{
  "title": "IMF Executive Board Concludes 2025 Article IV Consultation with Türkiye",
  "publication": "IMF News, February 13, 2026",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/02/13/pr-26047-turkiye-imf-executive-board-concludes-2025-article-iv-consultation",
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  "summary": "The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Türkiye.",
  "publishDate": "2026-02-13",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Türkiye. (Press Release No. 26/047; February 13, 2026.)\n- Since the 2024 Article IV, Türkiye’s disinflation program has shown successes: inflation fell from 49.4 percent (y/y) in September 2024 to 30.9 percent in December 2025 on the back of strong fiscal consolidation, prudent income policies, and a tight monetary policy stance.\n- GDP growth forecast at 4.1 percent in 2025; lira demand has strengthened, bolstering international reserves; current account deficit remains adequately financed."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Macroeconomic outlook and key projections",
      "content": "- Short-term outlook:\n  - End-2026 inflation expected at 23 percent (y/y) as domestic demand remains strong.\n  - Growth expected at 4.2 percent for 2026, boosted by further policy rate cuts and rising confidence.\n  - Reserves expected to stay at around 80 percent of the IMF’s adequacy metric, supported by depositor confidence and strong gold prices.\n- Longer-term projections (selected years from table):\n  - Real GDP growth rate: 2025: 4.1; 2026: 4.2; 2027: 4.0.\n  - GDP deflator growth rate: 2025: 34.0; 2026: 22.2; 2027: 19.5; 2028: 17.7; 2029: 14.7; 2030: 13.7; 2031: 14.1.\n  - Inflation (period-average): 2025: 34.9; 2026: 25.9; 2027: 20.9; 2028: 17.0; 2029: 15.0.\n  - Inflation (end-year): 2025: 30.9; 2026: 23.0; 2027: 19.0.\n  - Unemployment rate: 2025: 8.3; 2026: 9.1.\n  - Real sector contributions (selected): Private consumption contributions include 2021: 8.9; 2022: 9.5; 2023: 6.8; 2024: 2.9; 2025: 2.6; 2026: 3.5.\n  - Output gap (most recent entries): 1.5; -0.2.\n- External sector (selected):\n  - Current account balance entries in table: -5.0; -1.4; -1.5.\n  - Gross external debt: 2024: 38.1; 2025: 34.5; 2026: 35.6; 2027: 36.2; 2028: 35.2; 2029: 34.4; 2030: 33.9; 2031: 33.3.\n  - Gross financing requirement: 20.5; 22.5; 17.3; 16.5; 18.2; 18.3; 17.9; 17.6.\n- Monetary conditions (selected):\n  - Real average cost of CBRT funding to banks entries: -1.9; -59.4; -35.4; -9.5; ...\n  - Growth of broad money (M2): 53.0; 59.2; 70.1; 36.9; 40.0.\n  - Growth of credit to private sector: 37.0; 54.7; 54.0; 37.5."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Executive Board assessment — summary of Directors’ views",
      "content": "- Commendations and general view:\n  - Directors commended the authorities for the important successes of their disinflation policies, which reduced macroeconomic imbalances and improved confidence while preserving solid growth.\n  - Noting that inflation remains well above target and the economy is highly vulnerable to shocks, Directors stressed the need for a tighter macroeconomic policy mix combined with ambitious structural reforms to entrench disinflation, further strengthen external buffers, and support inclusive medium-term growth.\n- Fiscal policy:\n  - Directors commended the authorities for their strong fiscal effort in 2025.\n  - Continued tightening, bringing the budget deficit temporarily below the 3 percent medium-term target, is needed to support disinflation.\n  - Emphasis on measures to broaden the tax base and improve compliance, and further efforts to streamline expenditures through phasing out energy subsidies.\n  - Need for carefully sequenced and well communicated measures to minimize second-round inflationary impacts while mitigating the impact on vulnerable households.\n  - As fiscal space expands, additional resources could be redirected to social priorities.\n  - Support for full alignment of wage policies with inflation targets, as well as stronger oversight of PPPs and SOEs.\n- Monetary policy:\n  - Directors generally called for tighter monetary policy to achieve decisive disinflation, while emphasizing the need for policy rate adjustments to remain data dependent and mindful of their macro-financial implications.\n  - To bolster policy credibility and strengthen transmission, Directors emphasized a simplified monetary policy framework firmly centered on the policy rate, with enhanced central bank independence and communication.\n  - Recommendation to limit FX interventions to smoothing volatility, while gradually allowing greater exchange rate flexibility as inflation expectations become better anchored and reserve buffers recover.\n- Financial sector:\n  - Directors noted the financial sector remains robust, supported by the authorities’ swift and effective response to market stress.\n  - Continued vigilance is warranted, particularly for still high FX liquidity risks.\n  - Support for ongoing efforts to strengthen the supervisory and resolution frameworks along with enhanced oversight, including of crypto assets.\n- Structural reforms:\n  - Directors urged structural reforms to foster productivity, resilience, and medium-term growth.\n  - Top priorities include improvements in labor, education, and governance and legal frameworks, support for SMEs, and raising the share of renewables in the energy mix."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Risks and policy trade-offs",
      "content": "- Risks identified:\n  - External risks remain elevated due to persistent global trade uncertainty and regional conflicts.\n  - Adverse shocks (example provided): an increase of energy prices or a negative weather event could further extend the period of still-high inflation.\n  - The gradual approach to disinflation has weighed on the financial sector and slowed productivity growth.\n- Policy trade-offs:\n  - Current policy mix balances disinflation with steady growth, but carries costs and risks; Directors recommend tighter macroeconomic policy mix plus structural reforms to entrench gains and reduce vulnerability."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Selected economic indicators (high-level snapshots)",
      "content": "- Population (2024): 85.7 million\n- Per capita GDP (2024): US$15,882\n- Quota: SDR 4,658.6 million\n- Real GDP growth rate (selected): 2021: 11.8; 2022: 5.4; 2023: 5.0; 2024: 3.3; 2025: 4.1; 2026: 4.2; 2027: 4.0.\n- Inflation (end-year) (selected): 2021: 36.1; 2022: 64.3; 2023: 64.8; 2024: 44.4; 2025: 30.9; 2026: 23.0; 2027: 19.0.\n- General government gross debt (EU definition) (selected): 2021: 38.9; 2022: 29.4; 2023: 28.2; 2024: 23.6; 2025: 23.1; 2026: 24.7; 2027: 25.7.\n- Current account balance (selected): -5.0; -1.4; -1.5.\n- Gross external debt (selected): 51.7; 48.7; 42.7; 38.1; 34.5; 35.6; 36.2; 35.2; 34.4; 33.9; 33.3.\n\nPress Release No. 26/047 — February 13, 2026. International Monetary Fund.\n\n---\n\n\n References\n\n- Republic of Türkiye and the IMF\n- IMF Policy Advice -- A Factsheet\n- Press Releases\n- PRESS CENTER\n- http://www.IMF.org/external/np/sec/misc/qualifiers.htm\n- https://www.imf.org/en/home\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/02/13/pr-26047-turkiye-imf-executive-board-concludes-2025-article-iv-consultation"
    }
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    "Published: February 13, 2026",
    "The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Türkiye. (Press Release No. 26/047; February 13, 2026.)",
    "Since the 2024 Article IV, Türkiye’s disinflation program has shown successes: inflation fell from 49.4 percent (y/y) in September 2024 to 30.9 percent in December 2025 on the back of strong fiscal consolidation, prudent income policies, and a tight monetary policy stance.",
    "GDP growth forecast at 4.1 percent in 2025; lira demand has strengthened, bolstering international reserves; current account deficit remains adequately financed.",
    "Short-term outlook:",
    "Longer-term projections (selected years from table):",
    "External sector (selected):",
    "Monetary conditions (selected):",
    "Commendations and general view:",
    "Fiscal policy:",
    "Monetary policy:",
    "Financial sector:",
    "Structural reforms:",
    "Risks identified:",
    "Policy trade-offs:",
    "Population (2024): 85.7 million",
    "Per capita GDP (2024): US$15,882",
    "Quota: SDR 4,658.6 million",
    "Real GDP growth rate (selected): 2021: 11.8; 2022: 5.4; 2023: 5.0; 2024: 3.3; 2025: 4.1; 2026: 4.2; 2027: 4.0.",
    "Inflation (end-year) (selected): 2021: 36.1; 2022: 64.3; 2023: 64.8; 2024: 44.4; 2025: 30.9; 2026: 23.0; 2027: 19.0.",
    "General government gross debt (EU definition) (selected): 2021: 38.9; 2022: 29.4; 2023: 28.2; 2024: 23.6; 2025: 23.1; 2026: 24.7; 2027: 25.7.",
    "Current account balance (selected): -5.0; -1.4; -1.5.",
    "Gross external debt (selected): 51.7; 48.7; 42.7; 38.1; 34.5; 35.6; 36.2; 35.2; 34.4; 33.9; 33.3.",
    "[Republic of Türkiye and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/external/country/TUR/index.htm)",
    "[IMF Policy Advice -- A Factsheet](https://www.imf.org/en/about/factsheets/imf-surveillance)",
    "[Press Releases](https://www.imf.org/en/news/searchnews)",
    "[PRESS CENTER](http://presscenter.imf.org/)",
    "[http://www.IMF.org/external/np/sec/misc/qualifiers.htm](http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/misc/qualifiers.htm)",
    "[https://www.imf.org/en/home](https://www.imf.org/en/home)"
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