## Finland: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation

_IMF Staff Country Reports, October 18, 1999_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Finland: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/finland-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3248)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/finland-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3248/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/finland-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3248/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/finland-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3248/bundle-manifest.json)

## Bibliographic details
- Published: October 18, 1999
- Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451813142.002

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### Key findings and macroeconomic developments
- Finland’s economy made a strong recovery from the deep recession that began in the early 1990s.
- Recovery was spurred by a devaluation of the markka.
- Growth was predominantly export driven.
- The external current account shifted from a deficit of more than 5 percent in the early 1990s to a surplus of the same magnitude in 1997/98.
- Prudent macroeconomic policies brought public finances from a deficit of 7 percent of GDP in 1993 to a surplus in 1998.

### Policy implications and topics covered
- Employment
- Expenditure
- Labor
- Labor markets
- Pension spending
- Pensions
- Public finance
- Staff appraisal
- Wage agreement
- Budget proposal
- Business outlook indicator
- Consumer price inflation
- Surplus

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## Content in this bundle

- [Cr99121 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/1999/_cr99121.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}
- [Stm99121 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-publications/external/np/a4pilot/1999/_stm99121.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/finland-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3248_