## Rwanda: Primary Income: Compensation of Employees for Informal Workers

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Rwanda: Primary Income: Compensation of Employees for Informal Workers](https://www.imf.org/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers/bundle-manifest.json)

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### Introduction
- The survey targets non-resident and resident cross-border workers, seasonal and other short-term workers who work in a country different from their country of residence.
- It includes seasonal or other short-term workers (less than one year) and border workers who are residents of one economy and work in another economy.
- The survey captures income from border, seasonal, and other short-term workers resident in one economy paid by an employer resident in another economy where those workers are in an employer-employee relationship.
- The survey covers workers who cross Rwanda’s borders to work in neighboring countries and non-residents coming to work in Rwanda.

### Scope, Methodology, Compilation Practices, and Data Sources
- Legal framework
  - The survey is carried out by the National Bank of Rwanda in partnership with the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR).
- Scope
  - The survey covers 17 official borders (borders with migration officers) and 39 major crossing points (borders with no presence of migration officers) around the country.
- Methodology
  - The compensation of employees’ survey on informal cross border workers started in 2017 and data are collected on quarterly basis.
  - Field operations: enumerators are recruited and trained on how to use Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) - Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) questionnaires and subsequently deployed to the field.
  - Data transmission: the compensation data are collected and transmitted to the bank server on real-time.
- Compilation practices
  - At the end of the quarter data are aggregated and are used to compile income debits and credits.
- Data sources
  - The data are collected from people crossing the borders to work in other countries or non-residents coming to work in Rwanda.

### Annex — Questionnaire (selected items)
- Note
  - The questions are asked to a resident employed in other country and non-resident employed in Rwanda.
  - Only record income earned from the country of work and expenditure in the same country, excluding all income and expenses in their countries of residence.
- Selected questionnaire items and response options:
  - Q1. Where is your home place? |__|
    - 1. Burundi
    - 2. DRC
    - 3. Rwanda
    - 4. Tanzania
    - 5. Uganda
  - Q2. The country of employment? |__|
  - Q3. Ask the type of work |__|
    - 1. Employee (Ukorera abandi)
    - 2. Self – employed (Arikorera)
    - 3. Seasonal worker
    - 4. Other Cross-border worker – please specify
  - Q4. What is your income for the last quarter? |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
  - Q6. Would you tell us/estimate how much you spent where you work in the last quarter? |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|

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## References

- [Informal Economy Reports](https://www.imf.org/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports)

_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/data/statistics/informal-economy-data/reports/rwanda-primary-income-compensation-of-employees-for-informal-workers_