{
  "title": "Citizenship for Sale",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, July 7, 2016",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2016/07/07/citizenship-for-sale",
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  "summary": "Publication: iMFdirect blog post titled \"Citizenship for Sale\"",
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    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Publication: iMFdirect blog post titled \"Citizenship for Sale\"\n- Date: July 7, 2016\n- Theme: Growth and implications of citizenship-by-investment or economic citizenship programs that allow individuals to legitimately acquire passports in exchange for investment."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Motivations for purchasing citizenship or residency",
      "content": "- Greater global mobility (visa free travel in many countries).\n- Tax planning.\n- Family security.\n- Demand is driven especially by high-net worth individuals in emerging market economies."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Economic effects and scale",
      "content": "- These programs generate significant financial inflows into participating countries' economies.\n- For some small Caribbean states, offering citizenship in return for investment has been a \"win-win\" that helped boost employment and growth.\n- Inflows to the public sector alone in St. Kitts and Nevis had grown to nearly 25 percent of GDP as of 2013."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Risks, governance, and macroeconomic challenges",
      "content": "- Critical challenge: preserving the credibility of citizenship programs.\n- Need to weed out risks to governance and sustainability.\n- Small countries may confront sizeable macro-challenges in managing large inflows."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Dissemination",
      "content": "- The article is linked to a fuller piece published in Finance & Development."
    },
    {
      "heading": "About the blog and the IMF",
      "content": "- IMFBlog is a forum for the views of International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff and officials on pressing economic and policy issues of the day.\n- The IMF is based in Washington D.C. and is an organization of 191 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability around the world.\n- The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF and its Executive Board.\n\nSource: \"Citizenship for Sale\", iMFdirect, July 7, 2016.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp1593\n  - wp1593 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp1593 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- article\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/goldtable.jpg\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2016/07/07/citizenship-for-sale"
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    "Authors: iMFdirect",
    "Published: July 7, 2016",
    "Publication: iMFdirect blog post titled \"Citizenship for Sale\"",
    "Date: July 7, 2016",
    "Theme: Growth and implications of citizenship-by-investment or economic citizenship programs that allow individuals to legitimately acquire passports in exchange for investment.",
    "Greater global mobility (visa free travel in many countries).",
    "Tax planning.",
    "Family security.",
    "Demand is driven especially by high-net worth individuals in emerging market economies.",
    "These programs generate significant financial inflows into participating countries' economies.",
    "For some small Caribbean states, offering citizenship in return for investment has been a \"win-win\" that helped boost employment and growth.",
    "Inflows to the public sector alone in St. Kitts and Nevis had grown to nearly 25 percent of GDP as of 2013.",
    "Critical challenge: preserving the credibility of citizenship programs.",
    "Need to weed out risks to governance and sustainability.",
    "Small countries may confront sizeable macro-challenges in managing large inflows.",
    "The article is linked to a fuller piece published in Finance & Development.",
    "IMFBlog is a forum for the views of International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff and officials on pressing economic and policy issues of the day.",
    "The IMF is based in Washington D.C. and is an organization of 191 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability around the world.",
    "The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF and its Executive Board.",
    "**wp1593**",
    "[article](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/12/gold.htm)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/gold_table.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/gold_table.jpg)"
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