Paul M. Bisca is Senior Project Officer in the IMF’s Strategy, Policy, and Review Department, where he advises staff on the implementation of the Fund’s Strategy for Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCS). He has also contributed to IMF research on the nexus between crime, insecurity, and the macroeconomy in Latin America and the Caribbean. A fragility, conflict, and security specialist, he spent over 10 years at the World Bank, where he worked on social development projects in Sub-Saharan Africa and Central America. He also co-edited Securing Development: Public Finance and the Security Sector, a guidebook to assess defense and policing expenditures and governance in fragile states. His analysis and commentary have been published by the Brookings Institution, Center for Strategic and International Studies, the European Union’s Institute for Security Studies, and the United States Institute of Peace.