{
  "title": "Migrants Bring Economic Benefits for Advanced Economies",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, October 24, 2016",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2016/10/24/migrants-bring-economic-benefits-for-advanced-economies",
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  "summary": "Authors: Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, Sweta Saxena",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Population and demographics",
      "content": "- Authors: Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, Sweta Saxena\n- Date: October 24, 2016\n- Key facts about migrant populations:\n  - Migrants constitute 15 to 20 percent of the working-age population in many advanced economies, and around 30 percent in some Anglo-Saxon countries such as Australia and New Zealand.\n  - Between 1990 and 2015, immigrants accounted for half of the growth in working age population of advanced economies.\n  - The stock of low-skilled migrants has been the largest (and broadly constant in percent of adult population over time), while the share of high-skilled has been on the rise.\n  - Anglo-Saxon countries tend to have a higher proportion of high-skilled migrants than continental European and Nordic countries.\n  - Migrants on average tend to be younger than their adopted country’s native-born population, increasing the share of working age population."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Migration can be a boon — findings on income and productivity",
      "content": "- Overall impact:\n  - A 1 percentage point increase in the share of migrants in the adult population increases GDP per person in advanced economies by up to 2 percent in the longer term.\n  - This increase comes primarily from an increase in labor productivity, instead of an increase in the workforce-to-population ratio.\n- How migrants raise productivity:\n  - Both high- and low-skilled migrants improve productivity; gains are not exclusive to high-skilled workers.\n  - Low-skilled migrants:\n    - Fill essential occupations for which the native-born population is in short supply, contributing to a more efficient functioning of the economy.\n    - Take up more manual routine tasks, enabling the native-born population to move to more complex occupations that require language and communication skills.\n    - Provide housekeeping and childcare services (the “nanny effect”), allowing native-born women to return to work, or work longer hours. Wherever more low-skilled migrants are present, more high-skilled females participate in the labor force.\n- Distributional effects:\n  - An increase in the migrant share benefits the average income per person of both the bottom 90 percent and the top 10 percent of earners.\n  - High-skilled migration benefits more the average income of top earners.\n  - The presence of migrants does not seem to increase inequality within the bottom 90 percent of earners."
    },
    {
      "heading": "There is more work to do — integration and policy implications",
      "content": "- Central message:\n  - Immigration can bring substantial benefits to advanced economies in terms of higher per capita GDP and standards of living, and these gains are broadly shared. The key is addressing short-term challenges and ensuring migrants are integrated into the labor market.\n- Policy measures to integrate migrants:\n  - Language training.\n  - Job search support.\n  - Better recognition of the education and work experience of migrants.\n  - Lower barriers to entrepreneurship.\n- Fiscal and social considerations:\n  - Integrating migrants can add to fiscal cost pressures in the short run, but these policies allow migrants to obtain and keep a job at a relevant skill level, and increasingly contribute to the fiscal accounts.\n  - Native workers require help to adjust, including by upgrading their skills.\n  - Policymakers need to avoid possible overburdening of public services such as health care and education to contain possible buildup of social tensions.\n\nMigrants Bring Economic Benefits for Advanced Economies — Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, Sweta Saxena; October 24, 2016.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- C4\n  - C4 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - C4 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart1.jpg\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart2.jpg\n- video\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2016/10/24/migrants-bring-economic-benefits-for-advanced-economies"
    }
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    "Authors: Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, Sweta Saxena",
    "Published: October 24, 2016",
    "Authors: Florence Jaumotte, Ksenia Koloskova, Sweta Saxena",
    "Date: October 24, 2016",
    "Key facts about migrant populations:",
    "Overall impact:",
    "How migrants raise productivity:",
    "Distributional effects:",
    "Central message:",
    "Policy measures to integrate migrants:",
    "Fiscal and social considerations:",
    "**C4**",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart1.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart1.jpg)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart2.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/weo-ch4-spillmigr-chart2.jpg)",
    "[video](http://www.imf.org/external/mmedia/view.aspx?vid=5138888741001)"
  ],
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