{
  "title": "Migration: A Global Issue in Need of a Global Solution",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, November 11, 2015",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2015/11/11/migration-a-global-issue-in-need-of-a-global-solution",
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  "summary": "Immediate priority: help refugees with better access to shelter, health care and quality education.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Humanitarian priorities and immediate needs",
      "content": "- Immediate priority: help refugees with better access to shelter, health care and quality education.\n- Countries neighboring conflict zones have stretched capacity to absorb people to the limit and require more financial resources to support additional public services.\n- Example: With the IMF’s support, Jordan has been able to adjust its fiscal targets to help meet this need.\n- Countries that have welcomed large flows of refugees are commended; advanced countries should consider how they might increase their scope for admitting more refugees.\n- Conclusion: no country can manage the refugee issue on their own — global cooperation is needed."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Migration’s economic implications",
      "content": "- Total number of migrants has risen significantly in recent years, now accounting for over 3 percent of the global population.\n- Once migrants resettle and find stability, migration can—with the right policies—have an overall positive economic impact for migrants, their host country, and their country of origin.\n- Migrants can boost a country’s labor force, encourage investment and boost growth.\n- Preliminary IMF calculations show a modest positive impact on growth from migrants in EU countries.\n- Migration can help address challenges from aging populations in a number of advanced countries:\n  - Over the medium term, migrants could help reduce pressures on pension and health spending.\n  - In the near term, the net budgetary impact tends to be relatively small."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Brain drain and remittances",
      "content": "- Countries experiencing outflows can lose their youngest and brightest, with important implications for growth.\n  - Example: Caribbean countries lost over 50 percent of their high-skilled labor between 1965 and 2000.\n- Remittances are an important source of income and can lead to higher education and health spending.\n  - In 2014, remittance flows to developing countries amounted to $436 billion, more than half of total net foreign direct investment and well over three times as much as official development assistance.\n- Lowering transaction costs of remittances would increase benefits:\n  - Estimates suggest that reducing remittance costs to one percent of the amount transferred could release savings of $30 billion per year, more than the entire bilateral aid budget to sub-Saharan Africa.\n  - Support the G-20’s commitment to reduce remittance transaction costs."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policies to better integrate migrants",
      "content": "- Key challenge: facilitate smooth integration of newcomers (economic migrants and refugees), weighing short-term logistical, fiscal, and political hardships against medium- to long-term benefits.\n- Elements of well-designed integration policy:\n  - Strengthen labor markets’ ability to absorb migrants — enable immediate ability to seek work and provide better job matching services.\n  - Enhance access to education and training — provide affordable education, language and job training.\n  - Improve skill recognition — adopt simple, affordable and transparent procedures to recognize foreign qualifications.\n  - Support migrant entrepreneurs — reduce barriers to start-ups and provide support with legal advice, counseling and training.\n- Example: Sweden’s introduction program for refugees provides employment preparation and language training for up to 24 months, together with financial benefits; program is beginning to help the latest inflow of refugees to find jobs, though full success will take time."
    },
    {
      "heading": "A global call and IMF role",
      "content": "- Migration pressures are likely to increase in coming decades due to demographic forces, globalization, and environmental degradation.\n- Cross-border challenges demand cross-border solutions: promote fair burden-sharing, facilitate remittance flows, protect labor rights, and promote a safe and secure working environment for migrants.\n- The IMF will contribute through financing and capacity building.\n- IMF analysis on this issue will feed into policy advice to countries in Africa, Europe and the Middle East dealing with massive population movements over the next few months.\n- Conclusion: Migration is a global issue; collective action is required.\n\nSource: Christine Lagarde, “Migration: A Global Issue in Need of a Global Solution,” November 11, 2015.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- 移民：全球问题，需要全球解决方案; iMFdirect博客; 2015年11月11日\n  - 移民：全球问题，需要全球解决方案; iMFdirect博客; 2015年11月11日 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 移民：全球问题，需要全球解决方案; iMFdirect博客; 2015年11月11日 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- 移住：グローバルな解決策が必要なグローバルな問題; クリスティーヌ・ラガルド、IMF専務理事, iMFdirect ブログ 2015年11月11日掲載\n  - 移住：グローバルな解決策が必要なグローバルな問題; クリスティーヌ・ラガルド、IMF専務理事, iMFdirect ブログ 2015年11月11日掲載 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 移住：グローバルな解決策が必要なグローバルな問題; クリスティーヌ・ラガルド、IMF専務理事, iMFdirect ブログ 2015年11月11日掲載 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Göç: Küresel Çözüm Gerektiren Küresel Bir Sorun; Christine Lagarde, IMF Direktörü; 11 Kasım 2015\n  - Göç: Küresel Çözüm Gerektiren Küresel Bir Sorun; Christine Lagarde, IMF Direktörü; 11 Kasım 2015 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Göç: Küresel Çözüm Gerektiren Küresel Bir Sorun; Christine Lagarde, IMF Direktörü; 11 Kasım 2015 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- 111515background\n  - 111515background (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 111515background (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Миграция: глобальный вопрос, требующий глобального решения\n  - Миграция: глобальный вопрос, требующий глобального решения (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Миграция: глобальный вопрос, требующий глобального решения (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- عربي\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2015/11/11/migration-a-global-issue-in-need-of-a-global-solution"
    }
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    "Authors: Christine Lagarde",
    "Published: November 11, 2015",
    "Immediate priority: help refugees with better access to shelter, health care and quality education.",
    "Countries neighboring conflict zones have stretched capacity to absorb people to the limit and require more financial resources to support additional public services.",
    "Example: With the IMF’s support, Jordan has been able to adjust its fiscal targets to help meet this need.",
    "Countries that have welcomed large flows of refugees are commended; advanced countries should consider how they might increase their scope for admitting more refugees.",
    "Conclusion: no country can manage the refugee issue on their own — global cooperation is needed.",
    "Total number of migrants has risen significantly in recent years, now accounting for over 3 percent of the global population.",
    "Once migrants resettle and find stability, migration can—with the right policies—have an overall positive economic impact for migrants, their host country, and their country of origin.",
    "Migrants can boost a country’s labor force, encourage investment and boost growth.",
    "Preliminary IMF calculations show a modest positive impact on growth from migrants in EU countries.",
    "Migration can help address challenges from aging populations in a number of advanced countries:",
    "Countries experiencing outflows can lose their youngest and brightest, with important implications for growth.",
    "Remittances are an important source of income and can lead to higher education and health spending.",
    "Lowering transaction costs of remittances would increase benefits:",
    "Key challenge: facilitate smooth integration of newcomers (economic migrants and refugees), weighing short-term logistical, fiscal, and political hardships against medium- to long-term benefits.",
    "Elements of well-designed integration policy:",
    "Example: Sweden’s introduction program for refugees provides employment preparation and language training for up to 24 months, together with financial benefits; program is beginning to help the latest inflow of refugees to find jobs, though full success will take time.",
    "Migration pressures are likely to increase in coming decades due to demographic forces, globalization, and environmental degradation.",
    "Cross-border challenges demand cross-border solutions: promote fair burden-sharing, facilitate remittance flows, protect labor rights, and promote a safe and secure working environment for migrants.",
    "The IMF will contribute through financing and capacity building.",
    "IMF analysis on this issue will feed into policy advice to countries in Africa, Europe and the Middle East dealing with massive population movements over the next few months.",
    "Conclusion: Migration is a global issue; collective action is required.",
    "**移民：全球问题，需要全球解决方案; iMFdirect博客; 2015年11月11日**",
    "**移住：グローバルな解決策が必要なグローバルな問題; クリスティーヌ・ラガルド、IMF専務理事, iMFdirect ブログ 2015年11月11日掲載**",
    "**Göç: Küresel Çözüm Gerektiren Küresel Bir Sorun; Christine Lagarde, IMF Direktörü; 11 Kasım 2015**",
    "**111515background**",
    "**Миграция: глобальный вопрос, требующий глобального решения**",
    "[عربي](http://blog-montada.imf.org/?p=3824)"
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