{
  "title": "Togo: Selected Issues",
  "publication": "IMF Staff Country Reports, May 17, 2017",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/index.md",
  "summary": "This Selected Issues paper provides an assessment of the redistributive impact of fiscal policies in Togo by estimating the impact of taxation and spending on household-level income inequality and poverty rates.",
  "publishDate": "2017-05-17",
  "series": "IMF Staff Country Reports",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary of findings",
      "content": "- The paper assesses the redistributive impact of fiscal policies in Togo by estimating the impact of taxation and spending on household-level income inequality and poverty rates.\n- The combination of direct taxes and subsidies is found to reduce inequality.\n- The combination of direct taxes and subsidies is found to increase poverty rates.\n- Mechanism identified: the value of taxes paid by lower-income households outweighs the value of transfers they receive, increasing the share of the population living below the poverty line."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Highlighted policy priority: target spending to lower-income households.\n- Suggested fiscal shift: progressively move public spending from infrastructure to social expenditures while improving targeting to protect the poor."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject areas and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Commercial banks, Education, Financial institutions, Government debt management, National accounts, Personal income, Public debt, Public financial management (PFM)\n- Keywords: B. social spending, banking sector, CEQ income concepts, Commercial banks, CR, Government debt management, income, ISCR, Personal income, spending, spending portfolio, Sub-Saharan Africa, Togo, Togolese banking sector, VAT, VAT bill, VAT income\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Country Report\n  - Country Report (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Country Report (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Published: May 17, 2017",
    "Series: IMF Staff Country Reports",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484300923.002",
    "The paper assesses the redistributive impact of fiscal policies in Togo by estimating the impact of taxation and spending on household-level income inequality and poverty rates.",
    "The combination of direct taxes and subsidies is found to reduce inequality.",
    "The combination of direct taxes and subsidies is found to increase poverty rates.",
    "Mechanism identified: the value of taxes paid by lower-income households outweighs the value of transfers they receive, increasing the share of the population living below the poverty line.",
    "Highlighted policy priority: target spending to lower-income households.",
    "Suggested fiscal shift: progressively move public spending from infrastructure to social expenditures while improving targeting to protect the poor.",
    "Subject: Commercial banks, Education, Financial institutions, Government debt management, National accounts, Personal income, Public debt, Public financial management (PFM)",
    "Keywords: B. social spending, banking sector, CEQ income concepts, Commercial banks, CR, Government debt management, income, ISCR, Personal income, spending, spending portfolio, Sub-Saharan Africa, Togo, Togolese banking sector, VAT, VAT bill, VAT income",
    "**Country Report**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Country Report",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2017/cr17128.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/cr/2017/cr17128.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/cr/2017/cr17128.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/05/17/togo-selected-issues-44929/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-23T11:17:50.094Z"
}