## Republic of Poland: Selected Issues

_IMF Staff Country Reports, July 17, 2017_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Republic of Poland: Selected Issues](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/07/17/republic-of-poland-selected-issues-45092)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/07/17/republic-of-poland-selected-issues-45092/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/07/17/republic-of-poland-selected-issues-45092/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/07/17/republic-of-poland-selected-issues-45092/bundle-manifest.json)

## Bibliographic details
- Published: July 17, 2017
- Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484310311.002

---

### Key findings
- Poland faces profound demographic changes driven by a decline of fertility rate and growing life expectancy, mostly driven by longevity of older cohorts.
- Demographics may soon pose a barrier for growth.
- The historical expansion of working age population appears to have been only partly utilized to boost potential growth, with increased unemployment and declined labor force participation rates dampening potential gains.
- Net migration was a drag on the labor supply in the past, but this has changed recently.
- In addition to a steady outflow of permanent migrants, there was a sharp pickup in temporary migration after EU accession.

### Policy implications and recommendations
- Policies should not only aim to support fertility, but also to:
  - increase labor force participation rate,
  - improve labor allocation across sectors,
  - encourage net immigration.
- Recent measures moving in the opposite direction risk undermining the effectiveness of mitigating policies and may prevent full offsetting of demographic headwinds.

### Demographic drivers and risks
- Decline of fertility rate.
- Growing life expectancy, concentrated in older cohorts.
- Potential for demographic changes to become a barrier to growth if unaddressed.

### Labor market dynamics
- Expanded working age population was not fully translated into higher potential growth due to:
  - increased unemployment,
  - declined labor force participation rates.
- Improving labor allocation across sectors is highlighted as a necessary measure.

### Migration patterns
- Past net migration reduced labor supply.
- Recent developments indicate a change in that pattern.
- Both a steady outflow of permanent migrants and a sharp pickup in temporary migration after EU accession are noted.

*International Monetary Fund. Republic of Poland: Selected Issues, July 17, 2017.*

---

## Content in this bundle

- **Country Report**
  - [Country Report (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2017/cr17221.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Country Report (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2017/cr17221.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

---

_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2017/07/17/republic-of-poland-selected-issues-45092_