{
  "title": "Rwanda: Primary Income: Compensation of Employees for Informal Workers",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers",
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  "summary": "Rwanda: Primary Income: Compensation of Employees for Informal Workers <br />Informal Economy Reports Core Links Informal Economy Reports IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics <img src=\"-/media/9187EBD7ED5F4832B2E6121427C09F85.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Introduction",
      "content": "- The survey targets non-resident and resident cross-border workers, seasonal and other short-term workers who work in a country different from their country of residence.\n- It includes seasonal or other short-term workers (less than one year) and border workers who are residents of one economy and work in another economy.\n- The survey captures income from border, seasonal, and other short-term workers resident in one economy paid by an employer resident in another economy where those workers are in an employer-employee relationship.\n- The survey covers workers who cross Rwanda’s borders to work in neighboring countries and non-residents coming to work in Rwanda."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Scope, Methodology, Compilation Practices, and Data Sources",
      "content": "- Legal framework\n  - The survey is carried out by the National Bank of Rwanda in partnership with the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR).\n- Scope\n  - The survey covers 17 official borders (borders with migration officers) and 39 major crossing points (borders with no presence of migration officers) around the country.\n- Methodology\n  - The compensation of employees’ survey on informal cross border workers started in 2017 and data are collected on quarterly basis.\n  - Field operations: enumerators are recruited and trained on how to use Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) - Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) questionnaires and subsequently deployed to the field.\n  - Data transmission: the compensation data are collected and transmitted to the bank server on real-time.\n- Compilation practices\n  - At the end of the quarter data are aggregated and are used to compile income debits and credits.\n- Data sources\n  - The data are collected from people crossing the borders to work in other countries or non-residents coming to work in Rwanda."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Annex — Questionnaire (selected items)",
      "content": "- Note\n  - The questions are asked to a resident employed in other country and non-resident employed in Rwanda.\n  - Only record income earned from the country of work and expenditure in the same country, excluding all income and expenses in their countries of residence.\n- Selected questionnaire items and response options:\n  - Q1. Where is your home place? ||\n    - 1. Burundi\n    - 2. DRC\n    - 3. Rwanda\n    - 4. Tanzania\n    - 5. Uganda\n  - Q2. The country of employment? ||\n  - Q3. Ask the type of work ||\n    - 1. Employee (Ukorera abandi)\n    - 2. Self – employed (Arikorera)\n    - 3. Seasonal worker\n    - 4. Other Cross-border worker – please specify\n  - Q4. What is your income for the last quarter? |||||||||\n  - Q6. Would you tell us/estimate how much you spent where you work in the last quarter? |||||||||"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "The survey targets non-resident and resident cross-border workers, seasonal and other short-term workers who work in a country different from their country of residence.",
    "It includes seasonal or other short-term workers (less than one year) and border workers who are residents of one economy and work in another economy.",
    "The survey captures income from border, seasonal, and other short-term workers resident in one economy paid by an employer resident in another economy where those workers are in an employer-employee relationship.",
    "The survey covers workers who cross Rwanda’s borders to work in neighboring countries and non-residents coming to work in Rwanda.",
    "Legal framework",
    "Scope",
    "Methodology",
    "Compilation practices",
    "Data sources",
    "Note",
    "Selected questionnaire items and response options:"
  ],
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  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-10-02T02:58:04.440Z"
}