{
  "title": "Chart of the Week: Grading the G-20 on its Growth Goals",
  "publication": "IMF Blog, November 19, 2018",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals",
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  "summary": "Publication date: November 19, 2018.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Context and short-term outlook",
      "content": "- Publication date: November 19, 2018.\n- The global expansion remains strong; the IMF’s 2018 report gives the G-20 good grades on the short-term outlook.\n- Compared to last year’s report:\n  - Output gaps have been closing (actual output is closer to potential).\n  - Fewer people are unemployed.\n  - Risks to the outlook have increased."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Persistent structural challenges",
      "content": "- Progress toward more sustainable and balanced growth is slow:\n  - External excess imbalances (surpluses and deficits) persist.\n  - Debt levels remain high.\n  - Productivity growth remains low.\n- Inclusion is a new area of analysis in this year’s report and remains a challenge."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Inclusive growth: evidence and distributional outcomes",
      "content": "- After 1990, inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient rose across most G-20 economies.\n  - Some emerging economies experienced declines in inequality (noted examples include many Latin American countries and Turkey), but their inequality remains higher than in G-20 European and North American countries, which saw increases.\n- Income gains since the financial crisis have been highly uneven:\n  - Across the G-20, earners in the bottom 10 percent of the income distribution, on average, earn only 8 percent of what earners in the top 10 percent make.\n- Persistent inequalities reflect and reinforce uneven access to economic opportunities such as education, health care, and financial services."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy actions and their expected impact",
      "content": "- Acting now and coordinating policies across the G-20 can:\n  - Sustain strong global growth over the medium term.\n  - Make growth more balanced and more widely shared.\n- Many measures that lift productivity over the medium and long term will also make growth more inclusive.\n  - The IMF estimates these measures will increase the level of G-20 GDP by close to 4 percent."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Specific policy priorities highlighted",
      "content": "- Investment in human capital:\n  - Strengthen education and workers’ skills to help economies adjust to new technologies and ensure broader sharing of technological gains.\n- Financial inclusion and social insurance:\n  - Enhance financial inclusion.\n  - Adjust social safety nets and insurance systems to facilitate mobility across jobs, sectors, and borders.\n- Redistribution:\n  - Taxes and transfers will continue to play a major role in achieving more inclusive growth.\n- Cooperation to contain risks:\n  - Policymakers must work in parallel and together to contain risks, which will also help reduce inequality.\n  - Reducing barriers to trade in services can temper risks from excess external imbalances, reduce trade tensions, and help lift incomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Near-term deliverable",
      "content": "- The G-20 Surveillance Note was scheduled to be released on November 27 and will outline how policymakers must work together to contain risks and promote inclusive, sustainable, and balanced growth.\n\nSource: Chart of the Week: Grading the G-20 on its Growth Goals (IMF blog), November 19, 2018.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Group of Twenty: Future of Work: Measurement and Policy Challenges, July 18, 2018\n  - Group of Twenty: Future of Work: Measurement and Policy Challenges, July 18, 2018 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Group of Twenty: Future of Work: Measurement and Policy Challenges, July 18, 2018 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- G-20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth, November 19, 2018\n  - G-20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth, November 19, 2018 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - G-20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth, November 19, 2018 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- Português\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/BLOG-1024x500-girls-in-school-EgonBomsch-Newscom-ibpremium122339.jpg\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-table.jpg\n- remains strong\n- G-20\n- https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-maprev.jpg\n- 5 Things You Need to Know About Inequality\n- More People, More Technology, More Jobs: How to Build Inclusive Growth\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/blogs/articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/blogs/articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/blogs/articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Helge Berger, Margaux MacDonald",
    "Published: November 19, 2018",
    "Publication date: November 19, 2018.",
    "The global expansion remains strong; the IMF’s 2018 report gives the G-20 good grades on the short-term outlook.",
    "Compared to last year’s report:",
    "Progress toward more sustainable and balanced growth is slow:",
    "Inclusion is a new area of analysis in this year’s report and remains a challenge.",
    "After 1990, inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient rose across most G-20 economies.",
    "Income gains since the financial crisis have been highly uneven:",
    "Persistent inequalities reflect and reinforce uneven access to economic opportunities such as education, health care, and financial services.",
    "Acting now and coordinating policies across the G-20 can:",
    "Many measures that lift productivity over the medium and long term will also make growth more inclusive.",
    "Investment in human capital:",
    "Financial inclusion and social insurance:",
    "Redistribution:",
    "Cooperation to contain risks:",
    "The G-20 Surveillance Note was scheduled to be released on November 27 and will outline how policymakers must work together to contain risks and promote inclusive, sustainable, and balanced growth.",
    "**Group of Twenty: Future of Work: Measurement and Policy Challenges, July 18, 2018**",
    "**G-20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth, November 19, 2018**",
    "[Português](https://www.imf.org/pt/News/Articles/2018/11/19/blog-chart-of-the-week-grading-the-g-20-on-its-growth-goals)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/BLOG-1024x500-girls-in-school-EgonBomsch-Newscom-ibpremium122339.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/BLOG-1024x500-girls-in-school-EgonBomsch-Newscom-ibpremium122339.jpg)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-table.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-table.jpg)",
    "[remains strong](https://blogs.imf.org/2018/10/08/global-growth-plateaus-as-economic-risks-materialize/)",
    "[G-20](https://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/111918.htm)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-map_rev.jpg](https://www.imf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/eng-nov-12-g20-map_rev.jpg)",
    "[5 Things You Need to Know About Inequality](https://blogs.imf.org/2018/01/23/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-inequality/)",
    "[More People, More Technology, More Jobs: How to Build Inclusive Growth](https://blogs.imf.org/2017/12/04/more-people-more-technology-more-jobs-how-to-build-inclusive-growth/)"
  ],
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