Germany |
Gross domestic product, constant prices |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). National accounts data until 1990 do not include FISIM. Data from 1991 refer to United Germany and include FISIM.
National accounts manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
GDP valuation: Market prices
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
Base year: 2015
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
3,244.810 |
3,096.840 |
3,191.318 |
3,336.855 |
3,389.903 |
3,436.343 |
3,475.843 |
3,514.850 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product, constant prices |
Percent change |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency).
|
1.050 |
-4.560 |
3.051 |
4.560 |
1.590 |
1.370 |
1.150 |
1.122 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product, current prices |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). National accounts data until 1990 do not include FISIM. Data from 1991 refer to United Germany and include FISIM.
National accounts manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
GDP valuation: Market prices
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
Base year: 2015
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
3,473.350 |
3,367.560 |
3,541.839 |
3,773.965 |
3,896.690 |
4,020.347 |
4,143.677 |
4,278.801 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product, current prices |
U.S. dollars |
Billions |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).
|
3,888.756 |
3,843.335 |
4,230.172 |
4,557.350 |
4,774.082 |
4,985.991 |
5,194.802 |
5,406.142 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product, current prices |
Purchasing power parity; international dollars |
Billions |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).
|
4,696.684 |
4,536.523 |
4,843.389 |
5,203.655 |
5,412.168 |
5,611.360 |
5,799.159 |
5,985.757 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product, deflator |
Index |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency)
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).
|
107.043 |
108.742 |
110.984 |
113.099 |
114.950 |
116.995 |
119.214 |
121.735 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product per capita, constant prices |
National currency |
Units |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency)
Population (Persons).
|
39,050.459 |
37,239.090 |
38,315.278 |
40,016.495 |
40,621.968 |
41,164.648 |
41,641.829 |
42,130.843 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product per capita, constant prices |
Purchasing power parity; 2017 international dollar |
Units |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency)
Population (Persons).
|
54,234.428 |
51,718.746 |
53,213.387 |
55,576.088 |
56,416.987 |
57,170.677 |
57,833.399 |
58,512.557 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices |
National currency |
Units |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency)
Population (Persons).
|
41,800.879 |
40,494.463 |
42,523.671 |
45,258.439 |
46,694.905 |
48,160.563 |
49,642.714 |
51,287.963 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices |
U.S. dollars |
Units |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency)
Population (Persons).
|
46,800.183 |
46,215.596 |
50,787.859 |
54,653.004 |
57,208.886 |
59,728.202 |
62,235.560 |
64,800.870 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices |
Purchasing power parity; international dollars |
Units |
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency)
Population (Persons).
|
56,523.391 |
54,551.092 |
58,150.203 |
62,403.678 |
64,855.219 |
67,219.624 |
69,475.967 |
71,748.435 |
2020 |
Germany |
Output gap in percent of potential GDP |
Percent of potential GDP |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency).
|
0.386 |
-2.604 |
-2.013 |
-0.277 |
-0.207 |
-0.001 |
-0.001 |
-0.001 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) share of world total |
Percent |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).
|
3.481 |
3.437 |
3.349 |
3.339 |
3.275 |
3.213 |
3.147 |
3.082 |
2020 |
Germany |
Implied PPP conversion rate |
National currency per current international dollar |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).
|
0.740 |
0.742 |
0.731 |
0.725 |
0.720 |
0.716 |
0.715 |
0.715 |
2020 |
Germany |
Total investment |
Percent of GDP |
|
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). National accounts data until 1990 do not include FISIM. Data from 1991 refer to United Germany and include FISIM.
National accounts manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
GDP valuation: Market prices
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
Base year: 2015
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
22.141 |
21.149 |
22.315 |
22.158 |
22.125 |
22.270 |
22.330 |
22.304 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross national savings |
Percent of GDP |
|
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). National accounts data until 1990 do not include FISIM. Data from 1991 refer to United Germany and include FISIM.
National accounts manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
GDP valuation: Market prices
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
Base year: 2015
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
29.587 |
28.095 |
29.114 |
29.107 |
29.330 |
29.293 |
29.102 |
28.988 |
2020 |
Germany |
Inflation, average consumer prices |
Index |
|
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
Harmonized prices: Yes. Until 1995 Consumer Price Index Annual Average, from 1996 and onwards harmonized Consumer Price Index Annual Average.
Frequency of source data: Monthly
Base year: 2015
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
105.450 |
105.842 |
108.890 |
110.532 |
112.020 |
113.785 |
115.828 |
118.174 |
2020 |
Germany |
Inflation, average consumer prices |
Percent change |
|
See notes for:
Inflation, average consumer prices (Index).
|
1.354 |
0.371 |
2.881 |
1.508 |
1.346 |
1.576 |
1.795 |
2.026 |
2020 |
Germany |
Inflation, end of period consumer prices |
Index |
|
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
Harmonized prices: Yes. Until 1995 Consumer Price Index Annual Average, from 1996 and onwards harmonized Consumer Price Index Annual Average.
Frequency of source data: Monthly
Base year: 2015
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
106.200 |
105.500 |
109.753 |
111.101 |
112.903 |
114.807 |
117.001 |
119.439 |
2020 |
Germany |
Inflation, end of period consumer prices |
Percent change |
|
See notes for:
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (Index).
|
1.530 |
-0.659 |
4.031 |
1.228 |
1.621 |
1.687 |
1.911 |
2.083 |
2020 |
Germany |
Volume of imports of goods and services |
Percent change |
|
Source: Central Bank
Latest actual data: 2020
Base year: 2000
Methodology used to derive volumes: Weighted average of volume changes
Formula used to derive volumes: Other
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Trade System: General trade
Valuation of exports: Free on board (FOB)
Valuation of imports: Cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
2.890 |
-9.179 |
8.643 |
6.911 |
4.021 |
3.657 |
3.441 |
3.449 |
2020 |
Germany |
Volume of Imports of goods |
Percent change |
|
Source: Central Bank
Latest actual data: 2020
Base year: 2000
Methodology used to derive volumes: Weighted average of volume changes
Formula used to derive volumes: Other
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Trade System: General trade
Valuation of exports: Free on board (FOB)
Valuation of imports: Cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
2.520 |
-5.319 |
10.479 |
6.464 |
4.021 |
3.657 |
3.441 |
3.449 |
2020 |
Germany |
Volume of exports of goods and services |
Percent change |
|
Source: Central Bank
Latest actual data: 2020
Base year: 2000
Methodology used to derive volumes: Weighted average of volume changes
Formula used to derive volumes: Other
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Trade System: General trade
Valuation of exports: Free on board (FOB)
Valuation of imports: Cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
1.137 |
-10.093 |
9.381 |
5.917 |
4.305 |
3.550 |
2.983 |
2.883 |
2020 |
Germany |
Volume of exports of goods |
Percent change |
|
Source: Central Bank
Latest actual data: 2020
Base year: 2000
Methodology used to derive volumes: Weighted average of volume changes
Formula used to derive volumes: Other
Chain-weighted: Yes, from 1991
Trade System: General trade
Valuation of exports: Free on board (FOB)
Valuation of imports: Cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
0.507 |
-8.992 |
11.516 |
5.893 |
4.305 |
3.550 |
2.983 |
2.883 |
2020 |
Germany |
Unemployment rate |
Percent of total labor force |
|
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
Employment type: Harmonized ILO definition
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
3.150 |
3.833 |
3.696 |
3.560 |
3.459 |
3.409 |
3.391 |
3.384 |
2020 |
Germany |
Employment |
Persons |
Millions |
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
Employment type: Harmonized ILO definition
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
42.192 |
41.742 |
41.411 |
41.919 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
2020 |
Germany |
Population |
Persons |
Millions |
Source: National Statistics Office
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
83.093 |
83.161 |
83.291 |
83.387 |
83.450 |
83.478 |
83.470 |
83.427 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government revenue |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
1,613.797 |
1,566.885 |
1,640.445 |
1,752.408 |
1,817.123 |
1,864.853 |
1,926.949 |
1,989.786 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government revenue |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government revenue (National currency).
|
46.462 |
46.529 |
46.316 |
46.434 |
46.632 |
46.385 |
46.503 |
46.503 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government total expenditure |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
1,562.698 |
1,712.131 |
1,882.743 |
1,819.310 |
1,831.283 |
1,865.283 |
1,905.785 |
1,967.874 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government total expenditure |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government total expenditure (National currency).
|
44.991 |
50.842 |
53.157 |
48.207 |
46.996 |
46.396 |
45.993 |
45.991 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government net lending/borrowing |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
51.099 |
-145.246 |
-242.298 |
-66.902 |
-14.160 |
-0.430 |
21.164 |
21.912 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government net lending/borrowing |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government net lending/borrowing (National currency).
|
1.471 |
-4.313 |
-6.841 |
-1.773 |
-0.363 |
-0.011 |
0.511 |
0.512 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government structural balance |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
43.253 |
-107.377 |
-206.253 |
-61.632 |
-10.099 |
-0.417 |
21.178 |
21.926 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government structural balance |
Percent of potential GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government structural balance (National currency).
|
1.250 |
-3.106 |
-5.706 |
-1.629 |
-0.259 |
-0.010 |
0.511 |
0.512 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government primary net lending/borrowing |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
71.090 |
-130.941 |
-230.620 |
-54.878 |
-1.780 |
12.315 |
34.287 |
35.483 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government primary net lending/borrowing |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government primary net lending/borrowing (National currency).
|
2.047 |
-3.888 |
-6.511 |
-1.454 |
-0.046 |
0.306 |
0.827 |
0.829 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government net debt |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
1,418.230 |
1,686.066 |
1,928.364 |
1,995.266 |
2,009.425 |
2,009.856 |
1,988.692 |
1,966.780 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government net debt |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government net debt (National currency).
|
40.832 |
50.068 |
54.445 |
52.869 |
51.567 |
49.992 |
47.993 |
45.966 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government gross debt |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
2,057.627 |
2,325.463 |
2,567.761 |
2,634.663 |
2,648.822 |
2,649.253 |
2,628.089 |
2,606.177 |
2020 |
Germany |
General government gross debt |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
General government gross debt (National currency).
|
59.240 |
69.055 |
72.498 |
69.812 |
67.976 |
65.896 |
63.424 |
60.909 |
2020 |
Germany |
Gross domestic product corresponding to fiscal year, current prices |
National currency |
Billions |
Source: National Statistics Office. Data of general government gross debt comes from EUROSTAT
Latest actual data: 2020
Fiscal assumptions: The IMF staff's projections for 2021 and beyond are based on the 2021 budgets, the 2022 draft budget plan, and data updates from the national statistical agency (Destatis) and Ministry of Finance, adjusted for the differences in the IMF staff's macroeconomic framework and assumptions concerning revenue elasticities. The estimate of gross debt includes portfolios of impaired assets and noncore business transferred to institutions that are winding up as well as other financial sector and EU support operations.
Start/end months of reporting year: January/December
GFS Manual used: European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010
Basis of recording: Accrual
General government includes: Central Government; State Government; Local Government; Social Security Funds;. other refers to special funds
Valuation of public debt: Face value
Instruments included in gross and net debt: Currency and Deposits; Securities Other than Shares; Loans
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
3,473.350 |
3,367.560 |
3,541.839 |
3,773.965 |
3,896.690 |
4,020.347 |
4,143.677 |
4,278.801 |
2020 |
Germany |
Current account balance |
U.S. dollars |
Billions |
Source: Central Bank. Additional source: IMF Statistics Department
Latest actual data: 2020
Notes: Data until 1990 refers to German federation only (West Germany). Data from 1991 refer to United Germany.
BOP Manual used: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition (BPM6)
Primary domestic currency: Euro
Data last updated: 09/2021
|
289.558 |
266.967 |
287.572 |
316.691 |
343.977 |
350.179 |
351.779 |
361.353 |
2020 |
Germany |
Current account balance |
Percent of GDP |
|
See notes for:
Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency)
Current account balance (U.S. dollars).
|
7.446 |
6.946 |
6.798 |
6.949 |
7.205 |
7.023 |
6.772 |
6.684 |
2020 |