{
  "title": "United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation",
  "publication": "IMF Staff Country Reports, August 6, 1999",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/index.md",
  "summary": "This 1999 Article IV Consultation highlights that the U.S. real GDP grew by 3.9 percent in 1998, reflecting buoyant consumption and investment spending. In the first quarter of 1999, real GDP grew by 4.3 percent (annual rate) before slowing to 2.3 percent in the second quarter.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Macro growth and demand dynamics",
      "content": "- U.S. real GDP grew by 3.9 percent in 1998, reflecting buoyant consumption and investment spending.\n- In the first quarter of 1999, real GDP grew by 4.3 percent (annual rate).\n- Real GDP slowed to 2.3 percent in the second quarter of 1999."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Consumption and savings",
      "content": "- Consumption was boosted by a sharp fall in personal saving.\n- The ratio of personal saving to personal disposable income declined to ½ percent in 1998.\n- The ratio of personal saving to personal disposable income turned negative in the first quarter of 1999.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation - ISCR/99/76\n  - United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation - ISCR/99/76 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation - ISCR/99/76 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Published: August 6, 1999",
    "Series: IMF Staff Country Reports",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451839517.002",
    "U.S. real GDP grew by 3.9 percent in 1998, reflecting buoyant consumption and investment spending.",
    "In the first quarter of 1999, real GDP grew by 4.3 percent (annual rate).",
    "Real GDP slowed to 2.3 percent in the second quarter of 1999.",
    "Consumption was boosted by a sharp fall in personal saving.",
    "The ratio of personal saving to personal disposable income declined to ½ percent in 1998.",
    "The ratio of personal saving to personal disposable income turned negative in the first quarter of 1999.",
    "**United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation - ISCR/99/76**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "United States: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation - ISCR/99/76",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/1999/_cr9976.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/1999/_cr9976.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/scr/1999/_cr9976.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2016/12/30/united-states-staff-report-for-the-1999-article-iv-consultation-3149/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-13T17:03:47.161Z"
}