{
  "title": "Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with Ireland",
  "publication": "IMF News, June 24, 2009",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2015/09/28/04/53/pn0979",
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  "summary": "Each Public Information Notice contains a background section, a table of selected economic indicators, and an Executive Board assessment.",
  "publishDate": "2009-06-24",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Background",
      "content": "- Ireland experienced a property-driven boom followed by a painful adjustment as internal imbalances unwound.\n- Key developments and vulnerabilities:\n  - Easy credit fostered a property bubble, with banks’ exposures to property lending soaring and reliance on wholesale funding intensifying.\n  - Rapid wage growth eroded international competitiveness.\n  - GDP grew in 2007 at a brisk 6 percent; growth began to slow early in 2008 and decelerated further after the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008.\n  - Recent data (as of the PIN) point to further deceleration in 2009.\n- Banking sector stress:\n  - Asset quality deterioration concentrated in property development.\n  - Global financial crisis tightened access to wholesale funding.\n  - Irish bank stock prices fell sharply relative to the overall stock index, more so than in other eurozone countries.\n  - Extensive government support has been vital to maintaining financial stability.\n- Fiscal developments:\n  - Strong growth and buoyant revenues prompted tax reductions and expanded public expenditures that proved unsustainable.\n  - After a decade of close-to-balance-or-surplus positions, the general government deficit was 7 percent of GDP in 2008 as property-related revenues collapsed.\n  - The structural deficit is estimated at 12½ percent of GDP in 2008.\n  - Gross public debt reached 43 percent of GDP.\n  - Authorities have taken consolidation measures and laid out a multi-year plan to restore fiscal health."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Executive Board Assessment — Findings and Recommendations",
      "content": "- Overall diagnosis:\n  - Ireland was hit particularly hard by the global crisis, reflecting vulnerabilities built up during the boom and the economy’s openness to global shocks.\n  - Critical macroeconomic imbalances included unsustainable property prices, high bank exposure to property lending, reliance on wholesale funding, and declining international competitiveness.\n- Priorities identified by Directors:\n  - Restore the health of the financial sector.\n  - Ensure sustainability of public finances.\n  - Enhance external competitiveness and medium-term growth potential.\n- Financial sector recommendations and observations:\n  - Commended scale and speed of authorities’ response; efforts will need to be sustained over an extended period.\n  - Supported restructuring efforts including establishment of the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA).\n  - Underscored importance of adequate design and timely implementation of NAMA.\n  - Advised consideration of risk-sharing structures to assist with pricing distressed assets.\n  - Recommended NAMA be given legal and operational flexibility to address all classes of distressed bank assets.\n  - Noted that other bank restructuring options, including a greater equity interest by the government, should not be ruled out.\n  - Welcomed plans to strengthen the supervisory framework, including a macro-prudential approach blending systemic stability and institution-level stress management.\n  - Recommended intensified bank-by-bank surveillance beyond banks currently under deposit guarantee and stronger safeguards against related-party exposures.\n  - Called for rigorous assessments of banks’ overall capital adequacy and strengthened home-host supervisory cooperation.\n  - Considered that a special resolution regime for financial institutions would facilitate a speedy and less disruptive resolution of distressed banks.\n- Fiscal policy recommendations and observations:\n  - Welcomed fiscal measures taken, including significant cuts in public sector wages, and ambitious medium-term consolidation plans.\n  - Noted the emergence of a large structural fiscal deficit after reassessment of the underlying balance, rising public debt, and fiscal burden from bank support; sustained adjustment over several years required.\n  - Stressed importance of composition of consolidation efforts to support a return to robust growth; generally concurred focus should be on expenditure reduction, possibly including further reduction of the public sector wage bill.\n  - A few Directors cautioned that consolidation should not undermine efforts to arrest the economic downturn.\n  - Recommended an effective institutional framework over time, including an appropriate fiscal rule and a medium-term expenditure plan detailing measures over the full planning horizon.\n  - Underscored importance of better targeting benefits for the vulnerable, broadening the tax base without hampering restoration of external competitiveness, and further pension reform.\n  - A few Directors expressed concern about using resources of the National Pension Reserve Fund for bank recapitalization.\n- Competitiveness and growth:\n  - Economic growth will hinge on restoration of international competitiveness and reorientation toward high-productivity activities.\n  - With no scope for nominal exchange rate adjustment, flexible product and labor markets are an invaluable asset.\n  - Welcomed authorities’ commitment to restore wage cost competitiveness and their plans for infrastructure and R&D investment.\n  - A few Directors cautioned that falling nominal wages could impair domestic demand and accelerate deflation."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Ireland: Selected Economic Indicators (2003–2008)",
      "content": "- Real Economy (change in percent)\n  - Real GDP: 2003: 4.5; 2004: 4.7; 2005: 6.4; 2006: 5.7; 2007: 6.0; 2008: -2.3\n  - Real GNP: 2003: 5.9; 2004: 5.8; 2005: 6.3; 2006: 4.1; 2007: (blank in source); 2008: -3.1\n  - Domestic demand: 2003: 3.9; 2004: 4.3; 2005: 8.7; 2006: 6.1; 2007: 3.7; 2008: -5.7\n  - Exports of goods and services: 2003: 0.6; 2004: 7.5; 2005: 5.2; 2006: 6.8; 2007: (blank in source); 2008: -0.4\n  - Imports of goods and services: 2003: -1.6; 2004: 8.5; 2005: 8.2; 2006: (blank in source); 2007: -4.4; 2008: (blank in source)\n  - HICP: 2003: 4.0; 2004: 2.3; 2005: 2.2; 2006: 2.7; 2007: 2.9; 2008: 3.1\n  - Unemployment rate (in percent): 2003: 4.4 (other years blank in source)\n- Public Finances (percent of GDP)\n  - General government balance: 2003: 0.3; 2004: 1.4; 2005: 1.5; 2006: 0.2; 2007: -7.1; 2008: (blank in source)\n  - Structural balance 1/ (in percent of potential GDP): 2003: -5.0; 2004: -5.4; 2005: -8.7; 2006: (blank in source); 2007: -12.5; 2008: (blank in source)\n  - General government debt: 2003: 31.1; 2004: 29.4; 2005: 27.3; 2006: 24.7; 2007: 24.8; 2008: 43.2\n- Money and Credit (end-period, percent change)\n  - M3 2/: 2003: 9.8; 2004: 22.5; 2005: 22.0; 2006: 28.5; 2007: 9.6; 2008: -2.1\n  - Private sector credit 3/: 2003: 17.9; 2004: 26.6; 2005: 28.8; 2006: 25.9; 2007: 17.0; 2008: 6.6\n- Interest rates (end-period)\n  - Three-month treasury bill: 2003: 2.1; 2004: 2.5; 2005: 3.4 (other years blank in source)\n  - 10-year government bond yield: 2003: 4.6; 2004: 3.3 (other years blank in source)\n- Balance of Payments (percent of GDP)\n  - Trade balance (goods and services): 2003: 15.4; 2004: 14.2; 2005: 11.7; 2006: 10.3; 2007: 11.5; 2008: (blank in source)\n  - Current account: 2003: 0.0; 2004: -0.6; 2005: -3.5; 2006: -3.6; 2007: -4.5; 2008: (blank in source)\n- Reserves (in billions of euros)\n  - 2003: 0.7 (other years blank in source)\n- Exchange Rate\n  - Exchange rate regime: (entry in source: Euros per U.S. dollar)\n  - Euros per U.S. dollar: 2003: 0.9; 2004: 0.8 (other years blank in source)\n  - Nominal effective rate (1999Q1=100): 2003: 101.9; 2004: 104.5; 2005: 104.1; 2006: 104.4; 2007: 107.4; 2008: 113.0\n  - Real effective rate (1999Q1=100, CPI based): 2003: 112.6; 2004: 115.8; 2005: 115.4; 2006: 116.0; 2007: 120.1; 2008: 125.5\n- Notes included in source:\n  - 1/ In percent of potential GDP.\n  - 2/ The methodology used to compile M3 has been amended in line with Eurosystem requirements. Therefore, there is a break in the series.\n  - 3/ Adjusted change, which includes the effects of transactions between credit institutions and non-bank international financial companies and valuation effects arising from exchange rate movements.\n- Sources cited in the PIN: Central Statistics Office; Department of Finance, Datastream and IMF International Financial Statistics.\n\nPublic Information Notice No. 09/79 — June 24, 2009.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Cr09195pdf (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Country Report (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\n References\n\n- Ireland and the IMF\n- Public Information Notices\n- https://www.imf.org/external/mmedia/view.asp?eventID=1532\n- Transcript of a Conference Call on Ireland\n- Adobe Acrobat Reader\n- https://www.imf.org/en/home\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2015/09/28/04/53/pn0979"
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    "Published: June 24, 2009",
    "Ireland experienced a property-driven boom followed by a painful adjustment as internal imbalances unwound.",
    "Key developments and vulnerabilities:",
    "Banking sector stress:",
    "Fiscal developments:",
    "Overall diagnosis:",
    "Priorities identified by Directors:",
    "Financial sector recommendations and observations:",
    "Fiscal policy recommendations and observations:",
    "Competitiveness and growth:",
    "Real Economy (change in percent)",
    "Public Finances (percent of GDP)",
    "Money and Credit (end-period, percent change)",
    "Interest rates (end-period)",
    "Balance of Payments (percent of GDP)",
    "Reserves (in billions of euros)",
    "Exchange Rate",
    "Notes included in source:",
    "Sources cited in the PIN: Central Statistics Office; Department of Finance, Datastream and IMF International Financial Statistics.",
    "[Cr09195pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/_cr09195pdf.pdf){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}",
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    "[Ireland and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/external/country/IRL/index.htm)",
    "[Public Information Notices](https://www.imf.org/en/news/searchnews)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/external/mmedia/view.asp?eventID=1532](https://www.imf.org/external/mmedia/view.asp?eventID=1532)",
    "[Transcript of a Conference Call on Ireland](https://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/2009/tr062409.htm)",
    "[Adobe Acrobat Reader](https://www.imf.org/adobe)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/en/home](https://www.imf.org/en/home)"
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