{
  "title": "Equitable and Sustainable Pensions: Challenges and Experience",
  "publication": "Books, March 8, 2014",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/books/issues/2016/12/31/equitable-and-sustainable-pensions-challenges-and-experience-40877",
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  "summary": "Pension reform is high on the agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies, for many reasons. First, public pensions often constitute a large share of government expenditure. Second, population aging means that reforms would be needed just to keep pension spending from rising in the future.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and Rationale for Reform",
      "content": "- Public pensions often constitute a large share of government expenditure.\n- Population aging means reforms would be needed just to keep pension spending from rising in the future.\n- Low or falling pension coverage in many economies will leave large segments of the population without adequate income in old age and at risk of falling into poverty.\n- A systematic analysis of equity issues in pension systems—and how countries have grappled with these issues—had not been undertaken prior to this volume."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key Issues Covered",
      "content": "- The effect of pension systems on intergenerational equity.\n- The impact of pension reforms on poverty.\n- The effects of pension reform measures on fiscal sustainability and equity.\n- The fiscal consequences of achieving different equity goals.\n- Country case studies illustrating reform experience and challenges."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Intended Audience and Use",
      "content": "- Policymakers seeking guidance on pension reform design.\n- Academic audiences interested in the latest research on equity and sustainability in pension systems.\n- Users looking for lessons and challenges for the design of reforms in the post-crisis world."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and Keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects: Aging, Expenditure, Labor, Pension reform, Pension spending, Pensions, Population and demographics, Retirement\n- Keywords: Aging, Asia and Pacific, BOOK, contribution rate, country, East Asia, Eastern Europe, eligibility age, Europe, Global, government, income, old-age pension, pension, Pension reform, Pension spending, pension system, Pensions, replacement rate, Retirement, retirement age\n\nSource: Equitable and Sustainable Pensions: Challenges and Experience (IMF web landing page).\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/books/issues/2016/12/31/equitable-and-sustainable-pensions-challenges-and-experience-40877"
    }
  ],
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    "Authors: Benedict J. Clements, Frank Eich, Sanjeev Gupta",
    "Published: March 8, 2014",
    "Series: Books",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781616359508.071",
    "Public pensions often constitute a large share of government expenditure.",
    "Population aging means reforms would be needed just to keep pension spending from rising in the future.",
    "Low or falling pension coverage in many economies will leave large segments of the population without adequate income in old age and at risk of falling into poverty.",
    "A systematic analysis of equity issues in pension systems—and how countries have grappled with these issues—had not been undertaken prior to this volume.",
    "The effect of pension systems on intergenerational equity.",
    "The impact of pension reforms on poverty.",
    "The effects of pension reform measures on fiscal sustainability and equity.",
    "The fiscal consequences of achieving different equity goals.",
    "Country case studies illustrating reform experience and challenges.",
    "Policymakers seeking guidance on pension reform design.",
    "Academic audiences interested in the latest research on equity and sustainability in pension systems.",
    "Users looking for lessons and challenges for the design of reforms in the post-crisis world.",
    "Subjects: Aging, Expenditure, Labor, Pension reform, Pension spending, Pensions, Population and demographics, Retirement",
    "Keywords: Aging, Asia and Pacific, BOOK, contribution rate, country, East Asia, Eastern Europe, eligibility age, Europe, Global, government, income, old-age pension, pension, Pension reform, Pension spending, pension system, Pensions, replacement rate, Retirement, retirement age"
  ],
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