STA pursues international objectives (paragraph 56).
- Effective TA can facilitate communication within and across agencies and catalyze institutionalization of these channels (paragraph 54 and paragraph 56).

*Source: _cr12233 - 34.*

### 57.      TA can be catalytic to allow users’ (and even compilers’) views to statistical managers and

### _cr12233 - 57.      TA can be catalytic to allow users’ (and even compilers’) views to statistical managers and

### TA as a catalyst for communication and priority setting
- Paragraph 57: TA can be catalytic to allow users’ (and even compilers’) views to statistical managers and resource decision-makers to help set priorities and to understand their needs (paragraph 40).
- Views can be expressed to TA providers in an independent and non-threatening atmosphere, allowing frank collection and expression of opinions.
- TA providers normally have sufficient access to decision-makers to:
  - provide feedback;
  - place feedback into a broader context (including international comparisons and benchmarks);
  - give decision makers a window into the perspectives of subordinates and the user community.

### TA strengthening inter-agency cooperation
- Paragraph 58: The mission found that TA provides opportunities for strengthening inter-agency cooperation.
- The case of Peru demonstrated these impacts, institutionalized through inter-agency working groups and formal agreements (paragraph 35, seventh bullet).
- Collaboration and interaction typically increase during TA missions; the issue is whether authorities institutionalize such interactions to make them more frequent and regular, as in Peru.

### Flexibility in modalities of TA and training delivery contributes to efficiency
- Paragraph 59: A mix of TA and training interventions was applied appropriately in Peru, depending on authorities’ needs (paragraph 41).
  - Multisector and Data ROSC missions were followed by short-term TA missions, which provided the bulk of assistance.
  - These were complemented by training of officials through headquarters, regional and local courses.
  - Remote TA has been efficient mainly where sufficient technical capacity already existed and where TA targeted specific issues identified by the authorities.
- Paragraph 60: STA’s modalities may need adjustment depending on the statistical area and evolving needs.
  - Improvements in communications technology and increased capacity of member countries to absorb TA mean remote TA will likely play an increasing role.
  - Close consultations between authorities and Fund staff would facilitate appropriate responses to future TA and training needs.
  - Remote means (video conferences, real time chats, etc.) can enhance TA delivery:
    - Not a perfect substitute for field visits (which allow more extensive face-to-face exchanges and focus attention), but useful for substantial pre-mission exchanges and follow-up support.

### Benefits from a formal Results-Based Management (RBM) approach
- Paragraph 61: A full RBM framework contains objectives, outcomes, indicators, milestones, and risk assessments and assumptions that identify targeted results with SMART characteristics.
  - The current framework (briefing papers, TA reports and notes, back-to-office reports, administrative system) does not explicitly contain all RBM elements consistently.
- Paragraph 62–63: Despite lack of SMART verifiable indicators and milestones, the mission could broadly determine TA success and gather stakeholders’ perceptions.
  - A stronger RBM framework would facilitate tracking achievements and explicitly identify assumptions, risks, and risk mitigation efforts.

#### RBM Benefits for TA Delivery (paragraph 64)
- Clear ex-ante identification of objectives (with associated SMART verifiable indicators, assumptions, risks and risk mitigation efforts);
- Focus on results through identification of (up to four) key outcomes, along with associated SMART verifiable indicators (with baselines) and SMART milestones (with assumptions, risks and risk mitigation efforts);
  - Ideally documented in a Logical Framework (see Appendix VI for the IMF log frame) and linked with briefing papers, Terms of Reference, TA reports or TA notes, back-to-office reports and other periodic documents related to the TA project.
- Linking these elements to resource inputs and outputs of goods and services delivered by the TA intervention;
- Providing a mechanism to consistently pursue TA recommendations over time by identifying and documenting progress against SMART milestones and verifiable indicators.

#### RBM Benefits for TA Evaluation (paragraph 65)
- Evaluations would benefit from ex-ante RBM-styled SMART verifiable indicators with baselines to compare post-implementation.
- Full RBM implementation ex-ante would assist evaluators to summarize results and focus on results based on clear objectives and measurable progress.
- Absence of a full framework forces evaluators to rely on ex-post compilation of objectives, outcomes, verifiable indicators and baselines, milestones, risks and assumptions, making evaluations more subjective.
- Paragraph 65 footnote: On evaluation of training, post-training mission surveys could help improve training courses consistent with desired statistical results.

### Conclusions and recommendations (Paragraphs 66–70)
- Paragraph 66: Summary pertains mainly to STA delivery of TA; some recommendations specific to future STA support for Peru.

- On effectiveness (paragraph 67), TA and training should:
  - Whenever practical first conduct a diagnostic mission and then develop a work program to provide TA and training support to meet the needs identified;
  - Promote the institutionalization of standardized: (1) compilation methods following internationally accepted statistical standards; (2) reports; and (3) comprehensive and documented metadata;
  - Set SMART prior conditions (milestones/benchmarks) before providing follow-up TA, but remain flexible to country needs and circumstances to respond appropriately;
  - Provide fair and frank feedback on statistical improvements to guide further progress and lend credibility of the statistics to users;
  - Serve as an independent conduit to communicate users’ (and compilers’) views to statistical managers and resource decision–makers to help set priorities and to understand their needs;
  - Provide opportunities for the recipient to strengthen inter-agency cooperation.

- On relevance (paragraph 68), TA and training should:
  - Liaise closely with the management of data-producing agencies to enhance their understanding and promote their buy-in of TA recommendations and follow-up actions;
  - Clarify and agree on TA objectives well in advance to make sure they are either demand-driven or at least well understood and supported by the authorities (as part of STA awareness campaigns about new developments in statistical methodology or dissemination standards).

- On efficiency (paragraph 69), TA and training should:
  - Emphasize open communication with others, including the donor community, to promote the most efficient delivery of TA and training.
  - Continue to provide TA and training using a variety of modalities in a flexible manner to suit the recipient’s needs.

- On impact and sustainability (paragraph 70), TA and training should:
  - Aim to build strong capacity in the recipient country, including a critical mass of compilers, to facilitate future TA absorption capacity and promote the sustainability of results achieved from previous interventions;
  - Be founded on a Result-Based Management framework to strengthen TA delivery through formal identification of objectives, outcomes, SMART verifiable indicators, milestones and related assumptions and risks, and to document this information over time to strengthen subsequent evaluations.

### Possible TA and training for Peru in the future (Paragraphs 71–72)
- Paragraph 71: The Peruvian authorities expressed interest in receiving TA and training. For real sector statistics, the INEI would like short-term TA support regarding:
  - Presentation of the new 2007 base year of the national accounts;
  - Compilation of quarterly national accounts using the 2007 base year;
  - Compilation of the financial accounts for all sectors using the 2007 base year;
  - Compilation of the monthly manufacturing production index using a 2007 base year;
  - Compilation of an industrial manufacturing producers' price index.
- Several line ministries (inter alia the Ministries of Agriculture and Production) expressed interest to attend Fund courses on national accounts statistics to train staff that supply source data for national accounts compilation.
- For GFS, the MEF intends to explore options for TA and training on GFS, especially focusing on compilation of data using the GFSM 2001.
  - The mission recommended they consult with the BCRP on work done to date to convert national budget execution data to the GFSM 2001 format.
- For MFS and external sector statistics (as well as for GFS), the BCRP will rely on regular training courses and remote TA. No short-term TA mission requests are anticipated.
- Paragraph 72: Authorities recognized need to further strengthen inter-institutional collaboration and welcomed Fund intervention to bring three main macroeconomic data producing agencies together.
  - They also recognized need to promote among users a better understanding of available statistics and how users can avail themselves of these data.
  - Fund TA can be a catalyst, but cannot substitute for direct action by the three agencies.

### Data reporting to STA (Paragraph 73)
- Paragraph 73: Mission discussed data reporting to STA, focusing on regular reporting via the Integrated Correspondence System.
  - Data issues and actions discussed concerning annual and high frequency GFS, the BOP and the IIP, exchange rates and international liquidity, and direction of trade data.
  - Contact information was updated or confirmed.
  - Mission stressed advisability of reporting preliminary data followed by revisions, instead of delaying reporting until final data became available.
  - Authorities agreed to address all issues raised and were in contact with STA information management staff to begin resolving outstanding issues before the mission left the field.

*Source: _cr12233 - 57.      TA can be catalytic to allow users’ (and even compilers’) views to statistical managers and*

### Appendix V. Peru (Technical Assistance Evaluation Mission Questionnaires)

### Appendix V. Peru (Technical Assistance Evaluation Mission Questionnaires)

### Contact information and background
- Forty-two questionnaires were sent out to government agencies, banks, universities, consulting companies, and other users of macroeconomic statistics.
- Twelve replies were received but five declined to complete the questionnaire.
- Respondents did not reply to all questions and percentages are rounded, so some summary numbers may not add to 100 percent.
- Questions for respondent identification included: Name of Official Completing the Questionnaire; Title/designation.
- Reference to supporting materials: list of technical assistance missions by the Statistics Department (STA) of the IMF to Peru (Appendix II) and tables summarizing participation of Peruvian authorities in IMF statistics-related courses (Appendices III and IV).

### Experiences with IMF technical assistance (survey findings)
- Question 5 (overall usefulness across areas):
  - Very useful: 57%
  - Mostly useful: 29%
  - Somewhat useful: 29%
  - Hardly useful: ______
  - Areas indicated (as listed in questionnaire): NA, CPI, GFS, MFS, ESS, ROSC
- Question 6 (progress since 1993):
  - Very significant: 71%
  - Mostly significant: 14%
  - Barely significant: ______
  - Insignificant: ______
- Question 7(a) (progress since 2003):
  - Very significant: 43% 1
  - Mostly significant: 43%
  - Barely significant: 29%
  - Insignificant: ______
- Question 7(b) (value of participation in IMF training in statistics):
  - Very useful: 43%
  - Mostly useful: 43%
  - Somewhat useful: 14%
  - Hardly useful: ______
- Question 8 (responses to statements on technical assistance — percentage distribution by response category shown as in source):
  - Areas of technical assistance work responded to your priority need.
    - Strongly Agree: 29%
    - Agree: 71%
  - Recommendations of the mission(s) and time frame for implementation (e.g., Action Plan) were discussed and agreed with the authorities.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
    - Agree: 57%
    - Neutral: 29%
  - The structure, length, and content of mission reports are appropriate for your needs.
    - Strongly Agree: 71%
    - Agree: 29%
  - Technical assistance mission(s) provided applied, hands-on training in areas being addressed.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
    - Agree: 43%
    - Neutral: 43%
  - Technical assistance facilitated your country’s participation in GDDS or subscription to SDDS.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
  - Technical assistance facilitated your policy analysis, formulation, and monitoring.
    - Strongly Agree: 43%
  - Technical assistance facilitated the dissemination (publication) of more and better quality statistics.
    - Strongly Agree: 43%
  - Technical assistance resulted in improved data dissemination practices.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
  - Technical assistance facilitated regular data provision to IMF Western Hemisphere Department.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
  - Technical assistance facilitated regular data provision for publication in IFS and other IMF publications.
    - Strongly Agree: 14%
  - Technical assistance facilitated national authorities’ coordination and interaction with other donors.
    - Strongly Agree: 43%
    - Agree: 29%
- Question 9 (rank delivery modes most effective, 1 = most effective):
  - Short (two week) mission/visit: 1 (29%), 2 (29%), 3 (29%), 4 (14%)
  - Training/workshops (HQ and Regional Centers): 1 (71%), 2 (14%)
  - Resident expert: 2 (14%)
  - Other (please specify): _____

### Additional comments, goals, and suggested assessment criteria
- Goals for future technical assistance:
  - Assess consistency of Peruvian macroeconomic statistics with latest IMF statistical manuals.
  - Address practical issues regarding sources of information and questionnaires, and the experience of other countries in these areas.
  - Adoption of 2008 SNA guidelines: institutional sectors, satellite accounts, social accounting matrix, linking indexes.
  - Allow more preparation time prior to missions, and exchange ideas about the objectives of the mission.
  - Help ensure consistency of statistics, both over time and to make it comparable across countries.
- Suggested criteria to assess progress toward stated goals:
  - The appropriateness of the expert’s recommendations.
  - The quantity and quality of the statistics compiled and disseminated, and their conformity to international standards.
  - The timeliness, quality, and level of detail of the published indicators.
  - Progress implementing earlier recommendations.
  - The availability of long time series and metadata on the underlying methodologies.
- How future technical assistance will contribute:
  - To the extent that recommendations make economic and not only statistical sense for the country.
  - It would address specific queries concerning the country’s statistics.
  - Are important to improve the quality of statistics and to present the level of detail recommended by international guidelines and best practice.
  - It would help improve the quality of the country’s statistics.
  - It would contribute to internal methodological discussions and coordination with other countries.

### Perceived results of technical assistance
- Main results of the technical assistance program between 1993 and 2003:
  - The country’s adoption of the international statistical manuals.
  - The 1994 mission resolved the inflation overestimation problem derived from the hyper inflation of the 80s, and permitted the correction of macroeconomic variables that rely on this indicator.
  - Improvements in the quality of the statistics and training of personnel.
  - Increased the quality and availability of information for the general public.
- Main results of the technical assistance program since 2003:
  - In light of experience in other countries the IMF extended the deadlines for the adoption of statistical manuals, such as the GFSM 2001.
  - The BCRP is able to report statistics to the Fund that follow international guidelines.
  - Improvements in the quality of the statistics and training of personnel.
- Most valuable results from IMF training in statistics:
  - Introduction into national statistics of the guidelines of international statistical manuals.
  - Development of a network of contacts and exchange of information with the IMF, central banks and statistical institutes throughout the world.
  - The BCRP is able to report statistics to the Fund that follow international guidelines.
  - Training programs allows national compilers to update their knowledge of statistical techniques, statistical methodologies, and exchange experiences with specialist from other countries and the IMF.
  - Better quality information.
  - Increased the quality and availability of information for the general public.

*Source: Appendix V. Peru (Technical Assistance Evaluation Mission Questionnaires).*

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