{
  "title": "Chart of the Week: Greenery and Prosperity",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, May 21, 2018",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2018/05/21/blog-greenery-and-prosperity",
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  "summary": "Analysis covers the world’s top twenty largest GHG emitters from 1990 to the present.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Study scope and methodology",
      "content": "- Analysis covers the world’s top twenty largest GHG emitters from 1990 to the present.\n- The chart summarizes the percent increase in trend emissions for every 1 percent increase in trend incomes—reported as elasticities (percent change in trend emissions per 1 percent change in trend incomes).\n- Trend measures capture long-run relationships in emissions and incomes, abstracting from short-term dips due to recessions and financial crises.\n- Confidence intervals are used to indicate the precision of elasticity estimates; imprecise cases are shown in a lighter shade."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings on decoupling by country groups",
      "content": "- Advanced economies: evidence of decoupling is emerging.\n  - Germany, the United Kingdom, and France: elasticity estimates are negative — emissions have fallen despite increases in incomes; these countries have achieved decoupling.\n  - United States, Australia, Japan, and Canada: elasticity estimates are positive but small, between 0.1 and 0.4 — emissions grow at a much slower rate than incomes (no full decoupling yet). In the United States, strong progress since the mid-2000s is attributed mainly to increased use of natural gas for electricity generation.\n  - Ukraine, Russia, and Italy: point estimates are close to zero but confidence intervals are wide; the relationship between emissions and incomes is uncertain in these cases.\n- Emerging market economies:\n  - Remaining countries in the chart (emerging markets) have elasticity estimates that are all positive and exceed 0.6.\n  - However, these elasticities are lower than they were in the 1970s and 1980s.\n  - Related research finds that within countries such as China, richer provinces are beginning to show signs of decoupling."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Interpretation of drivers",
      "content": "- Decoupling in advanced economies is attributed to:\n  - Active policies aimed at decarbonizing their economies.\n  - Structural economic transformation toward a greater role for services.\n- Specific energy shifts: increased use of natural gas for electricity generation has been a major factor in the United States since the mid-2000s."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Progress on decoupling is real but incomplete; controlling emissions to date may still be insufficient to meet global climate goals.\n- The IMF recommends carbon pricing—impose charges on the carbon content of fossil fuels or their emissions—to accelerate progress toward a green world."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Contextual notes",
      "content": "- The analysis highlights positive signs of decoupling in advanced economies while emphasizing that emerging market elasticities remain relatively high.\n- Historical perspective: elasticity estimates for emerging markets have declined relative to the 1970s and 1980s, indicating some long-run improvement.\n\nAuthors: João Tovar Jalles, Prakash Loungani — May 21, 2018. The IMF is an organization of 191 countries.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- 绿色与繁荣; IMF博客； 2018年5月21日\n  - 绿色与繁荣; IMF博客； 2018年5月21日 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 绿色与繁荣; IMF博客； 2018年5月21日 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- 環境と豊かさ;  ジョアン・トヴァール・ジャーリス　プラカシュ・ラウンガニ; IMF ブログ 2018年5月21日掲載\n  - 環境と豊かさ;  ジョアン・トヴァール・ジャーリス　プラカシュ・ラウンガニ; IMF ブログ 2018年5月21日掲載 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 環境と豊かさ;  ジョアン・トヴァール・ジャーリス　プラカシュ・ラウンガニ; IMF ブログ 2018年5月21日掲載 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- Español,\n- Português\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BLOG-COTW-1024x600-GERMANY-Brandenburg-Jaenschwalde-power-stationCaro-KaiserNewscom.carophotos245439.jpg\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/eng-cotw-emissionsandgrowth-5.png\n- advocated\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2018/05/21/blog-greenery-and-prosperity"
    }
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    "[Markdown version](/en/blogs/articles/2018/05/21/blog-greenery-and-prosperity/index.md)",
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    "Authors: Joo Tovar Jalles, Prakash Loungani",
    "Published: May 21, 2018",
    "Analysis covers the world’s top twenty largest GHG emitters from 1990 to the present.",
    "The chart summarizes the percent increase in trend emissions for every 1 percent increase in trend incomes—reported as elasticities (percent change in trend emissions per 1 percent change in trend incomes).",
    "Trend measures capture long-run relationships in emissions and incomes, abstracting from short-term dips due to recessions and financial crises.",
    "Confidence intervals are used to indicate the precision of elasticity estimates; imprecise cases are shown in a lighter shade.",
    "Advanced economies: evidence of decoupling is emerging.",
    "Emerging market economies:",
    "Decoupling in advanced economies is attributed to:",
    "Specific energy shifts: increased use of natural gas for electricity generation has been a major factor in the United States since the mid-2000s.",
    "Progress on decoupling is real but incomplete; controlling emissions to date may still be insufficient to meet global climate goals.",
    "The IMF recommends carbon pricing—impose charges on the carbon content of fossil fuels or their emissions—to accelerate progress toward a green world.",
    "The analysis highlights positive signs of decoupling in advanced economies while emphasizing that emerging market elasticities remain relatively high.",
    "Historical perspective: elasticity estimates for emerging markets have declined relative to the 1970s and 1980s, indicating some long-run improvement.",
    "**绿色与繁荣; IMF博客； 2018年5月21日**",
    "**環境と豊かさ;  ジョアン・トヴァール・ジャーリス　プラカシュ・ラウンガニ; IMF ブログ 2018年5月21日掲載**",
    "[Español,](https://blog-dialogoafondo.imf.org/?p=9228)",
    "[Português](http://www.imf.org/pt/News/Articles/2018/05/22/blog-greenery-and-prosperity)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BLOG-COTW-1024x600-GERMANY-Brandenburg-Jaenschwalde-power-station_Caro-Kaiser_Newscom.carophotos245439.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BLOG-COTW-1024x600-GERMANY-Brandenburg-Jaenschwalde-power-station_Caro-Kaiser_Newscom.carophotos245439.jpg)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/eng-cotw-emissionsandgrowth-5.png](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/eng-cotw-emissionsandgrowth-5.png)",
    "[advocated](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/12/parry.htm)"
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