## Conference on Gender and Macroeconomics

_IMF News_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Conference on Gender and Macroeconomics](https://www.imf.org/en/news/events/gender-and-macroeconomics)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/news/events/gender-and-macroeconomics/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/news/events/gender-and-macroeconomics/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/news/events/gender-and-macroeconomics/bundle-manifest.json)

---

### Conference overview
- The IMF held a conference on Gender and Macroeconomics on March 23-24, 2017 at the IMF Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
- The conference provided a forum for discussing innovative empirical and theoretical research on gender and macroeconomics and policy implications, with specific application to the challenges of low-income and developing countries.
- Opening remarks were delivered by Maurice Obstfeld, IMF Economic Counsellor and Director of Research, on March 23, and by Ms. Christine Lagarde, IMF Managing Director, on March 24.
- The conference was open to the public; the deadline for public registration was March 20, 2017.

### Major themes and topics
- Female labor force participation
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Purva Khera: "Macroeconomic Linkages between Gender Gaps in Formal Finance, Labor Force Participation and Quality of Employment: A Case Study on India." (Presentation)
    - Konstantin Wacker, Arusha Cooray, and Isis Gaddis: "Globalization and Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries: An Empirical Re-Assessment." (Paper)
    - Martina Metzger and Bilge Erten: "Real Exchange Rates and FLFP." (Paper | Presentation)
- Financial inclusion
  - Rapporteur: Mark Blackden, Independent Consultant, Gender and Development
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, and Dorothe Singer: "Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women." (Paper | Presentation)
    - Thierry Babilla, Adele Ngo Billong, Martin Eloundou, and Sandra Kendo: "Macro; Implications of Female Entrepreneurs Facing Financial Frictions to Access to; Credit: A DSGE Model Approach in Cameroon." (Paper | Presentation)
    - Aslan Goksu Delechat, Corinne Monique Newiak, and Fan Yang: "Inequality in Financial Inclusion, Gender Gaps, and Income Inequality." (Paper)
    - Theresa Mannah-Blankson: "Gender Asset Gap: Does Access to Microfinance Matter?" 
- Macro policy and outcomes
  - Rapporteur: Daria Zakharova, Advisor, IMF Strategy, Policy, and Review Department
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Elissa Braunstein and Stephanie Seguino: "Social Reproduction, Gender Inequality, and Economic Growth." (Paper | Presentation)
    - Sonali Jain-Chandra, Kalpana Kochhar, Monique Newiak, Yang Yang, and Edda Zoli: "Determinants of Gender Inequality: The Role of Macroeconomic and Structural Policies, Infrastructure and Institutions."
    - Davide Romelli, Donato Masciandaro, and Paola Profeta: "Gender and Monetary Policymaking: Trends, Drivers and Effects." (Presentation)
- Public investment and infrastructure
  - Rapporteur: Christine Dieterich, Deputy Division Chief, IMF African Department
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Ipek Ilkkaracan, Kijong Kim, and Tolga Kaya: "Investing in Social Care Infrastructure and Employment Generation: A Distributional Analysis of the Care Economy in Turkey." (Paper)
    - Tamoya Christie: "Gender Sensitive Fiscal Policy: A Framework for Public Investment in the Care Economy in Low Income Countries." (Presentation)
    - Flaubert Mbiekop and Alban Ahoure: "Improving Gender Outcomes in the Course of Development: Revisiting the Role of Basic Infrastructure." (Paper)
- Trade, diversification, and structural change
  - Rapporteur: Chris Papageorgiou, Deputy Division Chief, IMF Research Department
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Lucia Fry and Rachel Noble: "Ensuring Economic Diversification Works for Women." (Paper | Presentation)
    - Krisztina Kis-Katos, Janneke Pieters, and Robert Sparrow: "Globalization and Social Change: Gender-specific Effects of Trade Liberalization in Indonesia." (Paper)
    - Karin Astrid Siegmann and Hadia Majid: "Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan?" (Paper | Presentation)
    - Mary Borrowman and Stephan Klasen: "Drivers of Gendered Sectoral and Occupational Segregation in Developing Countries." (Paper | Presentation)
- Wage gaps
  - Rapporteur: Paul McNelis, Robert Bendheim Professor of Economic & Financial Policy, Fordham University
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Eva Jenkner and Carolina Correa Caro: "Fiscal Policy and Gender: Gender-Specific Mandates and the Gender Wage Gap." (Presentation)
    - Grace Li, Prakash Loungani, and Jonathan Ostry: "Inequality and Gender in China."
- Intra-household choices
  - Rapporteur: Eva Jenkner, Senior Economist, IMF Institute for Capacity Development
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Luis San Vicente Portes, Vidya Atal, and Miriam Juarez Torres: "Aggregate Effects of Women’s Empowerment." (Paper)
    - Nikola Spatafora, Andrea Presbitero, and Giulia Bettin: "Gender and the Allocation of Remittances." (Presentation)
    - Srinivas Raghavendra, Sinead Ashe, and Nata Duvvury: "Estimating the Macroeconomic Loss of Violence Against Women Using the Social Accounting Framework: Viet Nam." (Paper)
- Firm performance and market competition
  - Rapporteur: Andrea Presbitero, Economist, IMF Strategy, Policy, and Review Department
  - Presentations and papers included:
    - Mario Macis, Luca Flabbi, Andrea Moro, and Fabiano Schivardi: "Do Female Executives Make a Difference? The Impact of Female Leadership on Gender Gaps and Firm Performance." (Paper)
    - Steve Gui-Diby, Selsah Pasali, and Diana Rodriquez-Wong: "What’s Gender Got to Do with Firm Productivity?" (Paper | Presentation)
    - Ejaz Ghani, Arti Grover Goswami, Sari Kerr, and William Kerr: "Will Market Competition Trump Gender Discrimination in India." (Paper)

### Schedule highlights (selected times as held at the event)
- March 23, 2017
  - 8:00 - 9:00 am: Registration
  - 9:00 - 9:15 am: Opening Remarks, Maurice Obstfeld
  - 9:15 - 10:20 am: Labor Force Participation session
  - 10:20 - 10:30 am: Coffee
  - 10:30 am - 12:00 pm: Financial Inclusion session
  - 12:00 - 1:00 pm: Lunch
  - 1:00 - 2:05 pm: Macro Policy and Outcomes session
  - 2:05 - 2:15 pm: Coffee
  - 2:15 - 3:15 pm: Public Investment/Infrastructure session
- March 24, 2017
  - 9:30 - 9:45 am: Opening Remarks, Ms. Christine Lagarde
  - 9:45 - 11:15 am: Trade/Diversification and Structural Change session
  - 11:15 - 11:30 am: Coffee
  - 11:30 - 12:30 pm: Wage Gaps session
  - 12:30 - 1:45 pm: Lunch
  - 1:45 - 3:00 pm: Intra-household Choices session
  - 3:00 - 3:15 pm: Coffee
  - 3:15 - 4:30 pm: Firm Performance/Market Competition session
  - 4:30 - 4:45 pm: Wrap-up
  - 4:45 - 6:30 pm: Cocktails

### Policy focus and implications discussed
- Empirical and theoretical links between gender gaps and macroeconomic outcomes, including:
  - Connections among formal finance access, labor force participation, and quality of employment (case study on India).
  - Macro implications of financial frictions facing female entrepreneurs (DSGE model approach in Cameroon).
  - The role of public investment in care infrastructure and fiscal policy frameworks for the care economy in low-income countries.
  - Determinants of gender inequality: macroeconomic and structural policies, infrastructure, and institutions.
  - Gender-specific effects of trade liberalization and implications for diversification and structural change.
  - Estimation of macroeconomic losses from violence against women using a Social Accounting Framework (Viet Nam).
  - The impact of female leadership on firm performance and whether market competition mitigates gender discrimination.

---

## Content in this bundle

- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/asli-demirguckunt-leora-klapper-and-dorothe-singer.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/asli-demirguckunt-leora-klapper-and-dorothe-singer.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women; March 2017**
  - [Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/asli-demirguckunt-leora-klapper-and-dorothe-singerpresentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/asli-demirguckunt-leora-klapper-and-dorothe-singerpresentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Gender and Monetary Policymaking: Trends, Drivers and Effects; March 2014**
  - [Gender and Monetary Policymaking: Trends, Drivers and Effects; March 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/davide-romelli-donato-masciandaro-and-paola-profetapresentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Gender and Monetary Policymaking: Trends, Drivers and Effects; March 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/davide-romelli-donato-masciandaro-and-paola-profetapresentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **IMF Gender and Macro Conference; March 2017**
  - [IMF Gender and Macro Conference; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/ejaz-ghani-arti-grover-goswami-sari-kerr-and-william-kerr.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [IMF Gender and Macro Conference; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/ejaz-ghani-arti-grover-goswami-sari-kerr-and-william-kerr.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Social Reproduction, Gender Inequality and Economic Growth**
  - [Social Reproduction, Gender Inequality and Economic Growth (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/elissa-braunstein-and-stephanie-seguino-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Social Reproduction, Gender Inequality and Economic Growth (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/elissa-braunstein-and-stephanie-seguino-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Elissa Braunstein and Stephanie Seguino**
  - [Elissa Braunstein and Stephanie Seguino (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/elissa-braunstein-and-stephanie-seguino.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Elissa Braunstein and Stephanie Seguino (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/elissa-braunstein-and-stephanie-seguino.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Can More Equal Leave Policies Lead to More Equal Pay?; March 2014**
  - [Can More Equal Leave Policies Lead to More Equal Pay?; March 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/eva-jenkner-and-carolina-correa-caro-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Can More Equal Leave Policies Lead to More Equal Pay?; March 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/eva-jenkner-and-carolina-correa-caro-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/flaubert-mbiekop-and-alban-ahoure.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/flaubert-mbiekop-and-alban-ahoure.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Gender and Macroeconomics Conference; March 23-24, 2017**
  - [Gender and Macroeconomics Conference; March 23-24, 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/gender-agenda.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Gender and Macroeconomics Conference; March 23-24, 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/gender-agenda.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/ipek-ilkkaracan-kijong-kim-and-tolga-kaya.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/ipek-ilkkaracan-kijong-kim-and-tolga-kaya.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan? March 2017**
  - [Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan? March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/karin-astrid-siegmann-and-hadia-majid-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan? March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/karin-astrid-siegmann-and-hadia-majid-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan?; March 2014**
  - [Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan?; March 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/karin-astrid-siegmann-and-hadia-majid.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Has Growth Been Good for Women’s Employment in Pakistan?; March 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/karin-astrid-siegmann-and-hadia-majid.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/konstantin-wacker-arusha-cooray-and-isis-gaddis.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/konstantin-wacker-arusha-cooray-and-isis-gaddis.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Krisztina Kis-Katos, Janneke Pieters, and Robert Sparrow**
  - [Krisztina Kis-Katos, Janneke Pieters, and Robert Sparrow (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/krisztina-kiskatos-janneke-pieters-and-robert-sparrow.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Krisztina Kis-Katos, Janneke Pieters, and Robert Sparrow (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/krisztina-kiskatos-janneke-pieters-and-robert-sparrow.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Trading up, Crowded out? Ensuring economic diversification works for women; March 2017**
  - [Trading up, Crowded out? Ensuring economic diversification works for women; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/lucia-fry-and-rachel-noble-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Trading up, Crowded out? Ensuring economic diversification works for women; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/lucia-fry-and-rachel-noble-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Ensuring economic diversification works for women – Taking a closer look; Lucia Fry and Rachel Noble**
  - [Ensuring economic diversification works for women – Taking a closer look; Lucia Fry and Rachel Noble (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/lucia-fry-and-rachel-noble.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Ensuring economic diversification works for women – Taking a closer look; Lucia Fry and Rachel Noble (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/lucia-fry-and-rachel-noble.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Aggregate E§ects of Womenís Empowerment**
  - [Aggregate E§ects of Womenís Empowerment (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/luis-san-vicente-portes-vidya-atal-and-miriam-juarez-torres.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Aggregate E§ects of Womenís Empowerment (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/luis-san-vicente-portes-vidya-atal-and-miriam-juarez-torres.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mario-macis-luca-flabbi-andrea-moro-and-fabiano-schivardi.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mario-macis-luca-flabbi-andrea-moro-and-fabiano-schivardi.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **The Real Exchange Rate and Female Labor Force Participation; March 2014**
  - [The Real Exchange Rate and Female Labor Force Participation; March 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/martina-metzger-and-bilge-erten-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [The Real Exchange Rate and Female Labor Force Participation; March 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/martina-metzger-and-bilge-erten-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/martina-metzger-and-bilge-erten.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/martina-metzger-and-bilge-erten.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Mary Borrowman and Stephan Klasen Presentation**
  - [Mary Borrowman and Stephan Klasen Presentation (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mary-borrowman-and-stephan-klasen-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Mary Borrowman and Stephan Klasen Presentation (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mary-borrowman-and-stephan-klasen-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Drivers of Gendered Sectoral and Occupational Segregation in Developing Countries; March 2017**
  - [Drivers of Gendered Sectoral and Occupational Segregation in Developing Countries; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mary-borrowman-and-stephan-klasen.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Drivers of Gendered Sectoral and Occupational Segregation in Developing Countries; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/mary-borrowman-and-stephan-klasen.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Gender, remittances, and household expenditures; March 2017**
  - [Gender, remittances, and household expenditures; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/nikola-spatafora-andrea-presbitero-and-giulia-bettin.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Gender, remittances, and household expenditures; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/nikola-spatafora-andrea-presbitero-and-giulia-bettin.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Macro-Linkages between gender gaps in access to finance and labor market outcomes; March 2014**
  - [Macro-Linkages between gender gaps in access to finance and labor market outcomes; March 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/purva-khera-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Macro-Linkages between gender gaps in access to finance and labor market outcomes; March 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/purva-khera-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/srinivas-raghavendra-nata-duvvury-and-sinad-ashe.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/srinivas-raghavendra-nata-duvvury-and-sinad-ashe.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/steve-guidiby-selsah-pasali-and-diana-rodriquezwong.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/steve-guidiby-selsah-pasali-and-diana-rodriquezwong.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **What’s Gender Got to Do with Firm Productivity? Evidence from Firm Level Data in Asia; March 2017**
  - [What’s Gender Got to Do with Firm Productivity? Evidence from Firm Level Data in Asia; March 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/steve-guidiby-selsah-pasali-and-diana-rodriquezwongpresentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [What’s Gender Got to Do with Firm Productivity? Evidence from Firm Level Data in Asia; March 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/steve-guidiby-selsah-pasali-and-diana-rodriquezwongpresentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Tamoya Christie Presentation**
  - [Tamoya Christie Presentation (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/tamoya-christie-presentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Tamoya Christie Presentation (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/tamoya-christie-presentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Paper**
  - [Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/thierry-babilla-adele-ngo-billong-martin-eloundou-and-sandra-kendo.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/thierry-babilla-adele-ngo-billong-martin-eloundou-and-sandra-kendo.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- **Thierry Babilla Adele Ngo Billong Martin Eloundou and Sandra Kendopresentation**
  - [Thierry Babilla Adele Ngo Billong Martin Eloundou and Sandra Kendopresentation (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/thierry-babilla-adele-ngo-billong-martin-eloundou-and-sandra-kendopresentation.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Thierry Babilla Adele Ngo Billong Martin Eloundou and Sandra Kendopresentation (PDF)](/-/media/files/news/seminars/2017/gender-and-macroeconomics/thierry-babilla-adele-ngo-billong-martin-eloundou-and-sandra-kendopresentation.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

---

## References

- [Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality](https://www.imf.org/en/news/events/conference-on-fiscal-policies-gender-equality)

_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/news/events/gender-and-macroeconomics_