{
  "title": "Global Cooperation—An Uphill Battle: Finance & Development magazine",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, August 30, 2017",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2017/08/30/global-cooperation-an-uphill-battle-finance-development-magazine",
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  "summary": "Publication: Finance & Development magazine",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Major geopolitical and systemic risks highlighted",
      "content": "- Changing geopolitical environment could undermine the world’s ability to manage:\n  - global money and trade flows\n  - climate change\n  - international terrorism\n  - money laundering\n  - pandemics\n  - migration\n- Observation by Harold James (Princeton professor and IMF historian): the postwar economic order appears to be under strain, including among \"its main architects—the United Kingdom and the United States.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "International taxation",
      "content": "- Core problem: inability to agree on a common approach to rethink a framework that dates to \"the 1920s.\"\n- Consequence: multinational companies exploit tax competition among countries.\n- Contributor: Michael Keen (IMF) discusses these issues in the issue."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Financial regulation and fintech",
      "content": "- Despite \"important strides in international regulatory collaboration,\" there are calls to roll back some reforms.\n- Position: Tobias Adrian and Aditya Narain (IMF) argue that such rollbacks must be resisted \"to keep the global financial system safe and sound.\"\n- Fintech: described as a \"brave new world of financial services\" that \"holds much promise\" but \"provides an even greater regulatory challenge for governments around the world.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Crime, terrorism, and international collaboration",
      "content": "- Problem: international groups of criminals are often \"two steps ahead of national law enforcement.\"\n- Implication: the terror-crime nexus cannot be fought effectively without stronger international collaboration.\n- Contributor: Douglas Farah (IBI Consultants) addresses this theme."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Health, gender, and public finance",
      "content": "- Focus areas:\n  - Investing more in women's health and education will boost economic development.\n  - In an age of austerity, targeted changes in taxes and subsidies can improve public health without overburdening public budgets.\n\nSource: Global Cooperation—An Uphill Battle: Finance & Development magazine, August 30, 2017.\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2017/08/30/global-cooperation-an-uphill-battle-finance-development-magazine"
    }
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    "Published: August 30, 2017",
    "Changing geopolitical environment could undermine the world’s ability to manage:",
    "Observation by Harold James (Princeton professor and IMF historian): the postwar economic order appears to be under strain, including among \"its main architects—the United Kingdom and the United States.\"",
    "Core problem: inability to agree on a common approach to rethink a framework that dates to \"the 1920s.\"",
    "Consequence: multinational companies exploit tax competition among countries.",
    "Contributor: Michael Keen (IMF) discusses these issues in the issue.",
    "Despite \"important strides in international regulatory collaboration,\" there are calls to roll back some reforms.",
    "Position: Tobias Adrian and Aditya Narain (IMF) argue that such rollbacks must be resisted \"to keep the global financial system safe and sound.\"",
    "Fintech: described as a \"brave new world of financial services\" that \"holds much promise\" but \"provides an even greater regulatory challenge for governments around the world.\"",
    "Problem: international groups of criminals are often \"two steps ahead of national law enforcement.\"",
    "Implication: the terror-crime nexus cannot be fought effectively without stronger international collaboration.",
    "Contributor: Douglas Farah (IBI Consultants) addresses this theme.",
    "Focus areas:"
  ],
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